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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Zafari J, Javani Jouni F, Sadeghi H, Abbasifard M. Assessing Radiosensitivity: Effects of Acute Ionizing Radiation on Inflammation and Apoptosis in Macrophage Cell Line (RAW 264.7). J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e40. [PMID: 38028879 PMCID: PMC10658128 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The responses of biological systems to various types of radiation have multifaceted dimensions. In the field of ionizing radiation, in vitro external gamma radiation therapy has primarily been studied as a model to elucidate the challenges that biological systems face from radiation effects. Exposure of cells/organisms to gamma radiation results in a cascade of ionization events that can cause severe and irreversible biological damage. However, the biological responses and oxidative stress-related mechanisms under acute radiation conditions remain poorly understood in inflammatory systems. The present study aimed to provide a model of the effect of ionizing radiation on macrophages, which play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of inflammation, to assess the impact of radiotherapy as an approach to treating inflammatory diseases. Methods: A macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was cultured and exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (4, 6, 8, 10 Gy). Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic genes, and cytokine secretion of macrophages were also evaluated. Results: The results showed that gamma radiation at 4 Gy had a low effect on macrophage characteristics and cytokine secretion patterns. In contrast, higher doses (8 and 10 Gy) increased DNA damage, expression of apoptotic genes, and secretion of NO and PGE2 cytokines. 6 Gy radiation, the maximum radiation dose, showed moderate non-destructive effects and inflammation process modulation. In this study, doses higher than 6 Gy of Gamma radiation caused cell mortality. Conclusion: It appears that 6 Gy of gamma radiation modulates the inflammatory cascade caused by macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Jaber Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Javani Jouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Sadeghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Zhang Y, Lv N, Li M, Liu M, Wu C. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: tumor defenders in radiation therapy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:541. [PMID: 37607935 PMCID: PMC10444767 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment that are involved in multiple aspects of cancer progression and considered contributors to tumor immune escape. CAFs exhibit a unique radiation resistance phenotype, and can survive clinical radiation doses; however, ionizing radiation can induce changes in their secretions and influence tumor progression by acting on tumor and immune cells. In this review, we describe current knowledge of the effects of radiation therapies on CAFs, as well as summarizing understanding of crosstalk among CAFs, tumor cells, and immune cells. We highlight the important role of CAFs in radiotherapy resistance, and discuss current and future radiotherapy strategies for targeting CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Manshi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chunli Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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Seo YN, Baik JS, Lee SM, Lee JE, Ahn HR, Lim MS, Park MT, Kim SD. Ionizing Radiation Selectively Increases CXC Ligand 10 Level via the DNA-Damage-Induced p38 MAPK-STAT1 Pathway in Murine J774A.1 Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071009. [PMID: 37048082 PMCID: PMC10093567 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is an important means of tumor treatment in addition to surgery and drugs. Attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy by identifying the various biological effects of IR on cells. Components of the tumor microenvironment, such as macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, influence cancer treatment outcomes through communication with tumor cells. In this study, we found that IR selectively increased the production of CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), which is emerging as an important biomarker for determining the prognosis of anticancer treatments, without changing the levels of CXCL9 and CXCL11 in murine J774A.1 macrophages. Pretreatment with KU55933, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibited IR-induced CXCL10 production. In contrast, pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, did not inhibit IR-induced CXCL10 production. Further, we attempted to identify the intracellular molecular target associated with the IR-induced increase in CXCL10 secretion by J774A.1 macrophages. IR phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in J774A.1 macrophages, and p38 MAPK and STAT1 were involved in CXCL10 via IR using pharmacological inhibitors (SB203580 and fludarabine, respectively) and the siRNA technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Na Seo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inge University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sue Baik
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mi Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.)
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Sinigrin Attenuates the Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating the MAPK Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:787-807. [PMID: 36622573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal inflammatory disease characterised by the loss of intestinal crypts, edema, mucosal ulceration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa. The current study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of sinigrin and underlying mechanisms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. DSS-induced colitis models were used to demonstrate sinigrin's therapeutic/protective action. Mice were orally administered with sinigrin (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) for a period of 12 days in both prophylactic and therapeutic models. Animal weights, stool consistency, and bleeding parameters were measured throughout the experimental period. After the experimental period, colon lengths were measured, and colon tissues were harvested to determine the levels of oxidative stress-inducing factors (nitrates and MDA levels) and anti-oxidant components (GSH, SOD, and catalase). Furthermore, gene expression analysis, IL-17 levels, and inflammatory marker expressions were measured using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods respectively. Furthermore, histopathological observations and elucidation of the mechanism of action were determined using H&E analysis and Western blot analysis. Sinigrin treatment (in both prophylactic and therapeutic models) significantly mitigated the DSS-induced body weight loss, attenuated the colon length shrinkage, and improved the disease index score (p < 0.001). Further results revealed that sinigrin's protective/therapeutic effect is associated with a significant attenuation of pro‑inflammatory cytokine production (p < 0.001), reversing the anti-oxidant enzyme levels (p < 0.001) and substantial improvement (2 folds) of the disruption of the colonic morphology in colon tissues compared to DSS control. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that sinigrin treatment remarkably reduced the DSS-induced myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and CD68 expression in colon tissues. Additionally, sinigrin successfully abrogated the DSS-induced IL-17 levels (p < 0.001) and improved the colonic barrier in colon tissues. Overall, these results demonstrated that sinigrin exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS‑induced colitis, by enhancing the anti-oxidant enzymes and suppressing the intestinal inflammatory cascade of markers by regulating the MAPK pathway.
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Baik JS, Seo YN, Lee YC, Yi JM, Rhee MH, Park MT, Kim SD. Involvement of the p38 MAPK-NLRC4-Caspase-1 Pathway in Ionizing Radiation-Enhanced Macrophage IL-1β Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213757. [PMID: 36430236 PMCID: PMC9698243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and are crucial in regulating tumor malignancy. We previously reported that ionizing radiation (IR) increases the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages, contributing to the malignancy of colorectal cancer cells; however, the mechanism remained unclear. Here, we show that IR increases the activity of cysteine-aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), which is regulated by the inflammasome, and cleaves premature IL-1β to mature IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages. Irradiated RAW264.7 cells showed increased expression of NLRC4 inflammasome, which controls the activity of caspase-1 and IL-1β production. Silencing of NLRC4 using RNA interference inhibited the IR-induced increase in IL-1β production. Activation of the inflammasome can be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s in macrophages. In RAW264.7 cells, IR increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Moreover, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β production and NLRC4 inflammasome expression in irradiated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that IR-induced activation of the p38 MAPK-NLRC4-caspase-1 activation pathway in macrophages increases IL-1β production in response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sue Baik
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - You Na Seo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inge University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inge University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.); Tel.: +82-51-720-5141 (M.-T.P.); +82-53-950-5958 (S.D.K.)
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.); Tel.: +82-51-720-5141 (M.-T.P.); +82-53-950-5958 (S.D.K.)
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Rivolta AA, Pittman DC, Kappes AJ, Stancil RK, Kogan C, Sanz MG. The type of anticoagulant used for plasma collection affects in vitro Rhodococcus equi assays. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:50. [PMID: 35164828 PMCID: PMC8842809 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The efficacy of Rhodococcus equi-specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) is usually evaluated in vitro. Anticoagulants (AC) used for plasma collection can negatively impact bacterial replication but their effect on R. equi growth has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish the effect that AC routinely used in veterinary medicine (ACD, K2EDTA, Li Heparin, and Na Citrate) have on in vitro R. equi growth. To assess this, in vitro assays commonly used to test HIP efficacy (direct effect on microorganism and macrophage infection), were performed using each AC and non-treated bacteria.
Results
There was no direct effect of ACD, Li Heparin or Na Citrate on R. equi growth. These AC significantly (p < 0.05) delayed growth for 12 h following opsonization. The number of R. equi colonies after macrophage infection was significantly (p < 0.05) lower 72 h post-opsonization with Na Citrate. K2EDTA inhibited the formation of R. equi colonies by 12 h in all the assays. In conclusion, AC should be taken into consideration when interpreting in vitro results as their negative effect on bacterial growth may be mistakenly interpreted as HIP efficacy. ACD and Li Heparin appear more appropriate for the selected assays.
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Tan G, Lin C, Huang C, Chen B, Chen J, Shi Y, Zhi F. Radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and radiation-induced gut damages are regulated by gasdermin E. Cancer Lett 2021; 529:1-10. [PMID: 34979164 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is an important clinical option available for colorectal cancer (CRC), its use is restricted due to low radiosensitivity of CRC and high toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism by which CRC is not sensitive to radiation and radiation causes toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Here we found that GSDME was silenced in CRC but markedly expressed in their surrounding normal tissues. GSDME determines radiation-induced pyroptosis in CRC cells and normal epithelial cells through the caspase-3-dependent pathway. GSDME expression sensitizes radioresistant CRC cells to radiation. In the homograft model, after radiation treatment, the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased in GSDME-expressed homograft tumors compared to GSDME-knockout homograft tumors. On the mechanism, radiation induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in CRC cells, which recruited and activated NK cells to enhance antitumor immunity. In addition, GSDME-knockout mice were protected from radiation-induced weight loss and tissue damages in the intestine, stomach, liver and pancreas compared to wild-type control littermates. In summary, we show that GSDME determines CRC radiosensitivity and radiation-related toxicity to surrounding normal tissues through caspase-3-dependent pyroptosis. Our finding reveals a previously unrecognized link between radiation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunjing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanqiang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mukaila YO, Ajao AAN, Moteetee AN. Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. (Meliaceae: Sapindales): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114253. [PMID: 34058312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Khaya grandifoliola is a well-known tree species in Africa with a conservation status of 'vulnerable' due to its overexploitation by the wood industry. Several studies have recorded numerous ethnobotanical uses of this plant, as well as the scientific validation of the efficacy of extracts from different plant parts used for the treatment of various ailments. However, this useful information is scattered throughout the literature and thus there is no opportunity to identify the existing knowledge gaps. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to highlight the medicinal importance of Khaya grandifoliola including its known phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicology, to encourage a refocused conservation strategy since all current efforts are geared towards maintaining its continuous supply to the wood industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles on K. grandifoliola were sourced from online databases such as Google Scholar, Medicine, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SciFinder and other science journal websites up to May 2020. The search was conducted using various combinations of keywords such as biotechnological uses, biological activity, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, indigenous uses, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, proximate composition, toxicity, and traditional uses of K. grandifoliola. All downloaded articles were screened to determine their relevance to the scope of the review and the selected papers were included. RESULTS The review revealed a host of ethnomedicinal uses such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-sickling, anti-ulcerogenic, and hepatoprotective, many of which are supported by scientific data. More importantly, toxicity tests revealed that many of the extracts are safe at various therapeutic doses. Important knowledge gaps that should be explored include phytochemical characterization and validation of some ethnobotanical claims on the folkloric usage of the plant. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the importance of K. grandifoliola in the wood industry, this review reveals that its use as a medicine is equally important. Its medicinal uses are also well supported with scientific studies as well as favourable toxicological studies though some scientific knowledge gaps require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ola Mukaila
- Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulwakeel Ayokun-Nun Ajao
- Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Annah Ntsamaeeng Moteetee
- Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
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Hur J, Lee HG, Kim E, Won JP, Cho Y, Choi MJ, Lee H, Seo HG. Ginseng leaf extract ameliorates the survival of endotoxemic mice by inhibiting the release of high mobility group box 1. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13805. [PMID: 34096077 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a well-defined mediator involved in the pathophysiologic response to endotoxemia and sepsis. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic agents that could prevent its release are not fully elucidated. Here, the present study demonstrates that the ginseng leaf extract (GLE) regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered release of HMGB1 in macrophages and endotoxemic animal model. Treatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with GLE significantly inhibited the release of HMGB1 stimulated by LPS. GLE also suppressed the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner. These effects of GLE were accompanied by inhibition of HMGB1 release stimulated by LPS, indicating a potential mechanism by which GLE regulates HMGB1 release through NO signaling. Furthermore, induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 by GLE-mediated GLE-dependent suppression of HMGB1 release and NO/iNOS induction by inhibiting Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signal in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to LPS. Finally, administration of the GLE ameliorated the survival rate of LPS-injected endotoxemic mice in a NO-dependent manner. Thus, GLE may block the LPS-stimulated release of HMGB1 by regulating cellular signal networks, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy for endotoxemia as a functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released into the extracellular milieu when immune cells are exposed to pathogen-related molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in which it acts as a critical mediator of lethality in sepsis and endotoxemia. The extract of ginseng leaf, which is a part that can be easily thrown away, ameliorated the survival rate of endotoxemic mice by inhibiting HMGB1 secretion in a NO-dependent manner. Thus, this study suggests that ginseng leaf can be used as a functional food by resolving the immune responses in the pathology of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Hur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Gyoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Pil Won
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- Health Balance R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Miao L, Guo Y, Tian H. Preclinical Evaluation of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Radioprotective Agent HL-003. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6683836. [PMID: 33688393 PMCID: PMC7914087 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amifostine is a radioprotector with high efficacy but poor safety, short half-life, no oral formulation, and poor compliance, which limits its application. With the increasing risk of exposure to radiation, the development of new radioprotective agents is critical. We previously synthesized a new amifostine derivative, the small molecule compound HL-003. In this study, we focused on evaluating the radioprotective properties of HL-003. Using the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, we initially confirmed HL-003 as a strong antioxidant and demonstrated that its free radical scavenging activity was stronger than that of amifostine. Then, we performed an acute toxicity test, a 28-day toxicity test, a 30-day survival rate test, and a pharmacokinetic study, all of which provided aggregate evidence that HL-003 functioned as a small molecule radioprotector with high efficacy, a favorable safety profile, a long half-life, and oral administration. The intestinal radioprotective mechanism of HL-003 was explored in male C57 mice after abdominal irradiation by analyzing intestinal tissue samples with hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and immunofluorescence detection. The results showed that HL-003 protected intestinal DNA from radiation damage and suppressed the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX, phosphorylated p53, and the apoptosis-related proteins caspase-8 and caspase-9, which contributed to maintaining the normal morphology of the small intestine and provided insights into the mechanism of radioprotection. Thus, HL-003 is a small molecule radioprotector with a potential application in radiation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
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11
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Zhang X, Chen X, Wang L, He C, Shi Z, Fu Q, Xu W, Zhang S, Hu S. Review of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicines as a Therapeutic Option for Ionizing Radiation Induced Damage. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:617559. [PMID: 33658941 PMCID: PMC7917257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.617559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation damage refers to acute, delayed, or chronic tissue damage associated with ionizing radiation. Specific or effective therapeutic options for systemic injuries induced by ionizing radiation have not been developed. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal Medicine or Chinese Herbal Prescription exhibit preventive properties against radiation damage. These medicines inhibit tissue injuries and promote repair with very minimal side effects. This study reviews traditional Chinese herbal medicines and prescriptions with radiation protective effects as well as their mechanisms of action. The information obtained will guide the development of alternative radioprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sumin Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Jean Baptiste S, Le THY, Le TKV, Vu DN, Nguyen DD. Anti-cancer Immune-modulatory Activities of Panax Genus Extracts and Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1817065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thi Hoang Yen Le
- Fungal Technology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. K. V. Le
- Faculty of Medicinal Processing, National Institution of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy Nhan Vu
- Institute of Chemistry, Military Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Doan Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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13
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Ginsenoside-Rp1 inhibits radiation-induced effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages and suppresses phenotypic variation in CT26 colon cancer cells. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:843-848. [PMID: 33192128 PMCID: PMC7655488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside-Rp1 (G-Rp1) on the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and its effects on the malignancy of tumor cells. G-Rp1 inhibited the activation of IR-induced DNA damage-related signaling molecules and thereby interfered with the IR-increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-1β. The inhibitory effect of G-Rp1 increased the survival rate of mice inoculated with CT26 colon cancer cells by suppressing the phenotypic variation of tumor cells induced by conditioned medium obtained from IR- and LPS-treated J774A.1 macrophages.
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Silicone elastomer gel impregnated with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ordered diabetic ulcer recovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:119-128. [PMID: 31534201 PMCID: PMC7471442 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient diabetic ulcer healing and scar formation remain a challenge worldwide, owing to a series of disordered and dynamic biological events that occur during the process of healing. A functional wound dressing that is capable of promoting ordered diabetic wound recovery is eagerly anticipated. In this study, we designed a silicone elastomer with embedded 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (PPD-NS) to achieve ordered recovery in scarless diabetic ulcer healing. The nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared through an emulsion evaporation-solidification method and then incorporated into a network of silicone elastomer to form a unique nanostructured lipid carrier-enriched gel formulation. Interestingly, the PPD-NS showed excellent in vitro anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activity. Moreover, in diabetic mice with full-thickness skin excision wound, treatment with PPD-NS significantly promoted in vivo scarless wound healing through suppressing inflammatory infiltration in the inflammatory phase, promoting angiogenesis during the proliferation phase, and regulating collagen deposition in the remodeling phase. Hence, this study demonstrates that the developed PPD-NS could facilitate ordered diabetic wound recovery via multifunctional improvement during different wound-healing phases. This novel approach could be promising for scarless diabetic wound healing.
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15
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Cho HT, Kim JH, Heo W, Lee HS, Lee JJ, Park TS, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Explosively Puffed Ginseng Ameliorates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Injury of Colon by Decreasing Oxidative Stress-Related Apoptotic Cell Execution in Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:490-498. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong-si, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong-si, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Agency for Korea National Food Cluster, Iksan-si, Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Development Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon-si, Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong-si, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong-si, Korea
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16
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Su L, Wang Z, Huang F, Lan R, Chen X, Han D, Zhang L, Zhang W, Hong J. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid mitigates radiation-induced skin damage via NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38MAPK and NF-κB pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:82-90. [PMID: 29677640 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced inflammation plays an important role in radiation-induced tissue injury. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has shown an anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to assess the activity of 18β-GA against radiation-induced skin damage, and explore the underlying mechanisms. In vitro assay revealed 18β-GA treatment decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and decreased p38MAPK phosphorylation, DNA-binding activity of AP-1, and NF-κB activation in irradiated RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, 18β-GA suppressed NF-κB activation by inhibiting NF-κB/p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation and alleviated ROS overproduction in irradiated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo assay showed 18β-GA alleviated severity of radiation-induced skin damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in cutaneous tissues. Our findings demonstrate that 18β-GA exhibits anti-inflammatory actions against radiation-induced skin damage probably by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, activation of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling, and the DNA binding activities of NF-κB and AP-1, consequently suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Deping Han
- Shanghai Biotecan Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201030, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
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17
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Mediesse FK, Boudjeko T, Hasitha A, Gangadhar M, Mbacham WF, Yogeeswari P. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory response by polysaccharide fractions of Khaya grandifoliola (C.D.C.) stem bark, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaves in raw 264.7 macrophages and U87 glioblastoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 29530027 PMCID: PMC5848566 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Khaya grandifoliola (C.D.C.) stem bark, Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr leaves are used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several studies have been performed on the biological activities of secondary metabolites extracted from these plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, the anti-neuro inflammatory and protective roles of the polysaccharides of these three plants have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed at investigating potential use of K. grandifoliola, C. sanguinolenta and C. citratus polysaccharides in the prevention of chronic inflammation. Methods Firstly, the composition of polysaccharide fractions isolated from K. grandifoliola stem bark (KGF), C. sanguinolenta (CSF) and C. citratus (CCF) leaves was assessed. Secondly, the cytotoxicity was evaluated on Raw 264.7 macrophages and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines by the MTT assay. This was followed by the in vitro evaluation of the ability of KGF, CSF and CCF to inhibit lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced overproduction of various pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, ROS and IL1β, TNFα, IL6, NF-kB cytokines). This was done in Raw 264.7 and U87-MG cells. Finally, the in vitro protective effect of KGF, CSF and CCF against LPS-induced toxicity in the U87-MG cells was evaluated. Results CCF was shown to mostly contain sugar and no polyphenol while KGP and CSP contained very few amounts of these metabolites (≤ 2%). The three polysaccharide fractions were non-toxic up to 100 μg.mL− 1. All the polysaccharides at 10 μg/mL inhibited NO production, but only KGF and CCF at 12.5 μg/mL down-regulated LPS-induced ROS overproduction. Finally, 100 μg/mL LPS reduced 50% of U87 cell viability, and pre-treatment with the three polysaccharides significantly increased the proliferation. Conclusion These results suggest that the polysaccharides of K. grandifoliola, C. citratus and C. sanguinolenta could be beneficial in preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases in which neuroinflammation is part of the pathophysiology.
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Lee K, Kwak JH, Pyo S. Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in macrophages through suppression of PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:3073-82. [PMID: 27264984 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many tryptophan metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA) is a tryptophan metabolite reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of this activity is unclear. The present study examined the immunomodulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of 3-HAA on macrophages. Pretreatment of 3-HAA (0.1-10 μg mL(-1)) for 2 h markedly inhibited NO and cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Moreover, translocation and activation of NF-κB by LPS in the nucleus were abrogated through the prevention of IκB degradation by 3-HAA treatment. 3-HAA significantly suppressed LPS-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, whereas MAPKs were not affected by 3-HAA treatment. Furthermore, the inhibition of mTOR by 3-HAA resulted in decreased production of inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activity. Similar results were also observed in primary peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, 3-HAA modulated macrophage polarization. Collectively, the results suggest that 3-HAA has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activation, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungran Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Wu Q, Allouch A, Martins I, Modjtahedi N, Deutsch E, Perfettini JL. Macrophage biology plays a central role during ionizing radiation-elicited tumor response. Biomed J 2017; 40:200-211. [PMID: 28918908 PMCID: PMC6136289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major therapeutic modalities for most solid tumors. The anti-tumor effect of radiation therapy consists of the direct tumor cell killing, as well as the modulation of tumor microenvironment and the activation of immune response against tumors. Radiation therapy has been shown to promote immunogenic cells death, activate dendritic cells and enhance tumor antigen presentation and anti-tumor T cell activation. Radiation therapy also programs innate immune cells such as macrophages that leads to either radiosensitization or radioresistance, according to different tumors and different radiation regimen studied. The mechanisms underlying radiation-induced macrophage activation remain largely elusive. Various molecular players such as NF-κB, MAPKs, p53, reactive oxygen species, inflammasomes have been involved in these processes. The skewing to a pro-inflammatory phenotype thus results in the activation of anti-tumor immune response and enhanced radiotherapy effect. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of radiation-induced macrophage activation and its role in tumor response to radiation therapy is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance radiation therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuji Wu
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Gystave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
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20
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The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice. Food Res Int 2017; 99:623-629. [PMID: 28784525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are often used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, they can also harm healthy cells and cause side effects such as immunosuppression. Especially traditional oriental medicines long used in Asia, may be beneficial candidates for the alleviation of immune diseases. Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) is currently sold in the market as coffee and health drinks. However, NGE was not widely investigated and efficacy remain unclear and essentially nothing is known about their potential immune-regulatory properties. As a result, NGE induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells elevated cytokines levels and NO production. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. NGE encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed short-term treated with NGE mice model. NGE or Red ginseng encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed long-term treated with NGE mice model. Our data clearly show that NGE contains immune-enhancing activity and can be used to treat immunodeficiency.
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21
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Sinigrin inhibits production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing NF-κB/MAPK pathways or NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:163-173. [PMID: 28219839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sinigrin (2-propenyl glucosinolate) is found mainly in broccoli, brussels sprouts, and black mustard seeds. Recently, sinigrin has received attention for its role in disease prevention and health. This study investigated the effect of sinigrin on macrophage function, including the activity of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In a concentration-dependent manner, sinigrin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, sinigrin significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 via suppression of MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Treatment with sinigrin decreased IL-1β and IL-18 production and concurrently suppressed NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated cells, suggesting that the blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation prevented the production of both cytokines. Collectively, these results suggest that sinigrin has immunomodulatory effects by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways or NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings also provide evidence that the pharmacological modulation of sinigrin could have an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Yang S, Kim Y, Jeong D, Kim JH, Kim S, Son YJ, Yoo BC, Jeong EJ, Kim TW, Lee ISH, Cho JY. Pyrrole-Derivative of Chalcone, ( E)-3-Phenyl-1-(2-Pyrrolyl)-2-Propenone, Inhibits Inflammatory Responses via Inhibition of Src, Syk, and TAK1 Kinase Activities. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:595-603. [PMID: 27469142 PMCID: PMC5098538 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-3-Phenyl-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (PPP) is a pyrrole derivative of chalcone, in which the B-ring of chalcone linked to β-carbon is replaced by pyrrole group. While pyrrole has been studied for possible Src inhibition activity, chalcone, especially the substituents on the B-ring, has shown pharmaceutical, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties via inhibition of NF-κB activity. Our study is aimed to investigate whether this novel synthetic compound retains or enhances the pharmaceutically beneficial activities from the both structures. For this purpose, inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells were analyzed. Nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression, and the intracellular inflammatory signaling cascade were measured. Interestingly, PPP strongly inhibited NO release in a dose-dependent manner. To further investigate this anti-inflammatory activity, we identified molecular pathways by immunoblot analyses of nuclear fractions and whole cell lysates prepared from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with or without PPP pretreatment. The nuclear levels of p50, c-Jun, and c-Fos were significantly inhibited when cells were exposed to PPP. Moreover, according to the luciferase reporter gene assay after cotransfection with either TRIF or MyD88 in HEK293 cells, NF-κB-mediated luciferase activity dose-dependently diminished. Additionally, it was confirmed that PPP dampens the upstream signaling cascade of NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Thus, PPP inhibited Syk, Src, and TAK1 activities induced by LPS or induced by overexpression of these genes. Therefore, our results suggest that PPP displays anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of Syk, Src, and TAK1 activity, which may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeong
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Han Lee
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Malhotra P, Adhikari M, Mishra S, Singh S, Kumar P, Singh SK, Kumar R. N-acetyl tryptophan glucopyranoside (NATG) as a countermeasure against gamma radiation-induced immunosuppression in murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1265-1278. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1235788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malhotra
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Singh
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bee Venom in BV2 Microglial Cells: Mediation of MyD88-Dependent NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3704764. [PMID: 27563334 PMCID: PMC4987476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3704764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom has long been used as a traditional folk medicine in Korea. It has been reportedly used for the treatment of arthritis, cancer, and inflammation. Although its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated inflammatory cells has been reported, the exact mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of bee venom in BV2 microglial cells. We first investigated whether NO production in LPS-activated BV2 cells was inhibited by bee venom, and further iNOS mRNA and protein expressions were determined. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Moreover, modulation of the transcription factor NF-κB by bee venom was also investigated using a luciferase assay. LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner upon pretreatment with bee venom. Bee venom markedly reduced the mRNA expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and suppressed LPS-induced activation of MyD88 and IRAK1 and phosphorylation of TAK1. Moreover, NF-κB translocation by IKKα/β phosphorylation and subsequent IκB-α degradation were also attenuated. Thus, collectively, these results indicate that bee venom exerts its anti-inflammatory activity via the IRAK1/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Kim SH, Park JG, Hong YD, Kim E, Baik KS, Yoon DH, Kim S, Lee MN, Rho HS, Shin SS, Cho JY. Src/Syk/IRAK1-targeted anti-inflammatory action of Torreya nucifera butanol fraction in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:167-176. [PMID: 27178629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seed of Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc is used to treat several diseases in Asia. Reports document that T. nucifera has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities. In spite of numerous findings on its pharmacological effects, the understanding of the molecular inhibitory mechanisms of the plant remains to be studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore in vitro anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction (Tn-EE-BF) prepared from the seed of T. nucifera in LPS-stimulated macrophage inflammatory responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, we measured nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, using RT-PCR, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunoblotting analysis, and kinase assay, the levels of inflammatory genes, transcription factors, and inflammatory signal-regulatory proteins were investigated. Finally, the constituent of Tn-EE-BF was identified using HPLC. RESULTS Tn-EE-BF inhibits NO and PGE2 production and also blocks mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in a dose dependent manner. Tn-EE-BF reduces nuclear levels of the transcriptional factors NF-κB (p65) and AP-1 (c-Jun and FRA-1). Surprisingly, we found that Tn-EE-BF inhibits phosphorylation levels of Src and Syk in the NF-κB pathway, as well as, IRAK1 at the protein level, part of the AP-1 pathway. By kinase assay, we confirmed that Src, Syk, and IRAK1 are suppressed directly. HPLC analysis indicates that arctigenin, amentoflavone, and quercetin may be active components with anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Tn-EE-BF exhibits anti-inflammatory activities by direct inhibition of Src/Syk/NF-κB and IRAK1/AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hyoung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baik
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Nam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Foodservice Industry, Chungkang College of Cultural industries, Icheon 17390, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sik Rho
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Lee K, Um SH, Rhee DK, Pyo S. Interferon-alpha inhibits adipogenesis via regulation of JAK/STAT1 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2416-2427. [PMID: 27424923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Adipose tissue regulates energy metabolism by means of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or the differentiation of pre-existing adipocytes. Excessive production of some cytokines in adipose tissue is known to be a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, and the resulting impaired adipogenesis contributes to disorders like insulin resistance. IFN-α is a key immunoregulatory cytokine in the development of type 1 diabetes, lipid disorders and insulin resistance; however, its effect on adipogenesis remains unknown. METHOD We examined the effect of IFN-α on adipocyte differentiation and its mechanisms. The effect of IFN-α on adipogenesis was evaluated by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis and Oil Red O staining. We also investigated the role of STAT1 in adipogenesis using gene silencing analysis. RESULTS IFN-α inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenesis related genes. The inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by IFN-α occurred in the early stages of differentiation. IFN-α arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and regulated the expression of CDK2 and p21. These results were confirmed in MEF cells. Treatment with IFN-α increased STAT1 phosphorylation, and STAT1 siRNA or inhibitor prevented IFN-α from inhibiting the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα as well as cell cycle progression in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSION We suggest that IFN-α inhibits adipocyte differentiation during the early stage of adipogenesis by regulating the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα as well as the cell cycle through JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides new insights into possible mechanisms of the anti-adipogenetic effects of IFN-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungran Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Yu T, Rhee MH, Lee J, Kim SH, Yang Y, Kim HG, Kim Y, Kim C, Kwak YS, Kim JH, Cho JY. Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:595-615. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng’s various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays. Out of all the ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) showed the highest inhibitory activity against the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], and interferons (IFNs). Similarly, this compound attenuated inflammatory symptoms in CIA, EtOH/HCl-mediated gastritis, and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis without altering toxicological parameters, and without inducing gastric irritation. These anti-inflammatory effects were accompanied by the suppression of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 production and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice with CIA. G-Rc also attenuated the increased levels of luciferase activity by IRF-3 and AP-1 but not NF-[Formula: see text]B. In support of this phenomenon, G-Rc reduced TBK1, IRF-3, and ATF2 phosphorylation in the joint and liver tissues of mice with hepatitis. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that G-Rc may be a major component of KRG with useful anti-inflammatory properties due to its suppression of IRF-3 and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- Korean Ginseng Corporation, Central Research Institute, Daejeon 34337, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen DH, Zhao BT, Le DD, Yoon YH, Ko JY, Woo KS, Jun DY, Kim YH, Woo MH. Isolation of Lignan and Fatty Acid Derivatives from the Grains of Echinochloa utilis and Their Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in RAW 264.7 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:425-432. [PMID: 26725284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new fatty acid derivatives, echinochlorins A (8) and B (9) and a racemic lignan, (±)-anti-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-{4-[(E)-3-acetoxypropen-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}propan-1,3-diol 3-acetate (1), were isolated from Echinochloa utilis grains, along with six known lignans (2-7) and two fatty acid derivatives (10, 11). Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analyses (IR, UV, HR-FABMS, GC-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher's method. Compound 5 displayed potential inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 4.8 ± 0.5 μM. These isolated compounds in crude EtOH extract were also quantitated by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
- Phutho College of Pharmacy , Viettri City, Phutho Province 290000, Vietnam
| | - Bing Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Yoon
- Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA , Milyang 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Ko
- Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA , Milyang 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA , Milyang 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Jun
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Anthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1903849. [PMID: 27057092 PMCID: PMC4735930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1903849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone compounds are one of the abundant polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs. However, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms of anthraquinones have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the activity of anthraquinones using acute inflammatory and nociceptive experimental conditions. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, AQCA), one of the major anthraquinones identified from Brazilian taheebo, ameliorated various inflammatory and algesic symptoms in EtOH/HCl- and acetylsalicylic acid- (ASA-) induced gastritis, arachidonic acid-induced edema, and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing without displaying toxic profiles in body and organ weight, gastric irritation, or serum parameters. In addition, AQCA suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in stomach tissues and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells. According to reporter gene assay and immunoblotting analyses, AQCA inhibited activation of the nuclear factor- (NF-) κB and activator protein- (AP-) 1 pathways by suppression of upstream signaling involving interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK1), p38, Src, and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Our data strongly suggest that anthraquinones such as AQCA act as potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive components in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.
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Nguyen DH, Zhao BT, Le DD, Kim KY, Kim YH, Yoon YH, Ko JY, Woo KS, Woo MH. Phenolic Constituents and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity fromEchinochloa utilisGrains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2016.22.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
- Phu Tho College of Pharmacy, Viettri City, Phutho Province 290000, Vietnam
| | - Bing Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yun Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Yoon
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Ko
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
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4-Isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1, an Analogue of KTH-13 Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana, Inhibits the NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:143025. [PMID: 26819495 PMCID: PMC4706927 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps species has been a good source of compounds with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, we reported a novel compound (4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenol, KTH-13) with anticancer activity isolated from Cordyceps bassiana and created several derivatives to increase its pharmacological activity. In this study, we tested one of the KTH-013 derivatives, 4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1 (KTH-13-AD1), with regard to anti-inflammatory activity under macrophage-mediated inflammatory conditions. KTH-13-AD1 clearly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) treated macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 cells). Similarly, this compound also reduced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Interestingly, KTH-13-AD1 strongly diminished NF-κB-mediated luciferase activities and nuclear translocation of NF-κB family proteins. In accordance, KTH-13-AD1 suppressed the upstream signaling pathway of NF-κB activation, including IκBα, IKKα/β, AKT, p85/PI3K, and Src in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The autophosphorylation of Src and NF-κB observed during the overexpression of Src was also suppressed by KTH-13-AD1. These results strongly suggest that KTH-13-AD1 has strong anti-inflammatory features mediated by suppression of the Src/NF-κB regulatory loop.
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Malhotra P, Adhikari M, Singh SK, Kumar R. N-acetyl tryptophan glucopyranoside (NATG) provides radioprotection to murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1488-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1095295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malhotra
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shravan K. Singh
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Thai HV, Kim E, Kim SC, Jeong D, Yang S, Baek KS, Kim Y, Ratan ZA, Yoon KD, Kim JH, Cho JY. Boerhavia diffusa L. ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src/Syk/TRAF6. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Kwon HW, Shin JH, Cho HJ, Rhee MH, Park HJ. Total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng inhibits binding of adhesive proteins to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa via phosphorylation of VASP (Ser(157)) and dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:76-85. [PMID: 26843825 PMCID: PMC4703804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binding of adhesive proteins (i.e., fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin) to platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3) by various agonists (thrombin, collagen, adenosine diphosphate) involve in strength of thrombus. This study was carried out to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-TS) by investigating whether KRG-TS inhibits thrombin-induced binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3. Methods We investigated the effect of KRG-TS on phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, affecting binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3, and clot retraction. Results KRG-TS had an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3 via phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157), and dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, A-kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cyclic adenosine monophosphates (cAMPs) reduced KRG-TS-increased VASP (Ser157) phosphorylation, and increased KRG-TS-inhibited fibrinogen-, and fibronectin-binding to αIIb/β3. These findings indicate that KRG-TS interferes with the binding of fibrinogen and fibronectin to αIIb/β3 via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of VASP (Ser157). In addition, KRG-TS decreased the rate of clot retraction, reflecting inhibition of αIIb/β3 activation. In this study, we clarified ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) in KRG-TS inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation via both inhibition of [Ca2+]i mobilization and increase of cAMP production. Conclusion These results strongly indicate that KRG-TS is a beneficial herbal substance inhibiting fibrinogen-, and fibronectin-binding to αIIb/β3, and clot retraction, and may prevent platelet αIIb/β3-mediated thrombotic disease. In addition, we demonstrate that G-Ro is a novel compound with antiplatelet characteristics of KRG-TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Woo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
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Shin JH, Kwon HW, Cho HJ, Rhee MH, Park HJ. Inhibitory effects of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng on [Ca(2+)]i mobilization through phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type I in human platelets. J Ginseng Res 2015; 39:354-64. [PMID: 26869828 PMCID: PMC4593793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) is a platelet aggregation-inducing molecule. Therefore, understanding the inhibitory mechanism of [Ca2+]i mobilization is very important to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of a substance. This study was carried out to understand the Ca2+-antagonistic effect of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-TS). Methods We investigated the Ca2+-antagonistic effect of KRG-TS on cyclic nucleotides-associated phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type I (IP3RI) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in thrombin (0.05 U/mL)-stimulated human platelet aggregation. Results The inhibition of [Ca2+]i mobilization by KRG-TS was increased by a PKA inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS), which was more stronger than the inhibition by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). In addition, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS inhibited phosphorylation of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc) (Thr197) by KRG-TS. The phosphorylation of IP3RI (Ser1756) by KRG-TS was very strongly inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS compared with that by Rp-8-Br-cGMPS. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of [Ca2+]i mobilization by KRG-TS is more strongly dependent on a cAMP/PKA pathway than a cGMP/PKG pathway. KRG-TS also inhibited the release of adenosine triphosphate and serotonin. In addition, only G-Rg3 of protopanaxadiol in KRG-TS inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Conclusion These results strongly indicate that KRG-TS is a potent beneficial compound that inhibits [Ca2+]i mobilization in thrombin–platelet interactions, which may result in the prevention of platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Woo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Gasuwon-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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