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He Q, Tan B, Li M, Su J, Lin B, Wu NP, Shen HN, Chen JJ, Zhang Q. Deciphering the influence of salinity stress on the biological aniline degradation system: Pollutants degradation performance and microbial response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119162. [PMID: 38762003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the impact of salinity gradients on the aniline biodegradation system, six reactors at salinity concentrations (0%-5%) were established. The results presented the salinity except for 5% imposed negligible effects on aniline degradation performance. Nitrification had prominent resistance to salinity (0%-1.5%) while were significantly restrained when salinity increased. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of Z4 (1.5%) was 20.5% higher than Z1 (0%) during the stable operation phase. Moreover, high throughput sequencing analysis showed that halophilic bacterium, such as Halomonas, Rhodococcus, remained greater survival advantages in high salinity system. The substantial enrichment of Flavobacterium, Dokdonella, Paracoccus observed in Z4 ensured its excellent nitrogen removal performance. The close cooperation among dominant functional bacteria was strengthened when salt content was below 1.5% while exceeding 1.5% led to the collapse of metabolic capacity through integrating the toxicity of aniline and high osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bin Tan
- CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Hainan, 572024, PR China
| | - Junhao Su
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Nan-Ping Wu
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hao-Nan Shen
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jia-Jing Chen
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Hainan, 572024, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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2
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Ferreira AR, Skjolding LM, Sanchez DF, Bernar Ntynez AG, Ivanova YD, Feilberg KL, Chhetri RK, Andersen HR. Offshore produced water treatment by a biofilm reactor on the seabed: The effect of temperature and matrix characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121391. [PMID: 38905793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In many industrial processes a large amount of water with high salinity is co-produced whose treatment poses considerable challenges to the available technologies. The produced water (PW) from offshore operations is currently being discharged to sea without treatment for dissolved pollutants due to space limitations. A biofilter on the seabed adjacent to a production platform would negate all size restrictions, thus reducing the environmental impact of oil and gas production offshore. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was investigated for PW treatment from different oilfields in the North Sea at 10 °C and 40 °C, corresponding to the sea and PW temperature, respectively. The six PW samples in study were characterized by high salinity and chemical oxygen demand with ecotoxic effects on marine algae S. pseudocostatum (0.4%
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Ferreira
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars Michael Skjolding
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego Francisco Sanchez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandros Georgios Bernar Ntynez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yanina Dragomilova Ivanova
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU Offshore). Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 375, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen Louise Feilberg
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU Offshore). Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 375, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravi K Chhetri
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain). Water Technology & Processes. Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Fan Z, Zhou X. Decoding the Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Enhancing Nitrogen Removal from High-Ammonia and Low-C/N Wastewater in a Sequencing Batch Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061510. [PMID: 36987290 PMCID: PMC10051956 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) as a viscous high-molecular polymer in biological wastewater treatment has been recognized, in-depth knowledge of how EPSs affect nitrogen removal remains limited in biofilm-based reactors. Herein, we explored EPS characteristics associated with nitrogen removal from high-ammonia (NH4+-N: 300 mg/L) and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N: 2-3) wastewater in a sequencing batch packed-bed biofilm reactor (SBPBBR) under four different operating scenarios for a total of 112 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that the distinct physicochemical properties, interface microstructure, and chemical composition of the bio-carrier were conducive to biofilm formation and microbial immobilization and enrichment. Under the optimal conditions (C/N: 3, dissolved oxygen: 1.3 mg/L, and cycle time: 12 h), 88.9% ammonia removal efficiency (ARE) and 81.9% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) could be achieved in the SBPBBR. Based on visual and SEM observations of the bio-carriers, biofilm development, biomass concentration, and microbial morphology were closely linked with nitrogen removal performance. Moreover, FTIR and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy demonstrated that tightly bound EPSs (TB-EPSs) play a more important role in maintaining the stability of the biofilm. Significant shifts in the number, intensity, and position of fluorescence peaks of EPSs determined different nitrogen removal. More importantly, the high presence of tryptophan proteins and humic acids might promote advanced nitrogen removal. These findings uncover intrinsic correlations between EPSs and nitrogen removal for better controlling and optimizing biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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4
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Thakur K, Kuthiala T, Singh G, Arya SK, Iwai CB, Ravindran B, Khoo KS, Chang SW, Awasthi MK. An alternative approach towards nitrification and bioremediation of wastewater from aquaponics using biofilm-based bioreactors: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137849. [PMID: 36642133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics combines the advantages of aquaculture and hydroponics as it suits the urban environment where a lack of agricultural land and water resources is observed. It is an ecologically sound system that completely reuses its system waste as plant fertilizer. It offers sustainable water savings, making it a supreme technology for food production. The two major processes that hold the system together are nitrification and denitrification. The remains of fish in form of ammonia reach the bio filters where it is converted into nitrite and further into nitrate in presence of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrate eventually is taken up by the plants. However, even after the uptake from the flow stream, the effluent contains remaining ammonium and nitrates, which cannot be directly released into the environment. In this review it is suggested how integrating the biofilm-based bioreactors in addition to aquaculture and hydroponics eliminates the possibility of remains of total ammonia nitrogen [TAN] contents, leading to bioremediation of effluent water from the system. Effluent water after releasing from a bioreactor can be reused in an aquaculture system, conditions provided in these bioreactors promote the growth of required bacteria and encourages the mutual development of plants and fishes and eventually leading to bioremediation of wastewater from aquaponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanya Kuthiala
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Ajeng AA, Rosli NSM, Abdullah R, Yaacob JS, Qi NC, Loke SP. Resource recovery from hydroponic wastewaters using microalgae-based biorefineries: A circular bioeconomy perspective. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:11-22. [PMID: 36272573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population grows, it is necessary to rethink how countries throughout the world produce food in order to replace the conventional and unsustainable agricultural techniques. Microalgae cultivation using a nutrient-rich solution from hydroponic systems not only presents a novel approach to solving problems pertaining to the impact of the discharges on the natural environment but also provides a plethora of other biotechnological applications particularly in the productions of high value-added products and plants growth stimulants, which can be potentially assimilated into the circular bioeconomy (CBE) in the hydroponic sector. In this review, the potential and practicability of microalgae to be merged into hydroponics CBE are reviewed. Overall, the integration of microalgal biorefineries in hydroponics systems can be realized after considering their Technology Readiness Level and System Readiness Level beforehand. Several suggestions on strains and hydroponics system improvement using existing biotechnological tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and nanobiotechnology in support of the CBE will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaronn Avit Ajeng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Sharina Mohd Rosli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosazlin Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ng Cai Qi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Show Pau Loke
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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6
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Chen D, Zhao L, Wang Z, Li Y, Li Y, Yin M, Wang X, Yang Y. Successional dynamics of low C/N activated sludge system under salinity shock: Performance, nitrogen removal pathways, microbial community, and assembly. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135703. [PMID: 35842038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited carbon (low C/N) and salinity stress affect the stability of wastewater treatment plants. However, the effect of salinity shock on activated sludge systems with low C/N ratio wastewater remains unclear. An anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor treating low C/N wastewater was established to investigate the effects of salinity shock on system performance, nitrogen removal pathways, microbial community, interactions, and assembly. The results showed that the effluent COD concentration could maintain a stable level, and the average COD removal efficiency was 94.9%. However, total nitrogen removal was significantly inhibited. With the addition of salinity, efficiencies of total nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification decreased from 91.4 to 73.8% to 86.7 and 39.7%, respectively; however, nitrite reduction capacity increased by 25.4%. After removing salinity, ammonia oxidation capacity further deteriorated, evidenced by the increase in effluent NH4+-N from 8.0 to 11.8 mg/L. During the salinity shock, partial nitrification became the main nitrogen removal pathway because of the inhibition of Nitrospira and high nitrite accumulation ratio (>99.0%). Molecular ecological network analysis indicated that increased competition, decreased total modules, and disappearance of keystone taxa were related to the deterioration of ammonia oxidation capacity and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, the abundant denitrification module and increased denitrifiers contributed to the increase in nitrite reduction capacity. Salinity shock under low C/N conditions resulted in a stronger stochastic community assembly. This study provided information that can help enable stable operations for treating low C/N wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Drainage Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Yihan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meilin Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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7
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Fan Y, Zhang M, Cheng J, Yong D, Ji J, Wu Q, He C. Elucidating nitrifying performance, nitrite accumulation and microbial community in a three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134087. [PMID: 35216986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR, consisting of three identical chambers of N1, N2 and N3) was proposed for nitrifier enrichment using synthetic wastewater. During the stable operation, the average NH4+-N effluent was 0.67 mg/L and NH4+-N removal was as high as 97.19% with the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 54.23%, although the biofilm thickness and biomass both presented downward trends from N1 (296 μm, 2280 mg/L), N2 (248 μm, 1850 mg/L) to N3 (198 μm, 1545 mg/L). Particularly, the comparative results of three stages revealed that N2 showed the optimum NH4+-N removal (77.27%) and NAR (75.21%) in the continuous-flow, while NAR of N3 unexpectedly maintained a high level of 65.83% in the batch test, suggesting that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) accounted for absolute advantage over nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). High-throughput sequencing initially verified different distribution of bacterial community structure, where N2 was far away from N1 and N3 with the lowest community richness and community diversity (operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 454(N2)<527(N3)<621(N1)). Proteobacteria (77.60%-83.09%), Bacteroidetes (1.66%-3.66%), Acidobacteria (2.28%-4.67%), and Planctomycetes (1.19%-6.63%) were the major phyla. At the genus level, AOB (mainly Nitrosomonas) accounted for 5.08% (N1), 20.74% (N2) and 14.24% (N3) while NOB (mainly Nitrospira) increased from 0.14% (N1), 7.06% (N2) to 4.91% (N3) with the total percentages of 5.22%, 27.80% and 19.15%. Finally, the application feasibility of MBBR optimization linked with nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation for deep-level nutrient removal was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Fan
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China.
| | - Jilin Cheng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Daming Yong
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Junjie Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Chengda He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
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OUIDIR T, GABRIEL B, CHABANE YNAIT. Overview of multi-species biofilms in different ecosystems: wastewater treatment, soil and oral cavity. J Biotechnol 2022; 350:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Zhang H, Wu J, Li R, Kim DH, Bi X, Zhang G, Jiang B, Yong Ng H, Shi X. Novel intertidal wetland sediment-inoculated moving bed biofilm reactor treating high-salinity wastewater: Metagenomic sequencing revealing key functional microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126817. [PMID: 35134521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), seeded with intertidal wetland sediment (IWS) and activated sludge (AS), were constructed to compare their performances in treating high-salinity (3%) wastewater. Under a wide range of influent TOC (178-620 mg/L) and NH4+-N (25-100 mg/L), both the MBBRs (Riws and Ras) exhibited excellent TOC removal efficiencies of >95%. Regarding nitrogen reduction, Riws exhibited a significantly superior TN removal efficiency of 90.2 ± 1.8% than that of Ras (76.8 ± 2.9%). A correlation analysis was innovatively conducted comparing the results between metagenomic sequencing and DNA pyrosequencing, and positive linear relationships were found with R2 values of 0.763-0.945. Meanwhile, for illustration of different TN removal performance, nitrogen metabolic pathways were also assessed. Moreover, a list of functional oxidases (EC: 1.13.11.1, EC: 1.13.11.2, EC: 1.13.11.24, EC: 1.13.12.16, EC: 1.4.3.4, EC: 1.16.3.3, EC: 1.14.14.28) was found in IWS, revealing its potential in degradation of recalcitrant organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Dr. 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
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10
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Dinh NT, Nguyen TH, Mungray AK, Duong LD, Phuong NT, Nguyen DD, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Tuan PD. Biological treatment of saline domestic wastewater by using a down-flow hanging sponge reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131101. [PMID: 34182628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of salinity on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations in bioreactor was investigated using a hybrid bench scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system for 145 days of operation. The reactor had three identical sections that were filled to 30% volume with Bio-Bact to serve as attached media. The DHS reactor was fed with domestic wastewater that was mixed with increasing concentration of sodium chloride from 0.5 to 3.0% stepwise. The influent and effluent concentrations of BOD5, CODCr, NH4+-N, and TN were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the DHS reactor during the operational period. Results indicate that when salinity was increased from 0.5 to 3.0%, the removal efficiency gradually decreased from 80.3% to 61.5% for CODCr, 76.4%-65.0% for BOD5, 64.1%-48.4% for NH4+-N, and 50%-36% for TN. Besides, the changes in biofilm characteristics with increasing salinity were observed during the operational period. The results indicate that salinity has a significant influence on the removal of organic matters and nitrogen transformation in the biofilm of the bioreactor. Even so, the DHS reactor revealed a good potential for treating saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Dinh
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam.
| | - T Hiep Nguyen
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - La Duc Duong
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen-Tri Phuong
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan D Tuan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam
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11
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Marathe D, Singh A, Raghunathan K, Thawale P, Kumari K. Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land-based treatment as an emerging environment-friendly technology: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2461-2504. [PMID: 34453764 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Different industrial activities such as agro-food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land-based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Physico-chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land-based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Marathe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anshika Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prashant Thawale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 107, India
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The Influence of Different Operation Conditions on the Treatment of Mariculture Wastewater by the Combined System of Anoxic Filter and Membrane Bioreactor. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100729. [PMID: 34677495 PMCID: PMC8539745 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mariculture wastewater treatment performance for the combined system of anoxic filter and membrane bioreactor (AF-MBR) was investigated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), influent alkalinity, and influent ammonia nitrogen load. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen were slightly better at the HRT of 8 h than at other HRTs, and the phosphate removal efficiency decreased with the increase of HRT. With the increase of influent alkalinity, the removal of TOC and phosphate did not change significantly. With the increase of influent alkalinity from 300 mg/L to 500 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of AF-MBR was improved, but the change of the removal efficiency was not obvious when the alkalinity increased from 500 mg/L to 600 mg/L. When the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen varied from 20 mg/L to 50 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of TOC, phosphate, and total nitrogen by AF-MBR were stable. An interesting finding was that in all the different operation conditions examined, the treatment efficiency of AF-MBR was always better than that of the control MBR. The concentrations of NO3−-N in AF-MBR were relatively low, whereas NO3−-N accumulated in the control MBR. The reason was that the microorganisms attached to the carrier and remained fixed in the aerobic and anoxic spaces, so that there was a gradual enrichment of bacteria characterized by slow growth in a high-salt environment. In addition, the microorganisms could gather and grow on the carrier forming a biofilm with higher activity, a richer and more stable population, and enhanced ability to resist a load impact.
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Chen D, Wang Z, Zhang M, Wang X, Lu S. Effect of increasing salinity and low C/N ratio on the performance and microbial community of a sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1213-1224. [PMID: 31446846 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1660417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing salinity on the performance and microbial community structure in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating low C/N ratio wastewater. The SBR was subjected to a gradual increased salinity from 0 wt% to3.0 wt% under low Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/N ratio, operating for 80 days. The study results indicated that high salinity decreased the removal efficiency of ammonium (NH4+-N) from 77.09% (1.0 wt%) to 45.7% (3.0wt%). The organic matter removal are not significantly affected by the high salinity. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the gradual increased salinity altered the overall bacterial community structure, and low salinity (1wt%) promoted the bacterial diversity, while high salinity (2 and 3 wt%) significantly decreased the bacterial diversity in low C/N ratio activated sludge system. Further analysis revealed that two genera related to nitrification process (unclassified-Nitrosomonadales and g-Nitrospira) were inhibited, while a genus related to organic removal (Piscicoccus) and three genera related to denitrification (Rodobacteraceae, Denitromonas and Hyphomicrobium) increased significantly at a salinity of 3 wt%. This study provides insights of shifts in the bacteria community under the stress of high salinity in low C/N ratio of activated sludge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daying Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Sivasubramanian R, Chen GH, Mackey HR. Shock effects of monovalent cationic salts on seawater cultivated granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123646. [PMID: 32846259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewater is commonly encountered in various industries, posing challenges to biological treatments. The application of seawater as a seed source provides a media of diverse halophilic organisms for rapid startup. However, effects of transitioning from a mixed salt source to monovalent salt solutions prevalent in industry remains unexplored. Hence, seed sludge was cultivated using seawater and later granulated under a mixed-salt synthetic medium comprising a mixture of NaCl, KCl and Na2SO4 at a combined concentration of 0.8 M (0.27 M each). The stable, acclimated granules were then tested against single salt media of 0.8 M NaCl, KCl, or Na2SO4. Shift to single salt media resulted in granule disaggregation, poor settling, sludge washout and development of fluffy or slimy flocs. Changes in exopolysaccharides composition after the single salt shift was the predominant reason for the large changes in sludge morphology. The impacts of KCl and Na2SO4 were more significant than the shift to NaCl. The resulting impacts also had a major influence on the treatment performance. A complex mechanism involving monovalent cation stimulation of proteins; ionic strength impacts on exopolysaccharides and morphology; solution density influence on sludge density and settling; and tonicity impacts on cell viability and treatment is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Li C, Gu Z, Zhu S, Liu D. 17β-Estradiol removal routes by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) under various C/N ratios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140381. [PMID: 32599404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the contribution of biotic and abiotic routes to the 17β-estradiol (E2) removal in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), and uncovered the interrelation between the E2 removal routes and biofilm characteristics, which was not researched in previous literature. Three MBBRs with different C/N ratios (0 for C/N0; 2 for C/N2; and 5 for C/N5) were operated in continuous mode. A 65-day degradation demonstrated that the MBBRs had high potential to remove E2 regardless of the C/N (E2 removal greater than 99% for all MBBRs; P > 0.05). Further batch tests showed that the E2 removal mainly resulted from heterotrophic activities for all MBBRs, accounting for approximately 85% for all MBBRs (P > 0.05), followed by nitrification (10-11%) and adsorption (4-5%). Importantly, lower adhesive force likely led to higher E2 adsorption onto biofilms. Besides, enhanced ammonia oxidizing rate (AOR) was consistent with the high contribution of nitrification to the E2 attenuation. Importantly, heterotrophic activity was positively correlated with its contribution to E2 removal (r = 0.99, P < 0.05). To sum, the results obtained in this study helped to understand the E2 removal routes in nitrifying biofilm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhefeng Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lamraoui I, Eltoukhy A, Wang J, Lamraoui M, Ahmed A, Jia Y, Lu T, Yan Y. Biodegradation of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by a novel Enterobacter spp. Strain YC-IL1 Isolated from Polluted Soil, Mila, Algeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207501. [PMID: 33076331 PMCID: PMC7602616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the phthalic acid ester representatives and is mainly used as a plasticizer to endow polyvinyl chloride plastics with desirable physical properties. It is synthesized in massive amounts worldwide. Many studies have proved the adverse effects of DEHP on human health and wildlife. DEHP is labeled as an endocrine disruptor which causes human reproductive problems. Enterobacter spp. YC-IL1, a novel isolated strain from contaminated soil, was identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis and electronic microscope. It is capable of efficiently degrading DEHP (100%) and a wide range of phthalic acid ester PAEs, particularly those containing side chains with branches, or ring structures such as dutylbenzyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate, which are hard to degrade, with, respectively, 81.15% and 50.69% degradation after 7 days incubation. YC-IL1 is an acido-tolerant strain which remained in pH values lower than pH 5.0 with the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature 30 °C. The DEHP metabolites were detected using HPLC-QQQ and then the degradation pathway was tentatively proposed. Strain YC-IL1 showed high DEHP degradation rate in artificially contaminated soil with 86% removed in 6 days. These results indicate the application potential of YC-IL1 in bioremediation of PAE-polluted sites, even the acidic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lamraoui
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Adel Eltoukhy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Messaouda Lamraoui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 0600, Algeria;
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8210-9685
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Su MH, Azwar E, Yang Y, Sonne C, Yek PNY, Liew RK, Cheng CK, Show PL, Lam SS. Simultaneous removal of toxic ammonia and lettuce cultivation in aquaponic system using microwave pyrolysis biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122610. [PMID: 32298865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m2/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD5 level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Huan Su
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Elfina Azwar
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - YaFeng Yang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; School of Engineering and Technology, University College of Technology Sarawak, Lot 88, Persiaran Brooke, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang 10400, Malaysia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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18
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Ashrafi E, Allahyari E, Torresi E, Andersen HR. Effect of slow biodegradable substrate addition on biofilm structure and reactor performance in two MBBRs filled with different support media. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2750-2759. [PMID: 30734662 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1581261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBR1 and MBBR2) filled with different size of carrier media (Kaldnes K1 and Kaldnes K1 micro, respectively) were subjected to soluble (sugar and sodium acetate (Ac)) substrate and mixture of soluble and particulate (particulate potato starch (PS)) substrate in a very high organic loading rate (12 kgCOD/m3·d) at different temperatures (26 and 15°C, in MBBR1 and MBBR2, respectively). The effects of carrier type and substrate on biofilm structure and reactor performance have been studied. Starch was removed by adsorption at the biofilm surface and hydrolyzed which caused substrate gradient in MBBR1, however, hydrolyzed uniformly within biofilm in MBBR2. The biofilm of MBBR1 was irregular due to filamentous structure growth due to the substrate gradient, while, it was regular in MBBR2 due to uniform distribution of substrate. The performance of both MBBRs in ammonium, COD and TN removal decreased significantly when the amount of small particles in the reactor increased owing to feeding by starch, which led to biomass density decline. The type of media affected the quantity and distribution of attached biomass, which in turn influenced the activity of specific microbial functional groups in the biofilm. The biofilm in MBBR2 was thicker and consequently nitrogen removal by denitrification was much higher. The lower temperature did not affect negatively the reactor performance in MBBR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ashrafi
- Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Research Center (BBRC), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Water Lab, Sanitary Section, Department of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Edris Allahyari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Torresi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Dias NC, Alves TLM, Azevedo DA, Bassin JP, Dezotti M. Metabolization of by-products formed by ozonation of the azo dye Reactive Red 239 in moving-bed biofilm reactors in series. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar A, Singh S, Gaurav AK, Srivastava S, Verma JP. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Biological Tools for the Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1216. [PMID: 32733391 PMCID: PMC7358356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening sustainable crop production worldwide. The extent of salinity affected area is expected to cover about 50% of total agricultural land by 2050. Salinity stress produces various detrimental effects on plants’ physiological, biochemical, and molecular features and reduces productivity. The poor plant growth under salinity stress is due to reduced nutrient mobilization, hormonal imbalance, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ionic toxicity, and osmotic stress. Additionally, salinity also modulates physicochemical properties and reduces the microbial diversity of soil and thus decreases soil health. On the other hand, the demand for crop production is expected to increase in coming decades owing to the increasing global population. Conventional agricultural practices and improved salt-tolerant crop varieties will not be sufficient to achieve the yields desired in the near future. Plants harbor diverse microbes in their rhizosphere, and these have the potential to cope with the salinity stress. These salinity-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) assist the plants in withstanding saline conditions. These plant-associated microbes produce different compounds such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), antioxidants, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Additionally, the naturally associated microbiome of plants has the potential to protect the host through stress avoidance, tolerance, and resistance strategies. Recent developments in microbiome research have shown ways in which novel microbe-assisted technologies can enhance plant salt tolerance and enable higher crop production under saline conditions. This focused review article presents the global scenario of salinity stress and discusses research highlights regarding PGPB and the microbiome as a biological tool for mitigation of salinity stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anand Kumar Gaurav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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21
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Loofah Sponges as Bio-Carriers in a Pilot-Scale Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fixed-film biofilm reactors are considered one of the most effective wastewater treatment processes, however, the cost of their plastic bio-carriers makes them less attractive for application in developing countries. This study evaluated loofah sponges, an eco-friendly renewable agricultural product, as bio-carriers in a pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Tests showed that pristine loofah sponges disintegrated within two weeks resulting in a decrease in the treatment efficiencies. Accordingly, loofah sponges were modified by coating them with CaCO3 and polymer. IFAS pilot tests using the modified loofah sponges achieved 83% organic removal and 71% total nitrogen removal and met Vietnam’s wastewater effluent discharge standards. The system achieved considerably high levels of nitrification and it was not limited by the loading rate or dissolved oxygen levels. Cell concentrations in the carriers were twenty to forty times higher than those within the aeration tank. Through 16S-rRNA sequencing, the major micro-organism types identified were Kluyvera cryocrescens, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus tropicus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas turukhanskensis. This study demonstrated that although modified loofah sponges are effective renewable bio-carriers for municipal wastewater treatment, longer-term testing is recommended.
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Almomani F, Bohsale RR. Optimizing nutrient removal of moving bed biofilm reactor process using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123059. [PMID: 32109732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of 3-stages process (anaerobic, anoxic and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)) for organic matter and nutrient removals from secondary WWTP effluents at various hydraulic retention time (HRT) and nitrate recycle ratio (R) was investigated. Percentage removals of total nitrogen (%TNremoval) and phosphorous (%TPremoval) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimized conditions (HRTtotal = 12.8 hr and R = 1.5) significant chemical oxygen demand removal (%CODremoval), %TNremoval and %TPremoval of 95.5%, 96.2%, 94.70% were attained. The MMBR effectively reduced organic matter and nutrient under low HRT and R. %TNremoval was improved by increasing the HRTR2 up to 1.5 h at R ≤ 2. Bio-uptake of phosphorus and nitrate is controlled by release of secondary phosphorous. Reactors demonstrated stable biofilm characteristics except for a slight decrease in biofilm thickness due to flow-shear stress. The 3-stages process performed four times higher than suspended growth process and similar to 5-stage Bardenpho-MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rahul R Bohsale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Impact of additive application on the establishment of fast and stable aerobic granulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5697-5709. [PMID: 32415318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a microbial biofilm self-aggregation, which is effective for nutrient and pollutant removal, through the development of dense microbial layers bound together with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, long start-up times and granule disintegration are still challenges ahead. An array of external additives, including ion chelating agents, sludge-based enhancers, and magnetic influence have been tested to overcome these barriers. The application of such additives may promote enhanced EPS production, neutralization of charges on the bacterial surface, acts as a core-induced agent, or as a bridge to connect EPSs and cell surfaces. Although additives may improve the granule formation without reducing treatment efficiencies, there are still environmental concerns due to the fate and toxicity of discharged excess sludge. This mini-review identifies an array of external additives and their mechanisms to improve granulation properties, and proposes discussion about the technical and economic viability of these additives. KEY POINTS: • Additives reduce granulation time and repair granule disintegration. • Biopolymer-based additives fulfill technical and environmental requirements. • Sludge-based additives are cheap and in line with the resource recovery concept. • The need for environmental-friendly additives for aerobic granular sludge process. • External additives affect granular biomass size distribution.
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He Q, Wang H, Chen L, Gao S, Zhang W, Song J, Yu J. Elevated salinity deteriorated enhanced biological phosphorus removal in an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121782. [PMID: 32014652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline wastewater may pose threats to biological wastewater treatment processes. An aerobic granular sludge-based sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) was evaluated with increased salinity from 1 to 2 % (w/v). Nitrogen removal performance was unaffected by salinity up to 20 g/L in terms of reliable and efficient nitrification and denitrification. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was completely deteriorated at salinity up to 2 %, in contrast to excellent phosphorus removal at 1 %. Profiles of phosphorus over one cycle demonstrated that higher salinity not only inhibited anaerobic phosphorus release but also impeded aerobic/anoxic phosphorus uptake. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed multiple halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria within aerobic granules with family Anaerolineaceae being the predominant potential salt adapter. Besides, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) were more tolerant to salt than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifying PAOs (DNPAOs). These results deciphered the resilience of aerobic granular sludge-based biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes to hypersaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulai He
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuxian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianyang Song
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Li H, Wu S, Yang C. Performance and Biomass Characteristics of SB Rs Treating High-Salinity Wastewater at Presence of Anionic Surfactants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082689. [PMID: 32295163 PMCID: PMC7216276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as two anionic surfactants, have diffused into environments such as surface water and ground water due to extensive and improper use. The effects on the removal performance and microbial community of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) need to be investigated in the treatment of saline wastewater containing 20 g/L NaCl. The presence of SDS and SDBS could decrease the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the effect of SDS was more significant. The effect of surfactants on the removal mainly occurred during the aeration phase. Adding SDS and SDBS can reduce the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In addition, SDS and SDBS also can reduce the inhibition of high salinity on sludge activity. A total of 16 s of rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the addition of surfactants reduced the diversity of microbial communities; besides, the relative abundance value of the dominant population Proteobacteria increased from 91.66% to 97.12% and 93.48% when SDS and SDBS were added into the system, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; (H.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
- Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Li C, Lan L, Tadda MA, Zhu S, Ye Z, Liu D. Interaction between 17β-estradiol degradation and nitrification in mariculture wastewater by Nitrosomonas europaea and MBBR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135846. [PMID: 31818605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relation between 17β-estradiol (E2) degradation and nitrification in synthetic mariculture wastewater by ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Batch experiments showed that E2 degradation by N. europaea in wastewater followed zero-order reaction kinetics (r2 = 0.944, 4.07 μg/ L h-1) when ammonia presented. Nitrite yield in N. europaea inoculation decreased by 77.8% exposed to 1 mg/L E2. The inhibitory impact on ammonia oxidation was enhanced with increasing E2 dosage from 50 ng/L to 1 mg/L. Notably, E2 as low as 50 ng/L still had significant interference with nitrite production, bacterial density and ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity of N. europaea. Still, the following continuous 68-day degradation test revealed that 84.5%-98.7% E2 could be removed by a bench-scale MBBR. Whereas, ammonia removal remarkably decreased from 94.7% ± 2.1% to 85.6% ± 2.1% (p < .05) along with the enhanced E2 removal (from 84.5% ± 2.0% to 98.7% ± 0.4%, p < .05) when inlet E2 increased from 10 μg/L to 1 mg/L, indicating the great role of heterotrophs in E2 degradation. In contrast, nitrite oxidation was not affected upon E2 exposure irrespective of E2 concentrations. In summary, nitrification was effective in removing E2, while E2 interfered with ammoxidation process, but this interference was negligible at the reactor level given the low level of E2 in practical field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musa Abubakar Tadda
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Gao Y, Wang X, Li J, Lee CT, Ong PY, Zhang Z, Li C. Effect of aquaculture salinity on nitrification and microbial community in moving bed bioreactors with immobilized microbial granules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122427. [PMID: 31784249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel immobilized microbial granules (IMG) shows a significant effect of nitrification for freshwater aquaculture. However, there is lack of evaluation study on the performance of nitrification at high salinity due to the concentration of recycled water or seawater utilization. A laboratory scale moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) with IMG was tested on recycled synthetic aquaculture wastewater for the nitrification at 2.5 mg/L NH3-N daily. The results indicated that IMG showed a high salinity tolerance and effectively converted ammonia to nitrate up to 92% at high salinity of 35.0 g/L NaCl. As salinity increased from near zero to 35.0 g/L, the microbial activity of nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) in the IMG decreased by 86.32%. The microbial community analysis indicated that salinity significantly influenced the community structure. It was found that Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrospira sp. were the dominant genera for ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) and NOB respectively at different salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshu Gao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xupeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jialun Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Center in Agritechnology For Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zhenjia Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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28
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Li C, Liang J, Lin X, Xu H, Tadda MA, Lan L, Liu D. Fast start-up strategies of MBBR for mariculture wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109267. [PMID: 31325791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is widely used for ammonia removal in saline recirculating aquaculture systems but often faces a slow start-up problem. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy for the rapid start-up of MBBR treating synthetic mariculture wastewater. Changes in nitrification performance, biofilm characteristics and bacterial community were assessed in response to various start-up strategies: R1 as the control; R2 with step-decrease of inlet NH4+-N; R3 with step-increase of inlet salinity; R4 added with particulate organic matter (POM) and R5 inoculated with nitrifying bacteria. Results show that nitrification was completed on day 63 for R3, 16-18 days faster than the other strategies. The highest protein (28.2 ± 5.1 mg/g·VS) and polysaccharide (59.4 ± 0.4 mg/g·VS) contents were observed in R3, likely linked to the faster biofilm formation. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the typical constituents of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and DNA in biofilms. Moreover, along with the biofilm development in R3, the intensity of the peak at 1400 cm-1 (assigned to specific amides) decreased. Pyrosequencing of 16s rRNA revealed that Gammaproteobacteria was the predominating microbial community at class level (35.6%) in R3. qPCR analysis further verified the significantly higher gene copies of amoA (1.57 × 104 copies/μL) and nxrB (5.51 × 103 copies/μL) in R3. Results obtained make the elevated salinity strategy a promising alternative for the rapid nitrification start-up of saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochang Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Musa Abubakar Tadda
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihua Lan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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29
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Liu J, Zhou J, Xu N, He A, Xin F, Ma J, Fang Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Jiang M, Dong W. Performance evaluation of a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using polyethylene as support material in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with terephthalic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:117-123. [PMID: 30986593 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Untreated terephthalic acid (TPA) wastewaters with high organic loads will cause severe environmental pollution problems. In this study, a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor, where biomass of Delftia sp. WL-3 is attached to polypropylene carrier elements, has been tested for TPA bioremediation at 25-27 °C. The system achieved stable operation after a short 15-day start-up period. During the operation period of 65 days, stable chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TPA removal efficiencies of 68% and 76% were maintained with an organic load rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time of 2.5 kg COD·(m3·d)-1 and 24 h, respectively. In addition, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that high-densities of WL-3 biomass accumulated on the surface of the carrier and formed a rich biofilm, indicating polypropylene carrier can improve the degradation efficiency. On the contrary, the biodegradation ability of stain WL-3 without the polypropylene carrier declined significantly with removal efficiencies of 10% and 15% for COD and TPA. Furthermore, the system exhibited excellent robustness to different OLR and influent matrix ratios, indicating its potential for applications in the treatment of TPA-containment wastewater in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, PR China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, PR China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Shixun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
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30
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Shirzad M, Karimi M, Silva JA, Rodrigues AE. Moving Bed Reactors: Challenges and Progress of Experimental and Theoretical Studies in a Century of Research. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shirzad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4563,
Enghelab, Tehran 11365-4563, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karimi
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Grupo de Processos e Produtos Sustentáveis, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José A.C. Silva
- Grupo de Processos e Produtos Sustentáveis, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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31
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Ge CH, Dong Y, Li H, Li Q, Ni SQ, Gao B, Xu S, Qiao Z, Ding S. Nitritation-anammox process - A realizable and satisfactory way to remove nitrogen from high saline wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:86-93. [PMID: 30579105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, acclimation of freshwater nitritation-anammox sludge to remove nitrogen in high saline and hypersaline wastewater was evaluated, during which the microbes activity and microbial community revolution were revealed to understand the fate of a nitritation-anammox process (SNAP) in response to increasing salt stress. By enhanced aeration, the SNAP system can treat saline (3%) ammonium-rich (185 mg/L) wastewater after gradual adaption. Hypersalinity (5%) caused final deterioration of the SNAP system due to a severe inhibition on anammox activity. Genera Kuenenia (anammox), Nitrosomonas (AOB) and Nitrosovibrio (AOB) bacteria were salt adaptable microbes, while genus Nitrospira (NOB) bacteria were sensitive to salinity. Under the enhanced aeration, AOB bacteria could bear 3% salinity with possible enriched ammonia monooxygenase to stimulate the conversion of ammonium to nitrite by producing more intermediate-hydroxylamine, which could alleviate the negative effect of insufficient hydroxylamine oxidase members in AOB bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Ge
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Dong
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shiping Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhuangming Qiao
- Shandong Meiquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, PR China
| | - Shaowu Ding
- Shandong Wanhao Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jinan, PR China
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32
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Li J, Ye W, Wei D, Ngo HH, Guo W, Qiao Y, Xu W, Du B, Wei Q. System performance and microbial community succession in a partial nitrification biofilm reactor in response to salinity stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:512-518. [PMID: 30248650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The system performance and microbial community succession in a partial nitrification biofilm reactor in response to salinity stress was conducted. It was found that the NH4+-N removal efficiency decreased from 98.4% to 42.0% after salinity stress increased to 20 g/L. Specific oxygen uptake rates suggested that AOB activity was more sensitive to the stress of salinity than that of NOB. Protein and polysaccharides contents showed an increasing tendency in both LB-EPS and TB-EPS after the salinity exposure. Moreover, EEM results indicated that protein-like substances were the main component in LB-EPS and TB-EPS as self-protection in response to salinity stress. Additionally, humic acid-like substances were identified as the main component in the effluent organic matter (EfOM) of partial nitrification biofilm, whereas fulvic acid-like substances were detected at 20 g/L salinity stress. Microbial community analysis found that Nitrosomonas as representative species of AOB were significantly inhibited under high salinity condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Wei Ye
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiming Qiao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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33
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Jeong D, Cho K, Lee CH, Lee S, Bae H. Effects of salinity on nitrification efficiency and bacterial community structure in a nitrifying osmotic membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Enhancement of Organic Matter Removal in an Integrated Biofilm-Membrane Bioreactor Treating High-Salinity Wastewater. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018; 2018:2148286. [PMID: 30245590 PMCID: PMC6136518 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2148286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High salinity can strongly inhibit microbial activity and decrease the sedimentation ability of activated sludge. The combination of biofilm and membrane bioreactor is a practical approach towards effective removal of pollutants and low fouling rate. An integrated biofilm-membrane bioreactor (BMBR) treating mustard tuber wastewater was investigated. An average COD removal efficiency of 94.81% and ammonium removal efficiency of 96.84% were achieved at an organic load of 0.5 kg COD/(m3·d). However, the reactor showed a relatively low efficiency in total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus removal due to the lack of anaerobic environment. The increase of influent organic load resulted in a performance degradation because a balance between the degradation ability and pollution has been reached. Images of scanning electron microscopy revealed that halophilic bacteria were the dominant microbe in the system that leads to a loose sludge structure and declined settling properties. It was found that membrane fouling was the consequence of the interaction of microbial activities and NaCl crystallization.
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35
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Chen Y, He H, Liu H, Li H, Zeng G, Xia X, Yang C. Effect of salinity on removal performance and activated sludge characteristics in sequencing batch reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:890-899. [PMID: 29145115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance, activated sludge characteristics and microbial community in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were studied at salinity ranging from 0 to 20 g/L. Results showed that salinity deteriorated the removal performance. Removal rate of ammonium (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were gradually dropped from 95.34%, 93.58% and 94.88% (0 g/L) to 62.98%, 55.64% and 55.78% (20 g/L), respectively. The removals of NH4+-N and TP were mainly influenced during aerobic phase. Besides, salinity increased the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content of activated sludge, decreased the content of protein (PN) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) which led to better settleability of activated sludge. Moreover, salinity inhibited the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of activated sludge. Sequence analysis illustrated Zoogloea and Thioclava were predominant at 0 and 20 g/L salinity, respectively. The difference of microbial community under high salinity was likely caused by the variation of richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huijun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huiru Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xing Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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36
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Leyva-Díaz JC, Rodríguez-Sánchez A, González-López J, Poyatos JM. Effect of salinity variation on the autotrophic kinetics of the start-up of a membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor at low hydraulic retention time. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:714-720. [PMID: 29431716 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment were studied to determine the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal and autotrophic kinetics. The biological systems were analyzed during the start-up phase with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, total biomass concentration of 2,500 mg L-1 in the steady state, and electric conductivities of 1.05 mS cm-1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR working under regular salinity and conductivity variations of 1.2-6.5 mS cm-1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR operating at variable salinity. The variable salinity affected the autotrophic biomass, which caused a reduction of the nitrogen degradation rate, an increase of time to remove ammonium from municipal wastewater and longer duration of the start-up phase for the MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Leyva-Díaz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain E-mail:
| | - A Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain E-mail:
| | - J González-López
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Poyatos
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain E-mail:
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37
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Technical, hygiene, economic, and life cycle assessment of full-scale moving bed biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 25:2552-2569. [PMID: 29127641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Mirbolooki H, Amirnezhad R, Pendashteh AR. Treatment of high saline textile wastewater by activated sludge microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jart.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Nahurira R, Ren L, Song J, Jia Y, Wang J, Fan S, Wang H, Yan Y. Degradation of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by a Novel Gordonia alkanivorans Strain YC-RL2. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:309-319. [PMID: 28078431 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One bacterial strain, YC-RL2, isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, could utilize environmental hormone Di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a sole carbon source for growth. Strain YC-RL2 was identified as Gordonia alkanivorans by 16S rRNA gene analysis and Biolog tests. The effects of environmental factors which might affect the degrading process were optimized at 30 °C and pH 8.0. Strain YC-RL2 showed superior halotolerance and could tolerate up to 0-5% NaCl in trace element medium supplemented with DEHP, although the DEHP degradation rates slowed as NaCl concentration increased. It also showed an outstanding performance in a wide range of pH (6.0-11.0). Meanwhile, strain YC-RL2 was able to withstand high concentrations of DEHP (from 100 to 800 mg/L), and the degradation rates were all above 94%. The DEHP intermediates were detected by HPLC-MS, and the degradation pathway was deduced tentatively. DEHP was transformed into phthalic acid (PA) via mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and PA was further utilized for growth via benzoic acid (BA). The enzyme expected to catalyze the hydrolysis of MEHP to PA was identified from strain YC-RL2. Further investigation found that the enzyme could catalyze the transformation of a wide range of monoalkyl phthalates to PA. This study is the first report about species G. alkanivorans which could degrade several kinds of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and indicates its application potential for bioremediation of PAE-polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nahurira
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuanghu Fan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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40
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Siciliano A, De Rosa S. An experimental model of COD abatement in MBBR based on biofilm growth dynamic and on substrates' removal kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2058-2071. [PMID: 26758696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1140814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a lab-scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) under different operating conditions was analysed. Moreover, the dependence of the reaction rates both from the concentration and biodegradability of substrates and from the biofilm surface density, by means of several batch kinetic tests, was investigated. The reactor controls exhibited an increasing COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal, reaching maximum yields (close to 90%) for influent loadings of up to12.5 gCOD/m(2)d. From this value, the pilot plant performance decreased to yields of only about 55% for influent loadings greater than 16 gCOD/m(2)d. In response to the influent loading increase, the biofilm surface density exhibited a logistic growing trend until reaching a maximum amount of total attached solids of about 9.5 g/m(2). The kinetic test results indicated that the COD removal rates for rapidly biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable and slowly biodegradable substrates were not affected by the organic matter concentrations. Instead, first-order kinetics were detected with respect to biofilm surface density. The experimental results permitted the formulation of a mathematical model to predict the MBBR organic matter removal efficiency. The validity of the model was successfully tested in the lab-scale plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Siciliano
- a Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , University of Calabria , Rende , CS , Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- a Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , University of Calabria , Rende , CS , Italy
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41
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Gonzalez-Silva BM, Jonassen KR, Bakke I, Østgaard K, Vadstein O. Nitrification at different salinities: Biofilm community composition and physiological plasticity. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:48-58. [PMID: 26986496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an experimental study of microbial communities of three moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) inoculated with nitrifying cultures originated from environments with different salinity; freshwater, brackish (20‰) and seawater. All reactors were run until they operated at a conversion efficiency of >96%. The microbial communities were profiled using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the differences in microbial community structure and distribution of the nitrifying populations with different salinity environments. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) and the PERMANOVA test based on Bray-Curtis similarities revealed significantly different community structure in the three reactors. The brackish reactor showed lower diversity index than fresh and seawater reactors. Venn diagram showed that 60 and 78% of the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) guild, respectively, were unique OTUs for a given reactor. Similarity Percentages (SIMPER) analysis showed that two-thirds of the total difference in community structure between the reactors was explained by 10 OTUs, indicating that only a small number of OTUs play a numerically dominant role in the nitrification process. Acute toxicity of salt stress on ammonium and nitrite oxidizing activities showed distinctly different patterns, reaching 97% inhibition of the freshwater reactor for ammonium oxidation rate. In the brackish culture, inhibition was only observed at maximal level of salinity, 32‰. In the fully adapted seawater culture, higher activities were observed at 32‰ than at any of the lower salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca M Gonzalez-Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands v. 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kjell Rune Jonassen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands v. 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands v. 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kjetill Østgaard
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands v. 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands v. 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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42
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Wang Z, Gao M, Wei J, Ma K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Yu S. Extracellular polymeric substances, microbial activity and microbial community of biofilm and suspended sludge at different divalent cadmium concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 205:213-221. [PMID: 26829529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The differences between biofilm and suspended sludge (S-sludge) in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), microbial activity, and microbial community in an anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) at different concentrations of divalent cadmium (Cd(II)) were investigated. As the increase of Cd(II) concentration from 0 to 50mgL(-1), the specific ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR), specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR), and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR) of biofilm decreased from 4.85, 5.22 and 45mgNg(-1) VSSh(-1) to 1.54, 2.38 and 26mgNg(-1)VSSh(-1), respectively, and the SAOR, SNOR and SNRR of S-sludge decreased from 4.80, 5.02 and 34mgNg(-1)VSSh(-1) to 1.46, 2.20 and 17mgNg(-1)VSSh(-1), respectively. Biofilm had higher protein (PN) content in EPS than S-sludge. Contrast to S-sludge, biofilm could provide Nitrobacter vulgaris, beta proteobacterium INBAF015, and Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana with the favorable conditions of growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfeng Wei
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Kedong Ma
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yusuo Yang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuping Yu
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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43
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Optimization denitrifying phosphorus removal at different hydraulic retention times in a novel anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation process. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Zhang H, Fan X, Wang B, Song L. Calcium ion on membrane fouling reduction and bioflocculation promotion in membrane bioreactor at high salt shock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:535-540. [PMID: 26524252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fouling propensity of activated sludge in membrane bioreactor (MBR) is closely related to the disturbance of a salt shock. In this work, the characteristics of membrane fouling and bioflocculation were compared in two laboratory-scale MBRs (one with calcium addition, MBR-Ca, the other without, MBR-C) with a transient salt shock. Particle size distributions, zeta potential, relative hydrophobicity, modified fouling index, the content of polysaccharides, proteins and calcium ions in different layers of sludge were monitored prior to, during and after the salt shock. Comparison with MBR-C showed that the recovery time and fouling rate of MBR-Ca were reduced by 50% and 34%, respectively. Remarkable variations of sludge properties in terms of bioflocculation, such as larger particle sizes, higher relative hydrophobicity and zeta potential, lower polysaccharides in supernatant, higher proteins/polysaccharides ratio in slime and loose bound extracellular polymeric substances, were observed in MBR-Ca after the salt shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | - Xue Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Lianfa Song
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA.
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45
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Nogueira BL, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM, Secchi AR, Dezotti M, Biscaia EC. Determination of the external mass transfer coefficient and influence of mixing intensity in moving bed biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 80:90-98. [PMID: 25996756 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), the removal of pollutants from wastewater is due to the substrate consumption by bacteria attached on suspended carriers. As a biofilm process, the substrates are transported from the bulk phase to the biofilm passing through a mass transfer resistance layer. This study proposes a methodology to determine the external mass transfer coefficient and identify the influence of the mixing intensity on the conversion process in-situ in MBBR systems. The method allows the determination of the external mass transfer coefficient in the reactor, which is a major advantage when compared to the previous methods that require mimicking hydrodynamics of the reactor in a flow chamber or in a separate vessel. The proposed methodology was evaluated in an aerobic lab-scale system operating with COD removal and nitrification. The impact of the mixing intensity on the conversion rates for ammonium and COD was tested individually. When comparing the effect of mixing intensity on the removal rates of COD and ammonium, a higher apparent external mass transfer resistance was found for ammonium. For the used aeration intensities, the external mass transfer coefficient for ammonium oxidation was ranging from 0.68 to 13.50 m d(-1) and for COD removal 2.9 to 22.4 m d(-1). The lower coefficient range for ammonium oxidation is likely related to the location of nitrifiers deeper in the biofilm. The measurement of external mass transfer rates in MBBR will help in better design and evaluation of MBBR system-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Nogueira
- Programa de Engenharia Química, COPPE - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. G-115, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Argimiro R Secchi
- Programa de Engenharia Química, COPPE - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. G-115, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Dezotti
- Programa de Engenharia Química, COPPE - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. G-115, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Evaristo C Biscaia
- Programa de Engenharia Química, COPPE - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. G-115, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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46
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Bassin JP, Abbas B, Vilela CLS, Kleerebezem R, Muyzer G, Rosado AS, van Loosdrecht MCM, Dezotti M. Tracking the dynamics of heterotrophs and nitrifiers in moving-bed biofilm reactors operated at different COD/N ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:131-141. [PMID: 26025351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of COD/N ratio and feeding regime on the dynamics of heterotrophs and nitrifiers in moving-bed biofilm reactors was addressed. Based on DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA genes, the influent COD was found to be the main factor determining the overall bacterial diversity. The amoA-gene-based analysis suggested that the dynamic behavior of the substrate in continuous and pulse-feeding reactors influenced the selection of specific ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) strains. Furthermore, AOB diversity was directly related to the applied COD/N ratio and ammonium-nitrogen load. Maximum specific ammonium oxidation rates observed under non-substrate-limiting conditions were observed to be proportional to the fraction of nitrifiers within the bacterial community. FISH analysis revealed that Nitrosomonas genus dominated the AOB community in all reactors. Moreover, Nitrospira was found to be the only nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the fully autotrophic system, whereas Nitrobacter represented the dominant NOB genus in the organic carbon-fed reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bassin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Chemical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - B Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C L S Vilela
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Goés, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - G Muyzer
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A S Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Goés, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Dezotti
- Chemical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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47
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Cao SMS, Fontoura GAT, Dezotti M, Bassin JP. Combined organic matter and nitrogen removal from a chemical industry wastewater in a two-stage MBBR system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:96-107. [PMID: 26086717 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1063708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide-producing factories generate highly polluting wastewaters containing toxic and hazardous compounds which should be reduced to acceptable levels before discharge. In this study, a chemical industry wastewater was treated in a pre-denitrification moving-bed biofilm reactor system subjected to an increasing internal mixed liquor recycle ratio from 2 to 4. Although the influent wastewater characteristics substantially varied over time, the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon was quite stable and mostly higher than 90%. The highest fraction of the incoming organic matter was removed anoxically, favouring a low COD/N environment in the subsequent aerobic nitrifying tank and thus ensuring stable ammonium removal (90-95%). However, during pH and salt shock periods, nitrifiers were severely inhibited but gradually restored their full nitrifying capability as non-stressing conditions were reestablished. Besides promoting an increase in the maximum nitrification potential of the aerobic attached biomass from 0.34 to 0.63 mg [Formula: see text], the increase in the internal recycle ratio was accompanied by an increase in nitrogen removal (60-78%) and maximum specific denitrification rate (2.7-3.3 mg NOx(-)--N). Total polysaccharides (PS) and protein (PT) concentrations of attached biomass were observed to be directly influenced by the influent organic loading rate, while the PS/PT ratio mainly ranged from 0.3 to 0.5. Results of Microtox tests showed that no toxicity was found in the effluent of both the anoxic and aerobic reactors, indicating that the biological process was effective in removing residual substances which might adversely affect the receiving waters' ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M S Cao
- a Chemical Engineering Program/COPPE , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program , P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - M Dezotti
- a Chemical Engineering Program/COPPE , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program , P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - J P Bassin
- a Chemical Engineering Program/COPPE , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program , P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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48
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Bae H, Chung YC, Yang H, Lee C, Aryapratama R, Yoo YJ, Lee S. Assessment of bacterial community structure in nitrifying biofilm under inorganic carbon-sufficient and -limited conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:201-212. [PMID: 25560266 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.975550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nitrification and changes in the composition of the total bacterial community under inorganic carbon (IC)-limited conditions, in a nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor, was investigated. A culture-independent analysis of cloning and sequencing based on the 16S rRNA gene was applied to quantify the bacterial diversity and to determine bacterial taxonomic assignment. IC concentrations had significant effects on the stability of ammonia-oxidation as indicated by the reduction of the nitrogen conversion rate with high NH4(+)-N loadings. The predominance of Nitrosomonas europaea was maintained in spite of changes in the IC concentration. In contrast, heterotrophic bacterial species contributed to a high bacterial diversity, and to a dynamic shift in the bacterial community structure, under IC-limited conditions. In this study, individual functions of heterotrophic bacteria were estimated based on taxonomic information. Possible key roles of coexisting heterotrophic bacteria are the assimilation of organic compounds of extracellular polymeric substances produced by nitrifiers, and biofilm formation by providing a filamentous structure and aggregation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokwan Bae
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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49
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Ng KK, Shi X, Yao Y, Ng HY. Bio-entrapped membrane reactor and salt marsh sediment membrane bioreactor for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater: treatment performance and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:265-273. [PMID: 25203236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bio-entrapped membrane reactor (BEMR) and a salt marsh sediment membrane bioreactor (SMSMBR) were evaluated to study the organic treatment performance of pharmaceutical wastewater. The influences of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and salinity were also studied. The conventional biomass in the BEMR cannot tolerate well of the hypersaline conditions, resulting in total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency of 54.2-68.0%. On the other hand, microorganisms in the SMSMBR, which was seeded from coastal shore, strived and was able to degrade the complex organic in the presence of salt effectively, achieving 74.7-90.9% of TCOD removal efficiencies. Marine microorganisms able to degrade recalcitrant compounds and utilize hydrocarbon compounds were found in the SMSMBR, which resulted in higher organic removal efficiency than the BEMR. However, specific nitrifying activity decreased and inhibited due to the saline effect that led to poor ammonia nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Kwang Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xueqing Shi
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yinuo Yao
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhang L, Song L. Performance enhancement and fouling mitigation by organic flocculant addition in membrane bioreactor at high salt shock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:34-40. [PMID: 24835916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an organic flocculant (MPE50) addition on reducing membrane fouling and enhancing performance in membrane bioreactor (MBR) at the high salt shock. Results show that MPE50 addition is a reliable and effective approach in terms of both membrane fouling mitigation and pollutants removal improvement in the case of high salt shock. Compared to the control reactor, the MBR with MPE50 addition enhanced the average removal of COD, NH4(+)-N and TP by 4.1%, 13.2% and 21.2%, respectively. Due to the effect of flocculation and adsorption by MPE50, a significant reduction in the soluble microbial products (SMP) proteins amount was observed. As a result, the membrane fouling rate was mitigated successfully. Further, the increasing of mean particles size, Zeta potential and related hydrophobicity of the flocs would also have positive impacts on membrane fouling mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | - Zhongyu Gao
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Lanhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Lianfa Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA.
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