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El Chaar M, Khoury Y, Douglas GM, El Kazzi S, Jisr T, Soussi S, Merhi G, Moghnieh RA, Shapiro BJ. Longitudinal genomic surveillance of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carriage in critical care patients. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0312823. [PMID: 38171007 PMCID: PMC10846182 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03128-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colonization with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains causes a substantial health burden in hospitalized patients. We performed a longitudinal genomics study to investigate the colonization of resistant E. coli strains in critically ill patients and to identify evolutionary changes and strain replacement events within patients. Patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and hematology wards at a major hospital in Lebanon. Perianal swabs were collected from participants on admission and during hospitalization, which were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. We performed whole-genome sequencing and analysis on E. coli strains isolated from patients at multiple time points. The E. coli isolates were genetically diverse, with 11 sequence types (STs) identified among 22 isolates sequenced. Five patients were colonized by E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131)-encoding CTX-M-27, an emerging clone not previously observed in clinical samples from Lebanon. Among the eight patients whose resident E. coli strains were tracked over time, five harbored the same E. coli strain with relatively few mutations over the 5 to 10 days of hospitalization. The other three patients were colonized by different E. coli strains over time. Our study provides evidence of strain diversity within patients during their hospitalization. While strains varied in their antimicrobial resistance profiles, the number of resistance genes did not increase over time. We also show that ST131-encoding CTX-M-27, which appears to be emerging as a globally important multidrug-resistant E. coli strain, is also prevalent among critical care patients and deserves further monitoring.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the evolution of bacteria over time in hospitalized patients is of utmost significance in the field of infectious diseases. While numerous studies have surveyed genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms in nosocomial infections, time series of within-patient dynamics are rare, and high-income countries are over-represented, leaving low- and middle-income countries understudied. Our study aims to bridge these research gaps by conducting a longitudinal survey of critically ill patients in Lebanon. This allowed us to track Escherichia coli evolution and strain replacements within individual patients over extended periods. Through whole-genome sequencing, we found extensive strain diversity, including the first evidence of the emerging E. coli sequence type 131 clone encoding the CTX-M-27 beta-lactamase in a clinical sample from Lebanon, as well as likely strain replacement events during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira El Chaar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yaralynn Khoury
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gavin M. Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samir El Kazzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamima Jisr
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shatha Soussi
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georgi Merhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rima A. Moghnieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B. Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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3
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Shaib H, Aoun P, Ghaddar A, Al Labadi H, Obeid Y. Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Lebanese Broiler Farms. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:8811675. [PMID: 37303775 PMCID: PMC10250091 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid fingerprints of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from Lebanese broiler chickens. To that end, a total of 30 E. coli isolates were collected from 15 semi-open broiler farms from North Lebanon and Bekaa Valley. Results showed that all the isolates were resistant to at least nine out of 18 evaluated antimicrobial agents. The best-performing antibiotic families were Carbapenems (Imipenem) and Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin) to which only 0.0 and 8.3% of the isolates were resistant, respectively. Fifteen various plasmid profiles were depicted, and all the isolates were found to possess one or multiple plasmids. The plasmid sizes varied from 1.2 to 21.0 kbp, and the most commonly detected plasmid had a size of 5.7 kbp (23.3% of the isolates). There was no significant association between the number of plasmids per isolate and resistance to a particular drug. Nevertheless, the presence of specific plasmids, namely, the 2.2 or 7.7 kbp sized ones, was strongly correlated to Quinolones or Trimethoprim resistance, respectively. Both the 7.7 and 6.8 kbp plasmids showed mild correlation to Amikacin resistance, and the 5.7 kbp plasmid was mildly correlated to Piperacillin-Tazobactam resistance. Our findings highlight the need to revise the list of antimicrobials currently used in Lebanese poultry and associate the presence of specific plasmids to antimicrobial resistance patterns in E. coli isolates. The revealed plasmid profiles could also serve any future epidemiological investigation of poultry disease outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Shaib
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Aoun
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Ghaddar
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamza Al Labadi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Obeid
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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4
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Talat A, Miranda C, Poeta P, Khan AU. Farm to table: colistin resistance hitchhiking through food. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:167. [PMID: 37014461 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Colistin is a high priority, last-resort antibiotic recklessly used in livestock and poultry farms. It is used as an antibiotic for treating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections as well as a growth promoter in poultry and animal farms. The sub-therapeutic doses of colistin exert a selection pressure on bacteria leading to the emergence of colistin resistance in the environment. Colistin resistance gene, mcr are mostly plasmid-mediated, amplifying the horizontal gene transfer. Food products such as chicken, meat, pork etc. disseminate colistin resistance to humans through zoonotic transfer. The antimicrobial residues used in livestock and poultry often leaches to soil and water through faeces. This review highlights the recent status of colistin use in food-producing animals, its association with colistin resistance adversely affecting public health. The underlying mechanism of colistin resistance has been explored. The prohibition of over-the-counter colistin sales and as growth promoters for animals and broilers has exhibited effective stewardship of colistin resistance in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Talat
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), IUCS, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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5
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Hussein ND, Hassan JW, Osman M, El-Omari K, Kharroubi SA, Toufeili I, Kassem II. Assessment of the Microbiological Acceptability of White Cheese (Akkawi) in Lebanon and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Associated Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030610. [PMID: 36978477 PMCID: PMC10044863 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy foods are a staple in Lebanon, a low- and middle-income country that has been experiencing serious challenges to food safety and antimicrobial stewardship among other issues. The microbiological acceptability of dairy products has been of increasing concern. This is partially due to the failing economy and prolonged power outages that affect the quality of raw material and disrupt the dairy cold chain, respectively. Therefore, we assessed the microbiological acceptability of Akkawi, a popular white-brined cheese in Lebanon. For this purpose, we quantified the densities of Escherichia coli (a fecal indicator) and Staphylococcus aureus in cheeses collected from Lebanese retail stores. Additionally, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance profiles of the E. coli isolated from the cheese. E. coli and S. aureus were detected in 40 (80%) and 16 (32%) of the 50 cheese samples, respectively. Notably, 40 (80%) and 16 (32%) of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. A high percentage of the 118 E. coli isolated from the cheeses showed resistance to clinically and agriculturally important antibiotics, while 89 (75%) isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Given that Akkawi can be consumed without cooking, our findings highlight serious food safety and antimicrobial resistance problems that require immediate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasri Daher Hussein
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Jouman W. Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Marwan Osman
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Khaled El-Omari
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Samer A. Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Imad Toufeili
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Al Mana H, Johar AA, Kassem II, Eltai NO. Transmissibility and Persistence of the Plasmid-Borne Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1, Harbored in Poultry-Associated E. coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060774. [PMID: 35740180 PMCID: PMC9220209 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, is used to treat infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance can emerge by acquiring the mobile colistin gene, mcr-1, usually plasmid borne. Studies on mcr-1 and its transmissibility are limited in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here, we investigated the occurrence of mcr-1 in 18 previously collected Escherichia coli isolates collected from chicken samples in Qatar; whole-genome sequencing was performed to determine the location (plasmid-borne and chromosomal) of mcr-1 in the isolates. Additionally, we assessed the transmissibility of plasmid-borne mcr-1 and its cost on fitness in E. coli biofilms. Our results showed that the E. coli isolates belonged to different sequence types, indicating that mcr-1 was occurring in strains with diverse genetic backgrounds. In silico analysis and transformation assays showed that all the isolates carried mcr-1 on plasmids that were mainly IncI2 types. All the mcr-1 plasmids were found to be transmissible by conjugation. In biofilms, a significant reduction in the number of CFU (≈0.055 logs CFU/mL) and colistin resistance (≈2.19 log CFU/mL) was observed; however, the reduction in resistance was significantly larger, indicating that the plasmids incur a high fitness cost. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates mcr-1 transmissibility and persistence in Qatar. Our findings highlight that mcr has the potential to spread colistin resistance to potentially disparate strains and niches in Qatar, posing a risk that requires intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al Mana
- Biomedical Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Alreem A. Johar
- Research and Development Department, Barzan Holdings, Doha 7178, Qatar;
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- GA Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44-037-705
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7
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Kassem II, Assi A, Osman M, Mann D, Li S, Deng X. Letter to the Editor: First Report of the Detection of the Plasmid-Borne Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1.26, in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from a Domesticated Pigeon. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:821-823. [PMID: 35639443 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Issmat I Kassem
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ali Assi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David Mann
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shaoting Li
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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8
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Calero-Cáceres W, Tadesse D, Jaramillo K, Villavicencio X, Mero E, Lalaleo L, Welsh C, Villacís JE, Quentin E, Parra H, Ramirez MS, Harries AD, Balcázar JL. Characterization of the genetic structure of mcr-1 gene among Escherichia coli isolates recovered from surface waters and sediments from Ecuador. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150566. [PMID: 34582864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although anthropogenic activities contribute to the selection and spread of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, limited information is available from countries with absent or incomplete sewage treatment systems and the impact of their discharges onto water bodies. This study therefore aimed to characterize the genetic structure of colistin resistance (mcr) genes among Escherichia coli isolates recovered from surface waters and sediments in Ecuador. Out of 459 isolates, four Escherichia coli showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes, which harbored the mcr-1 gene and β-lactamases, such as blaTEM, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, or blaCTX-M-65 genes. Three E. coli isolates (U20, U30 and U144) shared a similar genetic environment surrounding the mcr-1 gene, which was located on plasmids. Only one E. coli isolate (U175) showed that the mcr-1 gene was chromosomally located. Moreover, the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis revealed that these isolates belong to different lineages. This study represents the first detection of the mcr-1 gene in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from environmental samples in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador; Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador.
| | - Daniel Tadesse
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Katherine Jaramillo
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos RAM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez" INSPI, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Villavicencio
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos RAM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez" INSPI, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Efraín Mero
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| | - Liliana Lalaleo
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Caitlin Welsh
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - José E Villacís
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos RAM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez" INSPI, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emmanuelle Quentin
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos RAM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez" INSPI, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Henry Parra
- Centro de Investigación Microbiológica Dr. Henry Parra, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Maria Soledad Ramirez
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - José L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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9
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Majewski P, Gutowska A, Smith DGE, Hauschild T, Majewska P, Hryszko T, Gizycka D, Kedra B, Kochanowicz J, Glowiński J, Drewnowska J, Swiecicka I, Sacha PT, Wieczorek P, Iwaniuk D, Sulewska A, Charkiewicz R, Makarewicz K, Zebrowska A, Czaban S, Radziwon P, Niklinski J, Tryniszewska EA. Plasmid Mediated mcr-1.1 Colistin-Resistance in Clinical Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Poland. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:547020. [PMID: 34956105 PMCID: PMC8703133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.547020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is an inexorable and fatal challenge in modern medicine. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide considered a “last-resort” antimicrobial for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Plasmid-borne mcr colistin resistance emerged recently, and could potentially lead to essentially untreatable infections, particularly in hospital and veterinary (livestock farming) settings. In this study, we sought to establish the molecular basis of colistin-resistance in six extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains. Methods: Molecular investigation of colistin-resistance was performed in six extraintestinal E. coli strains isolated from patients hospitalized in Medical University Hospital, Bialystok, Poland. Complete structures of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids were recovered with use of both short- and long-read sequencing technologies and Unicycler hybrid assembly. Moreover, an electrotransformation assay was performed in order to confirm IncX4 plasmid influence on colistin-resistance phenotype in clinical E. coli strains. Results: Here we report on the emergence of six mcr-1.1-producing extraintestinal E. coli isolates with a number of virulence factors. Mobile pEtN transferase-encoding gene, mcr-1.1, has been proved to be encoded within a type IV secretion system (T4SS)-containing 33.3 kbp IncX4 plasmid pMUB-MCR, next to the PAP2-like membrane-associated lipid phosphatase gene. Conclusion: IncX4 mcr-containing plasmids are reported as increasingly disseminated among E. coli isolates, making it an “epidemic” plasmid, responsible for (i) dissemination of colistin-resistance determinants between different E. coli clones, and (ii) circulation between environmental, industrial, and clinical settings. Great effort needs to be taken to avoid further dissemination of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance among clinically relevant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majewski
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - David G E Smith
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Hryszko
- Second Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Gizycka
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Kedra
- Second Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Glowiński
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Drewnowska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Pawel T Sacha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Iwaniuk
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anetta Sulewska
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Charkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Slawomir Czaban
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elzbieta A Tryniszewska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Valiakos G, Kapna I. Colistin Resistant mcr Genes Prevalence in Livestock Animals (Swine, Bovine, Poultry) from a Multinational Perspective. A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2021; 8:265. [PMID: 34822638 PMCID: PMC8619609 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to collect and present the results of relevant studies on an international level, on the subject of colistin resistance due to mcr genes prevalence in livestock animals. After a literature search, and using PRISMA guidelines principles, a total of 40 swine, 16 bovine and 31 poultry studies were collected concerning mcr-1 gene; five swine, three bovine and three poultry studies referred to mcr-2 gene; eight swine, one bovine, two poultry studies were about mcr-3 gene; six swine, one bovine and one poultry manuscript studied mcr-4 gene; five swine manuscripts studied mcr-5 gene; one swine manuscript was about mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9 genes and one poultry study about mcr-10 gene was found. Information about colistin resistance in bacteria derived from animals and animal product foods is still considered limited and that should be continually enhanced; most of the information about clinical isolates are relative to enteropathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. This review demonstrates the widespread dispersion of mcr genes to livestock animals, indicating the need to further increase measures to control this important threat for public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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