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Kumar N, Sharma AK, Guleria M, Shelar SB, Chakraborty A, Rakshit S, Kolay S, Satpati D, Das T. Nuclear Localization Signal Enhances the Targeting and Therapeutic Efficacy of a Porphyrin-Based Molecular Cargo: A Systemic In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2351-2364. [PMID: 38477252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) toward facilitating intracellular delivery and enhancement in the therapeutic efficacy of the molecular cargo. Toward this, an in-house synthesized porphyrin derivative, namely, 5-carboxymethyelene-oxyphenyl-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (UTriMA), was utilized for conjugation with the NLS sequence [PKKKRKV]. The three compounds synthesized during the course of the present work, namely DOTA-Lys-NLS, DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS, and DOTA-Lys-UTriMA, were evaluated for cellular toxicity in cancer cell lines (HT1080), wherein all exhibited minimal dark toxicity. However, during photocytotoxicity studies with DOTA-Lys-UTriMA and DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS conjugates in the same cell line, the latter exhibited significantly higher light-dependent toxicity compared to the former. Furthermore, the photocytotoxicity for DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS in a healthy cell line (WI26VA4) was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the cancer cells. Fluorescence cell imaging studies carried out in HT1080 cancer cells revealed intracellular accumulation for the NLS-conjugated porphyrin (DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS), whereas unconjugated porphyrin (DOTA-Lys-UTriMA) failed to do so. To evaluate the radiotherapeutic effects of the synthesized conjugates, all three compounds were radiolabeled with 177Lu, a well-known therapeutic radionuclide with high radiochemical purity (>95%). During in vitro studies, the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS complex exhibited the highest cell binding as well as internalization among the three radiolabeled complexes. Biological distribution studies for the radiolabeled compounds were performed in a fibrosarcoma-bearing small animal model, wherein significantly higher accumulation and prolonged retention of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS (9.32 ± 1.27% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) in the tumorous lesion compared to [177Lu]Lu-UTriMA-Lys-DOTA (2.3 ± 0.13% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Lys-NLS complexes (0.26 ± 0.17% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) were observed. The results of the biodistribution studies were further corroborated by recording serial SPECT-CT images of fibrosarcoma-bearing Swiss mice administered with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS at different time points. Tumor regression studies performed with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS in the same animal model with two different doses [250 μCi (9.25 MBq) and 500 μCi (18.5 MBq)] resulted in a significant reduction in tumor mass in the treated group of animals. The above results revealed a definite enhancement in the targeting ability of molecular cargo upon conjugation with NLS and hence indicated that this strategy may be helpful for the preparation of drug-NLS conjugates as multimodal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sandeep B Shelar
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sutapa Rakshit
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Soumi Kolay
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Swain RK, Mohanty SS, Thakor M, Sharma AK. Assessment of thermal and temporal stability of SARS-CoV-2 samples using real-time qRT-PCR. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8565-8573. [PMID: 37644371 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As per the guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium (VTM) are to be stored at 4 °C for less than 5 days and for more than 5 days at -70 °C. Samples are not transported or stored as per prescribed conditions because of the limitations, resulting in an apprehensive diagnosis. The aim of the study was to test the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 sample stored in VTM at different temperatures. METHODS In this study, the stability of 21 positive and 9 negative samples for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in commercial VTM at different temperatures (-80 °C, -20 °C, 4 °C, and 25 to 30 °C). Stability was checked for up to 50 days in the above storage conditions at different intervals. PathoDetect™ and Hi-PCR® kits were used for the detection of the four genes of SARS-CoV-2. The Cycle Threshold (Ct) value for determining the positivity of samples for PathoDetect™ was < 40 and for Hi-PCR® was < 38. RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 confirmatory genes (RdRp and E genes) and the internal housekeeping gene remained detectable even on the 50th day of the study. The Ct of the RdRp and E genes were found to increase with storage duration, but all positive samples remained positive till the end of the study, or the Ct value remained below the cut-off level. The negative samples gave consistent results until the end of the study. When the differences in Ct values were compared between the days in a set of experiments, they were not significantly different except in a few samples. CONCLUSION The SARS-CoV-2 genetic materials in commercial VTM were stable at room temperature to -80 °C for 50 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Swain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, India
| | - S S Mohanty
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Mahendra Thakor
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
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Khan I, Yadav P, Saran RK, Sharma S, Sharma AK. A Study of the Degree of Gall Bladder Wall Thickness and Its Impact on Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e38990. [PMID: 37323346 PMCID: PMC10261991 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gold standard management for symptomatic gallstone disease is elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has replaced open cholecystectomy. The wall thickness of the gallbladder is an indicator of cholecystitis in patients who have presented with symptoms of gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative gall bladder wall thickness by ultrasonography and assess its impact on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including conversion rate, complications, operative time, and postoperative hospital stay. Method This prospective study was conducted on 350 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, those who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, and attached hospitals from July 2019 to November 2021. On the basis of ultrasonography findings of gallbladder wall thickness, patients were divided into four groups: normal thickness - up to 2 mm, mild thickness - 3-4mm, moderate thickness - 5-6mm, and severe wall thickness - more than 6mm). Up to 2 millimeters thickness was considered as normal. Results The incidence of conversion rate, as well as intra or postoperative complications, were higher in moderate and severe wall thickness groups. The maximum incidence of complication rate is seen in moderately thickened group (33.33%). In severely thickened group, complication was seen in 100% of patients. Operative time, as well as postoperative hospital stay, were more in higher thickness groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and conversion rate, complications operative time, and postoperative length of stay. Conclusion Increased gallbladder wall thickness causes increased intra as well as postoperative complications, more conversion to open procedure rate, increased operative time, and enhanced postoperative hospital stay. Among the total study population, 29.71% of patients had increased gallbladder wall thickness. In our study, a positive correlation was seen among gallbladder wall thickness, complication rate, conversion rate, intraoperative time, and postoperative hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Khan
- General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Parul Yadav
- General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Rama K Saran
- General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Sarthak Sharma
- General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Amit K Sharma
- General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
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Sharma M, Mathesh K, Dandapat P, Mariappan AK, Kumar R, Kumari S, Kapur V, Maan S, Jindal N, Bansal N, Kadiwar R, Kumar A, Gupta N, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Emergence of Mycobacterium orygis-Associated Tuberculosis in Wild Ruminants, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:661-663. [PMID: 36823735 PMCID: PMC9973683 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium orygis was detected in 2 spotted deer from a wildlife sanctuary in western India and an Indian bison from a national park in central India. Nationwide surveillance is urgently required to clarify the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex at the human-livestock-wildlife interface.
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Chaudhary G, Pradhan AK, Shah S, Roy S, Singh V, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Vishwakarma P, Sharma AK, Bhandari M, Shukla A, Singh A. Unraveling the invisible demon: a study of the oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities and inflammatory markers in patients admitted with complete heart block. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Despite the recent advancements in the management of Complete Heart Block (CHB), the aetiology of CHB is still idiopathic in most of the cases. Our study explores this hitherto untouched aspect of complete heart block.
Purpose
We aimed to assess the aetiological profile of Complete Heart Block patients in our study.
Methods
The study population consisted of 60 patients with complete heart block aged between 30 to 80 years, attending as an inpatient in ER. Oxidative stress was measured by serum MDA, serum GSH, serum Catalase activity and serum SOD activity. Antioxidant activity was obtained by measuring the levels of serum total antioxidant capacity. Inflammatory stress was measured by IL-5 and TNF-alpha levels. These values were compared to 30 healthy controls with no prior history of smoking and diabetes mellitus.
Results
The mean age of the patient was 62.48 ± 7.98 years and the gender distribution was 37 males and 23 females out of 60 patients. The mean value of serum MDA (ng/mL) in cases is 1451.26 ± 206.32, and in controls, the mean value is 1197.98 ± 234.71 (p=<0.001). The mean value of serum GSH (mcg/mL) in cases is 46.982 ± 18.613, and in controls, the mean value is 54.155 ± 10.762 (p=0.027). The mean value of serum Catalase Activity (U/min/mg protein) in cases is 10.763 ± 4.038 and in controls, the mean value is 19.878 ± 7.787 (p=0.003). The mean value of serum SOD Activity (U/g) in cases is 24.950 ± 5.4565, and in controls, the mean value is 46.214 ± 14.6309 (p=0.891). The mean value of serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (U/mL) in cases is 5.546 ± 0.620 and in controls, the mean value is 8.346 ± 2.781 (p=0.025). The mean value of serum IL-5 (pg/mL) in cases is 481.442 ± 28.8995, and in controls, the mean value is 67.347 ± 20.445 (p<0.001). The mean value of serum TNF-ALFA (pg/mL) in cases is 196.741 ± 73.771, and in controls, the mean value is 144.530 ± 42.599 (p= 0.081).
Conclusions
During a complete heart block, SOD (p=0.891), CAT (p=0.003), GSH (p=0.027) and total antioxidant (TAOC) (p=0.025) were significantly decreased in cases, compared to healthy controls, thus suggesting that the elevated levels of oxidative free radicals causes endothelial dysfunctioning. The increase in ROS was observed by a highly significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=<0.001) showing high ROS-mediated tissue damage. Besides damage by oxidative stress, our study suggests that there are certain inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-5 that actively participate in causing heart block. There was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-5 (p<0.001) in the cases as compared to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chaudhary
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A K Pradhan
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Shah
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Roy
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - V Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S K Dwivedi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - R Sethi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Chandra
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | | | - A K Sharma
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - M Bhandari
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Shukla
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
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Roy S, Singh V, Ahmed J, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Pradhan AK, Vishwakarma P, Sharma AK, Bhandari M, Shukla A, Singh A, Chaudhary G. The surprises in optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients presenting with in-stent restenosis: the road less travelled. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Morphological features of neointimal tissue play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention, hence understanding these features and patterns is crucial.
Purpose
The present study was designed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess neointimal characteristics of lesions using OCT in patients presenting with ISR.
Methods
This was a single-center, prospective, observational study performed between 1st August 2020 and 30th December 2021 at a tertiary-care center in India. Patients diagnosed with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome with post-procedural angiographically documented restenosis (>50%) were included. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of neointimal hyperplasia patterns was performed using OCT.
Results
A total of 34 patients with ISR were studied. Neointimal hyperplasia was classified as (i) homogenous group (n=18) and (ii) non-homogenous group (n=16). As many as 14 (77.8%) diabetics belonged to the homogenous group. Predominant plaque characteristics such as neoatherosclerosis, cholesterol crystals, and calcium were documented in 14 (77.8%), 12 (66.7%), and 11 (61.1%) patients in the homogenous group and in 10 (62.5%), 10 (62.5%), and 9 (56.2%) patients in the non-homogenous group, respectively. Unexpanded stent struts were identified in 11 (61.1%) and 11 (68.8%) patients in the homogenous and non-homogenous groups, respectively. Mean strut thickness was 93.73 ± 31.03 µm and 83.54 ± 18.0 µm, ISR was 72.50 ± 15.93% and 65.37 ± 21.69%, the neointimal thickness was 588.06 ± 167.82 mm and 666.25 ± 218.05 mm, and neointimal hyperplasia was 54.54 ± 11.23% and 59.26 ± 8.86% in the homogenous and non-homogenous groups, respectively.
Conclusion
Neoatherosclerosis and stent underexpansion was predominantly observed in our study, which was in contrast to most of the existing literature [1,2,3], and only diabetes was found to be significantly associated with homogenous neointimal hyperplasia, irrespective of the generation of the stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - V Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - J Ahmed
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S K Dwivedi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - R Sethi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Chandra
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A K Pradhan
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | | | - A K Sharma
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - M Bhandari
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Shukla
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - G Chaudhary
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
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Guleria M, Suman SK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Amirdhanayagam J, Sarma HD, Satpati D, Das T. Evaluation of the effect of a cell penetrating peptide (TAT) towards tailoring the targeting efficacy and tumor uptake of porphyrin. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1378-1390. [PMID: 36439980 PMCID: PMC9667781 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are known to possess a unique capacity to penetrate biological membranes and translocate various molecules into the cells. Therefore, porphyrin-CPP conjugates could be envisaged to boost the intracellular delivery of porphyrins thereby providing an improved tool for the development of agents for multi-modal applications for cancer management. Working in this direction, an unsymmetrically substituted porphyrin derivative was conjugated with a transactivating transcriptional activator peptide (TAT) and various in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out in order to study the effect of adding a CPP to the porphyrin derivative. MTT assay revealed the preferential light dependent toxicity of the porphyrin derivative which was further enhanced upon peptide conjugation. Fluorescence and flow cytometry studies revealed the relatively higher cellular internalization of the porphyrin-TAT conjugate in comparison with the porphyrin derivative. The elevated light dependent cell toxicity of the porphyrin-TAT conjugate along with its capability of generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen indicated the advantages of using the porphyrin-TAT conjugate for PDT applications. Also, porphyrin and the porphyrin-peptide conjugate were radiolabelled with 68Ga to investigate their possible potential as PET agents. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed a higher tumor uptake for the 68Ga-porphyrin-TAT conjugate (6.32 ± 1.24% IA per g) than for 68Ga-porphyrin (2.45 ± 0.88% IA per g) at 60 min post-administration. However, the observation of a higher non-target retention of the radiolabelled agents during in vivo studies might pose a limitation on their possible application in PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
| | - Shishu K Suman
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
| | - Jeyachitra Amirdhanayagam
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
| | - Haladhar D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India
| | - Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai - 400085 India 91 22 2550 5151 91 22 2559 0613
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai - 400094 India
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Das P, Arora S, Sharma P, Nath SK, Sivasami K, Singh GK, Bahuguna A, Sapra D, Singh N, Sharma AK, Verma P, Bellad P, Gupta A, G B P, Ranjan Das DS. Gastrointestinal: IgA vasculitis as a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2027. [PMID: 35315539 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Das
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Lab Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Nath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Military Hospital Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Sivasami
- Department of Rheumatology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Bahuguna
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Sapra
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Office of Director General Medical Services, New Delhi, India
| | - P Verma
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Bellad
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P G B
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Ranjan Das
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Military Hospital Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Chandramohan S, Mathesh K, Mallord JW, Naidoo V, Mahendran K, Kesavan M, Gaur GK, Pawde AM, Prakash N, Ranade S, Saikia D, Sharma AK, Shringarpure R, Green RE, Prakash VM. Metabolism of aceclofenac to diclofenac in the domestic water buffalo Bubalus bubalis confirms it as a threat to Critically Endangered Gyps vultures in South Asia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 96:103984. [PMID: 36182041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vulture declines in South Asia were caused by accidental poisoning by the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Although veterinary use of diclofenac has been banned, other vulture-toxic NSAIDs are legally available, including aceclofenac, which has been shown to metabolise into diclofenac in domestic cattle. We gave nine domestic water buffalo the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg kg-1 body weight), collected blood at intervals up to 48 h, and carried out a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and its metabolite diclofenac in plasma. Aceclofenac was rapidly converted to diclofenac, and was barely detectable in plasma at any sampling time. Diclofenac was present within 20 min, and peaked 4-8 h after dosing. Aceclofenac is a prodrug of diclofenac, and behaves similarly in domestic water buffalo as it did in domestic cattle, posing the same risk to vultures. We recommend an immediate ban on the veterinary use of aceclofenac across vulture-range countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandramohan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - John W Mallord
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa
| | - K Mahendran
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Gyanendra K Gaur
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Nikita Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Ranade
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debasish Saikia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Rohan Shringarpure
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rhys E Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Vibhu M Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
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Gautam YP, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Kumar V, Tripathi AR, Kumar J, Saradhi IV, Kumar AV. SITE-SPECIFIC DRY AND WET DEPOSITION VELOCITIES USING 7BE AND MASS INTERCEPTION FACTOR FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANT LEAVES AT NARORA SITE, INDIA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:1258-1264. [PMID: 35870198 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies were carried out during the period 2016-19 on the estimation of site-specific wet and dry deposition velocities and the mass interception factor for Narora site based on the concentrations of 7Be in air, air deposits, rain water and vegetation samples. Mean wet and dry deposition velocities for Narora site were found to be 1.64E-2 and 1.58E-3 m s-1, respectively. Mass interception factors for vegetation found to be 0.34-2.51 m2 kg-1 dry weight with a mean of 0.97 m2 kg-1 dry weight. The obtained parameters shall be used for estimation of impact due to radionuclide related to Narora Atomic Power station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Gautam
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - A R Tripathi
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - J Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - I V Saradhi
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
- EMAD, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - A Vinod Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
- EMAD, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Sharma M, Karikalan M, Dandapat P, Asok Kumar M, Beena V, Chandra Mohan S, Ilayaraja S, Mathur A, Bhawal A, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Tuberculosis in free-ranging and captive wild animals: Pathological and molecular diagnosis with histomorphological differentiation of granulomatous lesions. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105752. [PMID: 36108989 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious zoonotic threat, impacting the human-livestock-wildlife interface globally. Here, we evaluated the status and histomorphological differentiation of TB lesions in 89 morbid cases of wild animals (bovids, cervids, carnivores, non-human primates, and pachyderms) in India. Histomorphological and molecular studies were done using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas cultural isolation was performed on selected samples. A total of 32 (35.95%) cases were confirmed as TB, comprising of 12 carnivores, 09 bovids, 06 cervids, 04 non-human primates, and a pachyderm. The TB lesions in the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes varied from the large-sized caseous nodules filled with dry cheesy material in bovids and cervids to variable-sized cavitations containing liquefied caseum in carnivores' lungs. The lungs, livers, and spleens of non-human primates exhibited small to medium-sized nodules. Histologically, lesions were divided into four categories (Types I, II, III, and IV) based on the extent of necrosis, the presence of mineralization, giant cells, and fibrous encapsulation. Extensive caseous necrosis with calcification, abundant giant cells, and thick fibroblastic encapsulation were consistent findings in the lungs, livers, and lymph nodes of bovids and cervids, whereas airway impaction with cellular exudate containing a teeming number of acid-fast bacilli and, at times, alveolar rupture leading to cavity formation was present in the lungs of carnivores. Absence of calcification and fibrous encapsulation was recorded in lungs of non-human primates. Immunohistochemical labelling with anti-early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) antibodies showed mild, moderate, and intense positive reactions in type II and III, type I, and type IV granulomatous lesions, respectively. Molecular detection by PCR revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (12 carnivores, 02 non-human primates and 01 pachyderm), M. bovis (02 cervids and 01 bovid) and M. orygis (02 cervids and 01 bovid). Cultural isolation confirmed M. tuberculosis in 03 carnivores and M. orygis in 02 cervids and 01 bovid. Our findings imply that TB is quite prevalent in the wildlife of India and there are considerable differences in the histomorphological lesions induced by distinct Mycobacterium species in different wild animals. The circulation of TB organisms in wild animals warrants a strict surveillance programme to identify the carrier status of these animals so that effective TB control strategies can be formulated to prevent spillover and spillback incidences at the human-livestock-wildlife interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Dandapat
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata (WB), India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Beena
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- Deputy Director, Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Senior Veterinary Officer, Nahargarh Biological Park, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhijit Bhawal
- Veterinary Officer, National Zoological Park, New Delhi, India
| | - A M Pawde
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma AK, Singh D, Mahajan B, Tandon M, Singh H. Role of High-Sensitivity Troponin-T And N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as an Early Predictor of Myocardial Dysfunction in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study. Neurol India 2022; 70:1475-1480. [PMID: 36076646 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute cardiac complications are commonly seen in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients and may vary from subclinical electrocardiographic abnormalities, or reduced ejection fraction on echocardiography, elevated levels of cardiac markers (cardiac troponin and Brain natriuretic peptide) to heart failure. Objective This study was done to evaluate the role of cardiac markers (high-sensitive Troponin-T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) in early identification of cardiac complications and hence dysfunction. Methods All consecutive patients with aSAH without any previous cardiac history were included. At admission, neurological evaluation using Hunt and Hess grading (H and H grade), with electrocardiography to look for any changes, echocardiography for ejection fraction, and any wall motion abnormalities was also done. The serial serum levels of high-sensitive Troponin-T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP) for 7 consecutive days was measured with hsTnT >0.14 ng/ml and NT pro-BNP >150 pg/mL considered elevated. Results A total of 69 patients were included. The elevated peak level of hsTnT and NT pro-BNP was seen in 55.1% and 69.6% of patients. A positive correlation was seen between hsTnT (P = 0.033) and NT pro-BNP (P = 0.011) and poor SAH grade (H and H grade 3-5), similarly, abnormal ECG also significantly correlated with elevated peak hsTnT (P = 0.002) and NT proBNP (P = 0.000). Also, significant difference in peak hsTnT (P = 0.000) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.000) in patients with or without reduced ejection fraction (EF). Conclusion The elevated peak levels of hsTnT and NTproBNP along with ECG and echocardiography abnormalities may help in early identification of myocardial injury, hence cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Daljit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
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Sharma AK, Jagetia A, Singhal GD, Bodeliwala S, Srivastava AK, Singh D. Treatment Dilemma of Latrogenic Pseudoaneurysm of the Intracavernous Internal Carotid Artery in Young Girl Following Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Case Report. Asian J Neurosurg 2022; 17:112-115. [PMID: 35873853 PMCID: PMC9298596 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistaxis following transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) removal of pituitary adenoma can be massive and life-threatening. The intracranial source of bleeding is usually the intracavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or adjacent branches. Injury to the cavernous ICA can lead to pseudoaneurysm (PA) or fistula formation. Management of PA is different from saccular aneurysms. A timely diagnosis and adequate management can restore vessel integrity and prevent associated morbidity. A young patient of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, who underwent microscopic TNTS excision of the tumour, presented with massive epistaxis. Pseudoaneurysm of the cavernous ICA was initially not seen on computed tomography angiography and was later diagnosed on digital subtraction angiography. The attempted management of PA with coils without stent could not stop aneurysm recurrence. The management of such complicated PAs is discussed, and a literature review is done regarding epistaxis in growth hormone secreting adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Jagetia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Singhal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaam Bodeliwala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Daljit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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14
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Bind S, Bind S, Sharma AK, Chaturvedi P. Epigenetic Modification: A Key Tool for Secondary Metabolite Production in Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:784109. [PMID: 35495688 PMCID: PMC9043899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.784109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are stupendous source of secondary metabolites, having significant pharmaceutical and industrial importance. Genome mining has led to the detection of several cryptic metabolic pathways in the natural producer of secondary metabolites (SMs) such as actinobacteria and fungi. Production of these bioactive compounds in considerable amount is, however, somewhat challenging. This led to the search of using epigenetics as a key mechanism to alter the expression of genes that encode the SMs toward higher production in microorganisms. Epigenetics is defined as any heritable change without involving the changes in the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic modifications include chromatin remodeling by histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and RNA interference. Biosynthetic gene cluster for SMs remains in heterochromatin state in which the transcription of constitutive gene is regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which promote changes in the structure of chromatin, could control the expression of silent genes and may be rationally employed for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. This review article focuses on the types of epigenetic modifications and their impact on gene expression for enhancement of SM production in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bind
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandhya Bind
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
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Chandramohan S, Mallord JW, Mathesh K, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Kesavan M, Gupta R, Chutia K, Pawde A, Prakash NV, Ravichandran P, Saikia D, Shringarpure R, Timung A, Galligan TH, Green RE, Prakash VM. Experimental safety testing shows that the NSAID tolfenamic acid is not toxic to Gyps vultures in India at concentrations likely to be encountered in cattle carcasses. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152088. [PMID: 34861305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Population declines of Gyps vultures across the Indian subcontinent were caused by unintentional poisoning by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Subsequently, a number of other NSAIDs have been identified as toxic to vultures, while one, meloxicam, is safe at concentrations likely to be encountered by vultures in the wild. Other vulture-safe drugs need to be identified to reduce the use of those toxic to vultures. We report on safety-testing experiments on the NSAID tolfenamic acid on captive vultures of three Gyps species, all of which are susceptible to diclofenac poisoning. Firstly, we estimated the maximum level of exposure (MLE) of wild vultures and gave this dose to 40 Near Threatened Himalayan Griffons G. himalayensis by oral gavage, with 15 control birds dosed with benzyl alcohol (the carrier solution for tolfenamic acid). Two birds given tolfenamic acid died with elevated uric acid levels and severe visceral gout, while the remainder showed no adverse clinical or biochemical signs. Secondly, four G. himalayensis were fed tissues from water buffaloes which had been treated with double the recommended veterinary dose of tolfenamic acid prior to death and compared to two birds fed uncontaminated tissue; none suffered any clinical effects. Finally, two captive Critically Endangered vultures, one G. bengalensis and one G. indicus, were given the MLE dose by gavage and compared to two control birds; again, none suffered any clinical effects. The death of two G. himalayensis may have been an anomaly due to i) the high dose level used and ii) the high ambient temperatures at the time of the experiment. Tolfenamic acid is likely to be safe to Gyps vultures at concentrations encountered by wild birds and could therefore be promoted as a safe alternative to toxic NSAIDs. It is manufactured in the region, and is increasingly being used to treat livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandramohan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - John W Mallord
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Krishna Chutia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Abhijit Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Nikita V Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - P Ravichandran
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Debasish Saikia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | | | - Avinash Timung
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Toby H Galligan
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Rhys E Green
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Vibhu M Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
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Dadarwal A, Roy S, Sharma AK, Sharma KK. Optical coherence tomography versus angiography to guide percutaneous intervention: a real-world single center propensity-matched analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with its superior resolution has several benefits over coronary angiography (CA) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite the benefits of OCT in comparison with angiography, it is not widely used in developing countries like India data is limited in India specifically in all comer population to meet unmet need.
Objective
Here we aim to determine the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of OCT versus CA alone in guiding PCI in all-comer patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective study which included 434 all comer patients which were propensity matched. These patients underwent PCI at our center between December 2018 and June 2020. The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, recurrent ischemia and target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) at 6 months. Secondary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), composite of stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Safety endpoints were post-PCI s. creatinine and hospital stay and other outcome includes post PCI rise in CK-MB.
Results
A total of 217 patients were included in each group: the OCT group and conventional angiography guided PCI (angio group) after propensity matching. Compared to angio group, patients presenting with unstable angina, NSTEMI were significantly higher in the OCT group (55.7% vs 43.3%, p = 0.0095; 17.5% vs 10%, p = 0.02, respectively) while patients with STEMI were significantly low in the OCT (23.5% vs 41.5%, p = 0.00005). Number of balloons, maximum balloon size and left main interventions and contrast volume were more in OCT group than angio group (4.21 ± 1.67 vs 3.86 ± 1.76, P= 0.0034; 3.77 ± 0.63 mm vs 3.51 ± 0.52 mm,P < 0.0001; 24.52% vs 13.36 %,P = 0.003 and 202.53 ± 73.15 ml vs 161.91 ± 69.23 ml, P< 0.0001 respectively). The incidence of MACE at 6 months was numerically lower in the OCT group vs angio group but the difference was not statistically significant (15 [6.9%] vs 21 [9.7%]; p = 0.2964). No cases of TV-MI, TLF (stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis) is observed in both the groups. Post procedure rise in CKMB was more in Angio group in comparison to OCT group (6.16 ± 31.28 ng/ml vs 39.5 ± 108.71 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Optimal stent expansion (>80%) was seen in 71.5% patients in post OCT-guided PCI. In OCT guided PCI group, OCT identified stent underexpansion in 28.5%, stent malapposition in 3.7%, stent edge dissection in 4.1%, and tissue prolapse in 10% of the patients.
Conclusion
In this large retrospective study, OCT guided PCI is feasible and OCT-guided PCI has tendency to improve clinical outcomes at six months follow up compared to conventional angiography guided PCI in all comer patients. Abstract Figure. central illustration Abstract Figure. Identification of PCI complications
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Roy
- Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | | | - K K Sharma
- Lal Bahadur Shastri College Of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Jaipur, India
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Gautam R, Rajoura OP, Sharma AK, Rajpal, Bhatia MS. Socio-demographic features and quality of life post burn injury. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1032-1035. [PMID: 35495786 PMCID: PMC9051735 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1172_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Burn injury is a highly devastating injury accounting for the major cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost mostly in developing countries. Physical trauma, body disfigurement, the social stigma associated with injury completely shatter an individual’s life. Aim: To study the quality of life among burn injury patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study was done on 150 burn injury patients. During the initial recruitment from Burns and Plastic Surgery Ward, socio-demographic profile and burn incident-related data were collected, whereas the WHO QoL-BREF tool was applied after 3 months of discharge during a follow-up visit in the outpatient department of Burns and Plastic Surgery to assess the quality of life among subjects. Data were compiled in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Results: The study revealed poor quality of life among four domains of QoL; it was most inferior in the psychological domain followed by the physical health domain, environment domain, and social relationship domain. Conclusion: Advancement in the medical field has improved the survival rate in victims although the patients recover from the acute painful phase of physical trauma. However, the psychological and social impacts of injury remain unaddressed leading to a poor QoL. There is a need for an integrated approach for prevention and enhancement of the quality of care for the victims in all four domains of life. More emphasis is needed on rehabilitative care for long-term improvement in the QoL of the affected person.
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Thakur A, Dixit AK, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Sendhil R, Singh .AK. Adoption of food safety practices in the informal milk processing units of Haryana, India – A value chain approach. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sharma AK, Singh D, Mahajan B, Tandon M, Singh H. Prospective Analysis of Role of hsTnT and NT-proBNP in Prediction of Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Neurol India 2021; 69:944-949. [PMID: 34507417 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.323891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy (NSC), also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and an important contributor to morbidity mortality. Objective This prospective observational study assessed whether the high sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) helps in the prediction of NSC after SAH. Methods The consecutive patients with aSAH without any cardiac history were included prospectively over 12 months. Neurological assessment for the grade of SAH (Hunt & Hess and WFNS grade), electrocardiogram, and echocardiography done at admission. The serial measurements of serum hsTnT and NTproBNP for consecutive 7 days done. The NSC is defined as transient hypokinesia of the ventricular wall on echocardiography. Results The study included 69 patients, and 7 (10.1%) were diagnosed with NSC. The NSC had a positive correlation with Hunt and Hess grade (P = 0.010), and the serum levels of hsTnT and NTproBNP were higher in patients with NSC in comparison to without NSC over all 7 days. The peak levels of hsTnT and NTproBNP were significantly higher in patients with cardiomyopathy (P = 0.000 and 0.032, respectively). The best cut-off level of peak hsTnT was 0.032 pg/dl to predict cardiomyopathy with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80%, respectively, and NTproBNP was 430.6 ng/dL with sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion The peak levels of hsTnT and NTproBNP with abnormal ECG and echocardiography at admission help identify NSC in the early phase of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Daljit Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
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Sharma AK, Nymark M, Flo S, Sparstad T, Bones AM, Winge P. Simultaneous knockout of multiple LHCF genes using single sgRNAs and engineering of a high-fidelity Cas9 for precise genome editing in marine algae. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1658-1669. [PMID: 33759354 PMCID: PMC8384595 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA-guided sequence-specific genome editing tool, which has been adopted for single or multiple gene editing in a wide range of organisms. When working with gene families with functional redundancy, knocking out multiple genes within the same family may be required to generate a phenotype. In this study, we tested the possibility of exploiting the known tolerance of Cas9 for mismatches between the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and target site to simultaneously introduce indels in multiple homologous genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. As a proof of concept, we designed two sgRNAs that could potentially target the same six light-harvesting complex (LHC) genes belonging to the LHCF subgroup. Mutations in up to five genes were achieved simultaneously using a previously established CRISPR/Cas9 system for P. tricornutum. A visible colour change was observed in knockout mutants with multiple LHCF lesions. A combination of pigment, LHCF protein and growth analyses was used to further investigate the phenotypic differences between the multiple LHCF mutants and WT. Furthermore, we used the two same sgRNAs in combination with a variant of the existing Cas9 where four amino acids substitutions had been introduced that previously have been shown to increase Cas9 specificity. A significant reduction of off-target editing events was observed, indicating that the altered Cas9 functioned as a high-fidelity (HiFi) Cas9 nuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Sharma
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
- Present address:
The University Centre in SvalbardUNISLongyearbyenNorway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Snorre Flo
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Torfinn Sparstad
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Per Winge
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
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Dwivedi P, Sharma AK, Singh SP. Biochemical properties and repression studies of an alkaline serine protease from a haloalkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei subsp. albirubida OK-14. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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VinodhKumar OR, Karikalan M, Ilayaraja S, Sha AA, Singh BR, Sinha DK, Chandra Mohan S, Pruthvishree BS, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli in rescued Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), India. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:163-170. [PMID: 34041662 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study reports the multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) isolated from rescued sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), India. Non-duplicate faecal samples from 21 adult rescued sloth bears were collected at once during 2015-2016 and processed for isolation of E. coli and antibacterial susceptibility pattern. From 21 samples, 45 E. coli were isolated and on phenotypic screening, 23 were MDR, 17 were ESBL producers, and five were carbapenem-resistant (CR). Three E. coli isolates (6.67%, 3/45) showed no resistance, however 42 isolates (93.33%, 42/45) exhibited resistant to at least one antibiotics. The MDR isolates carried beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluroquinolone, and sulphadimidine resistance genes. All the phenotypic ESBL producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M genes. On genotypic screening, three CRE (60.0%, 3/5) were positive for blaNDM carbapenemase gene and efflux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was detected in two CRE isolates (40.0%, 2/5) which were negative for carbapenemase genes. The CRE isolates (n = 5) also co-harbored AMR genes like blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB and sulI. Virulence screening of the resistant isolates detected the presence of Stx1(n = 1), Stx2 (n = 3), eaeA (n = 4) and hlyA (n = 3) genes. Plasmid incompatibility (Inc) typing revealed that two isolates harboured blaNDM-5 gene on Incl1 and one isolate on IncF plasmid. Apart from the NDM gene, the plasmids also carried tetracycline, beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. The plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) of the E. coli Incl1 plasmid showed the Sequence Type (ST) 297. This appears to be the first report of MDR, ESBL producing and blaNDM-5 genes on Incl1 and IncF plasmids from rescued sloth bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R VinodhKumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun A Sha
- Research &Veterinary Operations, Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Bengaluru, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Chen WH, Cheng CL, Lee KT, Lam SS, Ong HC, Ok YS, Saeidi S, Sharma AK, Hsieh TH. Catalytic level identification of ZSM-5 on biomass pyrolysis and aromatic hydrocarbon formation. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129510. [PMID: 33434827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) is a common catalyst used for biomass pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the quantitative information on the catalytic behavior of ZSM-5 on biomass pyrolysis is absent so far. This study focuses on the catalytic pyrolysis phenomena and mechanisms of biomass wastes using ZSM-5 via thermogravimetric analyzer and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, with particular emphasis on catalytic level identification and aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) formation. Two biomass wastes of sawdust and sorghum distillery residue (SDR) are investigated, while four biomass-to-catalyst ratios are considered. The analysis suggests that biomass waste pyrolysis processes can be divided into three zones, proceeding from a heat-transfer dominant zone (zone 1) to catalysis dominant zones (zones 2 and 3). The indicators of the intensity of difference (IOD), catalytic effective area, catalytic index (CI), and aromatic enhancement index are conducted to measure the catalytic effect of ZSM-5 on biomass waste pyrolysis and AHs formation. The maximum IOD occurs in zone 2, showing the highest intensity of the catalytic effect. The CI values of the two biomass wastes increase with increasing the biomass-to-catalyst ratio. However, there exists a threshold for sawdust pyrolysis, indicating a limit for the catalytic effect on sawdust. The higher the catalyst addition, the higher the AHs proportion in the vapor stream. When the biomass-to-catalyst ratio is 1/10, AHs formation is intensified significantly, especially for sawdust. Overall, the indexes conducted in the present study can provide useful measures to identify the catalytic pyrolysis dynamics and levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Lin Cheng
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Research (Akuatrop) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Samrand Saeidi
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Alternate and Renewable Energy Research, R&D, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres, Building, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tzu-Hsien Hsieh
- Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan, ROC
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Sharma AK. Dual trace inter-pulse interferometer for measurement of phase stability of ultra short laser pulse train. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023001. [PMID: 33648139 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual trace intra-pulse and inter-pulse spatio-spectral interferometer has been set up to study the temporal stability of a ∼200 fs duration laser pulse train from a cw mode-locked laser oscillator. Simultaneous recording of twin interferograms helps identify the phase error in inter-pulse interferograms due to the diagnostic setup kept in a standard laboratory environment. Applicability of inter-pulse tilted pulse-front interferograms has been demonstrated to constitute an alternative inexpensive method for visual detection and estimation of phase slippage and pulse repetition frequency of an ultra short pulse train. The effect of pump beam intensity on the repetition rate of pulses due to accumulated intra-cavity non-linear phase shifts is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Laser Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Sah S, Sharma AK, Singla SK, Singh MK, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Effects of treatment with a microRNA mimic or inhibitor on the developmental competence, quality, epigenetic status and gene expression of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:508-521. [PMID: 31959280 DOI: 10.1071/rd19084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of 13 microRNAs (miRNAs) were compared between buffalo blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer through hand-made cloning and IVF to improve cloning efficiency. Expression of miR-22, miR-145, miR-374a and miR-30c was higher, whereas that of miR-29b, miR-101, miR-302b, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-25 was lower, in nuclear transferred (NT) than IVF embryos; the expression of miR-200b, miR-26a and miR-128 was similar between the two groups. Based on these, miR-145, which is involved in the regulation of pluripotency, was selected for further investigation of NT embryos. miR-145 expression was lowest at the 2-cell stage, increased through the 4-cell stage and was highest at the 8-cell or morula stage in a pattern that was similar between NT and IVF embryos. miR-145 expression was higher in NT than IVF embryos at all stages examined. Treatment of reconstructed embryos 1h after electrofusion with an inhibitor of miR-145 for 1h decreased the apoptotic index and increased the blastocyst rate, total cell number, ratio of cells in the inner cell mass to trophectoderm, global levels of acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 18 and expression of Krueppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) in blastocysts. Treatment with an miR-145 mimic had the opposite effects. In conclusion, treatment of NT embryos with an miR-145 inhibitor improves the developmental competence and quality, and increases histone acetylation and expression of pluripotency-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sah
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - A K Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - S K Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - M K Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - M S Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - R S Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India
| | - P Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Road, Karnal, Haryana, 132001 India; and Corresponding author.
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Kumar D, Gautam YP, Sharma AK, Kumar V, Tripathi AR, Kumar S, Kumar J, Saradhi IV, Kumar AV. Distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentration in soils of two districts (Ballia and Deoria) of Uttar Pradesh, India. Radiat Prot Environ 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bansal P, Margekar SL, Suman V, Sud R, Meena S, Sharma AK, Islam SY, Gurtoo A, Agrawal A, Pangtey GS, Prakash A. Pancreatic Injury in COVID-19 Patients. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:58-60. [PMID: 33247644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 2019) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause multisystem dysfunction. We studied pancreatic injury (serum amylase and serum lipase levels) in COVID-19 patients. METHODS A retrospective study involving 42 COVID-19 patients (diagnosed by real-time PCR) admitted to a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Serum amylase and serum lipase levels were analysed in relation to severity of COVID-19 and mortality. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 50 ± 16 years, with male to female ratio of 3.7:1. Serum amylase was elevated in 14 patients (33%). Serum lipase was elevated in 7 out of 29 patients (24.1%). Mortality was seen in 18 patients (42.8%). Serum amylase or lipase did not correlate with severity of COVID-19 or its mortality. However, both patients who had high lipase (>3times) died. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hyperamylasemia in patients of COVID-19 was 33%, while that of elevated lipase was 24.1%. Pancreatic injury failed to show any statistically significant relation to severity or outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bansal
- Associate Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | | | - Vivek Suman
- Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | - Ritika Sud
- Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | - Shivraj Meena
- Associate Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Associate Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | | | - Anil Gurtoo
- Director Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
| | - Aparna Agrawal
- Director Professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
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V R, Kumar N, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Sharma AK, Kutty M, Singh K, Maiti SK, Mondal DB, Singh KP. Mesenchymal stem cell tailored bioengineered scaffolds derived from bubaline diaphragm and aortic matrices for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1763-1778. [PMID: 32931632 DOI: 10.1002/term.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered scaffolds derived from the decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from discarded animal organs and tissues are attractive candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Tailoring these scaffolds with stem cells enhances their regeneration potential making them a suitable platform for regenerating damaged tissues. Thus, the study was designed to investigate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells tailored acellular bubaline diaphragm and aortic ECM for the repair of full-thickness abdominal wall defects in a rabbit model. Tissues obtained from bubaline diaphragm and aorta were decellularized and bioengineered by seeding with rabbit bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (r-BMSC). Full-thickness abdominal wall defects of 3 cm × 4 cm size were created in a rabbit model and repaired using five different prostheses, namely, polypropylene sheet, nonseeded diaphragm ECM, nonseeded aorta ECM, r-BMSC bioengineered diaphragm ECM, and r-BMSC bioengineered aorta ECM. Results from the study revealed that biological scaffolds are superior in comparison to synthetic polymer mesh for regeneration in terms of collagen deposition, maturation, neovascularization, and lack of any significant (P > 0.05) adhesions with the abdominal viscera. Seeding with r-BMSC significantly increased (P < 0.05) the collagen deposition and biomechanical strength of the scaffolds. The bioengineered r-BMSC seeded acellular bubaline diaphragm showed even superior biomechanical strength as compared to synthetic polymer mesh. Tailoring of the scaffolds with the r-BMSC also resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.01) in antibody and cell mediated immune reactions to the xenogeneic scaffolds in rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya V
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammed Kutty
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kiranjeet Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D B Mondal
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K P Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chauhan RP, Kumari A, Nehra AK, Ram H, Garg R, Banerjee PS, Karikalan M, Sharma AK. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Sarcocystis suihominis infecting domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in India. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3347-3357. [PMID: 32833051 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 57 tissue samples of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were collected from the meat outlets of five north Indian states and examined for sarcocystosis by histological and molecular methods. The genomic DNA extracted from five representative positive isolates was subjected to PCR amplification of the partial 18S rRNA gene followed by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the newly generated Indian isolates recorded 96.9-100.0% identity with published sequences of Sarcocystis suihominis. Two new haplotypes that have not been previously described manifested 99.5-100.0% nucleotide homology within themselves. In the phylogenetic analysis, Indian isolates of S. suihominis grouped together with S. suihominis originating from Italy, and they collectively formed a sister clade with Sarcocystis miescheriana within a clade containing various Sarcocystis spp. of ruminants having felids as final hosts. At the same time, this clade separated from a sister clade containing Sarcocystis spp. of bovid or cervid ruminants using canids as known or surmised definitive host. The current study established the phylogenetic relationship of Indian isolates of S. suihominis with various Sarcocystis spp. as well as with other taxa of Sarcocystidae family based on 18S rRNA gene for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pratap Chauhan
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Ansu Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nehra
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Hira Ram
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
| | - Rajat Garg
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - P S Banerjee
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
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Sharma AK, Thulasi Doss GP, Panneerselvam E, Ganesh SK, Krishna Kumar Raja VB. Use of knotless barbed sutures for closure of intraoral incisions for maxillofacial trauma: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:e72-e78. [PMID: 33384176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of knotless barbed sutures in intraoral wound closure for maxillofacial trauma in comparison with conventional (vicryl) sutures. This was a randomised controlled clinical trial involving 40 patients with isolated mandibular angle fractures who required intraoral incisions for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The sample was randomised into the study group (20 patients) and control group (20 patients). Following fracture fixation by a standardised surgical protocol, the wound closure was done with bidirectional knotless barbed suture and vicryl for the study and control groups, respectively. The wounds were closed in layers (periosteum and mucosa). All operations were performed by a single surgeon. Outcome parameters measured were intraoperative wound closure time and wound healing using 'Landry's wound healing index' on the first, third, and seventh postoperative days. Statistically significant difference in suturing time was noted between the study and control group (p value <0.001). The study group demonstrated a mean (SD) suturing time of 9.46 (2.01) minutes, compared with the 17.61 (2.57) minutes in the control group. Wound healing was found to be better and statistically significant in the study group than the control group (p value<0.001). Knotless barbed suture is a promising alternative to vicryl for intraoral wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - G P Thulasi Doss
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - E Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
| | - S K Ganesh
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai.
| | - V B Krishna Kumar Raja
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Chennai
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Dravid A, Betha TP, Sharma AK, Gawali R, Mahajan U, Kulkarni M, Saraf C, Kore S, Dravid M, Rathod N. Efficacy and safety of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, lamivudine 300 mg and efavirenz 400 mg as a switch strategy in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected subjects on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India. HIV Med 2020; 21:578-587. [PMID: 33021066 PMCID: PMC7539943 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) estimates, there are 2.1 million people living with HIV (PWH) in India, of whom 1.2 million are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study explored the use of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg + lamivudine 300 mg + efavirenz 400 mg (TLE400 STR) as a first-line switch strategy in PWH in Pune, India. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in private sector ART clinics in three tertiary-level hospitals in Pune, India. PWH > 12 years of age (n = 502) who initiated first-line ART (predominantly TLE600 STR), completed ≥ 6 months of follow-up and achieved virological suppression [plasma viral load (VL) < 1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL] were identified and switched to TLE400 STR. The virological and immunological efficacy of TLE400 STR at 6 and 12 months of follow-up were noted. Grade 3/4 adverse events (especially efavirenz-related neuropsychiatric adverse events) leading to regimen discontinuation were also noted. RESULTS Of 502 PWH who switched to TLE400 STR, complete virological suppression (VL < 20 copies/mL) was maintained in more than 97% of patients at follow-up. TLE400 STR was successful in maintaining CD4 counts within the range observed at the start of the regimen. Grade 3/4 adverse events leading to TLE400 STR discontinuation were seen in 11 (2.2%) patients. Virological failure (VL > 1000 copies/mL) and treatment regimen failure were seen in six (1.2%) and 49 (9.8%) subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TLE400 STR exhibits excellent efficacy and safety as a switch strategy and should be introduced in the Indian National ART Program, especially for PWH who are virologically suppressed on TLE600 STR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dravid
- Department of Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Medicine, Noble Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - T P Betha
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Gawali
- Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Mahajan
- Department of Biostatistics, VMK Diagnostics Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Saraf
- Department of Pathology, VMK Diagnostics Private Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Kore
- Department of Dermatology, Ashwini Sahakari Rugnalaya and Research Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Dravid
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rathod
- Department of Medicine, Apex Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma AK, Joseph M, Climans SA. Isolated Leptomeningeal Recurrence of Multiple Myeloma. Neurohospitalist 2020; 11:87-88. [PMID: 33868566 DOI: 10.1177/1941874420937562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariamma Joseph
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seth A Climans
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rakesh CR, Sharma AK, Pathak N, Gahlot GPS. Primary malignant melanoma of the gastroesophageal junction: A rare and unusual disease. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 77:367-370. [PMID: 34305293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, an aggressive tumor of skin, is also seen rarely in extra cutaneous sites like the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Primary melanoma of the GIT by itself is a rare tumor; often metastatic at presentation and if found non-metastatic, it is rarely resectable. We are reporting a histopathologically confirmed case of primary malignant melanoma affecting the 'gastroesophageal junction', which we operated on.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rakesh
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Nishant Pathak
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & GI Surgeon), Military Hospital Jaipur, India
| | - G P S Gahlot
- Classified Specialist (Pathology & Oncopath), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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Choudhary R, Sharma AK. Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 35:100684. [PMID: 32322397 PMCID: PMC7175902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarming situation has been caused due to the emergence of COVID-19 infection around the world. There is an urgency of developing a therapeutic strategy in order to control the spread of COVID-19. Towards that initiative, potential drugs like hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin have been tested by diverse group of researchers worldwide for their potential against novel coronavirus. The present report presents together the comprehensive knowledge derived from the major researches about the above drugs altogether in context of the current health emergency around the world. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were known to act by creating the acidic environment and inhibiting the importin (IMPα/β1) mediated viral import. Azithromycin was found to act similar to the hydroxychloroquine as an acidotropic lipophilic weak base. All the three categories of drugs seemed to potentially act against novel coronavirus infection. However, their efficacies need to be studied in detail individually and in combination in-vivo in order to combat COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala Haryana, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala Haryana, India
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Neha Sawhney, Kumar M, Sharma AK, Sharma M. Molecular Interactions of Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug Dolonex in Aqueous Solutions of L-Alanine/L-Valine at Different Temperatures: Viscometric Approach. Russ J Phys Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sharma S, Singh M, Sharma S, Singh J, Sharma AK, Sharma M. Molecular interactions of L-Histidine in aqueous ionic liquid [C4mim][BF4] solution at different temperatures: Volumetric, acoustic and viscometric approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sharma AK, Kikani BA, Singh SP. Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:680-696. [PMID: 32145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes purification strategies, biochemical properties and thermodynamic analysis of an alkaline serine protease from a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18. The solvent tolerance, broad thermal-pH stability, favourable kinetics and thermodynamics suggest stability of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was active in the range of pH 7-12 and 37-90 °C, optimally at pH 9 and 70 °C. The deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t½), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), activation energy (E) and change in free energy (ΔG*) suggested stability and spontaneity of the reaction. β-Sheets as revealed by the Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, were the major elements in the secondary structure of the enzyme, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of amide I and amide II. Based on the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, the amino acid sequence had only 38% similarity with other proteases of Nocardiopsis strains, suggesting its novelty. The Ramachandran Plot revealed the location of the amino acid residues in the most favored region. The blood de-staining, gelatin hydrolysis, silver recovery and deproteinization of crab shells established the biotechnological potential of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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Moe HW, Sharma S, Sharma AK. An evaluation of medication appropriateness in pregnant women with coexisting illness in a tertiary care hospital. Perspect Clin Res 2019; 12:21-26. [PMID: 33816205 PMCID: PMC8011518 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_22_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Prescribing drugs during pregnancy needs careful consideration of benefit to the mother and risk to the fetus. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of medications among pregnant women with coexisting illness in a tertiary care hospital, Western India. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months wherein data from 800 pregnant women suffering from any co-existing illness and being prescribed any medication apart from routine supplementation were analyzed. The Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) was used to assess the appropriateness of medications. Higher MAI scores indicate more inappropriate prescribing. Results: Drugs which were most inappropriately prescribed with the highest average MAI scores were albendazole, itraconazole, injection amikacin, oxcarbazepine, warfarin, domperidone, propylthiouracil, and combiflam (ibuprofen + paracetamol). Diseases with the highest average MAI scores were anemia, Grave's disease, umbilical hernia, urinary tract infection, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and preeclampsia. The MAI criteria which had the highest percentage of inappropriately prescribed medications were “cost of drugs,” “duration of therapy,” and “indication.” Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate prescribing was seen in the study with some of the common coexisting illness being treated with drugs which fared poorly on the MAI. The study has also highlighted areas in drug prescribing where scope for improvement exists. Further, it can act as a benchmark for comparison of future studies to evaluate medication appropriateness in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Wai Moe
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Somkuwar RG, Sharma AK, Kambale N, Banerjee K, Bhange MA, Oulkar DP. Volatome finger printing of red wines made from grapes grown under tropical conditions of India using thermal-desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). J Food Sci Technol 2019; 57:1119-1130. [PMID: 32123433 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the key characters of aroma composition in diversified red wines (Cinsaut, Grenache, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Nielluccio, Tempranillo, Syrah, Merlot and Caladoc). Out of hundreds of volatile compounds 64 compounds were considered for study. Different groups consisting of fatty acids, volatile alcohols, aldehydes, esters, volatile phenols and terpenes were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with thermal desorption (TD-GC-MS). Among all these diversified classes, alcohols were found as the most dominant group followed by esters and acids whereas aldehydes, phenols and terpenes were found to be minor compounds. Among the varieties, Nielluccio wine recorded highest concentration of total volatile compounds (191.53 mg/L) while, it was least in Caladoc wines (15.45 mg/L). The principal component analysis clearly differentiated Grenache wines based on their relationships between scores and their aroma composition followed by Nielluccio and Cinsuat wines. Out of sixty four compounds, only six aromatic compounds viz. butanediol, isoamyl actate, γ-Terpene, butanol, acetic acid and furfural have satisfying aroma descriptors with floral and fruity nuances and contribute to differentiate the Grenache wines from other varieties which have similar scores in PC1 analysis. The cluster analysis also suggested that the wines in the same group (Cinsaut, Tempranillo and Syrah), (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Caladoc and Merlot) and (Nielluccio and Petit Verdot) had similar aroma characterization. Grenache wines were well differentiated from the sub group formed by other red varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Somkuwar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - Narayan Kambale
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | | | - M A Bhange
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
| | - D P Oulkar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 India
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Manhas M, Mittal S, Sharma AK, Gupta KK, Pathania V, Thakur V. Biological approach in repair of partially inflamed dental pulp using second-generation platelet-rich fibrin and mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulp medicament in primary molars. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:399-404. [PMID: 31710016 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_133_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically PRF, MTA and Ca(OH)2 as a pulp dressing material in primary molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 30 children between 6-9 years of age. Pulpotomy was performed using MTA(Gp I), PRF + MTA(Gp II) and PRF +Ca(OH)2(Group III). The teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 1,3 and 6 months and were subjected to statistics analysis. RESULTS After 6 months follow-up the overall success rate was found to be highest in Gp I with success rate of 97% followed by Gp II 95% and Gp III 78.3%. The results were found to be statistically insignificant (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION All materials used in the present study were equally effective as the success rates are statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manhas
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Mittal
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - K K Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Pathania
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharma K, Gupta KK, Gaur A, Sharma AK, Pathania V, Thakur VB. A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children in district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:339-344. [PMID: 31710007 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_95_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children of district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total sample of 2859 children aged between 2 and 6 years were selected from various parts of district Mandi. The status of dental caries and decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score was recorded. RESULTS ECC increased significantly with age. Boys had significantly higher caries prevalence and mean DMFT score as compared to girls. Children who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence and mean DMFT score. Children aged 3-6 years who brushed their teeth twice daily had the least prevalence of dental caries as well as DMFT score when compared to children with one time and no brushing. CONCLUSION The early identification of poor oral hygiene and improper feeding habits should be considered in preventive health promotion in low socioeconomic communities of district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - K K Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Pathania
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V B Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College, Himachal Pradesh University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharma AK, Tiwari J, Jaiswal D, Singh S, Singh J, Singh J. Organophotoredox Catalysis: Visible-light-induced Multicomponent Synthesis of Chromeno[4, 3-b]chromene and Hexahydro-1H-xanthene Derivatives. COCAT 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337206666190306154327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:In recent years, photoredox catalysis using eosin Y has gained considerable significance in organic chemistry. It is evolving as a powerful approach in modern organic synthesis for the activation of small molecules.Objective:The use of organic dyes to convert visible light into chemical energy by involving a single-electron transfer with organic substrates has innumerable applications.Method and Results:The present strategy is the first example of visible light promoted, aerobic, oxidative cyclization of chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes and hexahydro-1H-xanthenes via the formation of C–O and C–C bonds to afford excellent yield of the products in a simple one-pot operation under mild reaction conditions.Conclusion:The major advantages of the present methodology include short reaction time, cost effectiveness, easy work-up, broad substrate scope and high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Sharma
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Jyoti Tiwari
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Deepali Jaiswal
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, LRPG College, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-201005, India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
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Singh UB, Malviya D, Singh S, Kumar M, Sahu PK, Singh HV, Kumar S, Roy M, Imran M, Rai JP, Sharma AK, Saxena AK. Trichoderma harzianum- and Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Through Enhanced Phenylpropanoid Activities in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1697. [PMID: 31417511 PMCID: PMC6685482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501- and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L-1) inhibits the germination of B. sorokiniana spores under controlled laboratory conditions. To assess the effect of MeJA (150 mg L-1) in combination with the biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in vivo, a green house experiment was conducted. For this, biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was applied as seed treatment, whereas MeJA (150 mg L-1) was applied 5 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Results indicated that application of MeJA (150 mg L-1) did not affect the root colonization of wheat by T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in the rhizosphere. The combined application of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and MeJA also enhanced indole acetic acid production in the rhizosphere (4.92 μg g-1 of soil) which in turn helps in plant growth and development. Further, the combined application found to enhance the activities of defense related enzymes viz. catalase (5.92 EU min-1 g-1 fresh wt.), ascorbate peroxidase [μmol ascorbate oxidized (mg prot)-1 min-1], phenylalanine ammonia lyase (102.25 μmol cinnamic acid h-1 mg-1 fresh wt.) and peroxidase (6.95 Unit mg-1 min-1 fresh wt.) significantly in the plants under treatment which was further confirmed by assessing the transcript level of PAL and peroxidase genes using semi-quantitative PCR approach. The results showed manifold increase in salicylic acid (SA) along with enhanced accumulation of total free phenolics, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the plants treated with the biocontrol agent alone or in combination with MeJA. A significant decrease in the disease severity (17.46%) and area under disease progress curve (630.32) were also observed in the treatments with biocontrol agent and MeJA in combination as compared to B. sorokiniana alone treated plant (56.95% and 945.50, respectively). Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid cascades in response to exogenous application of MeJA and the biocontrol agent was observed. It was depicted from the results that PAL is the primary route for lignin production in wheat which reduces cell wall disruption and tissue disintegration and increases suberization and lignification of the plant cell as seen by Scanning Electron microphotographs. These results clearly indicated that exogenous application of MeJA with T. harzianum inducing JA- and/or SA-dependent defense signaling after pathogen challenge may increase the resistance to spot blotch by stimulating enzymatic activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in a cooperative manner. This study apparently provides the evidence of biochemical cross-talk and physiological responses in wheat following MeJA and biocontrol agent treatment during the bio-trophic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Pramod K Sahu
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - H V Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manish Roy
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Jai P Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology (Krishi Vigyan Kendra), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - A K Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
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Ravi VM, Sharma AK, Arunachalam K. Pre-Clinical Testing of Microwave Radiometer and a Pilot Study on the Screening Inflammation of Knee Joints. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:402-411. [PMID: 31310336 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the pre-clinical evaluation of our custom-built, single-band microwave radiometer centered at 1.3 GHz for deep tissue thermometry, and a pilot study on volunteers for passive detection of inflammation in knee joints. The electromagnetic (EM) compatibility of the battery-operated radiometer for clinical use was assessed as per International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) 22 standard. The ability to detect inflammation in knee joints was assessed using a substrate integrated waveguide antenna connected to the radiometer. EM compatibility tests carried out in the laboratory indicated device immunity to intentional radiated interference up to -20 dBm injected power in the global system for mobile communication frequency band, and pre-compliance to CISPR 22 standard. Radiometer temperature measurements recorded at the lateral and medial aspects of both knees of 41 volunteers indicated mean temperature greater than 33°C for the diseased sites compared with the mean temperature of 28°C measured for the healthy sites. One-way analysis of variance statistics indicated significantly (P < 0.005) higher radiometer temperature at the diseased sites unlike the healthy sites. Thus, the EM pre-compliance of the device and the potential to measure deep tissue inflammation were demonstrated. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:402-411. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyalakshmi M Ravi
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Institute Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kavitha Arunachalam
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Sharma AK, Fridman S, Gleichgerrcht E, Sposato LA. Dystextia and dystypia as modern stroke symptoms: A case series and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 180:25-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jafri A, Bano S, Rais J, Khan F, Shivnath N, Sharma AK, Arshad M. Phytochemical screening of Sterculia foetida seed extract for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activity, and detection of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, and nuclear fragmentation in human osteosarcoma cells. J Histotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1592832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabana Bano
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juhi Rais
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - AK Sharma
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dhakan DB, Maji A, Sharma AK, Saxena R, Pulikkan J, Grace T, Gomez A, Scaria J, Amato KR, Sharma VK. The unique composition of Indian gut microbiome, gene catalogue, and associated fecal metabolome deciphered using multi-omics approaches. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz004. [PMID: 30698687 PMCID: PMC6394208 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic studies carried out in the past decade have led to an enhanced understanding of the gut microbiome in human health; however, the Indian gut microbiome has not been well explored. We analyzed the gut microbiome of 110 healthy individuals from two distinct locations (North-Central and Southern) in India using multi-omics approaches, including 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and metabolomic profiling of fecal and serum samples. RESULTS The gene catalogue established in this study emphasizes the uniqueness of the Indian gut microbiome in comparison to other populations. The gut microbiome of the cohort from North-Central India, which was primarily consuming a plant-based diet, was found to be associated with Prevotella and also showed an enrichment of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways. In contrast, the gut microbiome of the cohort from Southern India, which was consuming an omnivorous diet, showed associations with Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Faecalibacterium and had an enrichment of short chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and BCAA transporters. This corroborated well with the metabolomics results, which showed higher concentration of BCAAs in the serum metabolome of the North-Central cohort and an association with Prevotella. In contrast, the concentration of BCAAs was found to be higher in the fecal metabolome of the Southern-India cohort and showed a positive correlation with the higher abundance of BCAA transporters. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the unique composition of the Indian gut microbiome, establishes the Indian gut microbial gene catalogue, and compares it with the gut microbiome of other populations. The functional associations revealed using metagenomic and metabolomic approaches provide novel insights on the gut-microbe-metabolic axis, which will be useful for future epidemiological and translational researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Dhakan
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - A Maji
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - R Saxena
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - J Pulikkan
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye Post, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - T Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye Post, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, KS 66506, USA
| | - A Gomez
- Microbiomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Minnesota, MN 55108, USA
| | - J Scaria
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, SD 57007, USA
| | - K R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, Illinois, IL 60208, USA
| | - V K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Bhatt M, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Yadav AK, Kumar A, Gupta V, Chander V, Mathesh K, Chandramohan S, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Gandham RK, Baig M, Singh RP, Singh RK. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene deciphering a new genetically distinct lineage of canine distemper virus circulating among domestic dogs in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1252-1267. [PMID: 30725534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is one of the highly contagious and invariably fatal viral diseases of dogs and other carnivores. Despite the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control CD, the prevalence of disease has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Although a number of factors may be ascribed for vaccine failure, antigenic differences among the vaccine and wild-type strains have gained the interest of researchers. Considering the high genetic variability of haemagglutinin gene (H gene) and its role in eliciting the immune response to canine distemper virus (CDV), we have generated nine full-length CDV H gene sequences from infected dogs including three vaccinated cases. Bayesian analysis was performed using 102 full-length H gene nucleotide sequences over a time frame of 76 years (1940-2016) from 18 countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CDV was estimated to be 1696 AD. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Indian wild-type viruses into a distinct monophyletic group clearly separated from the previously established CDV lineages. This signifies the presence of a novel genetic variant (proposed as "Lineage India-1/Asia-5") circulating among dog population in India. To investigate the importance of substitutions at amino acid residues 530 and 549 of CDV H protein in determining the host switches from canid to non-canid hosts, we analysed 125 H gene sequences including nine sequences generated in this study. Selection pressure analysis and analysis of amino acid sequences revealed a trend towards adaptation of 549H variants in non-canid hosts although no role of G/E530R/D/N substitution could be identified. This is the first comprehensive study about the nature and ecology of CDV circulating among dog population in India. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals as observed in this study have raised a concern towards the effectiveness of current vaccine strains warranting detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chandramohan
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - M Sankar
- TAH Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - R K Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Baig
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Kumar A, Shekhar S, Sarkar A, Sharma AK. A process-based insight to the recent disappearance of streams in the central part of Tarai region, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:66. [PMID: 30637525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integrated study of geomorphology and hydrogeology could be significant in predicting and assessing the groundwater environment of ecologically sensitive terrains such as the Tarai region in North India. In this article, we integrate topographic elevation, stream network, water level data, and input and output stresses acting on the aquifer to understand the hydrological processes and linkages between groundwater dynamics and geomorphic elements in Rudrapur sub-division of Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand in the central part of Tarai region. The study area was selected on account of the fact that the Rudrapur area of late has witnessed rapid agricultural growth, urbanization, and industrialization. It has been observed that primarily, water table elevations are controlled by the topography of the region. Further, the groundwater abstraction has increased with time; however, except in urbanized sectors, the water level does not show any significant decline. This has been attributed to increased recharge. Prima facie, it appears to be ecologically balanced. However, in a temporal framework, it was observed that over the years, a few streams have disappeared to compensate for enhanced groundwater abstraction. The article explains the underlying hydrological processes behind the disappearance of streams with help of schematic diagrams. It also put forward reasons for the persistence of shallow water level in parts of the study area. It suggests for preservation of the waterways of disappeared streams as possible sites for remedial measures like check dams etc. if required in future on account of over-exploitation of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Aditya Sarkar
- Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
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Agrawal V, Sharma AK, Lal A, Choudhury A, Chatterjee P, Ganguly MVSM. Penetrating abdominal injuries due to firearms in combat zone – Single center experience. J Mar Med Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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