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Ahmad F, Karan A, Sharma R, Sharma NS, Sundar V, Jayaraj R, Mukherjee S, DeCoster MA. Evolving therapeutic interventions for the management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102229. [PMID: 38364913 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients experience diverse symptoms, including memory loss, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood changes, and mental issues. The fundamental objective of this review is to discuss novel therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on recently approved marketed formulations for the treatment of AD, especially Aducanumab, the first FDA approved moiety that surpasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces amyloid plaques in the brain, thereby reducing associated cognitive decline. However, it is still in the phase IV trial and is to be completed by 2030. Other drugs such as lecanemab are also under clinical trial and has recently been approved by the FDA and is also discussed here. In this review, we also focus on active and passive immunotherapy for AD as well as several vaccines, such as amyloid-beta epitope-based vaccines, amyloid-beta DNA vaccines, and stem cell therapy for AD, which are in clinical trials. Furthermore, ongoing pre-clinical trials associated with AD and other novel strategies such as curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, Crispr/ cas9, precision medicine, as well as some emerging therapies like anti-sense therapy are also highlighted. Additionally, we discuss some off-labeled drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), anti-diabetic drugs, and lithium, which can manage symptoms of AD and different non-pharmacological approaches are also covered which can help to manage AD. In summary, we have tried to cover all the therapeutic interventions which are available for the treatment and management of AD under sections approved, clinical phase, pre-clinical phase or futuristic interventions, off-labelled drugs, and non-pharmacological interventions for AD, offering positive findings and well as challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Mechanical and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana, Delhi, India
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Jayaraj
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA; Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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2
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Valadez-Barba V, Juárez-Navarro K, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz NF, Guerra-Mora JR, Díaz-Martínez NE. Parkinson's disease: an update on preclinical studies of induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurologia 2023; 38:681-694. [PMID: 37858889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valadez-Barba
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - K Juárez-Navarro
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - N F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J R Guerra-Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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3
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Kim MY, Kim MJ, Lee C, Lee J, Kim SS, Hong S, Kim HT, Seo J, Yoon KJ, Han S. Trametinib activates endogenous neurogenesis and recovers neuropathology in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2177-2189. [PMID: 37779138 PMCID: PMC10618442 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing adult neurogenesis in the brain has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. We developed a screening platform, ATRIVIEW®, for molecules that activate neuronal differentiation of adult mouse NSCs. The most potent hit from an FDA-approved drug library was SNR1611 (trametinib), a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor. We found that trametinib increases the levels of P15INK4b and Neurog2, suggesting a mechanism by which MEK1/2 inhibition induces neuronal differentiation. Oral administration of trametinib increased adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the 5XFAD AD mouse model. Surprisingly, we also found that trametinib enhanced adult neurogenesis in the cortex. Consequently, trametinib rescued AD pathologies such as neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. Finally, trametinib induced neurogenic differentiation of NSCs derived from AD patient iPSCs, which suggests its potential therapeutic application. Altogether, we suggest that restoration of endogenous adult neurogenesis by trametinib may be a promising therapeutic approach to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, 03175, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Neuroscience Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, 03175, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeob Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University ERICA, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Hong
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- Neuroscience Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, 03175, Republic of Korea
- Shaperon Inc., Seoul, 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Stem Cell Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungho Han
- Neuroscience Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, 03175, Republic of Korea.
- Head Office, Genuv Inc., Seoul, 04520, Republic of Korea.
- Genuv US Subsidiary, Genuv Inc., Cambridge, USA.
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Tomczak W, Winkler-Lach W, Tomczyk-Socha M, Misiuk-Hojło M. Advancements in Ocular Regenerative Therapies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050737. [PMID: 37237549 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of stem cells (SCs) has emerged as a promising avenue in ophthalmology, offering potential therapeutic solutions for various vision impairments and degenerative eye diseases. SCs possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialised cell types, making them valuable tools for repairing damaged tissues and restoring visual function. Stem cell-based therapies hold significant potential for addressing conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), corneal disorders, and optic nerve damage. Therefore, researchers have explored different sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adult stem cells, for ocular tissue regeneration. Preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated promising outcomes, with some patients experiencing improved vision following stem cell-based interventions. However, several challenges remain, including optimising the differentiation protocols, ensuring transplanted cells' safety and long-term viability, and developing effective delivery methods. The field of stem cell research in ophthalmology witnesses a constant influx of new reports and discoveries. To effectively navigate these tons of information, it becomes crucial to summarise and systematise these findings periodically. In light of recent discoveries, this paper demonstrates the potential applications of stem cells in ophthalmology, focusing on their use in various eye tissues, including the cornea, retina, conjunctiva, iris, trabecular meshwork, lens, ciliary body, sclera, and orbital fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Targeted therapy in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Implication from cell and gene therapy to immunotherapy and vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109161. [PMID: 35998506 PMCID: PMC9385778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus. Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be severe, especially among high risk populations affected of underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 is characterized by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, a hyper inflammatory syndrome, vascular injury, microangiopathy and thrombosis. Antiviral drugs and immune modulating methods has been evaluated. So far, a particular therapeutic option has not been approved for COVID-19 and a variety of treatments have been studied for COVID-19 including, current treatment such as oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, antiviral agents until targeted therapy and vaccines which are diverse in each patient and have various outcomes. According to the findings of different in vitro and in vivo studies, some novel approach such as gene editing, cell based therapy, and immunotherapy may have significant potential in the treatment of COVID-19. Based on these findings, this paper aims to review the different strategies of treatment against COVID-19 and provide a summary from traditional and newer methods in curing COVID-19.
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Stem Cells in Clinical Trials on Neurological Disorders: Trends in Stem Cells Origins, Indications, and Status of the Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911453. [PMID: 36232760 PMCID: PMC9570410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can significantly reduce the quality and duration of life. Stem cells provide a promising solution, not only due to their regenerative features but also for a variety of other functions, including reducing inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. Although only hematopoietic cells have been approved by the FDA so far, the number of trials continues to expand. We analyzed 492 clinical trials and illustrate the trends in stem cells origins, indications, and phase and status of the clinical trials. The most common neurological disorders treated with stem cells were injuries of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves (14%), stroke (13%), multiple sclerosis (12%), and brain tumors (11%). Mesenchymal stem cells dominated (83%) although the choice of stem cells was highly dependent on the neurological disorder. Of the 492 trials, only two trials have reached phase 4, with most of all other trials being in phases 1 or 2, or transitioning between them (83%). Based on a comparison of the obtained results with similar works and further analysis of the literature, we discuss some of the challenges and future directions of stem cell therapies in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Ahmad F, Sachdeva P. A consolidated review on stem cell therapy for treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Med (Milton) 2022; 5:182-190. [PMID: 36247342 PMCID: PMC9549310 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia and affects around 50 million people around the globe. AD is diagnosed mainly through imaging techniques and to date only five drugs are approved for management of AD but no promising treatment is available for AD. So in this review, we are focusing on stem cell therapy for AD. This review will cover all stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural stem cells. Clinical trials of AD have also been discussed. Finally, limitations of stem cells are discussed with ongoing clinical trials, and in the future stem cell therapy can be used for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard University Delhi India
| | - Punya Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
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8
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Abdi S, Javanmehr N, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Bali HY, Pirzadeh M. Stem Cell-based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1093-1115. [PMID: 34970956 PMCID: PMC9886816 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211231090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative impairment mainly recognized by memory loss and cognitive deficits. However, the current therapies against AD are mostly limited to palliative medications, prompting researchers to investigate more efficient therapeutic approaches for AD, such as stem cell therapy. Recent evidence has proposed that extensive neuronal and synaptic loss and altered adult neurogenesis, which is perceived pivotal in terms of plasticity and network maintenance, occurs early in the course of AD, which exacerbates neuronal vulnerability to AD. Thus, regeneration and replenishing the depleted neuronal networks by strengthening the endogenous repair mechanisms or exogenous stem cells and their cargoes is a rational therapeutic approach. Currently, several stem cell-based therapies as well as stem cell products like exosomes, have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of AD. OBJECTIVE This review begins with a comparison between AD and normal aging pathophysiology and a discussion on open questions in the field. Next, summarizing the current stem cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, we declare the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also, we comprehensively evaluate the human clinical trials of stem cell therapies for AD. METHODOLOGY Peer-reviewed reports were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 2021. RESULTS With several ongoing clinical trials, stem cells and their derivatives (e.g., exosomes) are an emerging and encouraging field in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Although stem cell therapies have been successful in animal models, numerous clinical trials in AD patients have yielded unpromising results, which we will further discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Abdi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Javanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran;,Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Address correspondence to this author at the Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 4136747176, Babol, Iran; Tel/Fax: +98-11-32190557; E-mail:
| | | | - Marzieh Pirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Karimov M, Ewe A, Noske S, Aigner A, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Unmodified and tyrosine-modified polyethylenimines as potential carriers for siRNA: Biophysical characterization and toxicity. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121468. [PMID: 35031413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are being explored as efficient non-viral nanocarriers for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo. To address limitations regarding PEI efficacy and biocompatibility, modifications of the chemical structure of linear and branched PEIs have been introduced, including grafting with tyrosine. The aim has been to compare linear and branched polyethylenimines of a wider range of different molecular mass with their tyrosine-modified derivatives. To do so, physico-chemical and biological properties of the polymers were investigated. Even in the absence of a negatively charged nucleic acid counterpart, PEIs form particle structures with defined size and surface potential. Tyrosine modification of PEI led to significantly reduced toxicity, while simultaneously increasing interaction with cellular membranes. All the effects were also dependent on the PEI molecular weight and structure (i.e., linear vs. branched). Especially in the case of linear PEIs, the improved membrane interaction also translated into slightly enhanced hemolysis, whereas their genotoxic potential was essentially abolished. Due to the improvement of properties critical for nano-vector efficacy and biocompatibility, our data demonstrate that tyrosine-modified PEIs are very promising and safe nanocarriers for the delivery of small RNAs, like siRNAs and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland; Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Sandra Noske
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
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Nehra M, Uthappa UT, Kumar V, Kumar R, Dixit C, Dilbaghi N, Mishra YK, Kumar S, Kaushik A. Nanobiotechnology-assisted therapies to manage brain cancer in personalized manner. J Control Release 2021; 338:224-243. [PMID: 34418523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous investigated factors that limit brain cancer treatment efficacy such as ability of prescribed therapy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tumor specific delivery of a therapeutics, transport within brain interstitium, and resistance of tumor cells against therapies. Recent breakthroughs in the field of nano-biotechnology associated with developing multifunctional nano-theranostic emerged as an effective way to manage brain cancer in terms of higher efficacy and least possible adverse effects. Keeping challenges and state-of-art accomplishments into consideration, this review proposes a comprehensive, careful, and critical discussion focused on efficient nano-enabled platforms including nanocarriers for drug delivery across the BBB and nano-assisted therapies (e.g., nano-immunotherapy, nano-stem cell therapy, and nano-gene therapy) investigated for brain cancer treatment. Besides therapeutic efficacy point-of-view, efforts are being made to explore ways projected to tune such developed nano-therapeutic for treating patients in personalized manner via controlling size, drug loading, delivery, and retention. Personalized brain tumor management based on advanced nano-therapies can potentially lead to excellent therapeutic benefits based on unique genetic signatures in patients and their individual disease profile. Moreover, applicability of nano-systems as stimulants to manage the brain cancer growth factors has also been discussed in photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive information on emerging opportunities in nanotechnology for advancing the brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Chandra Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, United States.
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Oxidative-Signaling in Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Plasticity: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071088. [PMID: 34356321 PMCID: PMC8301193 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain is capable of generating new neurons from existing neural stem cells (NSCs) in a process called adult neurogenesis. This process, which is critical for sustaining cognition and mental health in the mature brain, can be severely hampered with ageing and different neurological disorders. Recently, it is believed that the beneficial effects of NSCs in the injured brain relies not only on their potential to differentiate and integrate into the preexisting network, but also on their secreted molecules. In fact, further insight into adult NSC function is being gained, pointing to these cells as powerful endogenous "factories" that produce and secrete a large range of bioactive molecules with therapeutic properties. Beyond anti-inflammatory, neurogenic and neurotrophic effects, NSC-derived secretome has antioxidant proprieties that prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and rescue recipient cells from oxidative damage. This is particularly important in neurodegenerative contexts, where oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a significant role. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and the therapeutic opportunities of NSC secretome for neurodegenerative diseases with a particular focus on mitochondria and its oxidative state.
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12
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Valadez-Barba V, Juárez-Navarro K, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz NF, Guerra-Mora JR, Díaz-Martínez NE. Parkinson's disease: An update on preclinical studies of induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurologia 2021; 38:S0213-4853(21)00020-7. [PMID: 33715888 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells. In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valadez-Barba
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - K Juárez-Navarro
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - N F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J R Guerra-Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Petkov S, Dressel R, Rodriguez-Polo I, Behr R. Controlling the Switch from Neurogenesis to Pluripotency during Marmoset Monkey Somatic Cell Reprogramming with Self-Replicating mRNAs and Small Molecules. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112422. [PMID: 33167468 PMCID: PMC7694496 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold enormous potential for the development of cell-based therapies; however, the safety and efficacy of potential iPSC-based treatments need to be verified in relevant animal disease models before their application in the clinic. Here, we report the derivation of iPSCs from common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) using self-replicating mRNA vectors based on the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE-mRNAs). By transfection of marmoset fibroblasts with VEE-mRNAs carrying the human OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-MYC and culture in the presence of small molecule inhibitors CHIR99021 and SB431542, we first established intermediate primary colonies with neural progenitor-like properties. In the second reprogramming step, we converted these colonies into transgene-free pluripotent stem cells by further culturing them with customized marmoset iPSC medium in feeder-free conditions. Our experiments revealed a novel paradigm for flexible reprogramming of somatic cells, where primary colonies obtained by a single VEE-mRNA transfection can be directed either toward the neural lineage or further reprogrammed to pluripotency. These results (1) will further enhance the role of the common marmoset as animal disease model for preclinical testing of iPSC-based therapies and (2) establish an in vitro system to experimentally address developmental signal transduction pathways in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Petkov
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, GmbH, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.B.); Tel.: +49-(0)551-3851-322 (S.P.); Tel.:+49-(0)551-3851-132 (R.B.)
| | - Ralf Dressel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez-Polo
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, GmbH, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, GmbH, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.B.); Tel.: +49-(0)551-3851-322 (S.P.); Tel.:+49-(0)551-3851-132 (R.B.)
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14
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Cao HL, Chung JH, Choung PH. Allogeneic Fibrin Clot for Odontogenic/Cementogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:511-524. [PMID: 32592130 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal bovine serum is widely used as a growth supplement for cell culture medium; however, animal-borne pathogens increase the risk of transmitting infectious agents. Platelet-rich fibrin is recently considered as a successful alternative but leukocytes present limits to its allogeneic feasibility. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of allogeneic fibrin clot (AFC) without leukocytes on inducing odontogenic/cementogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AFC was prepared by high-speed centrifugation and leukocytes were almost removed, and AFC serum was obtained through three freeze-thaw cycles. hDPSCs and hPDLSCs were treated with AFC serum to investigate the odontogenic or cementogenic associated markers by real-time polymerase chain reaction. hDPSCs were treated with AFC serum and placed inside of dentin canal, hPDLSCs were treated with AFC serum to wrap outside of dentin, the mixture was then transplanted into the subcutaneous of nude mice for 12 weeks. RESULTS AFC serum exhibited enough growth factors and cytokines to induce odontogenic/cementogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and hPDLSCs in vitro. Furthermore, AFC seurum could induce hDPSCs to differentiate into odontoblasts-like cells and pulp-like tissues, and hPDLSCs to regenerate cementum-like tissues. CONCLUSION AFC could be an alternative safe source with growth factors for the expansion of human dental mesenchymal stem cells (hDMSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lian Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials, Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanakno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Heidari R, Gholamian Dehkordi N, Mohseni R, Safaei M. Engineering mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach in breast cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 28:732-741. [PMID: 32463709 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1775842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers among women in the world because of its aggressive behaviour and inadequate response to conventional therapies. Cellular and gene therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent promising treatment strategies for multiple diseases, such as cancers. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with important features for cell therapy, such as tissue homing to injured sites, their differentiation potential, their capacity of secreting plenty of trophic factors, and low immunogenicity. The quite easy isolation of these cells from various types of tissues are associated with no ethical concern when dealing with foetal or embryonic stem cells. The MSCs exhibit both pro and anti-oncogenic properties. However, genetic engineering of MSCs and nanoparticles is being employed as a means to solve some of these problems and improve the antitumor properties of these cells. The tumour-homing ability of MSCs and their exosomes to tumour niches have made them as a promising vector for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to tumours site. The present study investigated MSCs specifications, pro- and anti-oncogenic properties of MSCs in breast cancer, and reviewed targeted breast cancer therapy via engineered MSCs, likely as potent cellular vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Heidari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Neda Gholamian Dehkordi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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16
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Tournaire G, Stegen S, Giacomini G, Stockmans I, Moermans K, Carmeliet G, van Gastel N. Nestin-GFP transgene labels skeletal progenitors in the periosteum. Bone 2020; 133:115259. [PMID: 32036051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum is critical for bone repair and contains skeletal stem cells (SSCs), but these cells are still poorly characterized. In the bone marrow, cells expressing the Nes-GFP transgene have been described to be SSCs. Here, we investigated whether Nes-GFP expression also typifies SSCs in the periosteum. We show that in adult mice, Nes-GFP cells are present in the periosteum and localize closely to blood vessels, but periosteal Nes-GFP cells express SSC and progenitor markers differently compared to Nes-GFP cells in the bone marrow. Periosteal Nes-GFP cells show in vitro clonogenicity and tri-lineage differentiation potential and they can form bone in vivo. Shortly after fracture, they start to proliferate and they contribute to the osteoblast pool during the repair process. However, periosteal Nes-GFP cells are not slow dividing nor self-renewing in vivo. These results indicate that in adult mice, periosteal Nes-GFP expressing cells are skeletal progenitors rather than true SSCs, and they participate in the fracture healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tournaire
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greta Giacomini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Stockmans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Moermans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Zarzeczny A, Tanner C, Barfoot J, Blackburn C, Couturier A, Munsie M. Contact us for more information: an analysis of public enquiries about stem cells. Regen Med 2019; 14:1137-1150. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examines online enquiries received by two prominent stem cell science initiatives operating in different geographical jurisdictions. Materials & methods: Combined quantitative and qualitative analysis undertaken of internet-based queries (n = 1047) received by Stem Cells Australia and EuroStemCell from members of the public over a two-year period (May 2014–2016). Results: Findings reveal striking similarities between the two datasets and highlight the range of uncertainties, priorities and needs of those seeking information about stem cells online. Conclusion: Sustained and in-depth tailored guidance is needed to effectively meet the diverse stem cell-related information-based needs of communities internationally. Such efforts should be prioritized by regenerative medicine research initiatives and organizations, given the trust and hope diverse publics appear to place in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zarzeczny
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Claire Tanner
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Center for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Barfoot
- EuroStemCell, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Clare Blackburn
- EuroStemCell, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anna Couturier
- EuroStemCell, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Megan Munsie
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Center for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Gawecki R, Malarz K, Rejmund M, Polanski J, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. Impact of thiosemicarbazones on the accumulation of PpIX and the expression of the associated genes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111585. [PMID: 31450131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazone derivatives are known for their broad biological activity including their antitumor potency. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of a novel series of non-toxic iron chelators on the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX after external 5-aminolevulonic acid administration. From this series we selected one the most promising derivative which causes a pronounced increase in the concentration of protoporphyrin IX. The increase of the photosensitizer concentration is necessary for the trigger the efficient therapeutic effect of the photodynamic reaction. For selected compound 2 we performed an examination of a panel of the genes that are involved in the heme biosynthesis and degradation. Results indicated the crucial roles of ferrochelatase and heme oxygenase in the described processes. Surprisingly, there was a strict dependence on the type of the tested cell line. A decrease in the expression of the two aforementioned enzymes after incubation with compound 2 and 5-aminolevulonic acid is a commonly known fact and we detected this trend for the MCF-7 and HCT 116 cell lines. However, we noticed the upregulation of the tested targets for the Hs683 cells. These unconventional results prompted us to do a more in-depth analysis of the described processes. In conclusion, we found that compound 2 is a novel, highly effective booster of photodynamic therapy that has prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gawecki
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marta Rejmund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland.
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19
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Nemeth C, Fine A, Fatemi A. Translational challenges in advancing regenerative therapy for treating neurological disorders using nanotechnology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:60-67. [PMID: 31100303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The focus of regenerative therapies is to replace or enrich diseased or injured cells and tissue in an attempt to replenish the local environment and function, while slowing or halting further degeneration. Targeting neurological diseases specifically is difficult, due to the complex nature of the central nervous system, including the difficulty of bypassing the brain's natural defense systems. While cell-based regenerative therapies show promise in select tissues, preclinical and clinical studies have been largely unable to transfer these successes to the brain. Advancements in nanotechnologies have provided new methods of central nervous system access, drug and cell delivery, as well as new systems of cell maintenance and support that may bridge the gap between regenerative therapies and the brain. In this review, we discuss current regenerative therapies for neurological diseases, nanotechnology as nanocarriers, and the technical, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges that arise from inception to formulation of nanoparticle-regenerative therapies.
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20
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Jargin SV. Scientific Papers and Patents on Substances with Unproven Effects. Part 2. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 13:160-173. [PMID: 31424374 PMCID: PMC7011683 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190819124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Several examples are discussed in this review, where substances without proven effects were proposed for practical use within the scope of evidence-based medicines. The following is discussed here: generalizations of the hormesis concept and its use in support of homeopathy; phytoestrogens and soy products potentially having feminizing effects; glycosaminoglycans for the treatment of osteoarthritis and possibilities of their replacement by diet modifications; flavonoids recommended for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins; acetylcysteine as a mucolytic agent and its questionable efficiency especially by an oral intake; stem cells and cell therapies. In conclusion, placebo therapies can be beneficial and ethically justifiable but it is not a sufficient reason to publish biased information. Importantly, placebo must be devoid of adverse effects, otherwise, it is named pseudo-placebo. Therapeutic methods with unproven effects should be tested in high-quality research shielded from the funding bias. Some issues discussed in this review are not entirely clear, and the arguments provided here can initiate a constructive discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Jargin
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Clementovski per 6-82, Moscow115184, Russia
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