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Jiang T, Hou L, Rahman SM, Gong Z, Bai X, Vulpe C, Fasullo M, Gu AZ. Amplified and distinctive genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in transformed yeast reporters with human cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134850. [PMID: 38850947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) have been considered a possible carcinogen to humans, but most existing studies have overlooked the role of human enzymes in assessing the genotoxicity of nTiO2. Here, a toxicogenomics-based in vitro genotoxicity assay using a GFP-fused yeast reporter library was employed to elucidate the genotoxic potential and mechanisms of nTiO2. Moreover, two new GFP-fused yeast reporter libraries containing either human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 genes were constructed by transformation to investigate the potential modulation of nTiO2 genotoxicity in the presence of human CYP enzymes. This study found a lack of appreciable nTiO2 genotoxicity as indicated by the yeast reporter library in the absence of CYP expression but a significantly elevated indication of genotoxicity in either CYP1A1- or CYP1A2-expressing yeast. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement indicated significantly higher ROS in yeast expressing either enzyme. The detected mitochondrial DNA damage suggested mitochondria as one of the target sites for oxidative damage by nTiO2 in the presence of either one of the CYP enzymes. The results thus indicated that the genotoxicity of nTiO2 was enhanced by human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 enzyme and was associated with elevated oxidative stress, which suggested that the similar mechanisms could occur in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Liyuan Hou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET Central Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London LND SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xueke Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Fasullo
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Lin Y, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Dependence of Graphene Oxide (GO) Toxicity on Oxidation Level, Elemental Composition, and Size. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910578. [PMID: 34638921 PMCID: PMC8508828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass production of graphene oxide (GO) unavoidably elevates the chance of human exposure, as well as the possibility of release into the environment with high stability, raising public concern as to its potential toxicological risks and the implications for humans and ecosystems. Therefore, a thorough assessment of GO toxicity, including its potential reliance on key physicochemical factors, which is lacking in the literature, is of high significance and importance. In this study, GO toxicity, and its dependence on oxidation level, elemental composition, and size, were comprehensively assessed. A newly established quantitative toxicogenomic-based toxicity testing approach, combined with conventional phenotypic bioassays, were employed. The toxicogenomic assay utilized a GFP-fused yeast reporter library covering key cellular toxicity pathways. The results reveal that, indeed, the elemental composition and size do exert impacts on GO toxicity, while the oxidation level exhibits no significant effects. The UV-treated GO, with significantly higher carbon-carbon groups and carboxyl groups, showed a higher toxicity level, especially in the protein and chemical stress categories. With the decrease in size, the toxicity level of the sonicated GOs tended to increase. It is proposed that the covering and subsequent internalization of GO sheets might be the main mode of action in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
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Jiang T, Lin Y, Amadei CA, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Comparative and mechanistic toxicity assessment of structure-dependent toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126282. [PMID: 34111749 PMCID: PMC10631494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) has resulted in the ubiquity of CNMs in the natural environment and they potentially impose adverse consequences on ecosystems and human health. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated and compared potential toxicological effects and mechanisms of seven CNMs in three representative types (carbon blacks, graphene nanoplatelets, and fullerenes), to elucidate the correlation between their physicochemical/structural properties and toxicity. We employed a recently-developed quantitative toxicogenomics-based toxicity testing system with GFP-fused yeast reporter library targeting main cellular stress response pathways, as well as conventional phenotype-based bioassays. The results revealed that DNA damage, oxidative stress, and protein stress were the major mechanisms of action for all the CNMs at sub-cytotoxic concentration levels. The molecular toxicity nature were concentration-dependent, and they exhibited both similarity within the same structural group and distinctiveness among different CNMs, evidencing the structure-driven toxicity of CNMs. The toxic potential based on toxicogenomics molecular endpoints revealed the remarkable impact of size and structure on the toxicity. Furthermore, the phenotypic endpoints derived from conventional phenotype-based bioassays correlated with quantitative molecular endpoints derived from the toxicogenomics assay, suggesting that the selected protein biomarkers captured the main cellular effects that are associated with phenotypic adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET Central Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Gou N, Lin Y, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Effect of Lengths, Functional Groups and Electronic Structures Revealed by a Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:1348-1364. [PMID: 33537148 PMCID: PMC7853656 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a group of widely used carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with various applications, which raise increasing public concerns associated with their potential toxicological effect and risks on human and ecosystems. In this report, we comprehensively evaluated the nanotoxicity of SWCNTs with their relationship to varying lengths, functional groups and electronic structures, by employing both newly established quantitative toxicogenomics test, as well as conventional phenotypic bioassays. The objective is to reveal potential cellular toxicity and mechanisms of SWCNTs at the molecular level, and to probe their potential relationships with their morphological, surface, and electronic properties. The results indicated that DNA damage and oxidative stress were the dominant mechanisms of action for all SWCNTs and, the toxicity level and characteristics varied with length, surface functionalization and electronic structure. Distinguishable molecular toxicity fingerprints were revealed for the two SWCNTs with varying length, with short SWCNT exhibiting higher toxicity level than the long one. In terms of surface properties, SWCNT functionalization, namely carboxylation and hydroxylation, led to elevated overall toxicity, especially genotoxicity, as compared to unmodified SWCNT. Carboxylated SWCNT induced a greater toxicity than the hydroxylated SWCNT. The nucleus is likely the primary target site for long, short, and carboxylated SWCNTs and mechanical perturbation is likely responsible for the DNA damage, specifically related to degradation of the DNA double helix structure. Finally, dramatically different electronic structure-dependent toxicity was observed with metallic SWCNT exerting much higher toxicity than the semiconducting one that exhibited minimal toxicity among all SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding authors: ,
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Gao Z, Varela JA, Groc L, Lounis B, Cognet L. Toward the suppression of cellular toxicity from single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:230-44. [PMID: 26678092 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary fields of nanobiology and nanomedicine, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown great promise due to their unique morphological, physical and chemical properties. However, understanding and suppressing their cellular toxicity is a mandatory step before promoting their biomedical applications. In light of the flourishing recent literature, we provide here an extensive review on SWCNT cellular toxicity and an attempt to identify the key parameters to be considered in order to obtain SWCNT samples with minimal or no cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Gao
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Juan A Varela
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
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Suman S, Mishra S, Shukla Y. Toxicoproteomics in human health and disease: an update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, India
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Koutinas ΑΑ, Papafotopoulou-Patrinou E, Gialleli AI, Petsi T, Bekatorou A, Kanellaki M. Production of nanotubes in delignified porous cellulosic materials after hydrolysis with cellulase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:169-171. [PMID: 26996258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, tubular cellulose (TC), a porous cellulosic material produced by delignification of sawdust, was treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase in order to increase the proportion of nano-tubes. The effect of enzyme concentration and treatment duration on surface characteristics was studied and the samples were analyzed with BET, SEM and XRD. Also, a composite material of gelatinized starch and TC underwent enzymatic treatment in combination with amylase (320U) and cellulase (320U) enzymes. For TC, the optimum enzyme concentration (640U) led to significant increase of TC specific surface area and pore volume along with the reduction of pore diameter. It was also shown that the enzymatic treatment did not result to a significant change of cellulose crystallinity index. The produced nano-tubular cellulose shows potential for application to drug and chemical preservative delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Αthanasios Α Koutinas
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece.
| | | | | | - Theano Petsi
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Argyro Bekatorou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Maria Kanellaki
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
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Muzi L, Tardani F, La Mesa C, Bonincontro A, Bianco A, Risuleo G. Interactions and effects of BSA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on different cell lines. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:155704. [PMID: 26926913 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/155704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great promise in several biomedical contexts, spanning from drug delivery to tissue regeneration. Thanks to their unique size-related properties, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) are particularly interesting in these fields. However, their use in nanomedicine requires a clear demonstration of their safety in terms of tissue damage, toxicity and pro-inflammatory response. Thus, a better understanding of the cytotoxicity mechanisms, the cellular interactions and the effects that these materials have on cell survival and on biological membranes is an important first step for an appropriate assessment of their biocompatibility. In this study we show how bovine serum albumin (BSA) is able to generate homogeneous and stable dispersions of SWCNTs (BSA-CNTs), suggesting their possible use in the biomedical field. On the other hand, this study wishes to shed more light on the impact and the interactions of protein-stabilized SWCNTs with two different cell types exploiting multidisciplinary techniques. We show that BSA-CNTs are efficiently taken up by cells. We also attempt to describe the effect that the interaction with cells has on the dielectric characteristics of the plasma membrane and ion flux using electrorotation. We then focus on the BSA-CNTs' acute toxicity using different cellular models. The novel aspect of this work is the evaluation of the membrane alterations that have been poorly investigated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy. CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
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