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Jia X, Tan R, Peng B. Preparation and application of polyethylene glycol triazine derivatives as a chrome-free tanning agent for wet-white leather manufacturing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7732-7742. [PMID: 34480312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leather manufacturing is the process of transforming animal skin into high value-added commodity. As a crucial step in the leather producing process, conventional chrome tanning could lead to discharge of chromium contaminant due to the low efficiency of chromium uptake. In this paper, a series of polyethylene glycol triazine derivatives' tanning agent (PT) with different molecule weight was synthesized with one-step method and applied in the main tanning of hide. The chemical structure of the PT was detected by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The application experimental results indicated that after 16% of PT tanning at pH of 6, the wet-white was endowed with shrinkage temperature over 80°C and thickening rate over 108%. The experimental results indicated that the PT tanning leather not only have a better physical and mechanical properties than commercial triazine derivatives tanning agent, but also the leather is endowed with the effects of outstanding thermal properties. Considering that the pickling process became unnecessary, a large number of neutral salts could be avoided, the chromium load in spent liquor decreased from 1288 mg/L to 0, and the total dissolved chlorine in spent liquor decreased from 15,360 to 9581 mg/L; no toxic and harmful substances such as chromium and aldehyde are introduced into the tanning process. Compared with the leather tanned with commercial triazine derivatives' tanning agent, the leather tanned with PT showed a similar overall tanning properties and better environmental friendliness, which makes PT matches the integral requirements of the modern sustainable leather industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab. of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Pradeep S, Sundaramoorthy S, Sathish M, Jayakumar GC, Rathinam A, Madhan B, Saravanan P, Rao JR. Chromium-free and waterless vegetable-aluminium tanning system for sustainable leather manufacture. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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3
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Ma J, Yang N, Li Y, Gao D, Lyu B, Zhang J. A cleaner approach to tanning process of cattle hide upper suede leather: chrome-less polycarboxylate/montmorillonite nanocomposites as tanning agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39014-39025. [PMID: 33743156 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a cleaner approach to a 'sandwich' chrome-less tanning for cattle hide upper suede leather based on polycarboxylate/montmorillonite nanocomposite (PCM) has been developed. The chromium was reduced both in tanning process and retanning process. Hydrothermal stability, mechanical strength, and organoleptic properties of the leather were closed to traditional chrome tanning. The important advantage of the cleaner tanning approach is that the chromium load in wastewater decreased from 2302 mg/L in tanning process and 2919 mg/L in retanning process to 131 and 257 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, SEM analyses demonstrated that the leather tanned by PCM achieved loose fiber structure and flaky montmorillonite deposition both in intra-triple and inter-triple helix. XRD results suggested that basic chromium sulfate and PCM may form more complexation with the helix chain of collagen fiber, resulting in structural distortion of collagen molecules without destroying the triple helical structure. EDS liner scanning indicated the distribution of chromium on the cross section of the leather. Trypsin degradation curves revealed the cleaner approach might increase the degradation of leather, and the economic analysis results showed that the tanning costs could be reduced and increased the economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Na Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yun Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Dangge Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Bin Lyu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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4
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Pradeep S, Sathish M, Sreeram KJ, Rao JR. Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12965-12976. [PMID: 34056447 PMCID: PMC8158572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To augment sustainable tanning, less chrome input, high functional quality leather processed via no restricted substance in processing, and ease to treat the inevitable protein waste generated are the key challenge, and currently, they have become the active part of leather research. Our work covers the synthesis of a formaldehyde-free chromium-incorporated polymeric tanning agent (FF-CIPTA) and its application in a reformed leather processing route which ensures near zero discharge of chromium containing solid waste. The preliminary characterization of FF-CIPTA reveals that the developed product is stable up to pH 5.2, and the particle size distribution ranges from 955 to 1450 nm with 12% Cr2O3 content. The present work significantly reduces the tanning agent input without compromising the thermal stability (103 °C) of the leather because of its multicrosslinking nature. Since the product exhibits a polymeric character, it provides tanning-cum-filling action which in turn reduces the retanning agent consumption in subsequent processes. Scanning electron microscopic study, porosity analysis, and hand assessment results clearly indicate the significant improvement in organoleptic properties. In addition, the process also enjoys the benefits of zero chromium containing solid waste generation, 71.4% reduction in chromium input, and high chromium transfer efficiency (92%) than the conventional process (36%), and 74.4% reduction in total dissolved solids generation. Furthermore, the water consumption and chemical input are reduced by 51.6 and 17%, respectively. Reduction in wastewater treatment cost and a high economic value of chromium-free leather scraps leads to a cumulative gain of US$ 39.84 per ton of raw material processing. Overall, a potential and practical applicability for cleaner and sustainable tanning is well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Pradeep
- Centre
for Academic and Research Excellence, Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research
Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
- Department
of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute),
Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Murali Sathish
- Leather
Process Technology Division, Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research
Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram
- Director’s
Office, Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research—Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao
- Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research
Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
- Department
of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute),
Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600020, India
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5
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Synergistic effects of hydrophilic nano-SiO2/graphene oxide @ copolymer nanocomposites in tanning leather. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Wang B, Sun YC, Sun RC. Fractionational and structural characterization of lignin and its modification as biosorbents for efficient removal of chromium from wastewater: a review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-019-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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A guide to high-efficiency chromium (III)-collagen cross-linking: Synchrotron SAXS and DSC study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Yao Q, Wang Y, Chen H, Huang H, Liu B. Mechanism of High Chrome Uptake of Tanning Pickled Pelt by Carboxyl‐Terminated Hyper‐Branched Polymer Combination Chrome Tanning. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P.R.China
| | - Yetao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P.R.China
| | - Hualin Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection EngineeringSouthwest Minzu University No.16, South Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
| | - Henghui Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P.R.China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
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9
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Jia L, Ma J, Gao D, Tait WRT, Sun L. A star-shaped POSS-containing polymer for cleaner leather processing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:305-311. [PMID: 30216859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A water-based silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing polymer, POSS-PAA, was synthesized by using octavinyl-POSS (V-POSS) and acrylic acid (AA) via interfacial polymerization. The TEM of POSS-PAA showed that the polymer formed a core-shell structure in aqueous solution and was well-dispersed. The star-shaped POSS-PAA and linear PAA were both tanned with 3.5% chromium tanning agent, and leather hide was tanned with 3.5% chromium tanning agent as a control. The results showed that the shrinkage temperature of wet-blue leather treated by POSS-PAA was increased by 3.5 °C than that of the control. The thickening rate of the POSS-PAA treated wet-blue leather samples was increased by 21% and 96% than the linear PAA-treated leather and the control leather, respectively. The EDS results suggested that the POSS-PAA pre-treated leather had a higher chromium content than the others, and the chromium distribution from the leather flesh side to the grain side was uniform. Moreover, the Cr2O3 content in both the POSS-PAA and the PAA pre-treated tanning waste water was reduced by about 50%, compared to the control waste. The COD and BOD of the POSS-PAA pre-tanning waste were decreased compared to the others. Therefore, POSS-PAA appeared to be promising for promoting the development of cleaner leather production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Dangge Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - William R T Tait
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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10
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Formation of substituted 2-iminooxazolidines via intermolecular 1,2-addition/intramolecular N-vinylation using 3-substituted-2-bromo-2-propen-1-ols as substrates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Zhou Y, Ma J, Gao D, Jia L, Guo K, Ren H. Modification of collagen with three novel tannages, sulfonated calix[4]arenes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:1004-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Qiu J, Zhang XF, Zhang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Yang L, Lu H, Yao J. Constructing Cd 0.5Zn 0.5S@ZIF-8 nanocomposites through self-assembly strategy to enhance Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 349:234-241. [PMID: 29428684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and highly efficient photocatalyst of Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZIF-8 nanocomposite has been developed by a facile self-assembly strategy. This is the first report on the application of CdxZn1-xS and metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite as photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI). The resulting Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZIF-8 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of pristine Cd0.5Zn0.5S and ZIF-8. Particularly, the CZS@Z60 composite with 60 wt% of ZIF-8 exhibited a photocatalytic activity that is about 1.6 times as high as that of Cd0.5Zn0.5S. The dominant reason for the improved photocatalytic reduction potential is proved to be the newly-formed interfacial SZn bonds that firmly connect Cd0.5Zn0.5S and ZIF-8 and substantially improve the separation efficiency of photo-excited electrons and holes. The newly-formed chemical bonds are confirmed by XPS analyses, and the prolonged lifetime of photo-excited electrons is evidenced by the electrochemical measurement of photocurrent, which shows that the photocurrent on Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZIF-8 is much higher than that of Cd0.5Zn0.5S and ZIF-8. This study clearly demonstrates that the MOF-based composite nanomaterials hold great promises for applications in the field of environmental remediation and for design of novel photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yi Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lvye Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Haiqiang Lu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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13
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Yao Q, Chen H, Jiao Q, Huang H, Liu B, Ding K. Hydroxyl-Terminated Dendrimer Acting as a High Exhaustion Agent for Chrome Tanning. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P.R.China
| | - Hualin Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering; Southwest Minzu University; No.16, South Section, 1st Ring Road Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
| | - Qi Jiao
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P.R.China
- R&D Center of Coal to Oil Chemical; Shenhua Ningxia Coal Group Co. Ltd; Ningdong Avenue, Zhongxin District, Lingwu City Yinchuan Ningxia 750411 P.R. China
| | - Henghui Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P.R.China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 9, 4th section of South Renmin Road Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 P.R. China
| | - Keyi Ding
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering; Southwest Minzu University; No.16, South Section, 1st Ring Road Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P.R. China
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14
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Zhang Y, Ingham B, Leveneur J, Cheong S, Yao Y, Clarke DJ, Holmes G, Kennedy J, Prabakar S. Can sodium silicates affect collagen structure during tanning? Insights from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium silicates can pseudo-stabilize collagen molecules during leather processing by preventing collagen molecules from undergoing conformational changes due to the silica coating on the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
| | | | - Jérôme Leveneur
- National Isotope Centre
- GNS Sciences
- Lower Hutt 5040
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Electron Microscope Unit
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope Unit
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
| | - John Kennedy
- National Isotope Centre
- GNS Sciences
- Lower Hutt 5040
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
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15
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Montañés MT, Sánchez-Tovar R, Roux MS. The effectiveness of the stabilization/solidification process on the leachability and toxicity of the tannery sludge chromium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 143:71-79. [PMID: 24879048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A stabilization/solidification (S/S) process by using cement was applied to tannery sludge in order to find a safer way of landfilling this waste. The effects of three parameters on the process effectiveness were analysed in terms of leachate toxicity and chromium retention (%). The parameters studied were the relative amount of added water (30-50 wt.%), cement (10-60 wt.% in the solid components), and the use of three different types of cement (clinker with additions of limestone, with additions of limestone and fly ashes, and with additions of pozzolans). Statistical analysis performed by variance analysis and categorical multifactorial tests reveals that all the studied parameters significantly influence the effectiveness of the process. Results showed that chromium retention decreases as the relative amount of cement and water increases, probably due to additional chromium provided by cement and increased in the porosity of the mixtures. Leachate toxicity showed the same minimum value for mixtures with 30% or 40% cement, depending on the type of cement, showing that clinker is the main material responsible for the process effectiveness, and additives (pozzolans or fly ashes) do not improve it. The volume increase is lower as less sludge is replaced by cement and the relative amount of water decreases, and for the cement without additions of fly ashes or pozzolans. Therefore, the latter seems to be the most appropriate cement in spite of being more expensive. This is due to the fact that the minimum toxicity value is achieved with a lower amount of cement; and moreover, the volume increase in the mixtures is lower, minimizing the disposal cost to a landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Montañés
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València (Polytechnic University of Valencia), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Sánchez-Tovar
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València (Polytechnic University of Valencia), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M S Roux
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València (Polytechnic University of Valencia), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Lofrano G, Meriç S, Zengin GE, Orhon D. Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery chemicals and wastewaters: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:265-281. [PMID: 23735721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the leather tanning industry is known to be one of the leading economic sectors in many countries, there has been an increasing environmental concern regarding the release of various recalcitrant pollutants in tannery wastewater. It has been shown that biological processes are presently known as the most environmental friendly but inefficient for removal of recalcitrant organics and micro-pollutants in tannery wastewater. Hence emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation processes and membrane processes have been attempted as integrative to biological treatment for this sense. This paper, as the-state-of-the-art, attempts to revise the over world trends of treatment technologies and advances for pollution prevention from tannery chemicals and wastewater. It can be elucidated that according to less extent advances in wastewater minimization as well as in leather production technology and chemicals substitution, biological and chemical treatment processes have been progressively studied. However, there has not been a full scale application yet of those emerging technologies using advanced oxidation although some of them proved good achievements to remove xenobiotics present in tannery wastewater. It can be noted that advanced oxidation technologies integrated with biological processes will remain in the agenda of the decision makers and water sector to apply the best prevention solution for the future tanneries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Environment, Waste Division, Salerno Province, via Mauri, 61-84132 Salerno, Italy.
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