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Xiong W, Wei W, He M, Hu B, Men J, Tu J, Miao W. Construction of Tetrahymena strains with highly active arsenic methyltransferase genes for arsenic detoxification in aquatic environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116258. [PMID: 38547732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomethylation is an effective means of arsenic detoxification by organisms living in aquatic environments. Ciliated protozoa (including Tetrahymena species) play an important role in the biochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems and have a potential application in arsenic biotransformation. This study compared arsenic tolerance, accumulation, methylation, and efflux in 11 Tetrahymena species. Nineteen arsenite (As(III)) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferase (arsM) genes, of which 12 are new discoveries, were identified, and protein sequences were studied. We then constructed recombinant cell lines based on the Tetrahymena thermophila (T. thermophila) wild-type SB210 strain and expressed each of the 19 arsM genes under the control of the metal-responsive the MTT1 promoter. In the presence of Cd2+ and As(V), expression of the arsM genes in the recombinant cell lines was much higher than in the donor species. Evaluation of the recombinant cell line identified one with ultra-high arsenic methylation enzyme activity, significantly higher arsenic methylation capacity and much faster methylation rate than other reported arsenic methylated organisms, which methylated 89% of arsenic within 6.5 h. It also had an excellent capacity for the arsenic detoxification of lake water containing As(V), 56% of arsenic was methylated at 250 μg/L As(V) in 48 h. This study has made a significant contribution to our knowledge on arsenic metabolism in protozoa and demonstrates the great potential to use Tetrahymena species in the arsenic biotransformation of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Man He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Men
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiawei Tu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wei Miao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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2
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Yang T, Wu S, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Cheng H, Wang L, Guo L, Li Y, Liu M, Ma J. Efficient Degradation of Organoarsenic by UV/Chlorine Treatment: Kinetics, Mechanism, Enhanced Arsenic Removal, and Cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2037-2047. [PMID: 33435681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) has been widely used as an organoarsenic additive in animal feeding operations and poses a risk to the environment. Here, we first report the efficient degradation of ROX by UV/chlorine, where the kinetics, removal of total arsenic (As), and cytotoxicity were investigated. The kinetics study presented that reactive chlorine species (RCS) and HO• were the dominant species to react with ROX. Furthermore, the degradation rate of ROX can reach the maximum value at pH 7.5 due to the formation of more RCS. The degradation of ROX was affected by the amount of chlorine, pH, and water matrix. Through product analysis and Gauss theoretical calculation, two possible ROX degradation pathways were proposed. The free radicals attacked the As-C bond of ROX and resulted in releasing arsenate (As(V)). It was the reason that for an enhancement of the removal of total As by ferrous appeared after UV/chlorine, and over 98% of the total As was removed. In addition, cytotoxicity studies indicated that the cytotoxicity significantly enhanced during the degradation of ROX by UV/chlorine. However, by combination of UV/chlorine and adsorption, cytotoxicity can be greatly eliminated, probably due to the removal of As(V) and chlorinated products. These results further demonstrated that UV/chlorine treatment could be an effective method for the control of the potential environmental risks posed by organoarsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Technology R&D Center for Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Minchao Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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3
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Fei Y, Tian X, Cao S. Identification of an anaerobic bacterial consortium that degrades roxarsone. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1003. [PMID: 32053294 PMCID: PMC7142373 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of roxarsone, an extensively used organoarsenic feed additive, occurs quickly under anaerobic conditions with microorganisms playing an important role in its degradation. Here, an anaerobic bacterial consortium that effectively degraded roxarsone was isolated, and its degradation efficiency and community changes along a roxarsone concentration gradient under anaerobic conditions were assessed. We used batch experiments to determine the roxarsone degradation rates, as well as the bacterial community structure and diversity, at initial roxarsone concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The results showed that roxarsone was degraded completely within 28, 28, 36, and 44 hr at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The anaerobic bacterial consortium displayed considerable potential to degrade roxarsone, as the degradation rate increased with increasing roxarsone concentrations. Roxarsone promoted microbial growth, and in turn, the microorganisms degraded the organoarsenic compound, with the functional bacterial community varying between different roxarsone concentrations. Lysinibacillus, Alkaliphilus, and Proteiniclasticum were the main genera composing the roxarsone‐degrading bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaci Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Fei
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengwei Cao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
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Huang K, Peng H, Gao F, Liu Q, Lu X, Shen Q, Le XC, Zhao FJ. Biotransformation of arsenic-containing roxarsone by an aerobic soil bacterium Enterobacter sp. CZ-1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:482-487. [PMID: 30703681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, ROX) is an arsenic-containing compound widely used as a feed additive in poultry industries. ROX excreted in chicken manure can be transformed by microbes to different arsenic species in the environment. To date, most of the studies on microbial transformation of ROX have focused on anaerobic microorganisms. Here, we isolated a pure cultured aerobic ROX-transforming bacterial strain, CZ-1, from an arsenic-contaminated paddy soil. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain CZ-1 was classified as a member of the genus Enterobacter. During ROX biotransformation by strain CZ-1, five metabolites including arsenate (As[V]), arsenite (As[III]), N-acetyl-4-hydroxy-m-arsanilic acid (N-AHPAA), 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (3-AHPAA) and a novel sulfur-containing arsenic species (AsC9H13N2O6S) were detected and identified based on high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), HPLC-ICP-MS/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and HPLC-electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS) analyses. N-AHPAA and 3-AHPAA were the main products, and 3-AHPAA could also be transformed to N-AHPAA. Based on the results, we propose a novel ROX biotransformation pathway by Enterobacter. sp CZ-1, in which the nitro group of ROX is first reduced to amino group (3-AHPAA) and then acetylated to N-AHPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hanyong Peng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Fan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - QingQing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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5
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Peng L, Mianzhi W, Weixin Z, Qin Z, Xiying X, Junyi W, Yongxue S. Stress-responsive genes (hsp70 and mt) and genotoxicity elicited by roxarsone exposure in Carassius auratus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:132-139. [PMID: 30005308 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis), real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and proteomics approach were used to comprehensively assess toxicity elicited by roxarsone exposure in C. auratus at 50, 150 and 300 μg/L for 7, 14 and 21 days. Results of comet assay showed that DNA were seriously damaged under the pressure of roxarsone, especially the concentration of 50 μg/L that always maintained a sustained and increased damage effect to fish liver cell during the 21 days experiment. The expressions of biomarker genes showed that hsp70 gene expressions raised significantly and the group of 50 μg/L also showed a continued increased response effect, whereas mt gene was only slightly increased. Results of proteomics for the concentration of 300 μg/L found that thirty six significantly changed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. They are involved in many important processes including energy producing, cytoskeleton stabilization, substance metabolism and stress response. Among these metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism (mainly occurred during day 1-14) and cytoskeleton proteins (mainly occurred during day 14-21) were the most identified proteins. These results revealed that the low levels of 50 μg/L probably led to a continuous damage than the higher groups during the experiment time. Furthermore, proteomics results might implied that though cell system expected to mobilize almost all the functional proteins to quickly establish a new homeostasis together when facing the roxarsone at first, but in the end the destroyed cell cytoskeleton structure might burst the bubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Peng
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Mianzhi
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Weixin
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Qin
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie Xiying
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangxiao Junyi
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sun Yongxue
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Li X, Gu S, Sun D, Dai H, Chen H, Zhang Z. The selectivity of artemisinin-based drugs on human lung normal and cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:86-94. [PMID: 29227908 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin-based drugs are documented to possess anticancer potential that is selectively effective to cancer cells. However, this selectivity is disputable in different studies and the mechanism is still unclear. To clarify this discrepancy, this study employed five assays to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of artemisinin and artesunate on normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The results of five cytotoxic assays coherently showed that artemisinin and artesunate caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both HBE and A549 cells with a slight selectivity to A549 cells. Further, both HBE cells and A549 cells demonstrated elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased DNA damage. Since artemisinin and artesunate exerted significant cytotoxic effect on both normal cells and cancer cells via the same pathway of ROS-mediated DNA damage, the side effects of artemisinin and artesunate on normal cell cannot be ignored when developing their antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangmei Dai
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wen Y, Fei Y. Response of soil microbial communities to roxarsone pollution along a concentration gradient. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:819-827. [PMID: 28276888 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1281687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) as a feed additive in the broiler poultry industry can lead to environmental arsenic contamination. This study was conducted to reveal the response of soil microbial communities to roxarsone pollution along a concentration gradient. To explore the degradation process and degradation kinetics of roxarsone concentration gradients in soil, the concentration shift of roxarsone at initial concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, as well as that of the arsenic derivatives, was detected. The soil microbial community composition and structure accompanying roxarsone degradation were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that roxarsone degradation was inhibited by a biological inhibitor, confirming that soil microbes were absolutely essential to its degradation. Moreover, soil microbes had considerable potential to degrade roxarsone, as a high initial concentration of roxarsone resulted in a substantially increased degradation rate. The concentrations of the degradation products HAPA (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid), AS(III), and AS(V) in soils were significantly positively correlated. The soil microbial community composition and structure changed significantly across the roxarsone contamination gradient, and the addition of roxarsone decreased the microbial diversity. Some bacteria tended to be inhibited by roxarsone, while Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Lysobacter, and Alkaliphilus played important roles in roxarsone degradation. Moreover, HAPA, AS(III), and AS(V) were significantly positively correlated with Symbiobacterium, which dominated soils containing roxarsone, and their abundance increased with increasing initial roxarsone concentration. Accordingly, Symbiobacterium could serve as indicator of arsenic derivatives released by roxarsone as well as the initial roxarsone concentration. This is the first investigation of microbes closely related to roxarsone degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaci Liu
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences , Shijiazhuang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey , Shijiazhuang, Hebei , China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yasong Li
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences , Shijiazhuang , China
- c CSIRO Land and Water , Urrbrae , South Australia , Australia
| | - Yi Wen
- d Department of Water Environmental Planning , Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning , Beijing , China
| | - Yuhong Fei
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences , Shijiazhuang , China
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Fei Y. Response of microbial communities to roxarsone under different culture conditions. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:661-670. [PMID: 28177786 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Roxarsone is a feed additive widely used in the broiler and swine industries that has the potential to contaminate the environment, mainly via the use of poultry manure as fertilizer, which results in release of inorganic arsenic to the soil and water. This study was conducted to investigate roxarsone degradation and the response of the microbial community under different culture conditions using high-throughput sequencing technology. Poultry litter was incubated for 288 h in the presence of roxarsone under light aerobic, dark aerobic, or dark anaerobic conditions. The results showed that roxarsone was completely degraded after 48 h of dark anaerobic incubation, while 79.9% and 94.5% of roxarsone was degraded after 288 h of dark aerobic and light aerobic incubation, respectively. Under dark aerobic conditions with microbial inhibitor sodium azide, roxarsone was rarely degraded during the 288 h of incubation, illustrating that microorganisms play an important role in roxarsone degradation. Microbial community structure was significantly different among various culture conditions. Olivibacter, Sphingobacterium, and Proteiniphilum were the top 3 genera in the control samples. Sphingobacterium and Alishewanella dominated the light aerobic samples, while the dominant microflora of the dark aerobic samples were Acinetobacter spp. Pseudomonas and Advenella were the predominant genera of dark anaerobic samples. This study emphasizes the potential importance of microbes in roxarsone degradation and expands our current understanding of microbial ecology during roxarsone degradation under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaci Liu
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasong Li
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China.,c CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Yuhong Fei
- a Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, People's Republic of China
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Fu QL, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Phytotoxicity and uptake of roxarsone by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:210-218. [PMID: 27814537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX), the primary aromatic arsenical additive (AAA) used in animal feeding operations, is of increasing concern to environmental and human health due to land application of ROX-laden animal manure. Few studies have investigated the phytotoxicity, uptake mechanisms, and speciation of AAA in crop plants. In this study, wheat seedlings were employed to address these issues under hydroponic conditions. Compared to inorganic arsenic, ROX was less toxic to wheat root elongation. Wheat roots were more sensitive to ROX stress than shoots. For the first time, metabolized inorganic arsenic was detected in plants, although ROX was the predominant detected arsenic species in wheat seedlings. ROX uptake and toxicity to roots were inhibited by humic acid at concentrations higher than 50 mg/L due to interaction with ROX. Phosphate enhanced ROX uptake, but no trends were observed for ROX uptake in the presence of glycerol at concentrations lower than 250 mM. In addition, ROX uptake was significantly decreased by silicate (Si(IV), 0.5-10 mM) and the metabolic inhibitor, 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5-2 mM), indicating that ROX transport into wheat roots was actively mediated by Si(IV)-sensitive transporters. These findings provide important insights into the fate and speciation of AAA in soil-water-plant systems relevant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Mafla S, Moraga R, León CG, Guzmán-Fierro VG, Yañez J, Smith CT, Mondaca MA, Campos VL. Biodegradation of roxarsone by a bacterial community of underground water and its toxic impact. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1267-77. [PMID: 26063647 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone is included in chicken food as anticoccidial and mainly excreted unchanged in faeces. Microorganisms biotransform roxarsone into toxic compounds that leach and contaminate underground waters used for human consumption. This study evaluated roxarsone biotransformation by underground water microorganisms and the toxicity of the resulting compounds. Underground water from an agricultural field was used to prepare microcosms, containing 0.05 mM roxarsone, and cultured under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Bacterial communities of microcosms were characterized by PCR-DGGE. Roxarsone degradation was measured by HPLC/HG/AAS. Toxicity was evaluated using HUVEC cells and the Toxi-ChromoTest kit. Roxarsone degradation analysis, after 15 days, showed that microcosms of underground water with nutrients degraded 90 and 83.3% of roxarsone under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. Microcosms without nutrients degraded 50 and 33.1% under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. Microcosms including nutrients showed more roxarsone conversion into toxic inorganic arsenic species. DGGE analyses showed the presence of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Spirochaetes. Toxicity assays showed that roxarsone biotransformation by underground water microorganisms in all microcosms generated degradation products toxic for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, toxicity increased when roxarsone leached though a soil column and was further transformed by the bacterial community present in underground water. Therefore, using underground water from areas where roxarsone containing manure is used as fertilizer might be a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mafla
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
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