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Ye W, Yan J, Yan J, Lin JG, Ji Q, Li Z, Ganjidoust H, Huang L, Li M, Zhang H. Potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater treatment system under anoxic condition: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118984. [PMID: 38670211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation has been considered as an environmental-friendly and energy-efficient biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technology. Recently, new reaction pathway for ammonium oxidation under anaerobic condition had been discovered. In addition to nitrite, iron trivalent, sulfate, manganese and electrons from electrode might be potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation, which can be coupled to traditional BNR process for wastewater treatment. In this paper, the pathway and mechanism for ammonium oxidation with various electron acceptors under anaerobic condition is studied comprehensively, and the research progress of potentially functional microbes is summarized. The potential application of various electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater is addressed, and the N2O emission during nitrogen removal is also discussed, which was important greenhouse gas for global climate change. The problems remained unclear for ammonium oxidation by multi-electron acceptors and potential interactions are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Qixing Ji
- The Earth, Ocean and atmospheric sciences thrust (EOAS), Hong Gong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), 511442, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hossein Ganjidoust
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, 14115-397, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Li X, Yang F, Zhao J, Ge F. Mapping the knowledge domain of microbial desulfurization application in fuels and ores for sustainable industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113151-113174. [PMID: 37853221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct application of high-sulfur fuels and ores can cause environmental pollution (such as air pollution and acid rain) and, in serious cases, endanger human health and contribute to property damage. In the background of preserving the environment, microbial desulfurization technologies for high-sulfur fuels and ores are rapidly developed. This paper aims to reveal the progress of microbial desulfurization research on fuels and ores using bibliometric analysis. 910 publications on microbial desulfurization of fuels and ores from web core databases were collected in this work, spanning 39 years. Through 910 retrieved documents, collaborative networks of authors, institutions and countries were mapped by this work, the sources of highly cited articles and cited documents were statistically analyzed, and keyword development from different perspectives was discussed. The results of the study provide a reference for microbial desulfurization research and benefit environmental protection and energy green applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion and Disaster Prevention, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jiale Zhao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Fanliang Ge
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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Mutegoa E, Sahini MG. Approaches to mitigation of hydrogen sulfide during anaerobic digestion process - A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19768. [PMID: 37809492 PMCID: PMC10559078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the primary technology for energy production from wet biomass under a limited oxygen supply. Various wastes rich in organic content have been renowned for enhancing the process of biogas production. However, several other intermediate unwanted products such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, siloxanes and halogens have been generated during the process, which tends to lower the quality and quantity of the harvested biogas. The removal of hydrogen sulfide from wastewater, a potential substrate for anaerobic digestion, using various technologies is covered in this study. It is recommended that microaeration would increase the higher removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide based on a number of benefits for the specific method. The process is primarily accomplished by dosing smaller amounts of oxygen in the digester, which increases the system's oxidizing capacity by rendering the sulfate reducing bacteria responsible for converting sulfate ions to hydrogen sulfide inactive. This paper reviews physicochemical and biological methods that have been in place to eliminate the effects of hydrogen sulfide from wastewater treated anaerobically and future direction to remove hydrogen sulfide from biogas produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mutegoa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS), The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mtabazi G. Sahini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS), The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Shen Z, Xie L, Lyu C, Xu P, Yuan Y, Li X, Huang Y, Li W, Zhang M, Shi M. Effects of salinity on nitrite and elemental sulfur accumulation in a double short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128432. [PMID: 36473582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Double short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification (DSSADN) coupled with Anammox is of great significance in the low-carbon treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. In order to achieve high salinity autotrophic nitrogen removal, the effects of different salinities on the accumulation characteristics of NO2--N and S0 and microorganisms in DSSADN process were studied. The results showed that the effect of salinity on the DSSADN process could be categorized into the stimulation, stable, and inhibition. When the salinity gradually increased to 2.5 %, the highest NO2--N production rate (NiPR) and S0 production rate (S0PR) of DSSADN were 0.54 kg/(m3·d) and 1.1 kg/(m3·d) respectively. NiPR and S0PR gradually decreased as the salinity increased to more than 3 %. However, salinity had a relatively low impact on nitrite accumulation efficiency and S0 accumulation efficiency, which were 80 % and 81.5 %, respectively, when the salinity reached 5 %. Salinity has a great influence on the structure and abundance of microbial communities in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Linyan Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chen Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peiling Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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5
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Zhang J, Fan C, Zhao M, Wang Z, Jiang S, Jin Z, Bei K, Zheng X, Wu S, Lin P, Miu H. A comprehensive review on mixotrophic denitrification processes for biological nitrogen removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137474. [PMID: 36493890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological denitrification is the most widely used method for nitrogen removal in water treatment. Compared with heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification, mixotrophic denitrification is later studied and used. Because mixotrophic denitrification can overcome some shortcomings of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification, such as a high carbon source demand for heterotrophic denitrification and a long start-up time for autotrophic denitrification. It has attracted extensive attention of researchers and is increasingly used in biological nitrogen removal processes. However, so far, a comprehensive review is lacking. This paper aims to review the current research status of mixotrophic denitrification and provide guidance for future research in this field. It is shown that mixotrophic denitrification processes can be divided into three main kinds based on different kinds of electron donors, mainly including sulfur-, hydrogen-, and iron-based reducing substances. Among them, sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification is the most widely studied. The most concerned influencing factors of mixotrophic denitrification processes are hydraulic retention times (HRT) and ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total inorganic nitrogen (C/N). The dominant functional bacteria of sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification system are Thiobacillus, Azoarcus, Pseudomonas, and Thauera. At present, mixotrophic denitrification processes are mainly applied for nitrogen removal in drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment. Finally, challenges and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Shunfeng Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhan Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Ke Bei
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Suqing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Ping Lin
- Wenzhou Drainage Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Huanyi Miu
- Wenzhou Ecological Park Development and Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
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6
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Liu Q, Gao S, Zhou Q, Xu R, Li Z, Hou Y, Huang C. Bio-augmentation of the filler-enhanced denitrifying sulfide removal process in expanded granular sludge bed reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113253. [PMID: 35483408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organic industrial wastewaters, which primarily result from several processes, including pharmaceutical, slaughter, papermaking, and petrochemical processes, are typical examples of refractory wastewaters. To ensure resource utilization, sulfur compounds at high concentrations in such wastewaters can be converted to elemental sulfur through specific methods. Specifically, the denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process can be employed to effectively recover elemental sulfur via biological sulfide oxidation, and reportedly, bio-augmentation presents as an effective strategy by which the challenges that limit the application of the DSR process can be overcome. However, the bacterial loss resulting from microorganism activity inhibition owing to toxic effect of high sulfide concentration as well as the complexity of the organic matter (carbon source) in actual wastewater environments reduce the actual elemental sulfur production rate. In this regard, the bio-augmentation effect of adding fillers under complex carbon source conditions was studied. The structure and function of the microbial community on the surface of the fillers were also analysed to reveal the internal factors that contributed to the increased efficiency of elemental sulfur generation. The results obtained showed that relative to the control, elemental sulfur generation increased 1.5- and 2-fold following the addition of fillers and fillers with microbial inoculants, respectively. Further, in the reactor with the added filler, the dominant bacteria in the biofilm on the filler surface were Pseudomonas and Azoarcus, while in reactor with added fillers plus microbial inoculates, the dominant bacteria in the biofilm on the filler surface were Pseudomonas and Arcobacter. These findings indicated that bio-augmentation promoted the expression of sulfur oxidation functional genes. Furthermore, adding Pseudomonas sp. gs1 for bio-augmentation improved the impact load resistance of the biofilm on the surface of the filler, leading to the rapid restoration of the elemental sulfur generation rate after the impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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7
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Yánez D, Guerrero L, Borja R, Huiliñir C. Sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification with the stoichiometric S 0/N ratio and methanol supplementation: effect of the C/N ratio on the process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1420-1427. [PMID: 34851232 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrate ratio (C/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the C/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrification when methanol is used as a source of organic matter and elemental sulfur as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. For this, two initial concentrations of NO3--N (50 and 25 mg/L) at a stoichiometric ratio of S0/N, and four initial C/N ratios (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.9 mg CH3OH/mg NO3- -N) were used at 25 (±2) °C. The results showed that when using a C/N ratio of 0.6, the highest total nitrogen removal was obtained and the accumulation of nitrites was reduced, compared to an autotrophic system. The most significant contribution to nitrate consumption was through autotrophic denitrification (AuDeN) for a C/N ratio of 0.6 and 1.2, while for C/N = 1.9 the most significant contribution of nitrate consumption was through heterotrophic denitrification (HD). Finally, organic supplementation (methanol) served to increase the specific nitrate removal rate at high and low initial concentrations of substrate. Therefore, the best C/N ratio was 0.6 since it allowed for increasing the removal efficiency and the denitrification rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yánez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorna Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - César Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Ren J, Wu G, Xia Z, Wang M, Wei J, Yang B, Hou Y, Lei L, Wu D, Li Z. Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Gaoming Wu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
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9
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Peng C, Fan X, Xu Y, Ren H, Huang H. Microscopic analysis towards rhamnolipid-mediated adhesion of Thiobacillus denitrificans: A QCM-D study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129539. [PMID: 33434821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipid was proved to increase the abundance of Thiobacillus denitrificans in the mixotrophic denitrification biofilm while its microscopic mechanism remains to be explored. Effect of rhamnolipids on deposition of macromolecular substances and adhesion of Thiobacillus denitrificans at room (20 °C) and low temperature (10 °C) were systematically investigated by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) for the first time. Results showed that low concentration of rhamnolipids (20-80 mg/L) could promote the deposition of macromolecular substances by reducing hydraulic repulsion force, with the maximum deposition amount increased by 4.28 times than that of the control at room temperature. Deposition amount of microorganisms could be improved by increasing its concentration at room temperature while it didn't work at low temperature. Meanwhile, low temperature could significantly inhibit adhesion of Thiobacillus denitrificans (p < 0.05) and deposited layers under low concentration of rhamnolipids were generally rigid, resulting in the negative feedback effect on the microorganisms' adhesion. While high concentration of rhamnolipids (120-200 mg/L) could regulate the biofilm from rigid to viscoelastic and significantly promote the initial adhesion of Thiobacillus denitrificans on SiO2 surface (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated the microscopic mechanism of rhamnolipids on the initial biofilm formation, that is, the reduction of hydration repulsion force was responsible for the enhanced deposition of macromolecules while the regulation of biofilm properties was account for the promoted adhesion of Thiobacillus denitrificans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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10
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Liu LY, Xie GJ, Xing DF, Liu BF, Ding J, Cao GL, Ren NQ. Sulfate dependent ammonium oxidation: A microbial process linked nitrogen with sulfur cycle and potential application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110282. [PMID: 33038361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate dependent ammonium oxidation (Sulfammox) is a potential microbial process coupling ammonium oxidation with sulfate reduction under anaerobic conditions, which provides a novel link between nitrogen and sulfur cycle. Recently, Sulfammox was detected in wastewater treatments and was confirmed to occur in natural environments, especially in marine sediments. However, knowledge gaps in the mechanism of Sulfammox, functional bacteria, and their metabolic pathway, make it challenging to estimate its environmental significance and potential applications. This review provides an overview of recent advances in Sulfammox, including possible mechanisms, functional bacteria, and main influential factors, and discusses future challenges and opportunities. Future perspectives are outlined and discussed, such as exploration of microbial community structure and metabolic pathways, possible interactions with other microbes, environmental significance, and potential applications for nitrogen and sulfate removal, to inspire more researches on the Sulfammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guang-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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11
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Chai F, Li L, Xue S, Liu J. Auxiliary voltage enhanced microbial methane oxidation co-driven by nitrite and sulfate reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126259. [PMID: 32092575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, single-chamber bioelectrochemical reactors (EMNS) were used to investigate the methane oxidation driven by sulfate and nitrite reduction with the auxiliary voltage. Results showed that the methane oxidation was simultaneously driven by sulfate and nitrite reduction, with more methane being converted using the auxiliary voltage. When the voltage was 1.6 V, the maximum removal rate was achieved at 8.05 mg L-1 d-1. Carbon dioxide and methanol were the main products of methane oxidation. Simultaneously, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, sulfur ions, and hydrogen sulfide were detected as products of sulfate and nitrite reduction. Microbial populations were analyzed by qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. The detected methanotrophs included Methylocaldum sp., Methylocystis sp., Methylobacter sp. and M. oxyfera. The highest abundance of M. oxyfera was (3.97 ± 0.32) × 106 copies L-1 in the EMNS-1.6. The dominant nitrite-reducing bacteria were Ignavibacterium sp., Hyphomicrobium sp., Alicycliphilus sp., and Anammox bacteria. Desulfovibrio sp., Desulfosporosinus sp. and Thiobacillus sp. were related to the sulfur cycle. Ignavibacterium sp., Thiobacillus sp. and Desulfovibrio sp. may transfer electrons with electrodes using humic acids as the electronic shuttle. The possible pathways included (1) Methane was mainly oxidized to carbon dioxide and dissolved organic matters by methanotrophs utilizing the oxygen produced by the disproportionation in the cells of M. oxyfera. (2) Nitrite was reduced to nitrogen by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria with dissolved organic compounds. (3) Desulfovibrio sp. and Desulfosporosinus sp. reduced sulfate to sulfur ions. Thiobacillus sp. oxidized sulfur ions to sulfur or sulfate using nitrite as the electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Chai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Song Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Sekine M, Akizuki S, Kishi M, Kurosawa N, Toda T. Simultaneous biological nitrification and desulfurization treatment of ammonium and sulfide-rich wastewater: Effectiveness of a sequential batch operation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125381. [PMID: 31805460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide inhibition to nitrifying bacteria has prevented the integration of digestate nitrification and biogas desulfurization to simplify anaerobic digestion systems. In this study, liquid digestate with NaHS solution was treated using nitrifying sludge in a sequential-batch reactor with a long fill period, with an ammonium loading rate of 293 mg-N L-1 d-1 and a stepwise increase in the sulfide loading rate from 0 to 32, 64, 128, and 256 mg-S L-1 d-1. Batch bioassays and microbial community analysis were also conducted with reactor sludge under each sulfide loading rate to quantify the microbial acclimatization to sulfide. In the reactor, sulfide was completely removed. Complete nitrification was maintained up to a sulfide load of 128 mg-S L-1 d-1, which is higher than that in previous reports and sufficient for biogas treatment. In the batch bioassays, the sulfide tolerance of NH4+ oxidizing activity (the 50% inhibitory sulfide concentration) increased fourfold over time with the compositional shift of nitrifying bacteria to Nitrosomonas nitrosa and Nitrobacter spp. However, the sulfur removal rate of the sludge slightly decreased, although the abundance of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Hyphomicrobium increased by 30%. Therefore, nitrifying sludge was probably acclimatized to sulfide not by the increasing sulfide removal rate but rather by the increasing nitrifying bacteria, which have high sulfide tolerance. Successful simultaneous nitrification and desulfurization were achieved using a sequential-batch reactor with a long fill period, which was effective in facilitating the present acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Sekine
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Akizuki
- Division of Engineering, University of Guanajuato, 77 Juarez Avenue, Guanajuato, 36000, Mexico
| | - Masatoshi Kishi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | - Norio Kurosawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Toda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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13
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Xu LZJ, Xia WJ, Yu MJ, Wu WX, Chen C, Huang BC, Fan NS, Jin RC. Merely inoculating anammox sludge to achieve the start-up of anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:374-381. [PMID: 31125751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification (AADD) process is feasible for the nitrogen and sulfide removal in the same reactor, and the influence of excess nitrate produced by anammox could also be alleviated simultaneously. This study firstly proposed a novel strategy with inoculating single anammox sludge to start up the AADD process. Results demonstrated that the 90% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), 2.55kgm-3 d-1 nitrogen removal rate (NRR), and 95% sulfide removal efficiency (SRE) were obtained at the influent total nitrogen of 280mgL-1 and sulfide of 221.5mgL-1, and the final effluent nitrate concentration was as low as 8mgL-1 under the appropriate operation conditions. Tryptophan-like and protein-like substances were characterized as the main components in bound EPS. Thiobacillus (35.68%) and Pseudoxanthomonas (11.61%) were identified as the predominant genera. This study will pave a potential avenue to promote the treatment of high concentration nitrogen and sulfide in wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Min-Jie Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wan-Xiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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14
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Zeng Y, Zhou J, Yan Z, Zhang X, Tu W, Li N, Tang M, Yuan Y, Li X, Cao Q, Huang Y. The study of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process based on the key parameters. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Sposob M, Bakke R, Dinamarca C. Metabolic divergence in simultaneous biological removal of nitrate and sulfide for elemental sulfur production under temperature stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:209-215. [PMID: 28279914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of NO3- and HS- at temperature stress (25-10°C) is evaluated here. An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was run over 120days at N/S molar ratio of 0.35 (for S0 production) under constant sulfur loading rate of 0.4kgS/m3d. The simultaneous removal of NO3- and HS-, was achieved at applied conditions. Average HS--S removal varied from 98 (25°C) to 89.2% at 10°C, with almost complete NO3- removal. Average S0 yield ranged from 83.7 at 25°C to 67% at 10°C. The temperature drop caused a decrease in granular sludge accumulated S0 fraction by nearly 2.5 times. Decreased temperature caused metabolic pathway change observed as higher SO42- production, apparently allowing the biomass to obtain more energy per HS- consumed. It is hypothesized that the metabolic shift is a natural response to compensate for temperature-induced changes in energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sposob
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway.
| | - Rune Bakke
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway
| | - Carlos Dinamarca
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway
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16
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Yin Z, Xie L, Cui X, Zhou Q. Effective carbon and nitrogen removal with reduced sulfur oxidation in an anaerobic baffled reactor for fresh leachate treatment. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Liang S, Zhang L, Jiang F. Indirect sulfur reduction via polysulfide contributes to serious odor problem in a sewer receiving nitrate dosage. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:421-428. [PMID: 27232986 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate dosing is commonly used to control hydrogen sulfide production in sewer systems. However, quick rebound of the sulfide concentration after nitrate depletion has been observed and results in more serious odor and corrosion problem. To investigate the mechanism of sulfide regeneration in the nitrate-free period, a laboratory-scale sewer reactor was run for 30 days to simulate sulfide production and oxidation with intermittent nitrate addition. The results show that nitrate addition substantially reduced the sulfide concentration, but the produced elemental sulfur was then quickly reduced back to sulfide in nitrate-free periods. This induced more and more sulfide production in the sewer reactor. Elemental sulfur and polysulfide reductions were found in the sewage in nitrate-free periods, showing their contributions to the sulfide regeneration. Through batch tests, polysulfide was confirmed as the key intermediate for accelerating sulfur reduction during the nitrate-free period in the sewer. Sulfide production rates significantly increased by 65% and 59% in the presences of tetrasulfide and sulfur with sulfide, respectively, at the beginning of the test. While polysulfide formation was prevented by the ferrous chloride addition, the sulfur reduction rate remarkably decreased from 12.8 mgS/L-h to 1.8 mgS/L-h. This indicates that direct sulfur reduction was significantly slower than the indirect sulfur reduction via polysulfide; the latter process could be the cause for the quick rebound of the sulfide concentration in the sewer with intermittent nitrate dosing. Thus, the pathways of sulfur transformations in a sewer, both in the presence and absence of nitrate, were proposed. Microbial community analysis results reveal that some common sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) genera in sewer sediment were possible sulfur reducers. According to this finding, the effect and strategy of nitrate dosing for hydrogen sulfide control in sewers should be re-evaluated and re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Prachakittikul P, Wantawin C, Noophan PL, Boonapatcharoen N. ANAMMOX-like performances for nitrogen removal from ammonium-sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 51:220-228. [PMID: 26634619 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1094336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium removal by the ANaerobic AMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) process was observed through the Sulfate-Reducing Ammonium Oxidation (SRAO) process. The same concentration of ammonium (100 mg N L(-1)) was applied to two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBRs) that were inoculated with the same activated sludge from the Vermicelli wastewater treatment process, while nitrite was fed in ANAMMOX and sulfate in SRAO reactors. In SRAO-AnSBR, in substrates that were fed with a ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 1:0.4 ± 0.03, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 h and without sludge draining, the Ammonium Removal Rate (ARR) was 0.02 ± 0.01 kg N m(-3).d(-1). Adding specific ANAMMOX substrates to SRAO-AnSBR sludge in batch tests results in specific ammonium and nitrite removal rates of 0.198 and 0.139 g N g(-1) VSS.d, respectively, indicating that the ANAMMOX activity contributes to the removal of ammonium in the SRAO process using the nitrite that is produced from SRAO. Nevertheless, the inability of ANAMMOX to utilize sulfate to oxidize ammonium was also investigated in batch tests by augmenting enriched ANAMMOX culture in SRAO-AnSBR sludge and without nitrite supply. The time course of sulfate in a 24-hour cycle of SRAO-AnSBR showed an increase in sulfate after 6 h. For enriched SRAO culture, the uptake molar ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 8 hours in a batch test was 1:0.82 lower than the value of 1:0.20 ± 0.09 as obtained in an SRAO-AnSBR effluent, while the stoichiometric ratio of 1:0.5 that includes the ANAMMOX reaction was in this range. After a longer operation of more than 2 years without sludge draining, the accumulation of sulfate and the reduction of ammonium removal were observed, probably due to the gradual increase in the sulfur denitrification rate and the competitive use of nitrite with ANAMMOX. The 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and PCR cloning analyses resulted in the detection of the ANAMMOX bacterium (Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1) Desulfacinum subterraneum belonging to the genus Desulfacinum and bacteria that are involved in sulfur metabolism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SBTPe-001 and Paracoccus denitrificans strain IAM12479) in SRAO-AnSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Prachakittikul
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chalermraj Wantawin
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
- b Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- d Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bang Khun Thian , Bangkok , Thailand
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19
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Yin Z, Xie L, Khanal SK, Zhou Q. Interaction of organic carbon, reduced sulphur and nitrate in anaerobic baffled reactor for fresh leachate treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1110-1121. [PMID: 26495763 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of organic carbon, reduced sulphur and nitrate was examined using anaerobic baffled reactor for fresh leachate treatment by supplementing nitrate and/or sulphide to compartment 3. Nitrate was removed completely throughout the study mostly via denitrification (>80%) without nitrite accumulation. Besides carbon source, various reduced sulphur (e.g. sulphide, elemental sulphur and organic sulphur) could be involved in the nitrate reduction process via sulphur-based autotrophic denitrification when dissolved organic carbon/nitrate ratio decreased below 1.6. High sulphide concentration not only stimulated autotrophic denitrification, but it also inhibited heterotrophic denitrification, resulting in a shift (11-20%) from heterotrophic denitrification to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis further confirmed that sulphur-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria were stimulated with increase in the proportion of bacterial population from 18.6% to 27.2% by high sulphide concentration, meanwhile, heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria and fermentative bacteria were inhibited with 25.5% and 66.6% decrease in the bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Yin
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Li Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- b Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , HI , USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment , College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai , PR China
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20
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Denitrifying sulfide removal process on high-salinity wastewaters in the presence of Halomonas sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1421-1426. [PMID: 26454867 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biological conversion of sulfide, acetate, and nitrate to, respectively, elemental sulfur (S(0)), carbon dioxide, and nitrogen-containing gas (such as N2) at NaCl concentration of 35-70 g/L was achieved in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. A C/N ratio of 1:1 was noted to achieve high sulfide removal and S(0) conversion rate at high salinity. The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) quantities were increased with NaCl concentration, being 11.4-mg/g volatile-suspended solids at 70 mg/L NaCl. The denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) consortium incorporated Thauera sp. and Halomonas sp. as the heterotrophs and Azoarcus sp. being the autotrophs at high salinity condition. Halomonas sp. correlates with the enhanced DSR performance at high salinity.
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21
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Liu C, Zhao D, Yan L, Wang A, Gu Y, Lee DJ. Elemental sulfur formation and nitrogen removal from wastewaters by autotrophic denitrifiers and anammox bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:332-336. [PMID: 26022701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S(0)) formation from and nitrogen removal on sulfide, nitrate and ammonium-laden wastewaters were achieved by denitrifying ammonium oxidation (DEAMOX) reactor with autotrophic denitrifiers and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. The sulfide to nitrate ratio is a key process parameter for excess accumulation of S(0) and a ratio of 1.31:1 is a proposed optimum. The Alishewanella, Thauera and Candidatus Anammoximicrobium present respectively the autotrophic denitrifiers and anammox bacteria for the reactor. DEAMOX is demonstrated promising biological process for treating organics-deficient (S+N) wastewaters with excess S(0) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Laihong Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology 150090, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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22
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Simultaneous Voltammetric/Amperometric Determination of Sulfide and Nitrite in Water at BDD Electrode. SENSORS 2015; 15:14526-38. [PMID: 26102487 PMCID: PMC4507588 DOI: 10.3390/s150614526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reported new voltammetric/amperometric-based protocols using a commercial boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for simple and fast simultaneous detection of sulfide and nitrite from water. Square-wave voltammetry operated under the optimized working conditions of 0.01 V step potential, 0.5 V modulation amplitude and 10 Hz frequency allowed achieving the best electroanalytical parameters for the simultaneous detection of nitrite and sulfide. For practical in-field detection applications, the multiple-pulsed amperometry technique was operated under optimized conditions, i.e., −0.5 V/SCE for a duration of 0.3 s as conditioning step, +0.85 V/SCE for a duration of 3 s that assure the sulfide oxidation and +1.25 V/SCE for a duration of 0.3 s, where the nitrite oxidation occurred, which allowed the simultaneously detection of sulfide and nitrite without interference between them. Good accuracy was found for this protocol in comparison with standardized methods for each anion. Also, no interference effect was found for the cation and anion species, which are common in the water matrix.
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23
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Evaluation of simultaneous autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes and bacterial community structure analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6527-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang T, Chen M. Regeneration of elemental sulfur in a simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal reactor under different dissolved oxygen conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:75-81. [PMID: 25682226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A continuous reactor in microaerobic conditions was adopted for sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing and elemental sulfur (S(0)) regenerating, simultaneously. The results showed that appropriate dissolved oxygen (DO) enhanced S(0) regeneration efficiency, sulfide oxidation efficiency, and nitrate reduction efficiency. When the DO concentration was 0.1-0.3 mg L(-1), the microaerobic bioreactor simultaneously converted 8.16 kg-Sm(-3)d(-1) of sulfide to S(0) and 2.48 kg-Nm(-3)d(-1) of nitrate to nitrogen with the sulfide and nitrate removal efficiency of 100% and 90% respectively. Compared with anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal process previously reported, the loading sulfide was higher and more S(0) was generated during the operation in microaerobic reactor. Analysis using the 16S rDNA gene clone library revealed that Azoarcus, Thauera, Paracoccus, Sulfurospirillum, Arcobacter and Clostridium were the dominant microorganisms in the sulfide and nitrate removal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Liu C, Zhao C, Wang A, Guo Y, Lee DJ. Denitrifying sulfide removal process on high-salinity wastewaters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6463-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Rikmann E, Zekker I, Tomingas M, Vabamäe P, Kroon K, Saluste A, Tenno T, Menert A, Loorits L, dC Rubin SS, Tenno T. Comparison of sulfate-reducing and conventional Anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:426-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Jiang F, Zhang L, Peng GL, Liang SY, Qian J, Wei L, Chen GH. A novel approach to realize SANI process in freshwater sewage treatment--Use of wet flue gas desulfurization waste streams as sulfur source. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5773-5782. [PMID: 23886546 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
SANI (Sulfate reduction, Autotrophic denitrification and Nitrification Integrated) process has been approved to be a sludge-minimized sewage treatment process in warm and coastal cities with seawater supply. In order to apply this sulfur-based process in inland cold areas, wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) can be simplified and integrated with SANI process, to provide sulfite as electron carrier for sulfur cycle in sewage treatment. In this study, a lab-scale system of the proposed novel process was developed and run for over 200 days while temperature varied between 30 and 5 °C, fed with synthetic FGD wastewaters and sewage. The sulfite-reducing upflow anaerobic sludge bed (SrUASB) reactor, as the major bioreactor of the system, removed 86.9% of organics while the whole system removed 94% of organics even when water temperature decreased to around 10 °C. The bactericidal effect of sulfite was not observed in the SrUASB reactor, while thiosulfate was found accumulated under psychrophilic conditions. The sludge yield of the SrUASB reactor was determined to be 0.095 kg VSS/kg COD, higher than of sulfate reduction process but still much lower than of conventional activated sludge processes. The dominant microbes in the SrUASB reactor were determined as Lactococcus spp. rather than sulfate-reducing bacteria, but sulfite reduction still contributed 85.5% to the organic carbon mineralization in this reactor. Ammonia and nitrate were effectively removed in the aerobic and anoxic filters, respectively. This study confirms the proposed process was promising to achieve sludge-minimized sewage treatment integrating with flue gas desulfurization in inland and cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Liang Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Yang S, Du P. An investigation of a process for partial nitrification and autotrophic denitrification combined desulfurization in a single biofilm reactor. Biodegradation 2013; 24:843-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-013-9632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Show KY, Lee DJ, Pan X. Simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen-sulfur-carbon: recent advances and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:409-20. [PMID: 23267859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological removal of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur is drawing increasing research interest in search for an efficient and cost-effective wastewater treatment. While extensive work on separate removal of nitrogen and sulfur is well documented, investigation on simultaneous denitrifying sulfide removal has only been reported recently. Most of the work on denitrifying sulfide removal has been focusing on bioreactor performance, loading and operating conditions. Nonetheless, underlying principles elucidating the biochemical reactions and the mechanisms of the microbial degradation are yet to be established. In addition, unstable denitrifying sulfide removal which is a major operating problem that hinders practical application of the process, is yet to be resolved. This paper provides a review on the state-of-the-art development of simultaneous biological removal of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon. Research on bioreactor operation and performance, reactor configurations, mechanisms and modeling work including the use of mass balance analysis and artificial neural networks is delineated. An in-depth discussion on the microbial community and functional consortium is also provided. Challenges and future work on simultaneous biological removal of nitrogen-sulfur-carbon are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yeow Show
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Perak, Malaysia
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A Two-Stage Aerobic/Anaerobic Denitrifying Horizontal Bioreactor Designed for Treating Ammonium and H2S Simultaneously. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1643-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Doğan EC, Türker M, Dağaşan L, Arslan A. Simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal from industrial wastewaters under denitrifying conditions. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sulfate-reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation as a potential treatment method for high nitrogen-content wastewater. Biodegradation 2011; 23:509-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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35
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Biogas desulphurization at technical scale by lithotrophic denitrification: Integration of sulphide and nitrogen removal. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Díaz I, Lopes AC, Pérez SI, Fdz-Polanco M. Performance evaluation of oxygen, air and nitrate for the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulphide in biogas from sludge digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:7724-7730. [PMID: 20605444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance of hydrogen sulphide in severely polluted biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion of sludge was studied by employing pure oxygen, air and nitrate as oxidant reactives supplied to the biodigester. Research was performed in a 200-L digester with an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of ∼20 days under mesophilic conditions. The oxygen supply (0.25 N m³/m³ feed) to the bioreactor successfully reduced the hydrogen sulphide content from 15,811 mg/N m³ to less than 400 mg/N m³. The introduction of air (1.27 N m³/m³ feed) removed more than 99% of the hydrogen sulphide content, with a final concentration of ∼55 mg/N m³. COD removal, VS reduction and methane yield were not affected under microaerobic conditions; however, methane concentration in the biogas decreased when air was employed as a result of nitrogen dilution. The nitrate addition was not effective for hydrogen sulphide removal in the biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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Chen C, Ren N, Wang A, Liu L, Lee DJ. Enhanced performance of denitrifying sulfide removal process under micro-aerobic condition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 179:1147-1151. [PMID: 20233637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process with bio-granules comprising both heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers can simultaneously convert nitrate, sulfide and acetate into di-nitrogen gas, elementary sulfur and carbon dioxide, respectively, at high loading rates. This study determines the reaction rate of sulfide oxidized into sulfur, as well as the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, would be enhanced under a micro-aerobic condition. The presence of limited oxygen mitigated the inhibition effects of sulfide on denitrifier activities, and enhanced the performance of DSR granules. The advantages and disadvantages of applying the micro-aerobic condition to the DSR process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Shen J, He R, Han W, Sun X, Li J, Wang L. Biological denitrification of high-nitrate wastewater in a modified anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:595-600. [PMID: 19665298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A modified anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor has been applied to the denitrification of a high strength nitrate waste (about 3600 mg/L nitrate-N) generated from an initiating explosive factory. Nitrate removal efficiency and nitrite accumulation in the treated water were investigated under various conditions set by several factors including the type of carbon source used, ratios of carbon to nitrogen, pH and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results of the preliminary experiments, which were carried out in parallel CSTR systems, demonstrated that sodium acetate had shown the best performance as the external carbon source. The optimal reaction parameters in the anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor were pH 7.5-8.5, C/N 1.56 and HRT 30 h, with over 99.9% of nitrate removed and without accumulation of nitrite. Explicitly high average-specific denitrification rate of 324 mg NO(3)(-)-N/g VSS/h could be attained under these conditions. The aerobic process and membrane module used subsequently could remove the residual COD, excessive biomass and soluble microbial products generated during the denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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