1
|
Nair KM, Kumaravel V, Pillai SC. Carbonaceous cathode materials for electro-Fenton technology: Mechanism, kinetics, recent advances, opportunities and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129325. [PMID: 33385665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton (EF) technique has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its high efficiency and environmental compatibility for the degradation of organic pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The efficiency of an EF reaction relies primarily on the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via 2e─ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the generation of hydroxyl radicals (●OH). This could be achieved through an efficient cathode material which operates over a wide pH range (pH 3-9). Herein, the current progresses on the advancements of carbonaceous cathode materials for EF reactions are comprehensively reviewed. The insights of various materials such as, activated carbon fibres (ACFs), carbon/graphite felt (CF/GF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon aerogels (CAs), ordered mesoporous carbon (OMCs), etc. are discussed inclusively. Transition metals and hetero atoms were used as dopants to enhance the efficiency of homogeneous and heterogeneous EF reactions. Iron-functionalized cathodes widened the working pH window (pH 1-9) and limited the energy consumption. The mechanism, reactor configuration, and kinetic models, are explained. Techno economic analysis of the EF reaction revealed that the anode and the raw materials contributed significantly to the overall cost. It is concluded that most reactions follow pseudo-first order kinetics and rotating cathodes provide the best H2O2 production efficiency in lab scale. The challenges, future prospects and commercialization of EF reaction for wastewater treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi M Nair
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Suresh C Pillai
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damodhar Ghime, Prabir Ghosh. Removal of Organic Compounds Found in the Wastewater through Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Pérez J, Llanos J, Sáez C, López C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. The pressurized jet aerator: A new aeration system for high-performance H2O2 electrolyzers. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Yu F, Wang Y, Ma H, Chen Y. Enhancement of H2O2 production and AYR degradation using a synergetic effect of photo-electrocatalysis for carbon nanotube/g-C3N4 electrodes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new gas diffusion electrode (GDE) of carbon nanotube/graphitic carbon nitride (CNT/g-C3N4) was prepared, which enables the substantially improved production of H2O2 (up to 1083.54 mg L−1) compared to generation without g-C3N4 (400 mg L−1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangke Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Hongrui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Popescu M, Sandu C, Rosales E, Pazos M, Lazar G, Sanromán MÁ. Evaluation of different cathodes and reaction parameters on the enhancement of the electro-Fenton process. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
6
|
Abdullah GH, Xing Y. Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in Divided-Cell Trickle Bed Electrochemical Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan H. Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yangchuan Xing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solar and Visible Light Illumination on Immobilized Nano Zinc Oxide for the Degradation and Mineralization of Orange G in Wastewater. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced oxidation process (AOP) utilizing immobilized zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst was employed to decolorize and mineralize orange G (OG) azo dye in wastewater under solar and visible light irradiation. This AOP employed visible light and ZnO in a so-called Vis/ZnO process. Operating parameters, including ZnO dosage, initial OG concentration, pH, visible-light intensity, catalyst loaded area, and treatment volume were investigated to illustrate their influences on OG degradation and mineralization. From the results, neither visible light alone, nor the ZnO adsorption process could degrade or remove OG from wastewater. However, for the Vis/ZnO process, the higher ZnO dosage and visible light intensity are two major parameters to improve the OG degradation and total organic carbons (TOC) mineralization. The initial pH of 11 was the most effective pH condition on the OG degradation. The first-order rate constant is exponentially decreased from 0.025 to 0.0042 min−1 with the increase of the initial OG concentration and an empirical equation can be derived to estimate the first-order rate constant with a known initial OG concentration. In contrast, the first-order rate constant is linearly increased from 0.0027 to 0.0083 min−1 by increasing the visible light intensity. The results present that the Vis/ZnO process is an effective AOP for the degradation of OG in wastewater.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue L, Liu J, Li M, Tan L, Ji X, Shi S, Jiang B. Enhanced treatment of coking wastewater containing phenol, pyridine, and quinoline by integration of an E-Fenton process into biological treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9765-9775. [PMID: 28251539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pyridine and quinoline could be cometabolically degraded by phenol-cultivated Comamonas sp. strain JB(strain JB). The integration of magnetically immobilized cells of JB and an E-Fenton process into one entity has been designed to prepare a novel integration system to improve the treatment efficiency of phenol, pyridine, and quinoline in coking wastewater. The optimal pH for the integration system was 3.5. Degradation rates of phenol, pyridine, quinoline, and COD by the integration system were significantly exceeded the sum degradation rates of the single E-Fenton process and magnetically immobilized cells at the optimal voltage of 1 V. During the 6 cycles, the integration system still showed higher degradation rates than that by the single magnetically immobilized cells for all the compounds. These findings demonstrated that a synergistic effect existed between the biological treatment and the E-Fenton process, and the applied voltage in the integration system played the key roles in the synergistic effect, which not only electrogenerated H2O2 but also improved the activity of phenol hydroxylase and strain JB concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Xue
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Meidi Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Liang Tan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xiangyu Ji
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Shengnan Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Bei Jiang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Lu Y, Luo H, Liu G, Zhang R. Effect of an improved gas diffusion cathode on carbamazepine removal using the electro-Fenton process. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03793g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CBZ removal could be enhanced using the EF process with improved pore structure in the diffusion layer of GDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Haiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Guangli Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Renduo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thiam A, Sirés I, Garrido JA, Rodríguez RM, Brillas E. Decolorization and mineralization of Allura Red AC aqueous solutions by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 290:34-42. [PMID: 25734532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The decolorization and mineralization of solutions containing 230 mg L(-1) of the food azo dye Allura Red AC at pH 3.0 have been studied upon treatment by electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF). Experiments were performed with a stirred tank reactor containing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) or Pt anode and an air-diffusion cathode to generate H2O2. The main oxidants were hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction between H2O2 and added Fe(2+). The oxidation ability increased in the sequence EO-H2O2 < EF < PEF and faster degradation was always obtained using BDD. PEF process with BDD yielded almost total mineralization following similar trends in SO4(2-), ClO4(-) and NO3(-) media, whereas in Cl(-) medium, mineralization was inhibited by the formation of recalcitrant chloroderivatives. GC-MS analysis confirmed the cleavage of the −N=N− bond with formation of two main aromatics in SO4(2-) medium and three chloroaromatics in Cl(-) solutions. The effective oxidation of final oxalic and oxamic acids by BDD along with the photolysis of Fe(III)-oxalate species by UVA light accounted for the superiority of PEF with BDD. NH4(+), NO3(-) and SO4(2-) ions were released during the mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Thiam
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Garrido
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Rodríguez
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|