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Jat RS, Choudhary RL, Singh HV, Meena MK, Singh VV, Rai PK. Sustainability, productivity, profitability and soil health with conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of oilseed brassica production system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13366. [PMID: 34183693 PMCID: PMC8239048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are getting space world-wide to answer many emerging challenges like; declining factor productivity, deteriorating soil health, water scarcity, climate change, and farm profitability and sustainability. Oilseed brassica (Indian mustard, Brassica juncea L.), a winter oilseed grown under rainfed agro-ecosystem is vulnerable to low yields, high production cost, degrading soil and water quality, and climatic vagaries. The present study was undertaken on CA-based sustainable intensification of Indian mustard for enhancing inputs efficiencies, farm profitability and sustainability. Permanent beds with residue retention (PB + R) improved mustard equivalent yield (11.4%) and system grain yield (10.6%) compared with conventional tillage without residue (CT − R). Maize–mustard rotation (Mz–M) increased system grain yield (142.9%) as well as mustard equivalent yield (60.7%) compared with fallow-mustard (F-M). Mz–M system under PB + R increased sustainable yield index (376.5%), production efficiency (177.2%), economic efficiency (94%) and irrigation water productivity (66%) compared with F-M under CT − R. PB + R increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at 0–15 cm (17.7%) and 15–30 cm (29.5%) soil depth compared with CT − R. Addition of green gram in rotation with mustard improved SOC at 0–15 cm (27.4%) and 15–30 cm (20.5%) compared with F-M system. CA-based cluster bean-mustard/GG-M system increased N productivity, whereas, P and K productivity improved with Mz–M system compared with F-M under CT − R. Thus, CA-based Mz–M system should be out-scaled in the traditional rainfed fallow-mustard system to improve the farm production and income on holistic basis to make the country self-sufficient in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Jat
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R L Choudhary
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - H V Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V V Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - P K Rai
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
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Singh UB, Malviya D, Singh S, Kumar M, Sahu PK, Singh HV, Kumar S, Roy M, Imran M, Rai JP, Sharma AK, Saxena AK. Trichoderma harzianum- and Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Through Enhanced Phenylpropanoid Activities in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1697. [PMID: 31417511 PMCID: PMC6685482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501- and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L-1) inhibits the germination of B. sorokiniana spores under controlled laboratory conditions. To assess the effect of MeJA (150 mg L-1) in combination with the biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in vivo, a green house experiment was conducted. For this, biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was applied as seed treatment, whereas MeJA (150 mg L-1) was applied 5 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Results indicated that application of MeJA (150 mg L-1) did not affect the root colonization of wheat by T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in the rhizosphere. The combined application of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and MeJA also enhanced indole acetic acid production in the rhizosphere (4.92 μg g-1 of soil) which in turn helps in plant growth and development. Further, the combined application found to enhance the activities of defense related enzymes viz. catalase (5.92 EU min-1 g-1 fresh wt.), ascorbate peroxidase [μmol ascorbate oxidized (mg prot)-1 min-1], phenylalanine ammonia lyase (102.25 μmol cinnamic acid h-1 mg-1 fresh wt.) and peroxidase (6.95 Unit mg-1 min-1 fresh wt.) significantly in the plants under treatment which was further confirmed by assessing the transcript level of PAL and peroxidase genes using semi-quantitative PCR approach. The results showed manifold increase in salicylic acid (SA) along with enhanced accumulation of total free phenolics, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the plants treated with the biocontrol agent alone or in combination with MeJA. A significant decrease in the disease severity (17.46%) and area under disease progress curve (630.32) were also observed in the treatments with biocontrol agent and MeJA in combination as compared to B. sorokiniana alone treated plant (56.95% and 945.50, respectively). Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid cascades in response to exogenous application of MeJA and the biocontrol agent was observed. It was depicted from the results that PAL is the primary route for lignin production in wheat which reduces cell wall disruption and tissue disintegration and increases suberization and lignification of the plant cell as seen by Scanning Electron microphotographs. These results clearly indicated that exogenous application of MeJA with T. harzianum inducing JA- and/or SA-dependent defense signaling after pathogen challenge may increase the resistance to spot blotch by stimulating enzymatic activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in a cooperative manner. This study apparently provides the evidence of biochemical cross-talk and physiological responses in wheat following MeJA and biocontrol agent treatment during the bio-trophic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Pramod K Sahu
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - H V Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Manish Roy
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Jai P Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology (Krishi Vigyan Kendra), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - A K Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
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Meena MD, Yadav RK, Narjary B, Yadav G, Jat HS, Sheoran P, Meena MK, Antil RS, Meena BL, Singh HV, Singh Meena V, Rai PK, Ghosh A, Moharana PC. Municipal solid waste (MSW): Strategies to improve salt affected soil sustainability: A review. Waste Manag 2019; 84:38-53. [PMID: 30691912 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt-induced soil degradation is a serious threat to global agriculture which is responsible for diminished productivity of agro-ecosystems. Irrigation with poor quality water and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop productivity creates salt accumulation in soil profile thereby reducing crop sustainability. High concentration of salts in soil inhibits plant growth due to low osmotic potential of the soil solution, ion toxicity and imbalance reduces nutrient uptake, crop yields. Low productivity of saline soils is not only due to salt toxicity or excess amounts of soluble salts but also lack of available mineral nutrients especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil organic matter. Hence, sustainable management of salt-affected soils are paramount importance to meet the demands of food grain production for an ever-rising population in the world. Recently, municipal solid waste has gained importance as an organic amendment for restoring soil fertility and finally contributing to productivity of salt-affected soils. This paper compares extant waste generation, their properties and standards pertinent to municipal solid waste in different countries and explores the unique recent history in some countries that shows high environmental regard and rapid changes and also suggests policy experiencing from high environmental regard and rapid changes from other countries, so that policy makers can propose new or revise current municipal solid waste standards for salt affected soils. Municipal solid waste compost improves soil biological, physical and chemical properties because of high soil organic matter and lower concentration of pollutants. Therefore, the use of municipal solid waste in salt-affected soils could be an alternative to costly chemical amendments as well as reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers for increasing productivity of salt-affected soil. The municipal solid wastes significantly improve crop yields. However, further long-term experimental investigations are needed to re-validate the application of municipal solid waste compost in improving physical, chemical and biological properties and to step up organic fertilization use in a wide range of both saline and sodic soils. In future, research should be directed to address these issues globally to minimise ecological disturbances and to set environmental standards, and evaluate the feasibility of the policies in different countries and their impact on socio-economic conditions of local people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India.
| | - R K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - B Narjary
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Gajender Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - H S Jat
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - P Sheoran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - M K Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India
| | - R S Antil
- Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B L Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India
| | - H V Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Singh Meena
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora 263601, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - P K Rai
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Division of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P C Moharana
- NBSS and LUP, Regional Centre, University Campus, Bhora Ganeshji Road, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
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Shrivastava AK, Singh HV, Raizada A, Singh SK, Pandey A, Singh N, Yadav DS, Sharma H. Inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:81-7. [PMID: 24656623 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the consequence of a persistent imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mechanisms, leading to chronic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether the high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cytokines are elevated in RA patients and to investigate the relationship between these markers and disease activity in RA, measured by disease activity score 28 (DAS28). METHODS We studied 110 RA patients according to American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for RA, and 55 controls matched by age and sex. Serum levels of hs-CRP and cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated and correlated with the DAS28. Serum hs-CRP was assayed immunoturbidimetrically and cytokines were analysed by commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS We found that RA patients had significantly higher levels of serum hs-CRP (p<0.001), IL-6 (p<0.001), TNF-α (p<0.001), and IL-10 (p<0.01) as compared to healthy controls. hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α correlated positively (p<0.001) and IL-10 correlated negatively (p<0.01) with DAS28. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that RA patients have high levels of inflammatory markers, and these levels are correlated with the DAS28. These findings suggest a possible role of these markers in the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these biomarkers can be used as markers of disease activity in the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad 121001, India.
| | - H V Singh
- Biochemist, Department of Pathology, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A Raizada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior 474009, India
| | - A Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar 384315, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior 474009, India
| | - D S Yadav
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - H Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi 110007, India
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Singh HV. Toxic effects of HgCl2 on the growth and oogonium formation in Oedogonium hatei. Microbios 2002; 106 Suppl 1:51-6. [PMID: 11549240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mercuric chloride on the germination and growth of swarmers and subsequent induction of oogonia was studied in Oedogonium hatei Kam. (Oedogoniales, Chorophyceae). HgCl2 within the concentration range of 0.01 to 1.0 mg/l produced a progressive increase in the initiation of germination and reduction in the growth of the alga. The percentage of oogonia formed, and mature oogonia developed, decreased linearly with a rise in the concentrations of HgCl2 employed. The results showed that 1 mg/l HgCl2 was highly toxic to the growth and/or multiplication of zoospores and further development of sexual structures in O. hatei. The germination of zoospores and growth of germlings were so severely affected that induction of oogonia remained completely inhibited at 1 mg/l HgCl2. Moreover, 2 mg/l of HgCl2 was lethal to the asexual zoospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Singh
- Department of Botany, S.G.R. Post Graduate College, Dobhi, Jaunpur, India
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Singh HV, Chaudhary BR. Toxicity of CuSo4 for growth and oogonium formation inOedogonium hatei. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02898765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaudhary BR, Singh HV. Influence of certain environmental factors on spore germination and spore differentiation inPithophora oedogonia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02877223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chaudhary BR, Singh HV. Effects of mercuric chloride on akinete germination and sporulation inPithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock (Cladophorales, Chlorophyceae). J Basic Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620260102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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