1
|
Medina-Ruiz A, Jiménez-Millán J, Abad I, Gálvez A, Grande MJ, Jiménez-Espinosa R. Aragonite crystallization in a sulfate-rich hypersaline wetland under dry Mediterranean climate (Laguna Honda, eastern Guadalquivir basin, S Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171362. [PMID: 38428615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the influence of water composition, the presence of seasonal algal mats, detrital inputs and the activity of microorganisms on the crystallization of aragonite in the sediments deposited in the hypersaline Laguna Honda wetland (S of Spain). The high alkaline and hypersaline waters (pH > 9.2 and C.E. > 70 mS/cm) of the wetland lake are rich in SO42- (>24,000 mg/l), Cl- (>21,000 mg/l), Na+ (>11,000 mg/l) Mg2+ (>8400 mg/l) and Ca2+ (>1000 mg/l), and are supersaturated for dolomite, calcite and aragonite. Sediments have lower pH values than column waters, oscillating from 8.54 in the low Eh (up to -80.9 mV) central deep sediments and 6.33 in the shallower higher Eh (around -13.6 mV) shore sediments. Erosion of the surrounding olive groves soils produced detrital silicates rich sediments with concretions of carbonate or sulfate. Aragonite (up to 19 %) and pyrite (up to 13 %) are mainly concentrated in the organic matter rich samples from the upper part of the sediment cores, whereas gypsum is preferably concentrated in low organic matter content samples. Mineral crusts containing a MgAl silicate phase, epsomite, halite and gypsum are precipitated on the floating algal mats covering the wetland waters. Floating algal mats deposit increased the organic matter content of the upper sediments which promoted the presence of fermentative microorganisms, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) communities and variations of Eh that influence the authigenesis of carbonate and S-bearing minerals. Replacement of poorly crystalline MgSi phases infilling algal cells by aragonite was favored in the organic matter rich sediments with low Eh values and important SRB communities that promoted sulfate bioreduction processes to form pyrite. Aragonite precipitation was favored by the increase of carbonate and bicarbonate concentration produced by the SRB oxidation of organic matter, the CO2 degassing by high summer temperatures and the CO2 uptake by photosynthesis of the algal mats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Medina-Ruiz
- Department of Geology and CEACTEMA, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez-Millán
- Department of Geology and CEACTEMA, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Isabel Abad
- Department of Geology and CEACTEMA, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María José Grande
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa
- Department of Geology and CEACTEMA, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Pereira A, Carrola JS, Tiritan ME, Ribeiro C. Enantioselectivity in ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and industrial persistent pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial environments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169573. [PMID: 38151122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is a serious concern about the alarming number of recalcitrant contaminants that can negatively affect biodiversity threatening the ecological status of marine, estuarine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., agricultural soils and forests). Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as pharmaceuticals (PHAR), illicit drugs (ID), industrial persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and chiral ionic solvents are globally spread and potentially toxic to non-target organisms. More than half of these contaminants are chiral and have been measured at different enantiomeric proportions in diverse ecosystems. Enantiomers can exhibit different toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics, and thus, can cause different toxic effects. Therefore, the enantiomeric distribution in occurrence cannot be neglected as the toxicity and other adverse biological effects are expected to be enantioselective. Hence, this review aims to reinforce the recognition of the stereochemistry in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chiral CEC and gather up-to-date information about the current knowledge regarding the enantioselectivity in ecotoxicity of PHAR, ID, persistent pollutants (PCBs and PBDEs) and chiral ionic solvents present in freshwater and agricultural soil ecosystems. We performed an online literature search to obtain state-of-the-art research about enantioselective studies available for assessing the impact of these classes of CEC. Ecotoxicity assays have been carried out using organisms belonging to different trophic levels such as microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, and considering ecologically relevant aquatic and terrestrial species or models organisms recommended by regulatory entities. A battery of ecotoxicity assays was also reported encompassing standard acute toxicity to sub-chronic and chronic assays and different endpoints as biomarkers of toxicity (e.g., biochemical, morphological alterations, reproduction, behavior, etc.). Nevertheless, we call attention to the lack of knowledge about the potential enantioselective toxicity of many PHAR, ID, and several classes of industrial compounds. Additionally, several questions regarding key species, selection of most appropriate toxicological assays and ERA of chiral CEC are addressed and critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Pereira
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J S Carrola
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro - Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Portugal
| | - M E Tiritan
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - C Ribeiro
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng X, Wu X, Lu R, Cao X, Mai BX. Identification of Species-Specific Prey Uptake and Biotransformation of Chiral Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Riparian and Aquatic Food Webs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20282-20291. [PMID: 37966724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The atropisomeric enrichment of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can trace the movement of PCBs through food webs, but it is a challenge to elucidate the prey uptake and stereoselective biotransformation of PCBs in different species. The present study investigated the concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of chiral PCBs in invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, and birds. Chiral PCB signature was estimated in total prey for different predators based on quantitative prey sources. The nonracemic PCBs in snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) were mainly from prey. EFs of PCBs in amphibians and birds were mainly influenced by biotransformation, which showed enrichment of (+)-CBs 132 and 135/144 and different enantiomers of CBs 95 and 139/149. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) of chiral PCBs were higher than 1 for amphibians and passerine birds and lower than 1 for kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and snakehead. BMFs were significantly correlated with EFs of chiral PCBs in predators and indicative of atropisomeric enrichment of PCBs across different species. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were higher in the riparian food web than in the aquatic food web because of the high metabolism capacity of chiral PCBs in aquatic predators. The results highlight the influences of species-specific prey sources and biotransformation on the trophic dynamics of chiral PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingpei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ngoubeyou PSK, Wolkersdorfer C, Ndibewu PP, Augustyn W. Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic environments - A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106284. [PMID: 36087490 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congeners resulting from the pollution of all environmental media is inherently related to its persistence and ubiquitous nature. In principle, determination of this class of contaminants are limited to the determination of their concentrations in the various environmental matrices. For solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources of PCBs, transport pathways, and sites of contamination and biomagnification is of great benefit to scientists and researchers, as well as many regulatory organizations. By far the largest amounts of PCBs, regardless of their discharged points, end up in the soil, sediment and finally in different aquatic environments. By reviewing relevant published materials, the source of origin of PCBs in the environment particularly from different pollution point sources, it is possible to obtain useful information on the nature of different materials that are sources of PCBs, or their concentrations and their toxicity or health effects and how they can be removed from contaminated media. This review focuses on the sources of PCBs in aquatic environments and critically reviews the toxicity of PCBs in aquatic animals and plants. The review also assesses the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of PCBs providing valuable knowledge to other scientists and researchers that enables regulatory laws to be formulated based on selective determination of concentrations regarding their maximum permissible limits (MPLs) allowed. This review also supplies a pool of valuable information useful for designing decontamination technologies for PCBs in media like soil, sediment, and wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolkersdorfer
- Tshwane University of Technology, SARChI Chair for Mine Water Treatment, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Peter Papoh Ndibewu
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Wilma Augustyn
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du R, Luo X, Huang Y, Chen L, Huang Z, Mao X, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Wang P. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in lotus from a lake historically polluted by the chlor-alkali industry: Occurrence, organ distribution and health risk from dietary intake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118395. [PMID: 34687778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the organ distribution and exposure risk from dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were investigated for lotus collected from Ya-er Lake, a lake in Hubei Province, Central China that was historically polluted by the chlor-alkali industry. The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs were found in the main and fibrous lotus roots, with mean values of 48.9 ± 90.1 pg/g and 94.6 ± 143 pg/g, respectively. In all the investigated samples, Octa-CDD (OCDD) and Octa-CDF (OCDF) were the predominant congeners, at 26% and 17% of Σ17 PCDD/Fs, respectively, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (9%). The distribution ratios of PCDD/Fs in adjacent lotus organs indicated that PCDD/Fs accumulated easily in edible organs, such as lotus seeds, membrane and leaves. The WHO-TEQ in the edible lotus organs and the probable daily intake (PDI) of lotus products by residents were calculated: the toxic equivalents in the lotus fruit parts reached a mean of 2 pg WHO-TEQ2005/g dw, and the mean weekly intake of lotus products for adolescents living around Ya-er Lake was 2.3 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw/week. These results suggested that long-term consumption of lotus products from Ya-er Lake presents a health hazard to residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Yani Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zichun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai S, Qiu J, Wang M. Concentration-dependent enantioselective accumulation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. root from contaminative sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27878-27884. [PMID: 33517550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) roots were collected from contaminated sediments which were artificially adding different concentrations of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to investigate the effect of concentration on the accumulation characteristics and chiral signatures of PCBs in lotus root during its growth period of 150 days. Under high PCB exposure concentration, the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of PCBs 91, 95, and 136 in the lotus root were up to 0.25-0.46 and 8.10-10.5 times higher than those under low-exposure concentration (0.024-0.052). The BSAFs of PCBs 149, 176, and 183 under high-exposure concentration were up to 0.24-0.44, while they were undetected at low concentration. The significant difference observed in the BSAFs based on different concentrations indicates that the lotus root accumulation efficiency toward chiral PCBs increases with the contaminate concentration. Although the (-)-enantiomers of PCBs 91, 95, and 136 were all preferentially accumulated in lotus root under two exposure concentrations, the extent of the preferential accumulation of (-)-PCB 95 decreased with increasing exposure concentration throughout the whole growth period (30-150 days). In addition, the (-)-enantiomers of PCBs 91 and 136 also showed the same tendency during most of the growth period. Conclusively, the exposure concentrations are an important influence factor on the enantioselective accumulation of chiral PCBs in lotus root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhui Dai
- Equipment Public Service Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gabryszewska M, Gworek B. Municipal waste landfill as a source of polychlorinated biphenyls releases to the environment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10546. [PMID: 33520438 PMCID: PMC7812931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of municipal waste landfill on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) release to the environment concerning groundwater flow directions. The contents of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils, plants and water were analysed at various distances from the landfill. Thanks to low solubility PCBs in water groundwater flow direction, under the landfill, have an influence on PCBs concentration in groundwater. Strong PCBs' sorption to organic matter caused that no affect groundwater flow directions on PCB content in soils and plants' tissues was observed. The largest PCBs deposition zone was located 50 m from the contamination source (landfill). Tri-CB and tetra-CB homologues were capable of migration deep into the soil profile, which could be related to the geological material from which the soils under study were developed, as well as to the properties of the PCB homologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gabryszewska
- Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gworek
- Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo C, Hu B, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang G. Distribution and Chiral Signatures of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soils and Vegetables around an e-Waste Recycling Site. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10542-10549. [PMID: 32916050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within soil-plant systems around a notorious e-waste recycling site were investigated. The average total PCB concentrations in rhizospheric soils (RSs) and nonrhizospheric soils (NRSs) were 2160 and 1270 pg g-1 dry weight (DW), respectively. PCBs were more enriched in RS than NRS for most vegetable species. PCB accumulation in plant tissues varied greatly among plant cultivars, ranging from 4020 to 14 500 pg g-1 DW in shoots and from 471 to 24 400 pg g-1 DW in roots. The compositions of PCBs in soil and plants showed that hexa- and hepta-chlorinated PCBs were preferentially accumulated in soils, while tri- and tetra-PCBs were abundant in plant tissues. These results indicated that low-chlorinated PCBs might be prone to accumulation and transfer within plants, which was confirmed by the relationship between the root concentration factor and octanol-water coefficient. The first eluting enantiomers of PCB 84 and PCB 95 were preferentially transferred between the soil and plants, while the stereoselectivity of PCB 136 varied among plant species. A significant difference in enantiomeric fractionation of PCB 84 between the soil and roots indicated that enantiomeric enhancement of PCB 84 occurred during its translocation from soil to root, whereas no such difference was observed in these chiral PCBs during their translocation from the root to the shoot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaorui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He Z, Xu Y, Wang W, Liu X. Stereoselective bioaccumulation and elimination of chiral PCBs 95 and 149 in earthworm Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:497-503. [PMID: 30153619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chiral signatures and environmental behaviors of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been extensively studied. However, information regarding chiral PCBs in invertebrates, especially earthworms, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the stereoselective bioaccumulation, elimination, and biotransformation of chiral PCBs 95 and 149 in an earthworm-soil system. Preferential enrichment of (+)-atropisomers and elimination of (-)-atropisomers were observed, for both PCBs 95 and 149, during the uptake and elimination phases, respectively, leading to higher enantiomer fractions (EFs). A significant linear correlation between the total concentrations of chiral PCBs and EF values was found in earthworms. The EF values increased with the increase in exposure time and further increased during the elimination phase, indicating the biotransformation of chiral PCBs. Hydroxylated metabolites of PCB 95 were found in earthworms for the first time, thus verifying the ability of earthworms to metabolize chiral PCBs. However, no methylsulfonyl metabolites were observed for PCBs 95 and 149. These findings might be helpful for understanding the biological processes of chiral PCBs in species at lower trophic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Agilent Technologies (China) Company, Ltd., Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Luo C, Zhang D, Wang Y, Song M, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang G. Reflection of Stereoselectivity during the Uptake and Acropetal Translocation of Chiral PCBs in Plants in the Presence of Copper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13834-13841. [PMID: 29096434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake and acropetal translocation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a major concern, with many uncertainties, especially when plants are exposed to coexisting PCBs and metals. Studying atropisomer selectivity behavior is a well-proven method for identifying the biotransformation process of chiral PCBs in plants. This study investigated the uptake, translocation, and stereoselectivity of PCB95 and PCB136 (3 μg/L in hydroponics and 200 μg/kg in pot experiment) by monocot corn and dicot sunflower after copper (Cu) exposure (50 μmol/L in hydroponics and 400 mg/kg in pot experiment). Cu exposure led to significantly increased PCBs accumulation in roots and enhanced their acropetal translocation from roots to shoots, attributed to Cu-induced root damage. In the absence of Cu, the first-eluting enantiomer of PCB95 and second-eluting enantiomer of PCB136 were preferentially enriched in the shoots and roots of both the monocot and the dicot, and the enantioselectivity of chiral PCBs was more pronounced in shoots than in roots. Cu exposure significantly reduced the stereoselectivity of PCB95 and PCB136 in the defective root system, implying that PCB95 and PCB136 uptake into roots after Cu exposure changed from active biotransformation to passive diffusion. Our findings suggest that the ecological risk of PCB95 and PCB136 uptake and accumulation in plants is underestimated at sites cocontaminated with metals and PCBs and, for the first time, reveal the mechanism associated with the uptake and biotransformation of chiral PCBs in plants after exposure to both heavy metals and chiral PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mengke Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang B, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Tracing the Biotransformation of PCBs and PBDEs in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Using Compound-Specific and Enantiomer-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2705-2713. [PMID: 28208015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific and enantiomer-specific carbon isotope composition was investigated in terms of biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as well as atropisomers of chiral PCB congeners in fish by exposing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to certain PCB and PBDE congeners. The calculated carbon isotope enrichment factors (εC) for PCB 8, 18, and 45 were -1.99, -1.84, and -1.70‰, respectively, providing evidence of the metabolism of these congeners in fish. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of PBDE congeners clearly reflect the debromination of PBDEs in carp. Significant isotopic fractionation was also observed during the debromination process of BDE 153 (εC = -0.86‰). Stereoselective elimination of chiral PCB congeners 45, 91, and 95 was observed, indicating a stereoselective biotransformation process. The similar εC values for E1-PCB 45 (-1.63‰) and E2-PCB 45 (-1.74‰) indicated that both atropisomers were metabolized by the same reaction mechanisms and stereoselection did not occur at carbon bond cleavage. However, the εC values of (+)-PCB 91 (-1.5‰) and (-)-PCB 95 (-0.77‰) were significantly different from those of (-)-PCB 91 and (+)-PCB 95, respectively. In the latter, no significant isotopic fractionations were observed, indicating that the stereoselective elimination of PCB 91 and 95 could be caused by a different reaction mechanism in the two atropisomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang B, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, Sun RX, Chen HS, Li ZR, Mai BX. Tracing the biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in common carp (Cryprinus carpio): Enantiomeric fraction and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:449-456. [PMID: 27341148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish are difficult to detect in vivo due to the complexity of biometabolism. In the present study, atropisomeric fraction analysis of chiral PCB congeners and compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) were applied to trace the biotransformation of PCBs in fish by exposure of common carp (Cryprinus carpio) to the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1242. Stereoselective elimination of the chiral PCB congeners 91, 95, and 136 was observed, indicating a stereoselective biotransformation process. The δ(13)C values of PCBs 5/8, 18, and 20/33 in fish were increased compared with those in the spiked food, while PCBs 47/48 and 49 showed significant heavy isotope depletion. These results suggested a significant biotransformation of the corresponding individual PCB congeners although the potential PCB metabolites, hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) and methylsulfone PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs), were not detected in the fish tissue samples throughout this experiment. The results of the present study demonstrated that a combination of chiral analysis and CSIA is a promising new approach for investigating the biotransformation of PCBs in biota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chai T, Cui F, Mu X, Yang Y, Qi S, Zhu L, Wang C, Qiu J. Stereoselective induction by 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Implication of chirality in oxidative stress and bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:66-76. [PMID: 27179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress process and bioaccumulation the racemic/(-)-/(+)- 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl were administered to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after prolonged exposure of 56-days uptake and 49-days depuration experiments. Stereoselective accumulation was observed in adult samples after racemic exposure as revealed by decreased enantiomer fractions. The two enantiomers of PCB91 accumulated at different rates with logBCFk values close to 3.7, suggesting that they were highly hazardous and persistent pollutants. Exposure to racemic/(-)-/(+)- PCB91 stereoselectively induced oxidative stress owing to changes in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions in brain and liver tissues. In addition, the stereoselective relationship between bioconcentration and oxidative stress were also presented in this study. Our findings might be helpful for elucidating the environmental risk of the two enantiomers of PCB91 that induce toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chai T, Cui F, Mu X, Yang Y, Wang C, Qiu J. Exploration of Stereoselectivity in Embryo-Larvae (Danio rerio) Induced by Chiral PCB149 at the Bioconcentration and Gene Expression Levels. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155263. [PMID: 27158819 PMCID: PMC4861327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper was designed to study stereoselective enrichment and changes in gene expression when zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larvae were exposed to racemic, (-)- or (+)- PCB149 (2,2’,3,4’,5’,6- hexachlorobiphenyl). Based on bioconcentration analysis, non-racemic enrichment was significantly observed after racemic exposure. No isomerization between the two isomers was found after (-)/(+)-PCB149 exposure. Furthermore, based on gene expression-data mining, CYPs genes (cyp2k6, cyp19a1b, and cyp2aa4) were differential genes after (+)-PCB149 exposure. No obvious differences of dysregulation of gene expression caused by racemic and (-)-PCB149, were observed in embryo-larvae. The above results suggested that (-)-PCB149 could be considered as the main factor causing the dysregulation of gene expression in embryo-larvae after racemic exposure; and (+)-PCB149 should be pursued apart from the racemate, when considering the toxicity of chiral PCB149. Thus, the information in our study could provide new insights to assess the environmental risk of chiral PCBs in aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center of Fishery Resources and Ecology Environment Research, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JQ)
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JQ)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Konishi Y, Kakimoto K, Nagayoshi H, Nakano T. Trends in the enantiomeric composition of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in human breast milk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2027-2032. [PMID: 26081770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the precise estimation of the risk to human health caused by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is important to discuss enantiomer fraction value (EF value) because it is reported that behaviors such as stability and toxicity of enantiomers are quite different in human body. Among POPs, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is known as one of the most persistent compounds in human breast milk samples. The main exposure source of PCB for human body is mostly from food especially in seafood. The contamination of fish and shellfish has been a serious problem for the Japanese, who consume a large amount of fish in their diet. PCBs have 19 congeners which are chlorine-substituted in 3- or 4- ortho positions are known to have enantiomers. In this study, we analyzed PCB 183 (2,2',3,4,4',5',6-hepta CB) in human breast milk and fish samples enantioselectively and revealed the time trends of the EF value. Though EF value of PCB 183 in fish samples sustained close to racemate (EF = 0.5) from 1982 to 2012, that in breast milk increased over time. This fact indicates that (+)-PCB-183 has greater bioaccumulation potential than (-)-PCB-183 in human body; therefore, the toxicity of (+)-PCB-183 should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Konishi
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, 537-0025, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kensaku Kakimoto
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, 537-0025, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagayoshi
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, 537-0025, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai T, Cui F, Mu P, Yang Y, Xu N, Yin Z, Jia Q, Yang S, Qiu J, Wang C. Enantio-alteration of gene transcription associated with bioconcentration in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to chiral PCB149. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19478. [PMID: 26786282 PMCID: PMC4726444 DOI: 10.1038/srep19478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective enrichment of chiral PCB149 (2,2’,3,4’,5’,6-hexachlorobiphenyl) was analysed in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the racemate, (−)-PCB149, and (+)-PCB149. Greater enrichment of (−)-PCB149 compared to (+) PCB149 was observed following 0.5 ng/L exposure; however, as the exposure time and concentration increased, racemic enrichment was observed in adult fish exposed to the racemate. No biotransformation between the two isomers was observed in fish exposed to single enantiomers. When zebrafish were exposed to different forms of chiral PCB149, enantioselective expression of genes associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was observed in brain and liver tissues and enantioselective correlations between bioconcentration and target gene expression levels were observed in brain and liver tissues. The strong positive correlations between expression levels of target genes (alox5a and alox12) and PCB149 bioconcentration suggest that prolonged exposure to the racemate of chiral PCB149 may result in inflammation-associated diseases. Prolonged exposure to (−)-PCB149 may also affect metabolic pathways such as dehydrogenation and methylation in the brain tissues of adult zebrafish. Hepatic expression levels of genes related to the antioxidant system were significantly negatively correlated with bioconcentration following exposure to (+)-PCB149.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.,College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengqian Mu
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards &Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng XB, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, Wu JP, Mai BX. Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bioaccumulation, maternal transfer, and embryo development of chicken. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:785-791. [PMID: 25525742 DOI: 10.1021/es503748w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of PCB enantiomers (PCBs 95, 132, 135, and 149) were investigated in soil and chicken feed, chicken (Gallus domesticus) tissues, eggs on 0, 7, and 14 days after the onset of incubation, and newborn chick tissues. The EF values of PCBs 95, 132, and 149 changed significantly from soil to chicken tissues, and the values in the liver exhibited the highest deviation from the racemic ratio, indicating enantiomer-selective metabolism in hens. Congeners, which are highly resistant to degradation, such as PCBs 138, 153, and 180, exhibited the highest maternal transfer potentials when muscle and liver were used to assess the maternal transfer. However, uniform transfer ratios were observed for most of the PCB congeners when visceral fat was used. The EFs of chiral PCBs in eggs either did not match with muscle or with liver or were similar to those in visceral fat. These results indicate that hens mainly mobilized visceral fat for egg formation and PCBs were deposited in eggs by associating with these lipid materials. Further enantiomeric enrichment of PCBs 95, 132, and 149 occurred in the newborn chick tissues. However, an opposite enantioselectivity for PCB 135 in newborn chicks was observed. These results indicate that the potential toxicity of PCB enantiomers to newborn chicks may be different from that of adults.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu X, Barnhart C, Lein P, Lehmler HJ. Hepatic metabolism affects the atropselective disposition of 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 136) in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:616-25. [PMID: 25420130 PMCID: PMC4291784 DOI: 10.1021/es504766p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of hepatic vs extrahepatic metabolism in the disposition of chiral PCBs, we studied the disposition of 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 136) and its hydroxylated metabolites (HO-PCBs) in mice with defective hepatic metabolism due to the liver-specific deletion of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (KO mice). Female KO and congenic wild type (WT) mice were treated with racemic PCB 136, and levels and chiral signatures of PCB 136 and HO-PCBs were determined in tissues and excreta 3 days after PCB administration. PCB 136 tissue levels were higher in KO compared to WT mice. Feces was a major route of PCB metabolite excretion, with 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl-5-ol being the major metabolite recovered from feces. (+)-PCB 136, the second eluting PCB 136 atropisomers, was enriched in all tissues and excreta. The second eluting atropisomers of the HO-PCBs metabolites were enriched in blood and liver; 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl-5-ol in blood was an exception and displayed an enrichment of the first eluting atropisomers. Fecal HO-PCB levels and chiral signatures changed with time and differed between KO and WT mice, with larger HO-PCB enantiomeric fractions in WT compared to KO mice. Our results demonstrate that hepatic and, possibly, extrahepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes play a role in the disposition of PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianai Wu
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christopher Barnhart
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pamela
J. Lein
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Phone: 319 335-4310. Fax: 319 335-4290. E-mail: . Corresponding author address:
Department of Occupational and Environmental
Health, The University of Iowa, University of Iowa Research Park,
#221 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000
| |
Collapse
|