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Neog PR, Saini S, Konwar BK. Purification, and characterization of detergent-compatible serine protease from Bacillussafensis strain PRN1: A sustainable alternative to hazardous chemicals in detergent industry. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106479. [PMID: 38574878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Owing to vast therapeutic, commercial, and industrial applications of microbial proteases microorganisms from different sources are being explored. In this regard, the gut microbiota of Monopteruscuchia were isolated and examined for the production of protease. All the isolates were primarily and secondarily screened on skim milk and gelatin agar plates. The protease-positive isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly. Out of the 20 isolated strains,6 belonging to five different genera viz.Bacillus,Priestia,Aeromonas,Staphylococcus, and Serratia demonstrated proteolytic activity. Bacillussafensis strain PRN1 demonstrated the highest protease production and, thus, the largest hydrolytic clear zones in both skim milk agar (15 ± 1 mm) and gelatin (16 ± 1 mm) plates. The optimized parameters (time, pH, temperature, carbon, nitrogen) for highest protease activity and microbial growth of B.safensis strain PRN1 includes 72 h (OD600 = 0.56,1303 U/mL), pH 8 (OD600 = 0.83, 403.29 U/mL), 40 °C (OD600 = 1.75, 1849.11 U/mL), fructose (OD600 = 1.22, 1502 U/mL), and gelatin (OD600 = 1.88, 1015.33 U/mL). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using salt-precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that the purified enzyme was a monomer of a molecular weight of ∼33 kDa. The protease demonstrated optimal activity at pH 8 and 60 °C. It was strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), demonstrating that it belongs to the serine-proteases family. The compatibility of the enzyme with surfactants and commercial detergents demonstrates its potential use in the detergent industry. Furthermore, the purified enzyme showed antibacterial and blood-stain removal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchi Rani Neog
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Shubhangi Saini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Bolin Kumar Konwar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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Saeed K, Riaz S, Adil A, Nawaz I, Naqvi SKUH, Baig A, Ali M, Zeb I, Ahmed R, Naqvi TA. Characterization of alkaline metalloprotease isolated from halophilic bacterium Bacillus cereus and its applications in various industrial processes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230014. [PMID: 37878911 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial proteases are one of the most demanding enzymes for various industries with diverse applications in food, pharmaceutics, and textile industries to name the few. An extracellular alkaline metalloprotease was produced and purified from moderate halophilic bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus TS2, with some unique characteristics required for various industrial applications. The protease was produced in basal medium supplemented with casein and was partially purified by ion exchange chromatography followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The alkaline metalloprotease has molecular weight of 35 kDa with specific activity of 535.4 µM/min/mg. It can work at wide range of pH from 3 to 12, while showing optimum activity at pH 10. Similarly, the alkaline metalloprotease is stable till the temperature of 80 °C and works at wide range of temperature from 20 to 90 °C with optimum activity at 60 °C. The turnover rate increases in the presence of NaCl and Co+2 with k cat/KM of 1.42 × 103 and 1.27 × 103 s-1.M-1 respectively, while without NaCl and Co+2 it has a value of 7.58× 102. The alkaline metalloprotease was relatively resistant to thermal and solvent mediated denaturation. Applications revealed that the metalloprotease was efficient to remove hair from goat skin, remove blood stains and degrade milk, thus can be a potential candidate for leather, detergent, and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Saeed
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Adil
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Nawaz
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biosciences, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kamran-U-Hassan Naqvi
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biosciences, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Zeb
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ahmed
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tatheer Alam Naqvi
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Biotechnology, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Gamit HA, Naik H, Chandarana KA, Chandwani S, Amaresan N. Secondary metabolites from methylotrophic bacteria: their role in improving plant growth under a stressed environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28563-28574. [PMID: 36710311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is considered a natural disaster that causes the ecosystem to fluctuate and increase temperature, as well as the amount of UV radiation (UV-A and UV-B) on the Earth's surface. Consequently, greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide have become obstacles to the development of sustainable agriculture. To overcome environmental stress such as phytopathogens, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and high-low temperatures, the utilization of microorganisms is a viable option. The synthesis of secondary metabolites by methylotrophic bacteria improves plant metabolism, enhances tolerance, and facilitates growth. The genus Methylobacterium is a pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs which abundantly colonizes plants, especially young leaves, owing to the availability of methanol. Secondary metabolites such as amino acids, carotenoids, hormones, antimicrobial compounds, and other compounds produced by methylotrophic bacteria enhance plant metabolism under stress conditions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary metabolites produced by methylotrophic bacteria and their role in promoting plant growth under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshida A Gamit
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Hetvi Naik
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Komal A Chandarana
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Sapna Chandwani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India.
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Jayakumar D, Sachith SK, Nathan VK, Rishad KSM. Statistical optimization of thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus KM 05 using response surface methodology. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2053-2065. [PMID: 34432180 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteases have gained great attention due to their enormous applications in food, tannery, detergent, photography and many other industries. Proteases rank third position in the production of enzymes. This paper targets to isolate a bacterium with high alkaline protease activity and optimization of its production conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RESULTS A bacterium isolated from soil contaminated with detergent exhibited clearance zone on skim milk agar medium with a protease activity of 22 U/ml. The bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus cereus KM05 and optimization of its production conditions were performed using statistical methods. Further optimization with Box Behnken design resulted in an increase in protease activity by 1.5-fold (28.6 U/ml). The protease enzyme was thermotolerant up to 70 °C with stability towards alkaline pH (pH 9). The enzyme was not affected by most of the metal ions and solvents. Moreover, the protease was also compatible with six commercial detergents tested. Densitometric analysis of the destained fabric materials following the detergent-enzyme treatment, revealed a stain removal efficiency of 97%. CONCLUSION The alkaline protease enzyme obtained was stable at different conditions with stain removal efficacy. Hence, the present alkaline protease could be used for detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Jayakumar
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sunish Kadayil Sachith
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Sharma AK, Kikani BA, Singh SP. Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:680-696. [PMID: 32145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes purification strategies, biochemical properties and thermodynamic analysis of an alkaline serine protease from a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18. The solvent tolerance, broad thermal-pH stability, favourable kinetics and thermodynamics suggest stability of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was active in the range of pH 7-12 and 37-90 °C, optimally at pH 9 and 70 °C. The deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t½), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), activation energy (E) and change in free energy (ΔG*) suggested stability and spontaneity of the reaction. β-Sheets as revealed by the Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, were the major elements in the secondary structure of the enzyme, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of amide I and amide II. Based on the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, the amino acid sequence had only 38% similarity with other proteases of Nocardiopsis strains, suggesting its novelty. The Ramachandran Plot revealed the location of the amino acid residues in the most favored region. The blood de-staining, gelatin hydrolysis, silver recovery and deproteinization of crab shells established the biotechnological potential of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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Abdelmoteleb A, Troncoso-Rojas R, Gonzalez-Soto T, González-Mendoza D. Antifungical Activity of Autochthonous Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Prosopis juliflora against Phytopathogenic Fungi. MYCOBIOLOGY 2017; 45:385-391. [PMID: 29371807 PMCID: PMC5780371 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Bacillus subtilis, strain ALICA to produce three mycolytic enzymes (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease), was carried out by the chemical standard methods. Bacillus subtilis ALICA was screened based on their antifungal activity in dual plate assay and cell-free culture filtrate (25%) against five different phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotium rolfesii. The B. subtilis ALICA detected positive for chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and protease enzymes. Fungal growth inhibition by both strain ALICA and its cell-free culture filtrate ranged from 51.36% to 86.3% and 38.43% to 68.6%, respectively. Moreover, hyphal morphological changes like damage, broken, swelling, distortions abnormal morphology were observed. Genes expression of protease, β-1,3-glucanase, and lipopeptides (subtilosin and subtilisin) were confirmed their presence in the supernatant of strain ALICA. Our findings indicated that strain ALICA provided a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against various phytopathogenic fungi and may be a potential effective alternative to chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdelmoteleb
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), CP 21705, Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, Mexico
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Dirección de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Tania Gonzalez-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Dirección de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Daniel González-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), CP 21705, Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, Mexico
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Pattnaik S, Rajkumari J, Paramanandham P, Busi S. Indole Acetic Acid Production and Growth-Promoting Activity of Methylobacterium extorquens MP1 and Methylobacterium zatmanii MS4 in Tomato. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2017.1283381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhaswaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Jobina Rajkumari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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