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Phi KH, Park MH, Lee S, Koo MH, Suh SS, Youn UJ. New anti-adipogenic triterpenoid saponins from the aerial parts of Glinus oppositifolius. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116851. [PMID: 38838506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glinus oppositifolius L., a member of the Molluginaceae family, has a long-standing history of utilization as both a vegetable and a medicinal agent across numerous countries. This plant possesses a diverse range of pharmacological activities and attracts scientific interest in studying its chemical profile. The present phytochemical investigation of the plant resulted in the isolation of eleven new triterpenoid saponins, accompanied by three known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by intensive spectroscopic analysis, DFT calculations, and comparison with previously reported data. The isolates were evaluated for their anti-adipogenic effect and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, namely, colorectal carcinoma HCT116, hepatoblastoma cell HepG2, breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231, and human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549. Compounds 5, 7, and 13 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against the differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1. In addition, compound 13 displayed inhibitory effects against the growth of A549 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hoa Phi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ha Park
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hyung Koo
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang P, Liu N, Xue M, Zhang M, Xiao Z, Xu C, Fan Y, Qiu J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. β-Sitosterol Reduces the Content of Triglyceride and Cholesterol in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1289. [PMID: 38731293 PMCID: PMC11083524 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with hyperlipidemia, which is closely related to high levels of sugar and fat. β-sitosterol is a natural product with significant hypolipidemic and cholesterol-lowering effects. However, the underlying mechanism of its action on aquatic products is not completely understood. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD zebrafish model was successfully established, and the anti-hyperlipidemic effect and potential mechanism of β-sitosterol were studied using oil red O staining, filipin staining, and lipid metabolomics. RESULTS β-sitosterol significantly reduced the accumulation of triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol in the zebrafish model. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that differential lipid molecules in β-sitosterol mainly regulated the lipid metabolism and signal transduction function of the zebrafish model. β-sitosterol mainly affected steroid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis in the zebrafish model. Compared with the HFD group, the addition of 500 mg/100 g of β-sitosterol significantly inhibited the expression of Ppar-γ and Rxr-α in the zebrafish model by at least 50% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS β-sitosterol can reduce lipid accumulation in the zebrafish model of NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and signal transduction and inhibiting adipogenesis and lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Naicheng Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
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Wu JJ, Zhang L, Liu D, Xia J, Yang Y, Tang F, Chen L, Ao H, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1, lights up the way for the potential prevention of Alzheimer's disease due to its therapeutic effects on the drug-controllable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116955. [PMID: 37536646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, BenCao Jing, and Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu), Panax ginseng, and its prescriptions have been used for the treatment of dementia, depression, weight loss, Xiaoke disease (similar to diabetes), and vertigo. All these diseases are associated with the drug-controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of P. ginseng and its congener Panax notoginseng, possesses therapeutic potentials against AD and associated diseases. This suggests that ginsenoside Rg1 might have the potential for AD prevention and treatment. Although the anti-AD effects of ginsenoside Rg1 have received more attention, a systematic review of its effects on depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension is not available. AIM OF THE REVIEW This systematic literature review comprehensively summarized existing literature on the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD prevention for the propose of providing a foundation of future research aimed at enabling the use of such drugs in clinical practice. METHODS Information on ginsenoside Rg1 was collected from relevant published articles identified through a literature search in electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used were "Ginsenoside Rg1," "Panax ginseng," "Source," "Alzheimer's disease," "Brain disorders," "Depression," "Obesity," "Diabetes," and "Hypertension." RESULTS The monomer ginsenoside Rg1 can be relatively easily obtained and has therapeutic potentials against AD. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 against the drug-controllable risk factors of AD including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates diseases resulting from AD risk factors by regulating multiple targets and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside Rg1 has the potentials to prevent AD by alleviating depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Lee HY, Lee GH, Kim HJ, Lim YJ, Ko BM, Kim DS, Kim TW, Kim HK, Kim TY, Hwang DI, Choi HK, Ju SM, Min KH, Chae HJ. Combination of Panax ginseng and Diospyros kaki Leaf Inhibits White Adipocyte Differentiation and Browning Process through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2023; 15:2776. [PMID: 37375680 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a prospective obesity treatment method. Dietary components derived from plants are the most effective approach to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents. This study investigated the synergistic effects of Panax ginseng (PG) and Diospyros kaki leaf (DKL) extract on adipocyte differentiation and browning, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying their beneficial effects. The administration of PG and DKL to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased body weight and epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue mass. In in vitro, PG inhibited the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the expression of key adipogenic regulators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α. In contrast, DKL negligibly influenced the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes but greatly increased the protein expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PPARα in BAT and/or WAT. Moreover, PG and DKL inhibited adipogenesis synergistically and activated white adipocyte browning via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These results suggest that a combination of PG and DKL regulates adipogenesis in white adipocytes and browning in brown adipocytes by activating AMPK/SIRT1 axis. The potential use of PG and DKL may represent an important strategy in obesity management that will be safer and more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lim
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ko
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sung Kim
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Il Hwang
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Kyoung Choi
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Ju
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Kim SW, Han BC, So SH, Han CK, In G, Park CK, Hyun SH. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Korean Red Ginseng components using radioisotopes in a rat model. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:74-80. [PMID: 36644381 PMCID: PMC9834004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have evaluated the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) components (Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rd, etc.), few have examined the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radiolabeled components. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides and their metabolite compound K (CK), 20(s)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), and 20(s)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) using radioisotopes in rat oral administration. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally once with 10 mg/kg of the tritium(3H) radiolabeled samples, and then the blood was collected from the tail vein after 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. Radioactivity in the organs, feces, urine, and carcass was determined using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) and a bio-imaging analyzer system (BAS). Results and conclusion After oral administration, as the 3H-labeled ginsenosides were converted to metabolites, Cmax and half-life increased, and Tmax decreased. Interestingly, Rb1 and CK showed similar values, and after a single oral administration of components, the cumulative excretion ratio of urine and feces was 88.9%-92.4%. Although most KRG components were excreted within 96-168 h of administration, small amounts of components were detected in almost all tissues and mainly distributed to the liver except for the digestive tract when observed through autoradiography. This study demonstrated that KRG components were distributed to various organs in the rats. Further studies could be conducted to prove the bioavailability and transmission of KRG components to confirm the mechanism of KRG efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sun Hee Hyun
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34128, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang D, Ji P, Sun R, Zhou H, Huang L, Kong L, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates LPS-induced chronic renal injury by inhibiting NOX4-NLRP3 signaling in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112936. [PMID: 35421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal injury (CRI) is a common pathological damage in chronic renal disease, and the therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is reported to have a protective effect on renal injury by improving oxidative stress and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays important roles in inducing inflammatory and high-dose LPS is often used to perform acute renal injury. However, little is known about the effect of low-dose LPS on CRI, and the protective effect of Rg1 against chronic LPS-induced CRI. Here, we reported the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 against LPS-induced CRI in mice. In this study, the results demonstrated that low-dose LPS (0.25 mg/kg) exposure for 14 days significantly induced renal function impairment and renal injury and fibrosis. Meanwhile, LPS exposure significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in renal cortex. However, treatment with Rg1, tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic), and apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) significantly improved renal function impairment and renal fibrosis, and significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, KIM-1, β-Gal, and collagen IV in the kidneys. And Rg1 treatment also significantly reduced ROS generation and inhibited the activation of NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, these results suggest that Rg1 treatment can ameliorate LPS-induced chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis, the mechanisms may be involved in reducing NOX2-mediated oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pengmin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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John CM, Arockiasamy S. Sinapic acid prevents adipogenesis by regulating transcription factors and exerts an anti-ROS effect by modifying the intracellular anti-oxidant system in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:611-620. [PMID: 35911638 PMCID: PMC9282747 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62590.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sinapic acid (SA), a naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid found in vegetables, cereal grains, and oilseed crops with various biological activities suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by down-regulating adipogenesis transcription factor. Materials and Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SA and evaluated by Oil Red O staining, triglyceride estimation, lipolysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of SA (100 to 1000 μmol) during differentiation. Results SA prevented an increase in adipocytes by reducing preadipocyte clonal expansion. ORO staining analyses revealed that SA reduced cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 by 57% at the highest concentration of 1000 μmol without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, SA down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and fatty acid synthase. ROS generated during adipogenesis was also attenuated by SA treatment by increasing antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the cellular antioxidant glutathione. SA demonstrated no in vivo toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster model. Conclusion These results suggest that SA exerts anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenic effects and could be used as a functional nutraceutical ingredient in combatting obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Mano John
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai – 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai – 600116, Tamil Nadu, India,Corresponding author: Sumathy Arockiasamy. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Porur, Chennai – 600116 Tamil Nadu. Tel: 044 – 24768027/29; Extn:8760;
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Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Potential Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:4633270. [PMID: 35003268 PMCID: PMC8741398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4633270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a purified, active component of the root or stem of ginseng, exerts positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Many recent studies have found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can develop into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mature blood cells, are another class of heterogeneous adult stem cells that can be regulated by Rg1. Rg1 can affect HSC proliferation and migration, regulate HSC/HPC differentiation, and alleviate HSC aging, and these findings potentially provide new strategies to improve the HSC homing rate in HSC transplantation and for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or other HSC/HPC dysplasia-induced diseases. In this review, we used bioinformatics methods, molecular docking verification, and a literature review to systematically explore the possible molecular pharmacological activities of Rg1 through which it regulates HSCs/HPCs.
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Li Y, Zhang D, Li L, Han Y, Dong X, Yang L, Li X, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates aging‑induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NOX4/NLRP3 inflammasome in SAMP8 mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:801. [PMID: 34523690 PMCID: PMC8456316 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by liver injury and fibrosis, eventually leading to the decline in liver function. However, the mechanism of aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis is still not fully understood, to the best of our knowledge, and there are currently no effective treatment options available for liver aging. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been reported to exert potent anti‑aging effects due to its potential antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of action of Rg1 in aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis in senescence‑accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice treated for 9 weeks. The histopathological results showed that the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered, vacuole‑like degeneration occurred in the majority of cells, and collagen IV and TGF‑β1 expression levels, that were detected via immunohistochemistry, were also significantly upregulated in the SAMP8 group. Rg1 treatment markedly improved aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis, and significantly downregulated the expression levels of collagen IV and TGF‑β1. In addition, the dihydroethylene staining and western blotting results showed that Rg1 treatment significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL‑1β, and downregulated the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), p47phox, p22phox, phosphorylated‑NF‑κB, caspase‑1, apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein containing a C‑terminal caspase recruitment domain and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which were significantly upregulated in the liver tissues of elderly SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that Rg1 may attenuate aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis by reducing NOX4‑mediated ROS oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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10
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Lin FJ, Li H, Wu DT, Zhuang QG, Li HB, Geng F, Gan RY. Recent development in zebrafish model for bioactivity and safety evaluation of natural products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8646-8674. [PMID: 34058920 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a species of freshwater fish, popular in aquariums and laboratories. Several advantageous features have facilitated zebrafish to be extensively utilized as a valuable vertebrate model in the lab. It has been well-recognized that natural products possess multiple health benefits for humans. With the increasing demand for natural products in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural cosmetics, the zebrafish has emerged as an unprecedented tool for rapidly and economically screening and identifying safe and effective substances from natural products. This review first summarized the key factors for the management of zebrafish in the laboratory, followed by highlighting the current progress on the establishment and applications of zebrafish models in the bioactivity evaluation of natural products. In addition, the zebrafish models used for assessing the potential toxicity or health risks of natural products were involved as well. Overall, this review indicates that zebrafish are promising animal models for the bioactivity and safety evaluation of natural products, and zebrafish models can accelerate the discovery of novel natural products with potential health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hang Li
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Guo Zhuang
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Kiwifruit, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Zhang C, Sun G, Sun X. Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins and Major Anti-Obesity Components on Weight Loss. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:601751. [PMID: 33841133 PMCID: PMC8027240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of individuals who are overweight or obese is rising rapidly globally. Currently, majority of drugs used to treat obesity are ineffective or are accompanied by obvious side effects; hence, the options are very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to find more effective and safer anti-obesity drugs. It has been proven in vivo and in vitro that the active ingredient notoginsenosides isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen exhibits anti-obesity effects. Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. Although notoginsenosides are potential drugs for the treatment of obesity, their effects and mechanisms have not been analyzed in depth. In this review, the anti-obesity potential and mechanism of action of notoginsenosides were analyzed; thus laying emphasis on the timely prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Qiu Y, Yu H, Hu Y, Guo S, Lei X, Qin Y, Jian Y, Li B, Liu L, Peng C, Wang A, Wang W. Transcriptomic and metabonomic profiling reveal the anti-obesity effects of Chikusetsusaponin V, a compound extracted from Panax japonicus. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:60-69. [PMID: 33791810 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the in vivo anti-obesity effect of chikusetsusaponin V and explore the underlying mechanism by transcriptomic and metabonomic methods. METHODS The physiological parameters of high-fat-diet induced obese mice administered with or without 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of chikusetsusaponin V by gavage for 16 weeks were recorded. In addition, the RNA-sequencing and UHPLC-Q-TOF techniques were applied to obtain the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Chikusetsusaponin V could significantly alleviate the high-fat-diet induced increase in the weight of the whole body and obesity-related organs or tissues, and ameliorate the lipid content in the blood, the lipid accumulation in the livers, as well as the hypertrophy of the fat tissues. Importantly, transcriptomic results revealed that more than 30 genes involved in the pathway which closely associates with obesity, were significantly altered. Moreover, metabolomic data indicated the key differential metabolites enriched in the pathways such as the activated protein kinase signaling pathway which is a vital mediator of obesity and other processes. CONCLUSIONS The integrative analysis highlighted that chikusetsusaponin V significantly influenced the activated protein kinase signaling pathway at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, thereby exerting anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Huanghe Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shiyin Guo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xinnuo Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Qin
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Leping Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Aibing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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13
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Ginsenosides for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Ratan ZA, Haidere MF, Hong YH, Park SH, Lee JO, Lee J, Cho JY. Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:199-210. [PMID: 33841000 PMCID: PMC8020288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used as a traditional herb in Asian countries for thousands of years. It contains a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins, protopanaxadiols, and protopanaxatriols, collectively known as ginsenosides. In the last few decades, the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ginseng, in addition to its effects on improving immunity, energy and sexuality, and combating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurological diseases, have been studied in both basic and clinical research. Ginseng could be a valuable resource for future drug development; however, further higher quality evidence is required. Moreover, ginseng may have drug interactions although the available evidence suggests it is a relatively safe product. This article reviews the bioactive compounds, global distribution, and therapeutic potential of plants in the genus Panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Faisal Haidere
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oog Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Sulforaphene Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation via Induction of Post-Translational Degradation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (C/EBPβ). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030758. [PMID: 32183002 PMCID: PMC7146557 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) is a crucial process that determines the total number and size of mature adipocytes that will develop. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of sulforaphene (SFEN), a dietary isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from radish, is investigated both in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The results revealed that SFEN significantly inhibit adipogenic cocktail-induced adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation at the early stage of adipogenesis. Additionally, the effects are more potent compared to those of other ITCs derived from various cruciferous vegetables. As a related molecular mechanism of action, SFEN promotes the post-translational degradation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β by decreasing the stability of C/EBPβ, which is responsible for decreasing the expression of master regulatory proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and C/EBPα. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of SFEN-enriched natural materials could be helpful as a strategy for preventing obesity.
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16
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Song JH, Kim KJ, Chei S, Seo YJ, Lee K, Lee BY. Korean Red Ginseng and Korean black ginseng extracts, JP5 and BG1, prevent hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental heat stress. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:267-273. [PMID: 32148408 PMCID: PMC7031738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat stress. This stress response alters the expression of multiple genes and can contribute to the onset of various diseases. In particular, heat stress induces oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. The liver is an essential organ that plays a variety of roles, such as detoxification and protein synthesis. Therefore, it is important to protect the liver from oxidative stress caused by heat stress. Korean ginseng has a variety of beneficial biological properties, and our previous studies showed that it provides an effective defense against heat stress. METHODS We investigated the ability of Korean Red Ginseng and Korean black ginseng extracts (JP5 and BG1) to protect against heat stress using a rat model. We then confirmed the active ingredients and mechanism of action using a cell-based model. RESULTS Heat stress significantly increased gene and protein expression of oxidative stress-related factors such as catalase and SOD2, but treatment with JP5 (Korean Red Ginseng extract) and BG1 (Korean black ginseng extract) abolished this response in both liver tissue and HepG2 cells. In addition, JP5 and BG1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory proteins such as p-NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor alpha-α. In particular, JP5 and BG1 decreased the expression of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key inflammatory signaling factor. Thus, JP5 and BG1 inhibited both oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS JP5 and BG1 protect against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by heat stress and help maintain liver function by preventing liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zheng Y, Lee J, Lee EH, In G, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee OH, Kang IJ. A Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract Enhances Their Individual Anti-Obesity Properties in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:215-223. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaesun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-hye Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JongHan Kim
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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18
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Shen X, Dong X, Han Y, Li Y, Ding S, Zhang H, Sun Z, Yin Y, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates glomerular fibrosis during kidney aging by inhibiting NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SAMP8 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106339. [PMID: 32114413 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is closely related to the progress of renal fibrosis, which eventually results in renal dysfunction. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been reported to have an extensive anti-aging effect. However, the role and mechanism of Rg1 in aging-related renal fibrosis remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 in renal fibrosis during kidney aging in a model of SAMP8 mice. Taking SAMR1 mice as the control group, SAMP8 mice were administered Apocynin (50 mg/kg), Tempol (50 mg/kg), or Rg1 (5, 10 mg/kg) intragastrically for 9 weeks as treatment groups. The results showed that the elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-Gal) were markedly decreased, the glomerular mesangial proliferation was significantly alleviated and the increased levels of collagen IV and TGF-β1 were significantly downregulated by Rg1 in SAMP8 mice. In addition, the generation of ROS and the expression of NADHP oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the renal cortex were significantly reduced by Rg1 treatment. The expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and the inflammation-related cytokine IL-1β were also inhibited by Rg1 treatment in the SAMP8 mice. These results suggested that Rg1 could delay kidney aging and inhibit aging-related glomerular fibrosis by reducing NOX4-derived ROS generation and downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Chei S, Song JH, Oh HJ, Lee K, Jin H, Choi SH, Nah SY, Lee BY. Gintonin-Enriched Fraction Suppresses Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation Through LPA Receptor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051019. [PMID: 32106493 PMCID: PMC7179209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can be caused by various environmental factors. When exposed to heat stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction occur due to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. In particular, inflammatory responses induced by heat stress are common in muscle cells, which are the most exposed to heat stress and directly affected. Gintonin-Enriched Fraction (GEF) is a non-saponin component of ginseng, a glycolipoprotein. It is known that it has excellent neuroprotective effects, therefore, we aimed to confirm the protective effect against heat stress by using GEF. C2C12 cells were exposed to high temperature stress for 1, 12 and 15 h, and the expression of signals was analyzed over time. Changes in the expression of the factors that were observed under heat stress were confirmed at the protein level. Exposure to heat stress increases phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and increases expression of inflammatory factors such as NLRP3 inflammasome through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. Activated inflammatory signals also increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Also, expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase related to oxidative stress is increased. However, it was confirmed that the changes due to the heat stress were suppressed by the GEF treatment. Therefore, we suggest that GEF helps to protect heat stress in muscle cell and prevent tissue damage by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Kippeum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7155
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Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Therapeutic potential of ginsenosides on diabetes: From hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lorente-Cebrián S, Herrera K, I. Milagro F, Sánchez J, de la Garza AL, Castro H. miRNAs and Novel Food Compounds Related to the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5998. [PMID: 31795191 PMCID: PMC6928892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. With the discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, BAT activation has emerged as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure. Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized to be present in certain kinds of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenesis: a metabolic feature typically associated with BAT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small transcriptional regulators that control gene expression in a variety of tissues, including WAT and BAT. Likewise, it was shown that several food compounds could influence miRNAs associated with browning, thus, potentially contributing to the management of excessive adipose tissue accumulation (obesity) through specific nutritional and dietetic approaches. Therefore, this has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising dietary strategy to promote browning/beiging in WAT to potentially contribute to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. For this reason, we summarize the current knowledge about miRNAs and food compounds that could be applied in promoting adipose browning, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.L.-C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Katya Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.L.-C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07020 Palma, Spain
| | - Ana Laura de la Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
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Lee SH, Lee HY, Yu M, Yeom E, Lee JH, Yoon A, Lee KS, Min KJ. Extension of Drosophila lifespan by Korean red ginseng through a mechanism dependent on dSir2 and insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9369-9387. [PMID: 31672931 PMCID: PMC6874434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, thereby inducing many health benefits in humans. Studies into the longevity effects of KRG are limited and have provided contradictory results, and the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension by KRG is not elucidated yet. Herein, the longevity effect of KRG was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster by feeding KRG extracts, and the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension was elucidated by using longevity-related mutant flies. KRG extended the lifespan of Drosophila when administrated at 10 and 25 μg/mL, and the longevity benefit of KRG was not due to reduced feeding, reproduction, and/or climbing ability in fruit flies, indicating that the longevity benefit of KRG is a direct effect of KRG, not of a secondary artifact. Diet supplementation with KRG increased the lifespan of flies on a full-fed diet but not of those on a restricted diet, and the longevity effect of KRG was diminished by the mutation of dSir2, a deacetylase known to mediate the benefits of dietary restriction. Similarly, the longevity effect of KRG was mediated by the reduction of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. In conclusion, KRG extends the lifespan of Drosophila through Sir2 and insulin/IGF-1 signaling and has potential as an anti-aging dietary-restriction mimetic and prolongevity supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Mira Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ah Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Huang WC, Peng HL, Hu S, Wu SJ. Spilanthol from Traditionally Used Spilanthes acmella Enhances AMPK and Ameliorates Obesity in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050991. [PMID: 31052312 PMCID: PMC6566575 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spilanthol (SP) is a bioactive compound found in Spilanthes acmella, giving the flowers and leaves a spicy taste. Studies found that phyto-ingredients stored in spice plants act against obesity-related diseases. SP has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, but the effects on obesity are not yet known. We investigated the effects of SP in differentiated adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells) and mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). SP significantly inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and significantly reduced the expression of lipogenesis-related proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty-acid synthase (FAS). In contrast, SP increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adipocytes. However, SP suppressed the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phospho-p38 (pp38), and phospho-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) (pJNK) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated murine pre-adipocytes. SP administered to HFD-induced obese mice via intraperitoneal injections twice a week for 10 weeks decreased body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size. SP inhibited lipogenic proteins FAS and ACC, and suppressed adipogenic transcription factors, enhancing lipolysis and AMPK protein expression in the liver. SP has anti-obesity effects, upregulating AMPK to attenuate lipogenic and adipogenic transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ling Peng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
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Wang N, Li Y, Li Z, Ma J, Wu X, Pan R, Wang Y, Gao L, Bao X, Xue P. IRS-1 targets TAZ to inhibit adipogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK-ERK pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 849:11-21. [PMID: 30716312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene modification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers a promising approach for clinical stem cell therapy. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) plays a vital role in MSCs' differentiation. We aim to explore the interaction of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) with TAZ to regulate MSCs' adipogenesis in this study. Initially, IRS-1 and TAZ followed similar decreasing expression pattern at the early stage of adipogenesis. And, overexpression of IRS-1 decreased the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression with TAZ upregulation. Accordingly, knockdown of IRS-1 induced the upexpression of C/EBPβ and PPARγ with TAZ downregulation. Indeed, IRS-1 targeted TAZ to downregulate the C/EBPβ and PPARγ expression, while knockdown of TAZ attenuated the IRS-1 inhibited adipogenesis. Furthermore, both LY294002 (the PI3K-Akt inhibitor) and U0126 (the MEK-ERK inhibitor) blocked the regulation of IRS-1 on TAZ during adipogenesis. Additionally, IRS-1 and TAZ influenced the cell proliferation in the above process. Taken together, this study suggests for the first time that IRS-1 is a key regulator of the MSCs' adipogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for differential alterations in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jianxia Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xuelun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Runzhou Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Liu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes browning by inducing UCP1 expression and mitochondrial activity in 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipocytes. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:589-599. [PMID: 31695565 PMCID: PMC6823768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng Meyer is known as a conventional herbal medicine, and ginsenoside Rg1, a steroid glycoside, is one of its components. Although Rg1 has been proved to have an antiobesity effect, the mechanism of this effect and whether it involves adipose browning have not been elucidated. Methods 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipocytes from mice were used to access the thermogenic effect of Rg1. Adipose mitochondria and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Protein level and mRNA of UCP1 were also evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results Rg1 dramatically enhanced expression of brown adipocyte–specific markers, such as UCP1 and fatty acid oxidation genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. In addition, it modulated lipid metabolism, activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, and promoted lipid droplet dispersion. Conclusions Rg1 increases UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipose cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice. We suggest that Rg1 exerts its antiobesity effects by promoting adipocyte browning through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Xu L, Zhao W, Wang D, Ma X. Chinese Medicine in the Battle Against Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:850. [PMID: 30042690 PMCID: PMC6048988 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-factor chronic disease caused by the mixed influence of genetics, environments and an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure. Due to lifestyle changes, modern society sees a rapid increase in obesity occurrence along with an aggravated risk of metabolic syndromes in the general population, including diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Although obesity has become a serious worldwide public health hazard, effective and safe drugs treating obesity are still missing. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been implicated in practical use in China for thousands of years and has accumulated substantial front line experience in treating various diseases. Compared to western medicine that features defined composition and clear molecular mechanisms, TCM is consisted with complex ingredients from plants and animals and prescribed based on overall symptoms and collective experience. Because of their fundamental differences, TCM and western medicine were once considered irreconcilable. However, nowadays, sophisticated isolation technologies and deepened molecular understanding of the active ingredients of TCM are gradually bridging the gap between the two, enabling the identification of active TCM components for drug development under the western-style paradigms. Thus, studies on TCM open a new therapeutic avenue and show great potential in the combat against obesity, though challenges exist. In this review, we highlight six key candidate substances derived from TCM, including artemisinin, curcumin, celastrol, capsaicin, berberine and ginsenosides, to review their recent discoveries in the metabolic field, with special focus on their therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms in treating obesity and metabolic diseases. In addition, we discuss the translational challenges and perspectives in implementing modern Chinese medicine into the western pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Song JH, Kim KJ, Choi SY, Koh EJ, Park J, Lee BY. Korean ginseng extract ameliorates abnormal immune response through the regulation of inflammatory constituents in Sprague Dawley rat subjected to environmental heat stress. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:252-260. [PMID: 30976163 PMCID: PMC6437447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increases in the average global temperature cause heat stress–induced disorders by disrupting homeostasis. Excessive heat stress triggers an imbalance in the immune system; thus protection against heat stress is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been used as a herbal medicine and displays beneficial biological properties. Methods We investigated the protective effects of Korean ginseng extracts (KGEs) against heat stress in a rat model. Following acclimatization for 1 week, rats were housed at room temperature for 2 weeks and then exposed to heat stress (40°C/2 h/day) for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with three KGEs from the beginning of the second week to the end of the experiment. Results Heat stress dramatically increased secretion of inflammatory factors, and this was significantly reduced in the KGE-treated groups. Levels of inflammatory factors such as heat shock protein 70, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased in the spleen and muscle upon heat stress. KGEs inhibited these increases by down-regulating heat shock protein 70 and the associated nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Consequently, KGEs suppressed activation of T-cells and B-cells. Conclusion KGEs suppress the immune response upon heat stress and decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and spleen. We suggest that KGEs protect against heat stress by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - JongDae Park
- Central Research Institute, Korean Ginseng Research Co., LTD., Yangpyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Dai YL, Qiao MD, Yu P, Zheng F, Yue H, Liu SY. Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS. J Ginseng Res 2017; 44:205-214. [PMID: 32148401 PMCID: PMC7031739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2–4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg3, Rc, Rg1, Rf, Rb2, Rb1, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole–time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb1 peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1 and Rg1 contents were relatively high. Conclusion In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2–4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Dai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meng-Dan Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Park YK, Obiang-Obounou BW, Lee J, Lee TY, Bae MA, Hwang KS, Lee KB, Choi JS, Jang BC. Anti-Adipogenic Effects on 3T3-L1 Cells and Zebrafish by Tanshinone IIA. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102065. [PMID: 28953247 PMCID: PMC5666747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of Salviamiltiorrhiza bunge that has traditionally been used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Although there is recent evidence showing that tanshinone IIA has an anti-obesity effect, its underlying mechanism of anti-obesity effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of tanshinone IIA on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Notably, tanshinone IIA at 10 μM concentration greatly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, suggesting its anti-adipogenic effect. On mechanistic levels, tanshinone IIA reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/5 (STAT-3/5) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone IIA strongly inhibited leptin and resistin mRNA expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, the tanshinone IIA's lipid-reducing effect was also seen in zebrafish. In sum, these findings demonstrate that tanshinone IIA has anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and zebrafish, and its anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 cells is largely attributable to the reduced expression and/or phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, perilipin A, and STAT-3/5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Brice Wilfried Obiang-Obounou
- Department of Food Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Tae-Yun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity: An Overview of Scientific Evidence from 2007 to 2017. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8943059. [PMID: 29234439 PMCID: PMC5632873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8943059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a very common global health problem, and it is known to be linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Western medical treatments for obesity have many drawbacks, including effects on monoamine neurotransmitters and the potential for drug abuse and dependency. The safety of these medications requires improvement. Herbal medicine has been used for treatment of disease for more than 2000 years, and it has proven efficacy. Many studies have confirmed that herbal medicine is effective in the treatment of obesity, but the mechanisms are not clear. This article will discuss the possible effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine treatments for obesity that have been reported in the past decade.
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Mohanan P, Subramaniyam S, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC. Molecular signaling of ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 and their mode of actions. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:123-132. [PMID: 29719458 PMCID: PMC5926405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has gained its popularity as an adaptogen since ancient days because of its triterpenoid saponins, known as ginsenosides. These triterpenoid saponins are unique and classified as protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol saponins based on their glycosylation patterns. They play many protective roles in humans and are under intense research as various groups continue to study their efficacy at the molecular level in various disorders. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 are the most abundant ginsenosides present in ginseng roots, and they confer the pharmacological properties of the plant, whereas ginsenoside Rg3 is abundantly present in Korean Red Ginseng preparation, which is highly known for its anticancer effects. These ginsenosides have a unique mode of action in modulating various signaling cascades and networks in different tissues. Their effect depends on the bioavailability and the physiological status of the cell. Mostly they amplify the response by stimulating phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, caspase-3/caspase-9-mediated apoptotic pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling. Furthermore, they trigger receptors such as estrogen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. This review critically evaluates the signaling pathways attenuated by ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 in various tissues with emphasis on cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban Mohanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Yoo SR, Lee MY, Kang BK, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Soshiho-Tang Aqueous Extract Exerts Antiobesity Effects in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:2628901. [PMID: 27777595 PMCID: PMC5061987 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2628901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soshiho-tang (SST; sho-saiko-to in Japanese; xiaochaihu-tang in Chinese) has generally been used to improve liver fibrosis- and cirrhosis-related symptoms in traditional Korean medicine. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of SST, its antiobesity effect has not been elucidated. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the antiobesity effect of SST using a high fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/group), normal diet (ND), HFD-fed group, and HFD- and SST-fed groups (S200: 200 mg/kg of SST; S600: 600 mg/kg of SST) and given HFD with or without SST extract for 8 weeks. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes for 8 days with or without SST. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight and fat accumulation in adipose tissue were significantly reduced by SST administration. Compared with control-differentiated adipocytes, SST significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by decreasing the triglyceride (TG) content and leptin concentration in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SST also decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related genes including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Our findings suggest that SST has potential as a nontoxic antiobesity medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Rom Yoo
- K-Herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-young Lee
- K-Herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kab Kang
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-Herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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