1
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Peters MC, Di Martino S, Boelens T, Qin J, van Mil A, Doevendans PA, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG, Neef K. Follistatin-like 1 promotes proliferation of matured human hypoxic iPSC-cardiomyocytes and is secreted by cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:3-16. [PMID: 35317048 PMCID: PMC8917270 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human heart has limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, patients often progress to heart failure after ischemic injury, despite advances in reperfusion therapies generally decreasing mortality. Depending on its glycosylation state, Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) has been shown to increase cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation, decrease CM apoptosis, and prevent cardiac rupture in animal models of ischemic heart disease. To explore its therapeutic potential, we used a human in vitro model of cardiac ischemic injury with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (iPSC-CMs) and assessed regenerative effects of two differently glycosylated variants of human FSTL1. Furthermore, we investigated the FSTL1-mediated interplay between human cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs) and iPSC-CMs in hypoxia. Both FSTL1 variants increased viability, while only hypo-glycosylated FSTL1 increased CM proliferation post-hypoxia. Human fetal cardiac fibroblasts (fcFBs) expressed and secreted FSTL1 under normoxic conditions, while FSTL1 secretion increased by iPSC-cFBs upon hypoxia but decreased in iPSC-CMs. Co-culture of iPSC-CMs and cFBs increased FSTL1 secretion compared with cFB mono-culture. Taken together, we confirm that FSTL1 induces iPSC-CM proliferation in a human cardiac in vitro hypoxia damage model. Furthermore, we show hypoxia-related FSTL1 secretion by human cFBs and indications for FSTL1-mediated intercellular communication between cardiac cell types in response to hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn C Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Di Martino
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Boelens
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiabin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Wang W, Hu YF, Pang M, Chang N, Yu C, Li Q, Xiong JW, Peng Y, Zhang R. BMP and Notch Signaling Pathways differentially regulate Cardiomyocyte Proliferation during Ventricle Regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2157-2166. [PMID: 34239346 PMCID: PMC8241734 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian hearts show limited capacity to proliferate after injury, while zebrafish are capable to completely regenerate injured hearts through the proliferation of spared cardiomyocytes. BMP and Notch signaling pathways have been implicated in cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism underneath this process as well as the interaction between these two pathways remains to be further explored. In this study we showed BMP signaling was activated after ventricle ablation and acted epistatic downstream of Notch signaling. Inhibition of both signaling pathways differentially influenced ventricle regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation, as revealed by time-lapse analysis using a cardiomyocyte-specific FUCCI (fluorescent ubiquitylation-based cell cycle indicator) system. Further experiments revealed that inhibition of BMP and Notch signaling led to cell-cycle arrest at different phases. Overall, our results shed light on the interaction between BMP and Notch signaling pathways and their functions in cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Fan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meijun Pang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Xia Q, Gao S, Rapael Gnanamuthu SR, Zhuang K, Song Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tu P, Li J, Liu K. Involvement of Nrf2-HO-1/JNK-Erk Signaling Pathways in Aconitine-Induced Developmental Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and ROS-Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642480. [PMID: 33967776 PMCID: PMC8097150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine (AC), one of the bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids extracted from Aconitum plants, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that AC has attracted great interest for its wide cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of AC on embryonic development and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a developmental toxicity assay of AC was performed on zebrafish embryos from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf), and its underlying mechanisms were discussed. AC exposure impaired the cardiac, liver, and neurodevelopment. Especially, a high dose of AC (7.27 and 8.23 μM) exposure resulted in malformations at 72 and 96 hpf, including reduced body length, curved body shape, pericardial edema, yolk retention, swim bladder and brain developmental deficiency, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. High-concentration AC exposure caused a deficient cardiovascular system with cardiac dysfunctions, increased heart rates at 72 and 96 hpf, and reduced locomotor behavior at 120 hpf. AC treatment significantly increased the ROS level and triggered cell apoptosis in the heart and brain regions of embryos at 96 hpf in 7.27 and 8.23 μM AC treatment zebrafish. Oxidative stress was confirmed by reduced levels of T-SOD activity associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation in larvae. The expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, HO-1, Cat, and Sod-1) Erk1/2 and Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated at 96 hpf. The expression pattern of JNK and mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes (Bad, Bax, Cyto C, Casp-9, and Casp-3) was significantly upregulated. Taken together, all these parameters collectively provide the first evidence of AC-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo/larvae through ROS-medicated mitochondrial apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK/Erk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Samuel Rajendran Rapael Gnanamuthu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhuang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Song
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
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4
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Zhen Y. Reactivation of Atrium Genes Is a Primer for Heart Infarction or Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:575275. [PMID: 33244469 PMCID: PMC7683795 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.575275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of the adult heart to repair or regenerate is manifested in prevalent morbidity and mortality related to myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the cue to the reactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult remains largely unknown. In the present study, three independent datasets were explored using bioinformatics analysis methods to solve the problem. Our results revealed that atrium genes were upregulated in response to the injury, which indicates the possible cell type withdraw and reinitiation of proliferation capability. Our findings might provide an alternative viewpoint on the cardiomyocyte regeneration or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Younes N, Pintus G, Al-Asmakh M, Rasool K, Younes S, Calzolari S, Mahmoud KA, Nasrallah GK. “Safe” Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Has Minimal Organ-Specific Toxicity in Early Stages of Zebrafish Development. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:38-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment
and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Simone Calzolari
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khaled A. Mahmoud
- Qatar Environment
and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physics & Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, 42523 Port Said, Egypt
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6
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Cornet C, Calzolari S, Miñana-Prieto R, Dyballa S, van Doornmalen E, Rutjes H, Savy T, D'Amico D, Terriente J. ZeGlobalTox: An Innovative Approach to Address Organ Drug Toxicity Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E864. [PMID: 28422076 PMCID: PMC5412445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity is one of the major attrition causes during the drug development process. In that line, cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicities are among the main reasons behind the retirement of drugs in clinical phases and post market withdrawal. Zebrafish exploitation in high-throughput drug screening is becoming an important tool to assess the toxicity and efficacy of novel drugs. This animal model has, from early developmental stages, fully functional organs from a physiological point of view. Thus, drug-induced organ-toxicity can be detected in larval stages, allowing a high predictive power on possible human drug-induced liabilities. Hence, zebrafish can bridge the gap between preclinical in vitro safety assays and rodent models in a fast and cost-effective manner. ZeGlobalTox is an innovative assay that sequentially integrates in vivo cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicity assessment in the same animal, thus impacting strongly in the 3Rs principles. It Reduces, by up to a third, the number of animals required to assess toxicity in those organs. It Refines the drug toxicity evaluation through novel physiological parameters. Finally, it might allow the Replacement of classical species, such as rodents and larger mammals, thanks to its high predictivity (Specificity: 89%, Sensitivity: 68% and Accuracy: 78%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Cornet
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Simone Calzolari
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Miñana-Prieto
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvia Dyballa
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Els van Doornmalen
- Pivot Park Screening Centre (PPSC), Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB OSS, The Netherland.
| | - Helma Rutjes
- Pivot Park Screening Centre (PPSC), Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB OSS, The Netherland.
| | - Thierry Savy
- Multilevel Dynamics in Morphogenesis Unit, USR3695 CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Davide D'Amico
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Terriente
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Chen T, Yu Y, Hu C, Schachner M. L1.2, the zebrafish paralog of L1.1 and ortholog of the mammalian cell adhesion molecule L1 contributes to spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:325-35. [PMID: 26889968 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the functional role of L1.2, the zebrafish paralog of L1.1 and ortholog of mammalian L1CAM in adult zebrafish spinal cord regeneration after injury. L1CAM and L1.1 have shown beneficial features in ameliorating nervous system dysfunctions in different experimental paradigms. It thus deemed important to characterize the L1.2 member of the L1CAM family, the functions of which are unknown. METHODS Spinal cord transection of adult zebrafish, application of anti-sense morpholino to reduce L1.2 expression, qPCR, immunohistology, immunoblotting, in situ hybridization, retrograde tracing, anterograde tracing. RESULTS Similar to L1.1, L1.2 expression in adult zebrafish is upregulated after spinal cord transection. By co-localization of in situ hybridization and immunohistology, L1.2 is expressed in neurons and, in contrast to L1.1, it is also expressed in GFAP-immunoreactive glia. Reducing L1.2 protein levels leads to impaired locomotor recovery and reduction of regrowth of severed descending axons from a brain stem nucleus which is composed of neurons innately capable of axonal regrowth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the speculation that paralogs of duplicated genes can exert similar functions and may thus represent an advantage over other species that do not carry duplicated genes.
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Calderon D, Bardot E, Dubois N. Probing early heart development to instruct stem cell differentiation strategies. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1130-1144. [PMID: 27580352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have studied organs and their development for centuries and, along that path, described models and mechanisms explaining the developmental principles of organogenesis. In particular, with respect to the heart, new fundamental discoveries are reported continuously that keep changing the way we think about early cardiac development. These discoveries are driven by the need to answer long-standing questions regarding the origin of the earliest cells specified to the cardiac lineage, the differentiation potential of distinct cardiac progenitor cells, and, very importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying these specification events. As evidenced by numerous examples, the wealth of developmental knowledge collected over the years has had an invaluable impact on establishing efficient strategies to generate cardiovascular cell types ex vivo, from either pluripotent stem cells or via direct reprogramming approaches. The ability to generate functional cardiovascular cells in an efficient and reliable manner will contribute to therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and morbidity. Here we will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of cardiac progenitor biology and their translation to the pluripotent stem cell model to illustrate how developmental concepts have instructed regenerative model systems in the past and promise to do so in the future. Developmental Dynamics 245:1130-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damelys Calderon
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Evan Bardot
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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9
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Xiong JW, Chang NN. Recent advances in heart regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:160-9. [PMID: 24078494 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and tissue engineering are very promising for cardiac regenerative medicine, studies with model organisms for heart regeneration will provide alternative therapeutic targets and opportunities. Here, we present a review on heart regeneration, with a particular focus on the most recent work in mouse and zebrafish. We attempt to summarize the recent progresses and bottlenecks of CSCs and tissue engineering for heart regeneration; and emphasize what we have learned from mouse and zebrafish regenerative models on discovering crucial genetic and epigenetic factors for stimulating heart regeneration; and speculate the potential application of these regenerative factors for heart failure. A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- are from Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Johnson AC, Turko AJ, Klaiman JM, Johnston EF, Gillis TE. Cold acclimation alters the connective tissue content of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) heart. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1868-75. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal acclimation can alter cardiac function and morphology in a number of fish species, but little is known about the regulation of these changes. The purpose of the current study was to determine how cold acclimation affects zebrafish (Danio rerio) cardiac morphology, collagen composition, and connective tissue regulation. Heart volume, the thickness of the compact myocardium, collagen content, and collagen fiber composition were compared between control (27°C) and cold acclimated (20°C) zebrafish using serially sectioned hearts stained with picrosirius red. Collagen content and fiber composition of the pericardial membrane were also examined. Cold acclimation did not affect the volume of the contracted heart, however there was a significant decrease in the thickness of the compact myocardium. There was also a decrease in the collagen content of the compact myocardium and in amount of thick collagen fibers throughout the heart. Cold-acclimated zebrafish also increased expression of the gene transcript for matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and collagen Type 1 α1. We propose that the reduction in the thickness of the compact myocardium as well as the change in collagen content may help to maintain the compliance of the ventricle as temperatures decrease. Together, these results clearly demonstrate that the zebrafish heart undergoes significant remodelling in response to cold acclimation.
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