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Jeewon R, Pudaruth SB, Bhoyroo V, Aullybux AA, Rajeshkumar KC, Alrefaei AF. Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Cinnamon, Cloves, Melia azedarach L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Infected Vegetables in Mauritius. Pathogens 2024; 13:436. [PMID: 38921734 PMCID: PMC11206713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium species, a group of economically destructive phytopathogens, are poorly studied in Mauritius where agriculture holds much significance. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of organic farming has prompted interest in alternatives to chemical fungicides. METHODS After gaining an overview of Fusarium prevalence in Mauritius fields through a survey, the pathogen was isolated from infected crops and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Methanol and water extracts were then prepared from Melia azedarach, Ocimum gratissimum, cinnamon and cloves before determining their phytochemical profiles. Additionally, the antioxidant and antifungal effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts were assessed. RESULTS The isolate was confirmed as Fusarium oxysporum, and cloves inhibited its growth by up to 100%, especially at 60 and 90 g/L, with the results being significantly higher than those of the synthetic fungicide mancozeb. Over 50% inhibition was also noted for cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum, and these effects could be linked to the flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids in the extracts. CONCLUSION This study presented the aqueous extracts of cloves, cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum as potential alternatives to chemical fungicides. It also confirmed the prevalence of Fusarium infection in Mauritius fields, thereby highlighting the need for additional studies on the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Shaan B. Pudaruth
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Aadil Ahmad Aullybux
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Gupta S, Pathak B, Ravi RK. Biodegradation of Naphthalene Using Biosurfactant Producing Fusarium proliferatum WC416 Isolated from Refinery Effluent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2549-2565. [PMID: 36689160 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene is one of the priority pollutants in the environment which can effectively managed through bioremediation approach. Here fungal remediation of PAHs may be cost-effective technology. In present research study, biodegradation of naphthalene at varying concentrations in laboratory scale was investigated using Fusarium proliferatum WC416 isolated from refinery effluent. Degradation of naphthalene was computed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography -mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results show that Fusarium proliferatum WC416 has effectively degraded the naphthalene to salicylamide and salicylic acid. The highest degradation achieved was 83% for the concentration of 100 ppm followed 74% and 63% for the concentration of 250 ppm and 500 ppm respectively. The intermediates confirmed by GC-MS were salicylic acid (m/z identification 138) and salicylamide (m/z identification 137). During the study, fungal growth, COD, pH, and surface tension have been monitored, which show the continuous variation that indicates progressive biodegradation of naphthalene. The qualitative assessment of extracellular enzymes shows positive activity for lipase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase. The present study also assessed the biosurfactant production by fungus which was characterized as sophorolipid in nature. The study suggests that Fusarium proliferatum WC416 would be an efficient degrader of naphthalene for environmental clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gupta
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhawana Pathak
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Raman Kumar Ravi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Zen Health Services, Gurugram, Haryana- 122003, India
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3
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Wu L, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE, Fredua-Agyeman R, Oh SH, Bélanger RR, Wally O, Kim YM. Pathogenicity, Host Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Fusarium Species under Controlled Conditions from Soybean in Canada. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:303. [PMID: 38786658 PMCID: PMC11122035 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are commonly associated with the root rot complex of soybean (Glycine max). Previous surveys identified six common Fusarium species from Manitoba, including F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum, F. solani, F. avenaceum, and F. acuminatum. This study aimed to determine their pathogenicity, assess host resistance, and evaluate the genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. isolated from Canada. The pathogenicity of these species was tested on two soybean cultivars, 'Akras' (moderately resistant) and 'B150Y1' (susceptible), under greenhouse conditions. The aggressiveness of the fungal isolates varied, with root rot severities ranging from 1.5 to 3.3 on a 0-4 scale. Subsequently, the six species were used to screen a panel of 20 Canadian soybean cultivars for resistance in a greenhouse. Cluster and principal component analyses were conducted based on the same traits used in the pathogenicity study. Two cultivars, 'P15T46R2' and 'B150Y1', were consistently found to be tolerant to F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. graminearum, and F. solani. To investigate the incidence and prevalence of Fusarium spp. in Canada, fungi were isolated from 106 soybean fields surveyed across Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec. Eighty-three Fusarium isolates were evaluated based on morphology and with multiple PCR primers, and phylogenetic analyses indicated their diversity across the major soybean production regions of Canada. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into host resistance and the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. in Canadian soybean fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Sang-Heon Oh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (L.W.); (S.-F.H.); (S.E.S.); (R.F.-A.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche en Innovation des Végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Owen Wally
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada;
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7C 5Y3, Canada
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Neupane S, Avin FA, Liyanapathiranage P, Simmons T, Baysal-Gurel F. Identification and Chemical and Biological Management of Fusarium Root and Crown Rot Disease of Oakleaf Hydrangea. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3188-3197. [PMID: 36890131 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2609-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia) is an important ornamental plant grown in Tennessee. In May 2018, after late spring frost, cultivars Pee Wee and Queen of Hearts showed root and crown rot symptoms and identification and management of the disease was a major concern. The objective of this research was to identify the causal organism of this disease and develop management recommendations for nursery growers. Isolates from the infected root and crown parts were subjected to microscopy, and the morphology of fungi resembled Fusarium. Molecular analysis was conducted by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α regions. Fusarium oxysporum was identified as a causal organism based on molecular analysis. A pathogenicity test was done to complete the Koch's postulates by drenching containerized oakleaf hydrangea with a conidial suspension. Experiments were conducted to evaluate different chemical fungicides and biological products with different rates for Fusarium root and crown rot management in container-grown Queen of Hearts. Plants were inoculated by drenching containerized oakleaf hydrangea with 150-ml conidial suspensions of F. oxysporum, maintaining the concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/ml. Root and crown rot were assessed using a scale of 0 to 100%. Recovery of F. oxysporum was recorded by plating root and crown sections. Chemical fungicides such as mefentrifluconazole (BAS75002F), the low rate (1.09 ml/liter) of difenoconazole + pydiflumetofen (Postiva), and the high rate (1.32 ml/liter) of isofetamid (Astun) and biopesticide were applied; the high rate (1.64 g/liter) of ningnanmycin (SP2700 WP) effectively reduced Fusarium root rot severity and pyraclostrobin effectively reduced Fusarium crown rot severity in both trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Neupane
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Farhat A Avin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Prabha Liyanapathiranage
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Terri Simmons
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
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5
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Topilina YS, Luk'yanova EA, Glukhova LB, Shurupova MN, Gerasimchuk AL, Frank YA, Antsiferov DV. Beneficial Effect of the New Leptodophora sp. Strain on Development of Blueberry Microclones in the Process of Their Adaptation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1406. [PMID: 37374907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper searches for new solutions for the development of highbush blueberry orchards (Vaccinium corymbosum L. (1753)) in Western Siberia. All species of the genus Vaccinium display special symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with root systems-ericoid mycorrhiza, which essentially enhances the formation of adventitious and lateral roots. For the first time, we obtained pure cultures of micromycetes associated with the roots of wild species of the family Ericaceae in the Tomsk region, Russia. With regard to the data of molecular genetic analysis of the ITS region sequence, we selected the BR2-1 isolate based on its morphophysiological traits, which was assigned to the genus Leptodophora. Representatives of this genus typically enter into symbiotic relationships with heathers to form ericoid mycorrhizae. We studied the effect of strain BR2-1 on the development of microclones of the highbush blueberry var. Nord blue during their in vitro adaptation and showed its beneficial effect on growth and shoot formation in young plants. Experiments performed using submerged and solid-state methods showed that the most optimal method for commercial production of BR2-1 is cultivation on grain sterilized by boiling, followed by spore washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Topilina
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Lubov B Glukhova
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Margarita N Shurupova
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna L Gerasimchuk
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A Frank
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Antsiferov
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Yang H, Ledesma-Amaro R, Gao H, Ren Y, Deng R. CRISPR-based biosensors for pathogenic biosafety. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 228:115189. [PMID: 36893718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic biosafety is a worldwide concern. Tools for analyzing pathogenic biosafety, that are precise, rapid and field-deployable, are highly demanded. Recently developed biotechnological tools, especially those utilizing CRISPR/Cas systems which can couple with nanotechnologies, have enormous potential to achieve point-of-care (POC) testing for pathogen infection. In this review, we first introduce the working principle of class II CRISPR/Cas system for detecting nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid biomarkers, and highlight the molecular assays that leverage CRISPR technologies for POC detection. We summarize the application of CRISPR tools in detecting pathogens, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites and their variants, and highlight the profiling of pathogens' genotypes or phenotypes, such as the viability, and drug-resistance. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of CRISPR-based biosensors in pathogenic biosafety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Ren
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Parihar TJ, Sofi MY, Rasool RS, Khursheed S, Bhat ZA, Hussain K, Dhekale B, Zargar SM, Hakak AS, Shah MD, Nehvi FA, Bhat MA, Khan MN, Masoodi KZ. Fusarium chlamydosporum, causing wilt disease of chili (Capsicum annum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in Northern Himalayas: a first report. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20392. [PMID: 36437280 PMCID: PMC9701669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) are the most widely grown solanaceous crops in the world. However, their production has reduced over several years due to the attack of various fungal and bacterial pathogens and various abiotic factors. Still, the major constrain in their production are pathogens with fungal etiology, especially the fungal wilt of solanaceous crops. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani have been previously identified as the pathogens causing wilt disease in chili and brinjal. Recently, a new fungal pathogen F. equiseti has been reported as the causal agent of wilt disease infecting chili. The current study focused on identifying fungal pathogens associated with the wilted plants of chili and brinjal, collected from different parts of the Himalayan region of Kashmir valley, through morpho-cultural and molecular characterization. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing were performed on various isolates. DNA barcoding using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was used to identify the pathogen followed by the pathogenicity test. Further confirmation of the pathogen was done by sequencing of transcription elongation factor (TEF) and Calmodulin (CAL2). In current study Fusarium chlamydosporum has been reported as the wilt causing pathogen of chili and brinjal for the first time in Kashmir Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmeen J. Parihar
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Mohd. Yaseen Sofi
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Rovidha S. Rasool
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225IDP-NAHEP, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Sehla Khursheed
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Zahoor A. Bhat
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Khursheed Hussain
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Bhagyashree Dhekale
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Asma S. Hakak
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India ,grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225College of Temperate Sericulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Mirgund, Jammu and Kashmir 193121 India
| | - Mehraj D. Shah
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - F. A. Nehvi
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - M. Ashraf Bhat
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - M. N. Khan
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
| | - Khalid Z. Masoodi
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025 India
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Eğerci Y, Teksür PK, Morca AU. Identification of Fusarium andiyazi Associated with the Bakanae Disease of Rice in Turkey. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:291. [PMID: 35972561 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is an important nutrient staple for much of the Turkish population. In this study, field surveys were carried out to collect isolates of Fusarium andiyazi, a member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) associated with Bakanae disease. As part of the study, morphological and microscopic features of Fusarium andiyazi isolates recovered from infected rice plants were determined. The molecular detection of F. andiyazi was carried out through PCR analysis of partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Gib2 and Fgc primers were used for specific detection of strain of FFSC. In the phylogenetic analysis, using the sequences of the partial TEF-1α gene, F. andiyazi were clustered in the same branch with the reference isolates. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of F. andiyazi were pathogen on susceptible Baldo cultivar under room climate conditions. The disease severity ranged from 3.27% to 86.30%. The pathogen causes typical disease symptoms associated with Bakanae and mostly inhibited seed germination, while most of the isolates caused abnormal elongation compared to the control plants. This is the first report of presence of F. andiyazi causing Bakanae disease on rice in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Eğerci
- Directorate of Plant Protection Research Institute-Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Pervin Kınay Teksür
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Uysal Morca
- General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
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Haghani I, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Dalimi Asl A, Shokohi T, Hedayati MT. Prevalence, genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles of F. fujikuroi, F. solani, and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complexes from onychomycosis in North of Iran. Mycoses 2022; 65:1030-1039. [PMID: 35775829 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis, a nail fungal infection, is normally caused by dermatophytes. However, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds (NDM) are among pathogens that cause nail disease. Regarding, this study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology of Fusarium onychomycosis in the North of Iran. 257 nail samples collected from the patients clinically suspected of onychomycosis were subjected to direct microscopy, calcofluor white staining, and culture. Fusarium isolates were identified at a species level through determination of multi-locus sequences for internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1 alpha. Based on the findings, Fusarium species were isolated from onychomycosis patients (n=27). According to a previous partial genes analysis, the species in the resent study belonged to the members of F. fujikuroi species complex (n=14), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (n=1) and F. solani species complex (n=12). In rhis study, F. proliferatum was the dominant Fusarium species collected from the samples. The correct identification of Fusarium species is essential regarding the increased prevalence of Fusarium onychomycosis and the inherent resistance of these agents to a wide spectrum of antifungals. The obtained results indicated variation in the epidemiology of Fusarium species isolated from onychomycosis. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luliconazole and lanoconazole was in the range of 0.001-1 μg/mL, with the geometric mean of MICs obtained at 0.0103 and 0.0343 μg/mL against Fusarium species, respectively. These findings can increase researchers' knowledge regarding diversity of species, distribution of onychomycosis, and the choice of a proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Haghani
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Mu K, Ren X, Yang H, Zhang T, Yan W, Yuan F, Wu J, Kang Z, Han D, Deng R, Zeng Q. CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Diagnostics of Wheat Fungal Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7240-7247. [PMID: 35578739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) infection, reduces crop yield and contaminates grain with mycotoxins. We report a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a-based nucleic acid assay for an early and rapid diagnosis of wheat FHB. Guide RNA (gRNA) was screened for highly specific recognition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the transcription elongation factor 1α (EF1α) of F. graminearum. The trans-activation of Cas12a protein cleaves the single-stranded DNA probes with the terminal fluorophore and quencher groups, thus allowing us to report the presence of ITS and EF1α of F. graminearum. Owing to the dual recognition process through PCR primers and gRNA hybridization, the approach realized specific discrimination of F. graminearum from other pathogenic fungi. It also allowed us to detect as low as 1 fg/μL total DNA from F. graminearum, which is sufficient to diagnose a 4 day F. graminearum infection. CRISPR-Cas12a-based nucleic acid assay promises the molecular diagnosis of crop diseases and broadens the application of CRISPR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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11
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Tomato Response to Fusarium spp. Infection under Field Conditions: Study of Potential Genes Involved. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world and is severely affected by Fusarium diseases. To successfully manage these diseases, new insights on the expression of plant–pathogen interaction genes involved in immunity responses to Fusarium spp. infection are required. The aim of this study was to assess the level of infection of Fusarium spp. in field tomato samples and to evaluate the differential expression of target genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions in groups presenting different infection levels. Our study was able to detect Fusarium spp. in 16 from a total of 20 samples, proving the effectiveness of the primer set designed in the ITS region for its detection, and allowed the identification of two main different species complexes: Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti. Results demonstrated that the level of infection positively influenced the expression of the transcription factor WRKY41 and the CBEF (calcium-binding EF hand family protein) genes, involved in plant innate resistance to pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the expression of tomato defense-related gene expression is studied in response to Fusarium infection under natural field conditions. We highlight the importance of these studies for the identification of candidate genes to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato and achieve sustainable plant disease management.
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12
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Chauhan M, Thakur A, Singh Y, Rather MM, Harsh NSK. Gnotobiotic evaluation of Dalbergia sissoo genotypes for resistance against Fusarium solani via dual culture set up. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:35. [PMID: 33620593 PMCID: PMC7902750 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dalbergia sissoo (shisham), an important multipurpose tree native to the Indian subcontinent and also planted in other countries, has been afflicted with large scale mortality in all age groups due to wilt disease, causing huge economic losses. Fusarium solani f. sp. dalbergiae (Fsd) has been identified as one of the causal organisms for wilt disease in D. sissoo. One of the approaches of disease resistance studies involves co-cultivation of trees and pathogens under controlled conditions to screen resistant tree genotypes. A gnotobiotic condition, where the pathogen is known, enables accurate screening of disease-resistant genotypes. In the present study, ten genotypes of D. sissoo were cloned in vitro and evaluated against two strains of Fsd in a dual culture setup under gnotobiotic conditions with an objective to identify resistant genotypes of D. sissoo against Fsd. RESULTS Callus and plantlets of ten genotypes of host plant multiplied in vitro were inoculated with conidial suspension of two strains of Fsd at three concentrations; 1 × 101, 1 × 103, and 1 × 105 conidia/ml. Gnotobiotic evaluation of dual culture setup shows variations among genotypes in their response towards in vitro Fsd infection; and two genotypes (14 and 66) exhibited resistance against Fsd strains. Callus of genotypes 14 and 66 significantly restricted the fungal mycelium growth whereas callus of remaining genotypes was completely infested by Fsd mycelium within 9 days. Similarly, plantlets of genotype 14 and 66 had lesser disease severity and remained green and had fewer necrotic lesions in roots whereas plantlets of the remaining eight genotypes died within 15 days. CONCLUSION Gnotobiotic evaluation of callus and plantlets of ten genotypes of D. sissoo against Fsd strains has reduced time and space otherwise required for field trials. Genetic variations amongst the genotypes resulted in varying responses towards virulent Fsd strains and only two out of ten genotypes showed promising resistant characteristics. In dual culture setup, both callus and plantlets of the same genotypes responded similarly against Fsd strains, which signify that in vitro screening can be used as an indirect selection method for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chauhan
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - Ajay Thakur
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India.
| | - Yashaswi Singh
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - M Maqbool Rather
- Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Benehama, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nirmal S K Harsh
- Forest Pathology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
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13
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Morpho-molecular identification and first report of Fusarium equiseti in causing chilli wilt from Kashmir (Northern Himalayas). Sci Rep 2021; 11:3610. [PMID: 33574410 PMCID: PMC7878897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most significant vegetable and spice crop. Wilt caused by Fusarium Sp. has emerged as a serious problem in chilli production. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is widely used as a DNA barcoding marker to characterize the diversity and composition of Fusarium communities. ITS regions are heavily used in both molecular methods and ecological studies of fungi, because of its high degree of interspecific variability, conserved primer sites and multiple copy nature in the genome. In the present study we focused on morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen causing chilli wilt. Chilli plants were collected from four districts of Kashmir valley of Himalayan region. Pathogens were isolated from infected root and stem of the plants. Isolated pathogens were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The amplified product was sequenced and three different wilt causing fungal isolates were obtained which are reported in the current investigation. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, a new fungal species was found in association with the chilli wilt in Kashmir valley viz., Fusarium equiseti that has never been reported before from this region. The studies were confirmed by pathogenicity test and re-confirmation by DNA barcoding.
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14
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Murugan L, Krishnan N, Venkataravanappa V, Saha S, Mishra AK, Sharma BK, Rai AB. Molecular characterization and race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infecting tomato in India. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:486. [PMID: 33123453 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen isolates of Fusarium were isolated from wilt affected tomato samples collected from 10 different states of India. Characterization of the fungal cultures based on morphology and sequencing of ITS rDNA revealed that they belonged to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol). Pathogenicity assay on two susceptible tomato cultivars showed all the 14 isolates were pathogenic and categorized in high-, moderate- and low-virulent groups. Differential host assay on Bonny Best (no resistant gene), UC82-L (harboring I-1), Fla.MH1 (harboring I-1 and I-2) and I3R-1 (harboring I-1, I-2 and I-3) tomato genotypes and PCR amplification with race-specific primers indicated that all the Fusarium isolates infecting tomato in India were belonging to race 1. Molecular diversity analysis based on ISSR markers revealed the presence of 3 distinct groups of Fol isolates. Abundant diversity was observed among the Fol isolates in harboring the virulence-related genes (endo-polygalacturonase gene pg1 and tomatinases) and toxin production (fumonisin). However, presence of pg1 does not correlate with virulence and the isolates carrying tomatinase 4 (tom-4) in combination with other tomatinase genes were of virulent group. Detection of fumonisin gene in six isolates of Fusarium infecting tomato indicated their toxigenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Murugan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Nagendran Krishnan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - V Venkataravanappa
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: CHES, Chettalli, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
| | - S Saha
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - A K Mishra
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - B K Sharma
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - A B Rai
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
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Srinivas C, Nirmala Devi D, Narasimha Murthy K, Mohan CD, Lakshmeesha TR, Singh B, Kalagatur NK, Niranjana SR, Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Tabassum B, Abd Allah EF, Chandra Nayaka S. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity- A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1315-1324. [PMID: 31762590 PMCID: PMC6864208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the significant contributory pathogen of tomato vascular wilt. The initial symptoms of the disease appear in the lower leaves gradually, trail by wilting of the plants. It has been reported that FOL penetrates the tomato plant, colonizing and leaving the vascular tissue dark brown, and this discoloration extends to the apex, leading to the plants wilting, collapsing and dying. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that wilting caused by this fungus is the result of a combination of various physiological activities, including the accumulation of fungal mycelia in and around xylem, mycotoxin production, inactivation of host defense, and the production of tyloses; however, wilting symptoms are variable. Therefore, the selection of molecular markers may be a more effective means of screening tomato races. Several studies on the detection of FOL have been carried out and have suggested the potency of the technique for diagnosing FOL. This review focuses on biology and variability of FOL, understanding and presenting a holistic picture of the vascular wilt disease of tomato in relation to disease model, biology, virulence. We conclude that genomic and proteomic approachesare greater tools for identification of informative candidates involved in pathogenicity, which can be considered as one of the approaches in managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Srinivas
- Department of Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Nirmala Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - T R Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Department of Immunology and Toxicology, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - S R Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, 244901 U.P., India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
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