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Song J, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Kouis P, Rasmussen LJ, Dai F. Effects of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction on reproductive aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1347286. [PMID: 38465288 PMCID: PMC10920300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1347286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the versatile organelles crucial for cellular and organismal viability, play a pivotal role in meeting the energy requirements of cells through the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, concomitant with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A wealth of evidence derived from contemporary investigations on reproductive longevity strongly indicates that the aberrant elevation of ROS level constitutes a fundamental factor in hastening the aging process of reproductive systems which are responsible for transmission of DNA to future generations. Constant changes in redox status, with a pro-oxidant shift mainly through the mitochondrial generation of ROS, are linked to the modulation of physiological and pathological pathways in gametes and reproductive tissues. Furthermore, the quantity and quality of mitochondria essential to capacitation and fertilization are increasingly associated with reproductive aging. The article aims to provide current understanding of the contributions of ROS derived from mitochondrial respiration to the process of reproductive aging. Moreover, understanding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on both female and male fertility is conducive to finding therapeutic strategies to slow, prevent or reverse the process of gamete aging, and thereby increase reproductive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panayiotis Kouis
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Liao X, Li W, Lin K, Jin W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ma M, Xie Y, Yu W, Yan Z, Gao H, Zhao L, Si J, Wang Y, Lin J, Chen C, Chen L, Kuang Y, Lyu Q. Significant decrease of maternal mitochondria carryover using optimized spindle-chromosomal complex transfer. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002313. [PMID: 37796762 PMCID: PMC10553349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to a variety of serious multi-organ human diseases, which are strictly inherited from the maternal germline. However, there is currently no curative treatment. Attention has been focused on preventing the transmission of mitochondrial diseases through mitochondrial replacement (MR) therapy, but levels of mutant mtDNA can often unexpectedly undergo significant changes known as mitochondrial genetic drift. Here, we proposed a novel strategy to perform spindle-chromosomal complex transfer (SCCT) with maximal residue removal (MRR) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, thus hopefully eliminated the transmission of mtDNA diseases. With the MRR procedure, we initially investigated the proportions of mtDNA copy numbers in isolated karyoplasts to those of individual oocytes. Spindle-chromosomal morphology and copy number variation (CNV) analysis also confirmed the safety of this method. Then, we reconstructed oocytes by MRR-SCCT, which well developed to blastocysts with minimal mtDNA residue and normal chromosomal copy numbers. Meanwhile, we optimized the manipulation order between intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and SCC transfer and concluded that ICSI-then-transfer was conducive to avoid premature activation of reconstructed oocytes in favor of normal fertilization. Offspring of mice generated by embryos transplantation in vivo and embryonic stem cells derivation further presented evidences for competitive development competence and stable mtDNA carryover without genetic drift. Importantly, we also successfully accomplished SCCT in human MII oocytes resulting in tiny mtDNA residue and excellent embryo development through MRR manipulation. Taken together, our preclinical mouse and human models of the MRR-SCCT strategy not only demonstrated efficient residue removal but also high compatibility with normal embryo development, thus could potentially be served as a feasible clinical treatment to prevent the transmission of inherited mtDNA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaibo Lin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaozhen Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Ma
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Xie
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Yu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yan
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Gao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leiwen Zhao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqiang Si
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Lin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Sun B, Hou J, Ye YX, Chen HG, Duan P, Chen YJ, Xiong CL, Wang YX, Pan A. Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number in relation to semen quality: A cross-sectional study of 1164 potential sperm donors. BJOG 2022; 129:2098-2106. [PMID: 35274799 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and semen quality. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank of China (from April 2017 to July 2018). POPULATION A total of 1164 healthy male sperm donors with 5739 specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure sperm mtDNAcn. We also determined semen volume, concentration and motility parameters (progressive motility, nonprogressive motility and immotility). METHODS Mixed-effect models and general linear models were uses. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, mixed-effect models revealed diminished sperm motility (progressive and total), concentration, and total count across the quartiles of mtDNAcn (all P < 0.05). Compared with men in the lowest quartile, men in the highest quartile of mtDNAcn had lower progressive sperm motility, total motility, concentration and total count of -8.9% (95% CI -12.7% to -5.0%), -8.0% (95% CI -11.6% to -4.4%), -42.8% (95% CI -47.7% to -37.4%), and - 44.3% (95% CI -50.1% to -37.7%), respectively. These inverse dose-response relationships were further confirmed in the cubic spline models, where mtDNAcn was modelled as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS We found that mtDNAcn was inversely associated with semen quality in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide novel clues that sperm mtDNAcn may serve as a useful predictor of human semen characteristics. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number was markedly associated with diminished sperm motility (progressive and total), concentration and total count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heng-Gui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research and Translation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Qin X, Lai KP, Wu RSS, Kong RYC. Continuous 17α-ethinylestradiol exposure impairs the sperm quality of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114093. [PMID: 36084614 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an anthropogenic estrogen that is widely used for hormone therapy and oral contraceptives. It was reported that EE2 exposure induced reproductive impairments through processes affecting reproduction behavior and inducing ovotestis. However, the effects of continuous EE2 exposure on the reproductive performance remain largely unknown. In this study, adult marine medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) were exposed to EE2 (85 ng/L) for one (F0) and two (F1) generations. Our results indicate that continuous EE2 exposure reduced fecundity and sperm motility. The testicular transcriptome, followed by bioinformatic analysis revealed the dysregulation of pathways related to steroidogenesis, sperm motility, and reproductive system development. Collectively, our findings indicate that continuous EE2 exposure directly affected sperm quality via the alteration of steroidogenesis and dysregulation of reproductive system development. The identified key factors including DNM1, PINK1, PDE7B, and SLC12A7 can serve as biomarkers to assess EE2-reduced sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Sha Y, Meng R, Shao T, Yang X, Jin P, Zhuang Y, Min W, Xu D, Jiang Z, Li Y, Li L, Yue W, Yin C. TBC1D21 is an essential factor for sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly and male fertility‡. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:619-634. [PMID: 35403672 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During spermiogenesis, the formation of the mitochondrial sheath is critical for male fertility. The molecular processes that govern the development of the mitochondrial sheath remain unknown. Whether TBC1D21 serves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GTP hydrolysis in the testis is unclear, despite recent findings indicating that it collaborates with numerous proteins to regulate the formation of the mitochondrial sheath. To thoroughly examine the property of TBC1D21 in spermiogenesis, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate the Tbc1d21-/- mice, Tbc1d21D125A R128K mice with mutation in the GAP catalytic residues (IxxDxxR), and Tbc1d21-3xFlag mice. Male Tbc1d21-/- mice were infertile due to the curved spermatozoa flagella. In vitro fertilization is ineffective for Tbc1d21-/- sperm, although healthy offspring were obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Electron microscopy revealed aberrant ultrastructural changes in the mitochondrial sheath. Thirty-four Rab vectors were constructed followed by co-immunoprecipitation, which identified RAB13 as a novel TBC1D21 binding protein. Interestingly, infertility was not observed in Tbc1d21D125A R128K mice harboring the catalytic residue, suggesting that TBC1D21 is not a typical GAP for Rab-GTP hydrolysis. Moreover, TBC1D21 was expressed in the sperm mitochondrial sheath in Tbc1d21-3xFlag mice. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry demonstrated the interactions of TBC1D21 with ACTB, TPM3, SPATA19, and VDAC3 to regulate the architecture of the sperm midpiece. The collective findings suggest that TBC1D21 is a scaffold protein required for the organization and stabilization of the mitochondrial sheath morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Sha
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health & Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ranran Meng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhuang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanping Min
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Reduction of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mitochondrial replacement therapy by inducing forced mitophagy. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:339-350. [PMID: 35437313 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) has been used to prevent maternal transmission of disease-causing mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, because MRT requires nuclear transfer, it carries the risk of mtDNA carryover and hence of the reversion of mtDNA to pathogenic levels owing to selective replication and genetic drift. Here we show in HeLa cells, mouse embryos and human embryos that mtDNA heteroplasmy can be reduced by pre-labelling the mitochondrial outer membrane of a donor zygote via microinjection with an mRNA coding for a transmembrane peptide fused to an autophagy receptor, to induce the degradation of the labelled mitochondria via forced mitophagy. Forced mitophagy reduced mtDNA carryover in newly reconstructed embryos after MRT, and had negligible effects on the growth curve, reproduction, exercise capacity and other behavioural characteristics of the offspring mice. The induction of forced mitophagy to degrade undesired donor mtDNA may increase the clinical feasibility of MRT and could be extended to other nuclear transfer techniques.
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7
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Avidor-Reiss T, Achinger L, Uzbekov R. The Centriole's Role in Miscarriages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864692. [PMID: 35300410 PMCID: PMC8922021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles essential for normal cell function and development; they form the cell’s centrosome (a major cytoplasmic microtubule organization center) and cilium (a sensory and motile hair-like cellular extension). Centrioles with evolutionarily conserved characteristics are found in most animal cell types but are absent in egg cells and exhibit unexpectedly high structural, compositional, and functional diversity in sperm cells. As a result, the centriole’s precise role in fertility and early embryo development is unclear. The centrioles are found in the spermatozoan neck, a strategic location connecting two central functional units: the tail, which propels the sperm to the egg and the head, which holds the paternal genetic material. The spermatozoan neck is an ideal site for evolutionary innovation as it can control tail movement pre-fertilization and the male pronucleus’ behavior post-fertilization. We propose that human, bovine, and most other mammals–which exhibit ancestral centriole-dependent reproduction and two spermatozoan centrioles, where one canonical centriole is maintained, and one atypical centriole is formed–adapted extensive species-specific centriolar features. As a result, these centrioles have a high post-fertilization malfunction rate, resulting in aneuploidy, and miscarriages. In contrast, house mice evolved centriole-independent reproduction, losing the spermatozoan centrioles and overcoming a mechanism that causes miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Luke Achinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Risk compounds, potential mechanisms and biomarkers of Traditional Chinese medicine‐induced reproductive toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1734-1756. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Wade MJ, Fogarty L. Adaptive co-evolution of mitochondria and the Y-chromosome: A resolution to conflict between evolutionary opponents. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17307-17313. [PMID: 34938509 PMCID: PMC8668801 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In most species with motile sperm, male fertility depends upon genes located on the Y-chromosome and in the mitochondrial genome. Coordinated adaptive evolution for the function of male fertility between genes on the Y and the mitochondrion is hampered by their uniparental inheritance in opposing sexes: The Y-chromosome is inherited uniparentally, father to son, and the mitochondrion is inherited maternally, mother to offspring. Preserving male fertility is problematic, because maternal inheritance permits mitochondrial mutations advantageous to females, but deleterious to male fertility, to accumulate in a population. Although uniparental inheritance with sex-restricted adaptation also affects genes on the Y-chromosome, females lack a Y-chromosome and escape the potential maladaptive consequences of male-limited selection. Evolutionary models have shown that mitochondrial mutations deleterious to male fertility can be countered by compensatory evolution of Y-linked mutations that restore it. However, direct adaptive coevolution of Y- and mitochondrial gene combinations has not yet been mathematically characterized. We use population genetic models to show that adaptive coevolution of Y and mitochondrial genes are possible when Y-mt gene combinations have positive effects on male fertility and populations are inbred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel Fogarty
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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10
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Tiwari S, Dewry RK, Srivastava R, Nath S, Mohanty TK. Targeted antioxidant delivery modulates mitochondrial functions, ameliorates oxidative stress and preserve sperm quality during cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2021; 179:22-31. [PMID: 34823058 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with a multifaceted role in cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis, signaling and calcium homeostasis. During oxidative phosphorylation, sperm mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) at physiological levels mediating signaling pathways essential for sperm fertilizing competence. Moreover, sperm subpopulation with active mitochondria is positively associated with sperm motility, chromatin and plasma membrane integrity, and normal morphology. However, the osmotic and thermal stress, and intracellular ice crystal formation generate excess ROS to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, potentiating cryoprotectant-induced calcium overload in the mitochondrial matrix. It further stimulates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) to release pro-apoptotic factors from mitochondria and initiate apoptotic cascade, with a decrease in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and altered sperm functions. To improve the male reproductive potential, it is essential to address challenges in semen cryopreservation, precisely the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on sperm quality. During semen cryopreservation, the supplementation of extended semen with conventional antioxidants is extensively reported. However, the outcomes of supplementation to improve semen quality are inconclusive across different species, which is chiefly attributed to the unknown bioavailability of antioxidants at the primary site of ROS generation, i.e., mitochondria. Increasing evidence suggests that the targeted delivery of antioxidants to sperm mitochondria is superior in mitigating oxidative stress and improving semen freezability than conventional antioxidants. Therefore, the present review comprehensively describes mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, their mechanism of action and effects of supplementation on improving semen cryopreservation efficiency in different species. Moreover, it also discusses the significance of active mitochondria in determining sperm fertilizing competence, cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and its implications on sperm fertility. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants to modulate mitochondrial functions and improve semen quality has been reviewed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Tiwari
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, LPM Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - R K Dewry
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, LPM Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashika Srivastava
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, LPM Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Nath
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, LPM Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - T K Mohanty
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, LPM Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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ELANGO KAMARAJ, KUMARESAN ARUMUGAM, ASHOKAN MANOKARAN, KARUTHADURAI THIRUMALAISAMY, NAG PRADEEP, BHASKAR MULINTI, PRASAD BAKTHAVATHSALAMARUN, JEYAKUMAR SAKTHIVEL, MANIMARAN AYYASAMY, BHAT VINOD, RAMESHA KEREKOPPA. Dynamics of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA damage during cryopreservation of cattle and buffalo bull spermatozoa. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i1.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the changes in the spermatozoa during cryopreservation is indispensable for tailoring and increasing the efficiency of cryopreservation process success. However, the dynamics of damage to sperm organelles during different stages of cryopreservation is underexplored. This study assessed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA damage during different stages of cryopreservation, viz. immediately after ejaculation, after equilibration and after freezing and thawing in cattle and buffalo spermatozoa using flow cytometry. Proportion of spermatozoa with high MMP decreased significantly after equilibration (from 66.06±4.59 to 42.58±6.30 in Holstein bulls and from 60.32±5.51 to 39.98±7.58 in buffalo bulls). Sperm DNA integrity [DNA fragmentation index (DFI %)] in Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls did not differ significantly between fresh and equilibrated samples but a significantly higher % DFI was observed in frozen-thawed semen samples as compared to both fresh and equilibrated samples. In contrast, % DFI in buffalo spermatozoa did not differ among the three stages of cryopreservation. It was concluded that mitochondrial damages occur during equilibration while chromatin damages occur during freezing and thawing of cattle bull spermatozoa; whereas buffalo bull spermatozoa were lesser susceptible to DNA damage during cryopreservation as compared to cattle spermatozoa.
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Schwartz JH. Evolution, systematics, and the unnatural history of mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2021; 32:126-151. [PMID: 33818247 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2021.1899165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tenets underlying the use of mtDNA in phylogenetic and systematic analyses are strict maternal inheritance, clonality, homoplasmy, and difference due to mutation: that is, there are species-specific mtDNA sequences and phylogenetic reconstruction is a matter of comparing these sequences and inferring closeness of relatedness from the degree of sequence similarity. Yet, how mtDNA behavior became so defined is mysterious. Even though early studies of fertilization demonstrated for most animals that not only the head, but the sperm's tail and mitochondria-bearing midpiece penetrate the egg, the opposite - only the head enters the egg - became fact, and mtDNA conceived as maternally transmitted. When midpiece/tail penetration was realized as true, the conceptions 'strict maternal inheritance', etc., and their application to evolutionary endeavors, did not change. Yet there is mounting evidence of paternal mtDNA transmission, paternal and maternal combination, intracellular recombination, and intra- and intercellular heteroplasmy. Clearly, these phenomena impact the systematic and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Schwartz
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Boguenet M, Bouet PE, Spiers A, Reynier P, May-Panloup P. Mitochondria: their role in spermatozoa and in male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:697-719. [PMID: 33555313 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best-known role of spermatozoa is to fertilize the oocyte and to transmit the paternal genome to offspring. These highly specialized cells have a unique structure consisting of all the elements absolutely necessary to each stage of fertilization and to embryonic development. Mature spermatozoa are made up of a head with the nucleus, a neck, and a flagellum that allows motility and that contains a midpiece with a mitochondrial helix. Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production but they also have various other functions. Although mitochondria are recognized as essential to spermatozoa, their exact pathophysiological role and their functioning are complex. Available literature relative to mitochondria in spermatozoa is dense and contradictory in some cases. Furthermore, mitochondria are only indirectly involved in cytoplasmic heredity as their DNA, the paternal mitochondrial DNA, is not transmitted to descendants. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONAL This review aims to summarize available literature on mitochondria in spermatozoa, and, in particular, that with respect to humans, with the perspective of better understanding the anomalies that could be implicated in male infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed original articles and reviews pertaining to human spermatozoa and mitochondria. Searches were performed using keywords belonging to three groups: 'mitochondria' or 'mitochondrial DNA', 'spermatozoa' or 'sperm' and 'reactive oxygen species' or 'calcium' or 'apoptosis' or signaling pathways'. These keywords were combined with other relevant search phrases. References from these articles were used to obtain additional articles. OUTCOMES Mitochondria are central to the metabolism of spermatozoa and they are implicated in energy production, redox equilibrium and calcium regulation, as well as apoptotic pathways, all of which are necessary for flagellar motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and gametic fusion. In numerous cases, alterations in one of the aforementioned functions could be linked to a decline in sperm quality and/or infertility. The link between the mitochondrial genome and the quality of spermatozoa appears to be more complex. Although the quantity of mtDNA, and the existence of large-scale deletions therein, are inversely correlated to sperm quality, the effects of mutations seem to be heterogeneous and particularly related to their pathogenicity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The importance of the role of mitochondria in reproduction, and particularly in gamete quality, has recently emerged following numerous publications. Better understanding of male infertility is of great interest in the current context where a significant decline in sperm quality has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Boguenet
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Bouet
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Andrew Spiers
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pascale May-Panloup
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France.,Reproductive Biology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
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14
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Effect of sperm concentration on boar spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential and motility in semen stored at 17 °C. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202089040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of sperm concentration in the ejaculate on the mitochondrial membrane potential and motility of Landrace boar spermatozoa during storage of diluted semen at 17 °C. The study was conducted on ejaculates collected from 10 boars aged 1.5–2 years. Based on sperm concentration measurements, two groups of boars were identified: Group 1 – boars providing ejaculates with a sperm concentration of at least 500 × 103/mm3 and Group 2 – boars providing ejaculates with a sperm concentration of less than 500 × 103/mm3. Four ejaculates were collected manually from each boar. Each ejaculate was diluted with Biosolvens Plus diluent, and insemination doses were prepared and stored at 17 °C. Mitochondrial membrane potential and motility of spermatozoa were evaluated at each insemination dose. The tests were carried out after 1, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h of storage. Based on the results, it was found that ejaculates with a sperm concentration ≥ 500 × 103/mm3 have a lower share of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential than ejaculates with a sperm concentration below 500 × 103/mm3. A high correlation between the share of spermatozoa with a high mitochondrial membrane potential and motility of spermatozoa was demonstrated in the first 24 h and after 96 h of semen storage, which was confirmed by the calculated phenotypic correlation coefficients. Sperm cells in ejaculates with a higher sperm concentration are more sensitive to storage time than spermatozoa in ejaculates with a lower concentration.
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15
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Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production Alters Sperm Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010092. [PMID: 33440836 PMCID: PMC7827812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides ATP production, mitochondria are key organelles in several cellular functions, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, calcium homoeostasis, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the loss of the majority of the cytoplasm occurring during spermiogenesis, mammalian sperm preserves a number of mitochondria that rearrange in a tubular structure at the level of the sperm flagellum midpiece. Although sperm mitochondria are destroyed inside the zygote, the integrity and the functionality of these organelles seem to be critical for fertilization and embryo development. The aim of this review was to discuss the impact of mitochondria-produced ROS at multiple levels in sperm: the genome, proteome, lipidome, epigenome. How diet, aging and environmental pollution may affect sperm quality and offspring health—by exacerbating oxidative stress—will be also described.
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Feng TY, Lv DL, Zhang X, Du YQ, Yuan YT, Chen MJ, Xi HM, Li Y, Han N, Hu JH. Rosmarinic acid improves boar sperm quality, antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism at 17°C via AMPK activation. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1714-1724. [PMID: 32969084 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Boar sperm are susceptible to oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during storage. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important therapeutic target, because it is a cellular metabolism energy sensor and key signalling kinase in spermatozoa. We evaluated the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), an antioxidant, on boar sperm during liquid storage to determine whether it protects boar sperm via AMPK activation. Boar ejaculates were diluted with Modena extender with different concentrations of RA and stored at 17°C for 9 days. Sperm quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism, AMPK phosphorylation and fertility were analysed. Compared with the control, 40 μmol/L significantly improved sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity (p < .05). The effective storage time of boar sperm was up to 9 days. On the third and seventh days, the sperm with RA exhibited increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (p < .05). Western blot showed that RA, as well as AICAR (AMPK activator), promoted AMPK phosphorylation, whereas Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) inhibited this effect. The sperm-zona pellucida binding experiment showed that 40 μmol/L RA increased the number of sperm attached to the zona pellucida (p < .05). These findings suggest meaningful methods for improved preservation of boar sperm in vitro and provide new insights into the mechanism by which RA protects sperm cells from oxidative damage via AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ye-Qing Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Tian Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei-Jie Chen
- Hangzhou Dongyuan Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ning Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jian-Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Male Factors: the Role of Sperm in Preimplantation Embryo Quality. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1788-1811. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Leboutet R, Chen Y, Legouis R, Culetto E. Mitophagy during development and stress in C. elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Chen H, Liu G, Qiao N, Kang Z, Hu L, Liao J, Yang F, Pang C, Liu B, Zeng Q, Li Y, Li Y. Toxic effects of arsenic trioxide on spermatogonia are associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and metabolomic alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110063. [PMID: 31846860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that can cause male reproductive malfunctions and is widely distributed in the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) induced GC-1 spermatogonial (spg) cells. Our results found that ATO increased the levels of catalase (CAT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while decreasing glutathione (GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Therefore, ATO triggered oxidative stress in GC-1 spg cells. In addition, ATO also caused severe mitochondrial dysfunction that included an increase in residual oxygen consumption (ROX), and decreased the routine respiration, maximal and ATP-linked respiration (ATP-L-R), as well as spare respiratory capacity (SRC), and respiratory control rate (RCR); ATO also damaged the mitochondrial structure, including mitochondrial cristae disordered and dissolved, mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration. Moreover, degradation of p62, LC3 conversion, increasing the number of acidic vesicle organelles (AVOs) and autophagosomes and autolysosomes are demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of ATO may be associated with autophagy. Meanwhile, the metabolomics analysis results showed that 20 metabolites (10 increased and 10 decreased) were significantly altered with the ATO exposure, suggesting that maybe there are the perturbations in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We concluded that ATO was toxic to GC-1 spg cells via inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy as well as the disruption of normal metabolism. This study will aid our understanding of the mechanisms behind ATO-induced spermatogenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gaoyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenlong Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Congying Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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20
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Sênos Demarco R, Jones DL. Mitochondrial fission regulates germ cell differentiation by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling in the Drosophila larval testis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19695. [PMID: 31873089 PMCID: PMC6927965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that have recently emerged as hubs for several metabolic and signaling pathways in the cell. Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by constant fusion and fission events to maintain a functional mitochondrial network and to remodel the mitochondrial network in response to external stimuli. Although the role of mitochondria in later stages of spermatogenesis has been investigated in depth, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulating early germ cell behavior is relatively less-well understood. We previously demonstrated that mitochondrial fusion is required for germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance in the Drosophila testis. Here, we show that mitochondrial fission is also important for regulating the maintenance of early germ cells in larval testes. Inhibition of Drp1 in early germ cells resulted in the loss of GSCs and spermatogonia due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the EGFR pathway in adjacent somatic cyst cells. EGFR activation contributed to premature germ cell differentiation. Our data provide insights into how mitochondrial dynamics can impact germ cell maintenance and differentiation via distinct mechanisms throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sênos Demarco
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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21
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Wu H, Whitcomb BW, Huffman A, Brandon N, Labrie S, Tougias E, Lynch K, Rahil T, Sites CK, Pilsner JR. Associations of sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion rate with fertilization and embryo development in a clinical setting. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:163-170. [PMID: 30428043 PMCID: PMC6295960 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and deletion rate (mtDNAdel) associated with odds of fertilization and high embryo quality at Days 3 and 5? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were associated with lower odds of high quality Day 3 embryos and transfer quality Day 5 embryos, both of which were primarily driven by lowered odds of fertilization. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel have been previously associated with poor semen parameters and clinical male infertility. One prior study has shown that mtDNAdel is associated with lower fertilization rates. However, it is unknown whether these characteristics are linked with ART outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective observational study included 119 sperm samples collected from men undergoing ART in Western Massachusetts. ART outcomes were observed through to Day 5 post-insemination. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS As part of the Sperm Environmental Epigenetics and Development Study (SEEDS), 119 sperm samples were collected from men undergoing ART in Western Massachusetts. Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were measured via triplex probe-based qPCR. Fertilization, Day 3 embryo quality and Day 5 embryo quality measures were fitted with mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel using generalized estimating equations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After adjusting for male age and measurement batches, higher sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were associated with lower odds of fertilization (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01), high quality Day 3 embryos (P = 0.02 for both) and transfer quality Day 5 embryos (P = 0.01 and P = 0.09). However, the associations of mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel with Day 3 high quality status and Day 5 transfer quality status were attenuated in models restricted to fertilized oocytes. Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel remained statistically significant in models adjusted for both male age and semen parameters, although models including both mtDNA markers generally favoured mtDNAdel. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our sample only included oocytes and embryos from 119 couples and thus large diverse cohorts are necessary to confirm the association of sperm mtDNA biomarkers with embryo development. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, our study is the first to assess the associations of sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel with fertilization and embryo quality. The biological mechanism(s) underlying these associations are unknown. Multivariable models suggest that sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel provide discrimination independent of age and semen parameters; therefore, future investigation of the utility of sperm mtDNA as a biomarker for ART outcomes is warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Grant (K22-ES023085) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Huffman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Brandon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Labrie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Tougias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Lynch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Tayyab Rahil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia K Sites
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
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Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental process that exists in all eukaryotic organisms, with a primary function of catabolizing undesirable components to provide energy and essential materials. Increasing evidence illustrates that autophagy is invovled in a broad range of cellular events within the male reproductive system. In the process of spermatogenesis, autophagy is crucial for the formation of specific structures that guarantee successful spermatogenesis, as well as for the degradation of certain constituents. The underlying connections between autophagy and androgen binding protein, lipid metabolism and testosterone biosynthesis would increase our understanding of male testicular endocrinology. Moreover, cumulative studies reveal that autophagy is a double-edged sword when the organism suffers from endocrine disrupting chemicals. This review contains a collection of the current literature concerning the above aspects of autophagy, which may provide insights for future study and exploration. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ABP: androgen-binding protein; AKT: protein kinase B; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ART: assisted reproductive technologies; Atg: autophagy-related gene; CE: cholesteryl ester; CL: corpus luteum; CQ: chloroquine; CYP11A1: cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme; CytC: cytochrome C; DEHP: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; DFCP1: double FYVE-containing protein 1; EDCs: endocrine-disrupting chemicals; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; ES: ectoplasmic specialization; FC: free cholesterol; FIP2000: focal adhesion kinase family interacting protein of 200kDa; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IVF: in vitro fertilization; LC3: microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; LD: lipid droplet; LH: luteinising hormone; MC-LR: microcystin-LR; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblast cells; MT: microtubule; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NHERF2: Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2; NMR: naked mole-rat; PCD: programmed cell death; PDLIM1: PDZ and LIM domain 1; PGCs: primordial germ cells; PGF2α: prostaglandin F2α; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PI3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCG10: superior cervical ganglia protein 10; SR-BI: scavenger receptor class B, type I; StAR protein: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; TC: total cholesterol; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling; ULK1: mammalian uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1; WIPI: WD-repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinci Zhu
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Dandan Wei
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Ma
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
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Seminal plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with human semen quality. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:164-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sperm mitochondrial DNA measures and semen parameters among men undergoing fertility treatment. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:66-75. [PMID: 30502072 PMCID: PMC6339832 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION To examine associations between sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), sperm mitochondrial DNA deletions (mtDNAdel), semen parameters and clinical infertility in an IVF setting. DESIGN A total of 125 sperm samples were collected from men undergoing assisted reproductive procedures in an IVF clinic in Western Massachusetts, USA. Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were measured by probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Semen parameters, clinical diagnoses of infertility, and infertility based on consecutive semen parameters, were fitted with mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel in linear models. The utility of sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel to predict infertility was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Adjusting for relevant covariates, both sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were associated with lower sperm concentration, count, motility and morphology (P ≤ 0.03). Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were also associated with increased risks of clinical infertility based on current and consecutive semen samples. Sperm mtDNAcn had high predictive accuracy for consecutive diagnoses of clinical infertility (C-statistic: 0.91), whereas sperm mtDNAdel had moderate predictive accuracy (C-statistic: 0.75). CONCLUSIONS Sperm mtDNAcn is a measure of consecutive abnormal semen parameters and has promise as a diagnostic test.
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Development of the MitoQ assay as a real-time quantification of mitochondrial DNA in degraded samples. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:411-417. [PMID: 30357456 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA is a reliable genetic material for estimating maternally related haplogroups and ancestries. Exploring maternal DNA inheritance is particularly useful when nuclear DNA is degraded or limited, as the copy number of mitochondrial DNA is far greater than the copy number of nuclear DNA. Normal mitochondrial DNA copy number has been estimated to 100 copies per buccal epithelial cell, 4000 copies in skeletal cells and 7000 copies in myocardial cells. This estimation is usually performed via extrapolation from the nuclear DNA quantitation. It is essential to reduce this variability and accurately quantify the exact number of copies of mitochondrial DNA, especially in compromised samples of a forensic or ancient nature. While useful, the testing of mitochondrial DNA is often long and costly and comes with limited success. The accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA using specific quantitative PCR assays can be used to make better decisions on the downstream testing and success of amplification. As a result, this study develops a real-time assay for the quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and assesses its performance on a set of degraded DNA samples. The developed MitoQ assay has been shown to be highly specific to the human mitochondrial genome with no amplification of nuclear pseudogenes being observed and outperformed a previously published concordant assay. Additionally, a high sensitivity was measured to 280 copies of mitochondrial DNA. Minimal variation was observed between each replication cycle, indicating the assay to be robust and repeatable. Overall, this study presents a real-time assay that is sensitive and robust to quantifying mitochondrial DNA copy number in degraded samples. Furthermore, there is potential to incorporate the assay as an additional target in current qPCR assays which use a six-dye chemistry and provide a complete overview of a sample's quality and quantity.
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Plytycz B, Bigaj J, Panz T, Grzmil P. Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204469. [PMID: 30240427 PMCID: PMC6150523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniformly pigmented Eisenia andrei (Ea) and striped E. fetida (Ef) lumbricid earthworms are hermaphrodites capable of self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, and asymmetrical hybridization. The latter was detected by genotyping of F1 and F2 progeny of the controlled Ea+Ef pairs by species-specific sequences of maternal mitochondrial COI genes and maternal/paternal nuclear S28 rRNA genes. Among F1offspring there were self-fertilized Ea (aAA), Ef (fFF), and cross-fertilized fertile Ea-derived hybrids (aAF); the latter mated with Ea and gave new generation of Ea and hybrids, while mated with Ef gave Ea, Ef, Ea-derived hybrids and sterile Ef-derived hybrids (fFA). Coelomic fluid of Ea exhibits unique fluorescence spectra called here the M-fluorescence considered as a molecular biomarker of this species. Since similar fluorescence was detected also in some Ef (hypothetical hybrids?), the aim of present investigations was to identify the M-positive earthworms among families genotyped previously. It was assumed that factor/s responsible for metabolic pathways leading to production of undefined yet M-fluorophore might be encoded/controlled by alleles of hypothetical nuclear gene of Eisenia sp. segregating independently from species-specific S28 rRNA nuclear genes, where ‘MM’ or ‘Mm’ alleles determine M-positivity while ‘mm’ alleles determine M-negative phenotypes. Spectra of M-fluorescence were detected in all 10 Ea (aAAMM) and 19 Ea-derived hybrids (aAFMm), three of four Ef-derived hybrids (fFAMm) and one ‘atypical’ Ef (fFFMm) among 13 Ef earthworms. Among progeny of ‘atypical’ M-positive Ef (fFFMm) reappeared ‘typical’ M-negative Ef (fFFmm), confirming such hypothesis. Alternatively, the M-fluorescence might be dependent on unknown gene products of vertically-transmitted Ea-specific symbiotic bacteria sexually transferred to the Ef partner. Hypotheses of intrinsic and external origin of M-fluorescence might complement each other. The presence/absence of M-fluorophore does not correspond with body pigmentation patterns; Ef-characteristic banding appeared in posterior parts of hybrids body. In conclusion, Ea/Ef hybridization may serve for further studies on bi-directional gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Janusz Bigaj
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Panz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Johannisson A, Figueiredo M, Al-Kass Z, Morrell J. Simultaneous evaluation of superoxide content and mitochondrial membrane potential in stallion semen samples provides additional information about sperm quality. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:290-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Małota K, Student S, Świątek P. Low mitochondrial activity within developing earthworm male germ-line cysts revealed by JC-1. Mitochondrion 2018; 44:111-121. [PMID: 29398303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The male germ-line cysts that occur in annelids appear to be a very convenient model for spermatogenesis studies. Germ-line cysts in the studied earthworm are composed of two compartments: (1) germ cells, where each cell is connected via one intercellular bridge to (2) an anuclear central cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. In the present paper, confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to follow the changes in the mitochondrial activity and ultrastructure within the cysts during spermatogenesis. JC-1 was used to visualize the populations of mitochondria with a high and low membrane potential. We used the spot detection Imaris software module to obtain the quantitative data. We counted and compared the 'mitochondrial spots' - the smallest detectable signals from mitochondria. It was found that in all of the stages of cyst development, the majority of mitochondria spots showed a green fluorescence, thus indicating a low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, the number of active mitochondria spots that were visualized by red JC-1 fluorescence (high MMP) drastically decreased as spermatogenesis progressed. As much as 26% of the total number of mitochondrial spots in the spermatogonial cysts showed a high MMP - 19% in the spermatocytes, 24% in the isodiametric spermatids and 3% and 6%, respectively, in the cysts that were holding early and late elongate spermatids. The mitochondria were usually thread-like and had an electron-dense matrix and lamellar cristae. Then, during spermiogenesis, the mitochondria within both the spermatids and the cytophore had a tendency to form aggregates in which the mitochondria were cemented by an electron-dense material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Małota
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Plytycz B, Bigaj J, Osikowski A, Hofman S, Falniowski A, Panz T, Grzmil P, Vandenbulcke F. The existence of fertile hybrids of closely related model earthworm species, Eisenia andrei and E. fetida. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191711. [PMID: 29370238 PMCID: PMC5784991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbricid earthworms Eisenia andrei (Ea) and E. fetida (Ef) are simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal insemination capable of self-fertilization while the existence of hybridization of these two species was still debatable. During the present investigation fertile hybrids of Ea and Ef were detected. Virgin specimens of Ea and Ef were laboratory crossed (Ea+Ef) and their progeny was doubly identified. 1 -identified by species-specific maternally derived haploid mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene being either 'a' for worms hatched from Ea ova or 'f' for worms hatched from Ef ova. 2 -identified by the diploid maternal/paternal nuclear DNA sequences of 28s rRNA gene being either 'AA' for Ea, 'FF' for Ef, or AF/FA for their hybrids derived either from the 'aA' or 'fF' ova, respectively. Among offspring of Ea+Ef pairs in F1 generation there were mainly aAA and fFF earthworms resulted from the facilitated self-fertilization and some aAF hybrids from aA ova but none fFA hybrids from fF ova. In F2 generation resulting from aAF hybrids mated with aAA a new generations of aAA and aAF hybrids were noticed, while aAF hybrids mated with fFF gave fFF and both aAF and fFA hybrids. Hybrids intercrossed together produced plenty of cocoons but no hatchlings independently whether aAF+aAF or aAF+fFA were mated. These results indicated that Ea and Ef species, easy to maintain in laboratory and commonly used as convenient models in biomedicine and ecotoxicology, may also serve in studies on molecular basis of interspecific barriers and mechanisms of introgression and speciation. Hypothetically, their asymmetrical hybridization can be modified by some external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Janusz Bigaj
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Falniowski
- Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Panz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Ecologie Numerique et Ecotoxicologie, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Khalil WA, El-Harairy MA, Zeidan AE, Hassan MA, Mohey-Elsaeed O. Evaluation of bull spermatozoa during and after cryopreservation: Structural and ultrastructural insights. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 6:S49-S56. [PMID: 30761321 PMCID: PMC6161860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is a well-established procedure used in veterinary assisted reproduction technology applications. We investigated damaging effects of cryopreservation on the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of bull sperm induced at different temperatures and steps during standard cryopreservation procedure using transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy. We also examined the effect of cryopreservation on sperm DNA and chromatin integrity. Five healthy, fertile Friesian bulls were used, and the ejaculates were obtained using an artificial vagina method. The semen samples were pooled and diluted in a tris-yolk fructose (TYF) for a final concentration of 80 × 106 spermatozoa/ml. The semen samples were packed in straws (0.25 ml), and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Samples were evaluated before dilution, just after dilution (at 37°C), at 2 h and 4 h during equilibration, and after thawing (37°C for 30 s in water bath). In association with step-wise decline in motility and viability, our results showed that the plasma membrane surrounding the sperm head was the most vulnerable structure to cryo-damage with various degrees of swelling, undulation, or loss affecting about 50% of the total sperm population after equilibration and freezing. Typical acrosome reaction was limited to 10% of the spermatozoa after freezing. We also observed increased number of mitochondria with distorted cristae (15%). Chromatin damage was significantly increased by cryopreservation as evident by TEM (9%). This was mainly due to DNA breaks as confirmed by Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) (8.4%) whereas the chromatin structure was less affected as evaluated microscopically by toluidine blue staining. We concluded that, using standard cryopreservation protocol, the most pronounced damage induced by cryopreservation is observed in the plasma membrane. Further improvement of cryopreservation protocols should thus be targeted at reducing plasma membrane damage. Acrosomal, mitochondrial and chromatin damage are also evident but appear to be within acceptable limits as discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. El-Harairy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Sun Z, Xue X, Zhang Y, Niu R, Wang J. Effect of sodium fluoride on the sperm mitochondrial DNA in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:295-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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Ou XH, Sun QY. Mitochondrial replacement techniques or therapies (MRTs) to improve embryo development and to prevent mitochondrial disease transmission. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:371-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Hoang HD, Miller MA. Chemosensory and hyperoxia circuits in C. elegans males influence sperm navigational capacity. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002047. [PMID: 28662030 PMCID: PMC5490939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm’s crucial function is to locate and fuse with a mature oocyte. Under laboratory conditions, Caenorhabditis elegans sperm are very efficient at navigating the hermaphrodite reproductive tract and locating oocytes. Here, we identify chemosensory and oxygen-sensing circuits that affect the sperm’s navigational capacity. Multiple Serpentine Receptor B (SRB) chemosensory receptors regulate Gα pathways in gustatory sensory neurons that extend cilia through the male nose. SRB signaling is necessary and sufficient in these sensory neurons to influence sperm motility parameters. The neuropeptide Y pathway acts together with SRB-13 to antagonize negative effects of the GCY-35 hyperoxia sensor on spermatogenesis. SRB chemoreceptors are not essential for sperm navigation under low oxygen conditions that C. elegans prefers. In ambient oxygen environments, SRB-13 signaling impacts gene expression during spermatogenesis and the sperm’s mitochondria, thereby increasing migration velocity and inhibiting reversals within the hermaphrodite uterus. The SRB-13 transcriptome is highly enriched in genes implicated in pathogen defense, many of which are expressed in diverse tissues. We show that the critical time period for SRB-13 signaling is prior to spermatocyte differentiation. Our results support the model that young C. elegans males sense external environment and oxygen tension, triggering long-lasting downstream signaling events with effects on the sperm’s mitochondria and navigational capacity. Environmental exposures early in male life may alter sperm function and fertility. Habitat loss, disease, climate change, and pollution are thought to negatively affect animal fertility. Sperm are a potential target, but the molecular mechanisms are not understood. The nematode C. elegans is a powerful genetic model to investigate the relationship between environment and male fertility. The hermaphrodite’s transparent epidermis permits the direct visualization of migrating male sperm and fertilization. In this study, we identified multiple serpentine receptor B (SRB) chemosensory receptors that are expressed in amphid sensory neurons, which extend cilia through the male nose. These SRB chemoreceptors are necessary to produce sperm that are efficient at navigating the hermaphrodite reproductive tract to the fertilization site. We show that SRB-13 signaling counteracts the negative effect of GCY-35 O2 sensor activity, thereby maintaining sperm mitochondrial function and navigational capacity in hyperoxic conditions. Of particular interest, SRB-13 acts in early larval stage males prior to testis maturation. We propose that young males respond to specific stressful environments by altering SRB neural circuits, which in turn impact sperm mitochondrial function and motility. This chemosensory mechanism may be part of a systemic response in C. elegans males to external environment and oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu D. Hoang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Miller
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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He B, Guo H, Gong Y, Zhao R. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in boar sperm is mediated by activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Theriogenology 2017; 87:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hesser A, Darr C, Gonzales K, Power H, Scanlan T, Thompson J, Love C, Christensen B, Meyers S. Semen evaluation and fertility assessment in a purebred dog breeding facility. Theriogenology 2017; 87:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishii
- Office of Health and Safety; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
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37
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Svoboda P, Fulka H, Malik R. Clearance of Parental Products. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 953:489-535. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Orsztynowicz M, Pawlak P, Podstawski Z, Nizanski W, Partyka A, Gotowiecka M, Kosiniak-Kamysz K, Lechniak D. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Spermatozoa of Fertile Stallions. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:378-85. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Orsztynowicz
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - P Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Z Podstawski
- Department of Horse Breeding; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - W Nizanski
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - A Partyka
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - M Gotowiecka
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - K Kosiniak-Kamysz
- Department of Horse Breeding; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - D Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
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Liu XX, Zhang H, Shen XF, Liu FJ, Liu J, Wang WJ. Characteristics of testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 and its association with human sperm quality. Hum Reprod 2015; 31:273-9. [PMID: 26677959 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between the expression of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) 2 in spermatozoa and sperm quality in both elderly men and young asthenozoospermia patients? SUMMARY ANSWER Spermatozoa from elderly men and young asthenozoospermia patients show decreased expression of PGK2, which has a close positive relationship with sperm quality. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PGK1 and PGK2 are involved in spermatogenesis and thought to be related to sperm motility. However, limited information is known about their temporal-spatial expression in human spermatogenesis and their relationship with sperm quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a case-control study including 30 healthy young males (aged 28-31 years), 30 elderly men (aged 68-70 years), and 30 asthenozoospermic patients (aged 25-40 years, progressive motility <32%) who donated semen samples. Furthermore, young testes samples were obtained from five fathers (27-33 years old) who had died in car accidents, while aged testes samples were obtained from five elderly fathers (78-82 years old) who were prostate cancer patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Semen samples from young adults, elderly men and asthenozoospermic patients were prepared, and their parameters were assessed by Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA). Sperm proteins were extracted for western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the cellular localization of PGK1 and PGK2 in testes samples. Sperm immunofluorescence quantification experiments identified the differential expression of PGK1 and PGK2 in sperm from young adults, elderly men and asthenozoospermic patients. Antibodies against PGK1 and PGK2 were used to test their influence on sperm motility and penetration into viscous media. A modified Kremer test using methyl cellulose was adopted to assess sperm function via penetration into viscous media. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Cellular localization analysis showed that PGK1 was mainly expressed in spermatogonia whereas PGK2 was mainly expressed in round spermatids. Expression levels of both PGKs were significantly decreased in the testis with ageing (P < 0.05). Western blot and immunofluorescence quantification showed markedly lower expression of PGK2 (P < 0.05) in sperm from elderly men or asthenozoospermic patients compared sperm from with healthy young men. Sperm functional analysis validated the close relationship between expression of PGK2 and sperm motility (staining percentage, r = 0.60, P < 0.05; intensity, r = 0.59, P < 0.05). Use of an anti-PGK2 antibody on sperm significantly decreased their ability to penetrate into a cervical mucus substitute (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Before any clinical applications using PGK2 to assess sperm quality can be developed, more cases should be used to evaluate this approach. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study provides new insights into the role of PGKs in male reproduction. The results also indicate that PGK2 is a promising molecular candidate for the assessment of sperm quality and the screening of male contraceptive targets. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81300533, 81370013 and 81000277) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2013HQ002). The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Shen
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jun Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital/Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, P.R. China
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Cassina A, Silveira P, Cantu L, Montes JM, Radi R, Sapiro R. Defective Human Sperm Cells Are Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidant Production1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:119. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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41
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Jin JM, Hou CC, Tan FQ, Yang WX. The potential function of prohibitin during spermatogenesis in Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:805-22. [PMID: 26384251 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin proteins are multifunctional proteins located mainly at the inner membrane of mitochondria expressed in universal species. They play a vital role in mitochondria's function, cell proteolysis, senescence, apoptosis and as a substrate for ubiquitination. In this study, we used PCR cloning, protein and nucleotide acids alignment, protein structure prediction, western blot, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence to study the characteristics of the prohibitin gene and the potential role of prohibitin in spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis processes in the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis. First, we cloned a 1452-bp full-length cDNA from the testis of Cynops orientalis. Second, we found that the 272 amino acids of prohibitin have a SPFH family domain. Thirdly, the western blots showed high expression of prohibitin in testis while the protein size was approximately 32 kDa. Fourthly, the results of in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence experiments showed that most of the prohibitins travelled with the mitochondria's migration in Cynops orientalis. The quantities of mRNA decreased as spermiogenesis proceeded, although the signals of prohibitins existed during the whole period of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. In the mature germ cells, the signals of prohibitins were weak and aggregated at the end of the cell. Finally, we discovered that the Sertoli cells had a large quantity of prohibitins and we made several assumptions of prohibitins' potential roles in those cells. This is the first time that the relationship between mitochondria and prohibitin in different stages of the sperm cells in Cynops orientalis has been examined, which also revealed that Sertoli cells have abundant prohibitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Jin
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cong-Cong Hou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Djeddi A, Al Rawi S, Deuve JL, Perrois C, Liu YY, Russeau M, Sachse M, Galy V. Sperm-inherited organelle clearance in C. elegans relies on LC3-dependent autophagosome targeting to the pericentrosomal area. Development 2015; 142:1705-16. [PMID: 25922527 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagic degradation of sperm-inherited organelles prevents paternal mitochondrial DNA transmission in C. elegans. The recruitment of autophagy markers around sperm mitochondria has also been observed in mouse and fly embryos but their role in degradation is debated. Both worm Atg8 ubiquitin-like proteins, LGG-1/GABARAP and LGG-2/LC3, are recruited around sperm organelles after fertilization. Whereas LGG-1 depletion affects autophagosome function, stabilizes the substrates and is lethal, we demonstrate that LGG-2 is dispensable for autophagosome formation but participates in their microtubule-dependent transport toward the pericentrosomal area prior to acidification. In the absence of LGG-2, autophagosomes and their substrates remain clustered at the cell cortex, away from the centrosomes and their associated lysosomes. Thus, the clearance of sperm organelles is delayed and their segregation between blastomeres prevented. This allowed us to reveal a role of the RAB-5/RAB-7 GTPases in autophagosome formation. In conclusion, the major contribution of LGG-2 in sperm-inherited organelle clearance resides in its capacity to mediate the retrograde transport of autophagosomes rather than their fusion with acidic compartments: a potential key function of LC3 in controlling the fate of sperm mitochondria in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderazak Djeddi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Sara Al Rawi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Jane Lynda Deuve
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Charlene Perrois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marion Russeau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Martin Sachse
- PFMU, Imagopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Vincent Galy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris F-75005, France
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Peña FJ, Plaza Davila M, Ball BA, Squires EL, Martin Muñoz P, Ortega Ferrusola C, Balao da Silva C. The Impact of Reproductive Technologies on Stallion Mitochondrial Function. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:529-37. [PMID: 26031351 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The traditional assessment of stallion sperm comprises evaluation of sperm motility and membrane integrity and identification of abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa. More recently, the progressive introduction of flow cytometry is increasing the number of tests available. However, compared with other sperm structures and functions, the evaluation of mitochondria has received less attention in stallion andrology. Recent research indicates that sperm mitochondria are key structures in sperm function suffering major changes during biotechnological procedures such as cryopreservation. In this paper, mitochondrial structure and function will be reviewed in the stallion, when possible specific stallion studies will be discussed, and general findings on mammalian mitochondrial function will be argued when relevant. Especial emphasis will be put on their role as source of reactive oxygen species and in their role regulating sperm lifespan, a possible target to investigate with the aim to improve the quality of frozen-thawed stallion sperm. Later on, the impact of current sperm technologies, principally cryopreservation, on mitochondrial function will be discussed pointing out novel areas of research interest with high potential to improve current sperm technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Plaza Davila
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - B A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E L Squires
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Martin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - C Ortega Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - C Balao da Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Schatten H, Sun QY, Prather R. The impact of mitochondrial function/dysfunction on IVF and new treatment possibilities for infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:111. [PMID: 25421171 PMCID: PMC4297407 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital roles in oocyte functions and they are critical indicators of oocyte quality which is important for fertilization and development into viable offspring. Quality-compromised oocytes are correlated with infertility, developmental disorders, reduced blastocyst cell number and embryo loss in which mitochondrial dysfunctions play a significant role. Increasingly, women affected by metabolic disorders such as diabetes or obesity and oocyte aging are seeking treatment in IVF clinics to overcome the effects of adverse metabolic conditions on mitochondrial functions and new treatments have become available to restore oocyte quality. The past decade has seen enormous advances in potential therapies to restore oocyte quality and includes dietary components and transfer of mitochondria from cells with mitochondrial integrity into mitochondria-impaired oocytes. New technologies have opened up new possibilities for therapeutic advances which will increase the success rates for IVF of oocytes from women with compromised oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, China
| | - Randall Prather
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA
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