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Osonga FJ, Eshun GB, Xue H, Kurilla S, Al Hassan MT, Qamar A, Chen H, Boufadel M, Sadik OA. IMPACT: Innovative (nano)Materials and processes for advanced catalytic technologies to degrade PFOA in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143057. [PMID: 39146983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We hereby report the development of a novel electrochemical method to degrade perfluorooctanoic acid (C7F15COOH, PFOA). At the center of the approach are bimetallic Pd-Ru nano-catalyst materials called IMPACT: Innovative (nano)Materials and Processes for Advanced Catalytic Technologies. IMPACT uses flavonoid-sequestered Pd-Ru, allowing the development of specialized electrodes with tunable properties to sequentially degrade PFOA in wastewater samples into a sustainable byproduct via an indirect electrochemical method. Electron transfers at RuOxHy species stabilize the Pd component of the nano-catalysts, enabling the degradation process via PFOA deprotonation, chain shortening, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, fluoride elimination, and CF2 flake-off mechanism. IMPACT enabled the observation of redox peaks at -0.26 V and 0.56 V for the first time, with accompanying reduction peaks at -0.5V and 0.29 V, respectively. These redox peaks, which correlated with the concentrations of PFOA (20, 50, 100, 200, and 400. mg L-1), were verified and confirmed using electrochemical simulations. Control experiments did not show degradation of PFOA in the absence of Pd-Ru nano-catalyst. The degradation in wastewater was obtained within 3 h with an efficiency of 98.5%. The electrochemical degradation products of PFOA were identified using High-resolution desalting paper spray mass spectrometry (DPS-MS) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) analysis. The results yielded C2F5COOH, C3F7COOH, and C6F13OH with dissociation losses of CF2O or CO2. IMPACT introduces a novel nano-catalyst with high efficiency and a reliable capability that defluorinates strong C-F bonds that are components of recalcitrant organics in myriad environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Osonga
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Gaddi B Eshun
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Huize Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Stephen Kurilla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Md Tanim Al Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Areej Qamar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michel Boufadel
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 161 Warren Street, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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2
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Wang Z, You X, Lan L, Huang G, Zhu T, Tian S, Yang B, Zhuo Q. Electrocatalytic oxidation of hexafluoropropylene oxide homologues in water using a boron-doped diamond electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39128835 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2382937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide (GenX) is a kind of substitute to PFOA, which has been listed in the Stockholm Convention. In this study, GenX was attempted to be degraded using a boron-doped diamond anode in the electrochemical oxidation system. The effects of operating parameters, including current density (0.5-10 mA/cm2), initial pH (3.0-11.49), initial concentration of GenX (20-150 mg/L), electrode distances (0.5-2 cm), electrolyte types (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaNO3 and NaHCO3) and Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration (40-80 mm), on GenX were studied. GenX can almost completely be degraded under the optimal operating parameters after 180 min of electrolysis. Free radical quenching experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of hydroxyl radicals and sulphate radicals on the degradation of GenX. The degradation intermediates were identified based on the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a tandem mass spectrometer, and the degradation mechanisms were also proposed. Finally, the toxicities of GenX and its degradation products were evaluated using the QSAR models. The novelty is that the degradation mechanisms of the high concentration GenX (100 mg/L) were elucidated based on the free radical quenching experiments and the intermediates detected, when the degradation ratio reached 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin You
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Lan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyin Zhu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengpeng Tian
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongfang Zhuo
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
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Wilsey MK, Taseska T, Meng Z, Yu W, Müller AM. Advanced electrocatalytic redox processes for environmental remediation of halogenated organic water pollutants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11895-11922. [PMID: 37740361 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are widespread, and decades of heavy use have resulted in global bioaccumulation and contamination of the environment, including water sources. Here, we introduce the most common halogenated organic water pollutants, their classification by type of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), important policies and regulations, main applications, and environmental and human health risks. Remediation techniques are outlined with particular emphasis on carbon-halogen bond strengths. Aqueous advanced redox processes are discussed, highlighting mechanistic details, including electrochemical oxidations and reductions of the water-oxygen system, and thermodynamic potentials, protonation states, and lifetimes of radicals and reactive oxygen species in aqueous electrolytes at different pH conditions. The state of the art of aqueous advanced redox processes for brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated organic compounds is presented, along with reported mechanisms for aqueous destruction of select PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Future research directions for aqueous electrocatalytic destruction of organohalogens are identified, emphasizing the crucial need for developing a quantitative mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, the improvement of analytical detection methods for organohalogens and transient species during advanced redox processes, and the development of new catalysts and processes that are globally scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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4
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Huo J, Zhang Y, Kang W, Shen Y, Li X, Yan Z, Pan Y, Sun W. Synthesis of F-doped materials and applications in catalysis and rechargeable batteries. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2846-2864. [PMID: 37260486 PMCID: PMC10228368 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elemental doping is one of the most essential techniques for material modification. It is well known that fluorine is considered to be a highly efficient and inexpensive dopant in the field of materials. Fluorine is one of the most reactive elements with the highest electronegativity (χ = 3.98). Compared to cationic doping, anionic doping is another valuable method for improving the properties of materials. Many materials have physicochemical limitations that affect their practical application in the field of catalysis and rechargeable ion batteries. Many researchers have demonstrated that F-doping can significantly improve the performance of materials for practical applications. This paper reviews the applications of various F-doped materials in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, lithium-ion batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, as well as briefly introducing their preparation methods and mechanisms to provide researchers with more ideas and options for material modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Zirui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Yingwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 PR China
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5
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Li Z, Luo ZM, Huang Y, Wang JW, Ouyang G. Recent trends in degradation strategies of PFOA/PFOS substitutes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137653. [PMID: 36581124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global elimination and restriction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), respectively, have urged manufacturers to shift production to their substitutes which still pose threat to the environment with their bioaccumulation, toxicity and migration issues. In this context, efficient technologies and systematic mechanistic studies on the degradation of PFOA/PFOS substitutes are highly desirable. In this review, we summarize the progress in degrading PFOA/PFOS substitutes, including four kinds of mainstream methods. The pros and cons of the present technologies are analyzed, which renders the discussion of future prospects on rational optimizations. Additional discussion is made on the differences in the degradation of various kinds of substitutes, which is compared to the PFOA/PFOS and derives designing principles for more degradable F-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Li
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Luo
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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6
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Khan MY, Song J, Narimani M, da Silva G. Thermal decomposition mechanism and kinetics of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated carboxylic acids: a theoretical study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2475-2487. [PMID: 36468420 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are broadly used for chemical synthesis and as surfactants, but they pose a serious threat to humans and wildlife because of toxicity concerns, environmental stability, and tendency to bioaccumulate. PFCA waste is commercially treated in incinerators, however, their exact degradation mechanisms are still unknown. In the present work, we report the decomposition mechanism and kinetics of straight-chain PFCAs using quantum chemistry and reaction rate theory calculations. Degradation mechanisms and associated kinetic parameters are determined for the complete series of straight-chain PFCAs from perfluorononanoic acid (C8F17COOH, C9) to fluoroformic acid (FCOOH, C1). Our results show that PFCA decomposition follows an analogous mechanism to perfluorinated sulfonic acids, where HF elimination from the acid head group produces a three membered ring intermediate, in this case a perfluorinated α-lactone. These perfluorinated α-lactones are short-lived intermediates that readily degrade into perfluorinated acyl fluorides and CO, thus shortening the perfluorinated chain by one C atom. Because perfluorinated acyl fluorides are known to hydrolyse to PFCAs, repeated cycles of carboxylic acid decomposition followed by acyl fluoride hydrolysis provides a mechanism for the complete mineralization of PFCAs to HF, CO, CO2, COF2, and CF2 during thermal decomposition in the presence of water vapor. These results provide a theoretical basis for future detailed chemical kinetic studies of incineration reactors and will assist in their design and optimisation so as to more efficiently decompose PFCAs and related waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jiaou Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Milad Narimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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7
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Shao D, Li W, Wang Z, Yang C, Xu H, Yan W, Yang L, Wang G, Yang J, Feng L, Wang S, Li Y, Jia X, Song H. Variable activity and selectivity for electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment using a magnetically assembled electrode based on Ti/PbO2 and carbon nanotubes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Hu Z, Guo C, Wang P, Guo R, Liu X, Tian Y. Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue by Pb modified porous SnO 2 anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135447. [PMID: 35753421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of pollutants in wastewater can be electrocatalytically oxidized by SnO2-Sb, a relatively inactive electrode. However, the arduous process of environmental remediation due to poor electrochemical performance and short service life of the traditional Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode. In this work the SnO2 electrode with a micron-sized sphere structure was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal. The results of the study that the electrode (Pb-10%) synthesized from the precursor solution in which the Pb:Sn molar ratio is 10% exhibits excellent electrooxidation properties. Impressiveing, the Pb-10% electrode displayed the small charge transfer resistance (10.71 Ω) and the high oxygen evolution potential (2.26 V vs. SCE). Thus, the electrochemical degradation experiment demonstrates that 100 mg L-1 MB was degraded by Pb-10% electrode under the condition of initial pH = 5, and the decolorization rate reached 94.6%. Moreover, the influence of different parameters such as Pb doping amount, initial pH value of solution, initial concentration of MB and inorganic ions on degradation efficiency were also explored, in turn the practical application of electrodes in the field of purifying water resources is optimized. It is worth noting that the service life of the optimized electrode (100 mA cm-2, 0.5 M H2SO4, 90 h) is about 12 times longer than that of the bare electrode (Sn-Sb). Therefore, the high-performance Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode prepared in this work possesses vast application prospects in the electrocatalytic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Chao Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Xuanwen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, 066099, China
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Yang K, Lin H, Jiang J, Ma J, Yang Z. Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of tetracycline and atrazine on SnO2 reactive electrochemical membranes by low-toxic bismuth, cerium doping. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Zhu Y, Ji H, He K, Blaney L, Xu T, Zhao D. Photocatalytic degradation of GenX in water using a new adsorptive photocatalyst. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118650. [PMID: 35640506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
GenX, the ammonium salt of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, has been used as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid. Due to its widespread uses, GenX has been detected in waters around the world amid growing concerns about its persistence and adverse health effects. As relevant regulations are rapidly evolving, new technologies are needed to cost-effectively remove and degrade GenX. In this study, we developed an adsorptive photocatalyst by depositing a small amount (3 wt.%) of bismuth (Bi) onto activated-carbon supported titanate nanotubes, Bi/TNTs@AC, and tested the material for adsorption and subsequent solid-phase photodegradation of GenX. Bi/TNTs@AC at 1 g/L was able to adsorb GenX (100 µg/L, pH 7.0) within 1 h, and then degrade 70.0% and mineralize 42.7% of pre-sorbed GenX under UV (254 nm) in 4 h. The efficient degradation also regenerated the material, allowing for repeated uses without chemical regeneration. Material characterizations revealed that the active components of Bi/TNTs@AC included activated carbon, anatase, and Bi nanoparticles with a metallic Bi core and an amorphous Bi2O3 shell. Electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoluminescence analyses indicated the superior photoactivity of Bi/TNTs@AC was attributed to enhanced light harvesting and generation of charge carriers due to the UV-induced surface plasmon resonance effect, which was enabled by the metallic Bi nanoparticles. •OH radicals and photogenerated holes (h+) were responsible for degradation of GenX. Based on the analysis of degradation byproducts and density functional theory calculations, photocatalytic degradation of GenX started with cleavage of the carboxyl group and/or ether group by •OH, h+, and/or eaq-, and the resulting intermediates were transformed into shorter-chain fluorochemicals following the stepwise defluorination mechanism. Bi/TNTs@AC holds the potential for more cost-effective degradation of GenX and other per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmo Zhu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Haodong Ji
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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11
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Xie J, Zhang C, Waite TD. Hydroxyl radicals in anodic oxidation systems: generation, identification and quantification. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118425. [PMID: 35429884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anodic oxidation has emerged as a promising treatment technology for the removal of a broad range of organic pollutants from wastewaters. Hydroxyl radicals are the primary species generated in anodic oxidation systems to oxidize organics. In this review, the methods of identifying hydroxyl radicals and the existing debates and misunderstandings regarding the validity of experimental results are discussed. Consideration is given to the methods of quantification of hydroxyl radicals in anodic oxidation systems with particular attention to approaches used to compare the electrochemical performance of different anodes. In addition, we describe recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of hydroxyl radical generation at the surface of most commonly used anodes and the utilization of hydroxyl radical in typical electrochemical reactors. This review shows that the key challenges facing anodic oxidation technology are related to i) the elimination of mistakes in identifying hydroxyl radicals, ii) the establishment of an effective hydroxyl radical quantification method, iii) the development of cost effective anode materials with high corrosion resistance and high electrochemical activity and iv) the optimization of electrochemical reactor design to maximise the utilization efficiency of hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, 214206, P.R. China.
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12
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Progress in Preparation and Application of Titanium Sub-Oxides Electrode in Electrocatalytic Degradation for Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve low-carbon and sustainable development it is imperative to explore water treatment technologies in a carbon-neutral model. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and no secondary pollution, electrocatalytic oxidation technology has attracted increasing attention in tackling the challenges of organic wastewater treatment. The performance of an electrocatalytic oxidation system depends mainly on the properties of electrodes materials. Compared with the instability of graphite electrodes, the high expenditure of noble metal electrodes and boron-doped diamond electrodes, and the hidden dangers of titanium-based metal oxide electrodes, a titanium sub-oxide material has been characterized as an ideal choice of anode material due to its unique crystal and electronic structure, including high conductivity, decent catalytic activity, intense physical and chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost, and long service life, etc. This paper systematically reviews the electrode preparation technology of Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxide and its research progress in the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment of organic wastewater in recent years, with technical difficulties highlighted. Future research directions are further proposed in process optimization, material modification, and application expansion. It is worth noting that Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides have played very important roles in organic degradation. There is no doubt that titanium sub-oxides will become indispensable materials in the future.
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13
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Niu Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wu S, Xu R. Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid from wastewater using coating electrode: efficiency, the anode characteristics and degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Zhou J, Wang T, Cheng C, Pan F, Zhu Y, Ma H, Niu J. Ultralong-lifetime Ti/RuO 2-IrO 2@Pt anodes with a strong metal-support interaction for efficient electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3579-3588. [PMID: 35179172 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation is regarded as an effective technique for decomposing refractory organic compounds like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, achieving highly efficient and long-life electrodes is still a great challenge. Herein, Ti/RuO2-IrO2@Pt anodes consisting of Pt4+ and Pt0 species were fabricated by combining modified microemulsion technology with a calcination process, in which Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersed and encapsulated in Ru-Ir composite oxides to form a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) structure. The as-constructed SMSI layer on the Ti/RuO2-IrO2@Pt anode resulted in the improvement of the charge transfer capability and also increased the degradation (99.30%) and mineralization (91.32%) of PFOA during the electrochemical oxidation process. Notably, the service lifetime of Ti/RuO2-IrO2@Pt anodes was remarkably improved from 24 to 42.3 h compared to commercial Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anodes. Moreover, the possible degradation mechanism of PFOA was also speculated through the detection of short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids and reactive radicals. These results not only revealed that the concept and methodology of SMSI could be an effective way for constructing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts but also greatly advanced fundamental understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Fan Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Hongrui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, PR China.
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, PR China
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15
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Hou J, Li G, Liu M, Chen L, Yao Y, Fallgren PH, Jin S. Electrochemical destruction and mobilization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in saturated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132205. [PMID: 34563764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have attracted attention due to their widespread distribution, recalcitrance, and substantial toxicity. In this work, high concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were degraded and mobilized through electrochemical treatments in a simulated source zone of saturated soil. Under a low constant voltage and direct current of 24 V and 467-690 mA, approximately 51.7% and 33% of PFOA and PFOS were degraded, respectively. Additionally, a total defluorination mass balance of 44.7% and 23% were detected for PFOA and PFOS, respectively, which indicates that the removal of PFOA and PFOS occurs through its destruction. Substantial electromigration causes the destruction and mobilization of solid PFOA and PFOS to shift into the water phase. Although electrochemical oxidation of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) were previously reported and studied, this study is one of the few that focus on simultaneous desorption, mobilization, and destruction of PFAS in saturated soil containing a low-intensity electrical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Guoao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 10083, PR China
| | - Mingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Ye Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Paul H Fallgren
- Advanced Environmental Technologies LLC, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Advanced Environmental Technologies LLC, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA; Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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16
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Wang C, Zhang T, Yin L, Ni C, Ni J, Hou LA. Enhanced perfluorooctane acid mineralization by electrochemical oxidation using Ti 3+ self-doping TiO 2 nanotube arrays anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131804. [PMID: 34365167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is of increasing concern due to its worldwide application and extremely environmental persistence. Herein, we demonstrated the electrochemical degradation of PFOA with high efficiency using the Ti3+ self-doping TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ti3+/TiO2-NTA) anode. The fabricated Ti3+/TiO2-NTA anode exhibited vertically aligned uniform nanotubes structure, and was demonstrated good performance on the electrochemical degradation of PFOA in water. The degradation rate, total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate and defluorination rate of PFOA reached 98.1 %, 93.3 % and 74.8 %, respectively, after electrolysis for 90 min at low current density of 2 mA cm-2. The energy consumption (7.6 Wh L-1) of this electrochemical oxidation system using Ti3+/TiO2-NTA anode for PFOA degradation was about 1 order of magnitude lower than using traditional PbO2 anodes. Cathodic polarization could effectively prolong the electrocatalytic activity of the anode by regenerating Ti3+ sites. PFOA molecular was underwent a rapidly mineralization to CO2 and F-, with only low concentration of short-chain perflfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) intermediates identified. A possible electrochemical degradation mechanism of PFOA was proposed, in which the initial direct electron transfer (DET) on the anode to yield PFOA free radicals (C7F15COO•) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) oxidation were greatly enhanced. This presented study provides a novel approach for the purification of the recalcitrant PFOA from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Resources Adironment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Tianai Zhang
- College of Resources Adironment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- College of Resources Adironment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - JiuPai Ni
- College of Resources Adironment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Li-An Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an, 710025, China
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He H, Li Y, Shen R, Shim H, Zeng Y, Zhao S, Lu Q, Mai B, Wang S. Environmental occurrence and remediation of emerging organohalides: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118060. [PMID: 34479159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As replacements for "old" organohalides, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), "new" organohalides have been developed, including decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), and perfluorobutyrate (PFBA). In the past decade, these emerging organohalides (EOHs) have been extensively produced as industrial and consumer products, resulting in their widespread environmental distribution. This review comprehensively summarizes the environmental occurrence and remediation methods for typical EOHs. Based on the data collected from 2015 to 2021, these EOHs are widespread in both abiotic (e.g., dust, air, soil, sediment, and water) and biotic (e.g., bird, fish, and human serum) matrices. A significant positive correlation was found between the estimated annual production amounts of EOHs and their environmental contamination levels, suggesting the prohibition of both production and usage of EOHs as a critical pollution-source control strategy. The strengths and weaknesses, as well as the future prospects of up-to-date remediation techniques, such as photodegradation, chemical oxidation, and biodegradation, are critically discussed. Of these remediation techniques, microbial reductive dehalogenation represents a promising in situ remediation method for removal of EOHs, such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Siyan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Pilli S, Pandey AK, Pandey V, Pandey K, Muddam T, Thirunagari BK, Thota ST, Varjani S, Tyagi RD. Detection and removal of poly and perfluoroalkyl polluting substances for sustainable environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113336. [PMID: 34325368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PFAs (poly and perfluoroalkyl compounds) are hazardous and bioaccumulative chemicals that do not readily biodegrade or neutralize under normal environmental conditions. They have various industrial, commercial, domestic and defence applications. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, there are around 4700 PFAs registered to date. They are present in every stream of life, and they are often emerging and are even difficult to be detected by the standard chemical methods. This review aims to focus on the sources of various PFAs and the toxicities they impose on the environment and especially on humankind. Drinking water, food packaging, industrial areas and commercial household products are the primary PFAs sources. Some of the well-known treatment methods for remediation of PFAs presented in the literature are activated carbon, filtration, reverse osmosis, nano filtration, oxidation processes etc. The crucial stage of handling the PFAs occurs in determining and analysing the type of PFA and its remedy. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of determination & tools, and techniques for remediation of PFAs in the environment. Improving new treatment methodologies that are economical and sustainable are essential for excluding the PFAs from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Pilli
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Fathimanagar, Telangana, 506004, India.
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Department of Geography, Allahabad Degree College (A.D.C.), Allahabad University, Prayagraj, 211003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur, 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulasiram Muddam
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Fathimanagar, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Baby Keerthi Thirunagari
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Fathimanagar, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Sai Teja Thota
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Fathimanagar, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
- Chief Scientific Officer, BOSK Bioproducts, 399 Rue Jacquard, Suite 100, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Pierpaoli M, Szopińska M, Wilk BK, Sobaszek M, Łuczkiewicz A, Bogdanowicz R, Fudala-Książek S. Electrochemical oxidation of PFOA and PFOS in landfill leachates at low and highly boron-doped diamond electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123606. [PMID: 33264854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) may reach landfill leachates (LLs) due to improper waste management. In this study perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) were used as representatives of PFASs in the decomposition on boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) with high (10k ppm) and low (0.5k ppm) boron doping concentrations. The result shows that although better COD removal efficacies are obtained on the low-doped BDD (59 % after 8 h), the decomposition rate of PFOA and PFOS was not affected by boron doping. In LLs, at the current density of 75 mA/cm2, averaged removal efficiencies of 80 % and 78 % were achieved for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. But besides concentration of mother compounds, the presence of intermediates during electrolysis should be monitored. After 8 h of LL electrolysis, the presence of long-chain degradates C6F13 and C6F13COO- was still observed only in 10k BDD-PFOA assays, while during 0.5k assays C6F13 and C6F13COO- form more intesively at the beginning of the process. This indirectly confirms the more intensive generation of perfluoroalkoxy and hydroxyl radicals and higher susceptibility to electrolysis of PFOA's long-chain intermediates on 0.5k BDD. This is the first study reporting BDD-electrolysis as promising in PFAS removal from the complex matrix of LLs, despite the oxidation of competing LLs components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierpaoli
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Barbara K Wilk
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Michał Sobaszek
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Książek
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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20
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Chen Y, Guo D, Dong X, Li Y, Huang Y, Chen H, Li S. Electrocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by LaNixY1-xO3 (Y = Fe, Cu, Co, Sr) gas dispersion electrode. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Radjenovic J, Duinslaeger N, Avval SS, Chaplin BP. Facing the Challenge of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Water: Is Electrochemical Oxidation the Answer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14815-14829. [PMID: 33191730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment systems have the unique ability to completely mineralize poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) through potential-driven electron transfer reactions. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art on electrooxidation of PFASs in water, aiming at elucidating the impact of different operational and design parameters, as well as reported mechanisms of PFAS degradation at the anode surface. We have identified several shortcomings of the existing studies that are largely limited to small-scale laboratory batch systems and unrealistic synthetic solutions, which makes extrapolation of the obtained data to real-world applications difficult. PFASs are surfactant molecules, which display significant concentration-dependence on adsorption, electrosorption, and dissociation. Electrooxidation experiments conducted with high initial PFAS concentration and/or in high conductivity supporting electrolytes likely overestimate process performance. In addition, the formation of organohalogen byproducts, chlorate and perchlorate, was seldom considered. Nevertheless, the first step toward advancing from laboratory-scale to industrial-scale applications is recognizing both the strengths and limitations of electrochemical water treatment systems. More comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of novel electrode materials, application of scalable proof-of-concept studies, and acknowledgment of all treatment outputs (not just the positive ones) are imperative. The presence of PFASs in drinking water and in the environment is an urgent global public health issue. Developments made in material science and application of novel three-dimensional, porous electrode materials and nanostructured coatings are forging a path toward more sustainable water treatment technologies and potential chemical-free treatment of PFAS-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radjenovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), c/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Duinslaeger
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), c/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Shirin Saffar Avval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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22
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Duan P, Jia X, Lin J, Xia R. Electro-oxidation of ceftazidime in real municipal wastewater using PbO2–Ce and SnO2–Sb electrodes: influence of electrolyte and degradation pathway. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Huang D, Wang K, Niu J, Chu C, Weon S, Zhu Q, Lu J, Stavitski E, Kim JH. Amorphous Pd-Loaded Ti 4O 7 Electrode for Direct Anodic Destruction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10954-10963. [PMID: 32786604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We here present a novel Ti4O7-based electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters that achieve efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent water pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns. These amorphous Pd clusters were characterized by the disordered, noncrystalline arrangement of Pd single atoms in close proximity, in contrast to crystalline Pd nanoparticles that have been often employed to tailor the electronic properties of an electrode. We found that the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters significantly outperformed the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with crystalline Pd particles due to enhanced electron transfer through dominant Pd-O bonds. Combined with the efficient binding of PFOA and its degradation intermediates to the fluorinated electrode surface, this electrode was capable of mineralizing PFOA and releasing fluoride as F-. The reaction pathway was found to proceed without involving reactive oxygen species and therefore was not quenched by common anions in complex natural water systems such as chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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24
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Tang J, Zhang C, Wang L, Hu Y, Su P, Wang W, He X. Photo-electrocatalytic degradation of cyclic volatile methyl siloxane by ZnO-coated aluminum anode: Optimal parameters, kinetics, and reaction pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139246. [PMID: 32422461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) are widely used in industrial processes and consumer products, which have been reported to be potentially toxic to human health due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. In this study, a novel photo-catalytic zinc oxide (ZnO)-coated aluminum (ZnO@Al) anode was prepared by a facile hydrothermal epitaxial process for the purpose of degrading cVMSs in practical wastewater. Morphological data and compositional analysis showed a compact coating layer that had the characteristic peaks of ZnO. To optimize the degradation process, central composite design combined with response surface methodology was applied to acquire the optimum parameters of cVMSs removal, and results indicated the cVMSs removal efficiency was approximately 63.3% at the conditions of current density = 17.3 mA/cm2, initial pH of electrolyte = 7.8, plate distance = 18 mm, UV intensity = 90 W, and reaction time = 80 min. Furthermore, the photo-electrocatalytic degradation of cVMSs obeys the pseudo-first order kinetic reaction, and the anode exhibited high durability as the attenuation of cVMSs removal efficiency was <6% after four times reuse. It was also observed that with the application period of the anode was extended, the electroflocculation reaction gradually occurred. The FT-IR of the generated flocs and the total ion gas chromatograms mass spectrometer analysis unraveled the methyl groups in Si-CH3 could be easily attacked by hydroxyl radicals to form the intermediates of monohydroxy substituted products (m/z = 298, 372, and 446) and eventually short-chain carboxylic acids, alkyl radical and silicate. The effective removal of cVMSs by photo-electrocatalytic process using ZnO@Al anode provide significant implication in treatment of practical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peidong Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuwen He
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Ji B, Kang P, Wei T, Zhao Y. Challenges of aqueous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their foreseeable removal strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126316. [PMID: 32120153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial refractory organic pollutants which are widely presented in aqueous environment. Due to the unquiet strength of the highly polarized carbon-fluorine bond (C-F) and their hydrophobic/lipophobic feature as well as biological persistence properties, the remediation and treatment of PFASs is a big challenge. Preliminary studies indicate that a few kinds of technical approaches could remove or transfer PFASs, but the effectiveness is not high as expected or limited while most of the techniques are only tested at laboratory scale. A review of existing treatment technologies was thus conducted for the purpose to outlook these technologies, and more importantly, to propose the foreseeable technique. As such, a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology was recommended, which is a newly emerged technology by integrating physical, chemical and enhanced biological processes plus the wetland plants function with strong eco-friendly feature for a comprehensive removal of PFASs. It is expected that the review can strengthen our understanding on PFASs' research and thus can help selecting reasonable technical means of aqueous PFASs control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
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Li J, Li M, Li D, Wen Q, Chen Z. Electrochemical pretreatment of coal gasification wastewater with Bi-doped PbO 2 electrode: Preparation of anode, efficiency and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126021. [PMID: 32007776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coal gasification wastewater (CGW) contains a large amount of toxic pollutants, which seriously affects the subsequent biochemical treatment. In order to investigate the efficiency of electrocatalytic oxidation on pretreatment of CGW, lead dioxide electrodes doped with PEG and Bi were successfully prepared. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were comprehensively used to characterize the lead dioxide electrode and the electrochemical performance was also tested by linear sweep voltammetry curve, cyclic voltammetry curve and AC impedance. Biodegradability and toxicity of CGW were evaluated by dehydrogenase activity and acute toxicity, respectively. Results showed that the doping of PEG and Bi significantly improved the electrochemical performance and catalytic oxidation performance of lead dioxide electrodes. The degradation rate of phenol by Sn-Sb/PbO2 (PEG + Bi) electrode were 1.57 times of that by pure lead dioxide electrode. The removal of TOC and total phenols were 53.2% and 82.7%, respectively at 120 min under 40 mA cm-2 by Sn-Sb/PbO2 (PEG + Bi) electrode. The changes of biodegradability, biological toxicity and by-products were analyzed. Furthermore, 3,5-dimethylphenol was used as characteristic pollutant to study the degradation mechanism of phenolic pollutants in electrocatalytic system. According to the intermediate products detected by GC-MS, possible degradation pathways in electrocatalytic system were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Environmental and Geography Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Wang X, Zhuang Y, Zhang J, Song L, Shi B. Pollutant degradation behaviors in a heterogeneous Fenton system through Fe/S-doped aerogel. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136436. [PMID: 32018944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To prepare a heterogeneous Fenton catalytic material with high pollutant degradation efficiency, Fe/alginate acid hydrogel was used as a template to obtain a Fe/S-doped aerogel (GFe2) and a Fe/O aerogel (GFe3). GFe2 and GFe3 exhibit different iron component crystal patterns; from our results, we deduced that S-doping improves the electron transportation in the Fenton reaction. GFe2 also exhibits a better spherical structure and a higher specific area than GFe3 due to the support of the FeS nanospheres. To further increase structural advantage, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added to alginate hydrogel during in-situ pyrolysis, which further converts GFe2 into a more porous structure (PGFe). Experiments show that the organic removal efficiency of the samples are ordered as GFe3 < GFe2 < PGFe, which acts as additional evidence for the importance of S doping and the structural support that PVA offers which produces more active sites and faster electron transportation. PGFe shows a high reusability after 5 runs of repetitive use in tetracycline (TC) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation. The removal rate of PFOA increased from 15.4% to 21.6% using PGFe; though not as significant as its effects on TC. The C7, C8, F23, and O24 atoms of PFOA are found easier to be attacked by hydroxyl radicals. Having used drinking and black odorous water to further evaluate the practical properties and industrial potentials of the aerogel, PGFe also shows a significant effect in degrading a variety of pollutants, both organic and heavy metal. This clearly demonstrates the promising potentials of Fe/S-doped carbon aerogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Laizhou Song
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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A comparative study of bismuth-based photocatalysts with titanium dioxide for perfluorooctanoic acid degradation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bao Y, Huang J, Cagnetta G, Yu G. Removal of F-53B as PFOS alternative in chrome plating wastewater by UV/Sulfite reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114907. [PMID: 31369921 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chrome mist suppressants are key chemicals used in the chrome plating industry to reduce exposure of workers by inhalation to airborne chromic acid pollution. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonated compounds are excellent mist suppressants, thanks to their chemical stability and surface activity. Therefore, despite mounting evidence for their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, it is likely that such chemicals will continue to be used for the foreseeable future because of their importance and lack of alternatives. The present study is aimed at assessing the feasibility of advanced reduction as an effective technology to treat chrome plating industry wastewater. In particular, wastewater containing a chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (i.e. F-53B), an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) used to prepare chrome mist suppressant in China, was treated by UV-activated sulfite. Results demonstrates that in ultrapure water F-53B can be easily degraded within 1 min-much faster than PFOS. Stoichiometric fluoride recovery was also achieved, confirming significant defluorination of the pollutant. Such superior reducibility was due to the presence of chlorine atoms, as corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. F-53B degradation was also achieved in chrome plating industrial wastewater, which yielded results were slower than those achieved in the laboratory nonetheless obtained complete abatement within 60 min. These results suggest that the proposed advanced reduction process is one of the safest options to control PFAS discharge in the environment and reduce the related risks to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Bao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Xu X, Zhao J, Bai S, Mo R, Yang Y, Liu W, Tang X, Yu H, Zhu Y. Preparation of novel Ti-based MnO x electrodes by spraying method for electrochemical oxidation of Acid Red B. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:365-376. [PMID: 31537773 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At different calcination conditions, titanium-based manganese oxides (MnOx) electrodes were fabricated by spraying method without adhesive. The MnOx/Ti electrodes were applied in electrochemical oxidation of wastewater treatment for the first time. The surface morphologies of electrodes were tested by scanning electron microscopy. The formation of different manganese oxidation states on electrodes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes have been performed by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The characterizations revealed that the MnOx/Ti-350(20) electrode, prepared at calcination temperature of 350 °C for 20 min, exhibited fewer cracks on the electrode surface, larger electrochemically effective surface area and lower charge transfer resistance than electrodes prepared at other calcination conditions. Moreover, Acid Red B was used as target pollutant to test the electrode activity via monitoring the concentration changes by UV spectrophotometer. The results showed that the MnOx/Ti-350(20) electrode presented the best performance on decolorization of Acid Red B with the lowest cell potential during the process of electrochemical oxidation, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion was 50.7%. Furthermore, the changes of Acid Red B during the electrochemical oxidation process were proposed by the UV-vis spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Subei Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Rongrong Mo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Yan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Hang Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
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31
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Zhou Q, Hong L, Di Bonito M, Pan G. Decomposition of carboxymethyl cellulose based on nano-knife principle. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:93-98. [PMID: 30952356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The traditional degradation of organic pollutants is based on the sacrifice of chemical or biological reagents. In this study, a purely physical technique was developed to break the chemical bonds and consequently decompose macromolecules in aqueous solution. Assisted with a high-speed mechanical blade, refined quartz sand grains with particularly sharp nano-scale edges can act as 'nano-knives', which are able to cut the long chain of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, as a model molecule). High performance size exclusion chromatography measurements evidenced that the original CMC molecules (41,000 Da) were decomposed into a series of smaller molecules (460, 1000, 2200, 21,000, 27,000 and 31,000 Da). Consequently, the initial viscosity of the CMC solution (2 g/L) rapidly decreased by approximately 50% after 3 min treatment by the nano-knife materials along with the mechanical blade. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the original functional groups were still present and new functional groups were not produced after shearing. The intensity of the main functional group β-1-4-glycosidic bond (wavenumber 1062 cm-1) was observed to markedly decrease after shearing. These results indicated that the long-chain CMC was cleaved into short-chain CMC. A degradation mechanism was proposed whereby the cutting force generated by the rapid motion of the nano-knives may be responsible for the breakage of β-1-4-glycosidic bonds in the macromolecular cellulose backbone. These results provide support for a potentially more affordable and environment-friendly strategy for physical-based decomposition of recalcitrant organic pollutants from aqueous solution without the need of chemical or biological reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Department of Environmental Nano-materials, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Department of Environmental Nano-materials, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Marcello Di Bonito
- Center of Integrated Water-Energy-Food studies (iWEF), School of Animal, Rural, and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Gang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Department of Environmental Nano-materials, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center of Integrated Water-Energy-Food studies (iWEF), School of Animal, Rural, and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG25 0QF, UK..
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32
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Membrane preconcentration as an efficient tool to reduce the energy consumption of perfluorohexanoic acid electrochemical treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Gomez-Ruiz B, Diban N, Urtiaga A. Comparison of microcrystalline and ultrananocrystalline boron doped diamond anodes: Influence on perfluorooctanoic acid electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Effective mineralization of anti-epilepsy drug carbamazepine in aqueous solution by simultaneously electro-generated H2O2/O3 process. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Bao Y, Deng S, Jiang X, Qu Y, He Y, Liu L, Chai Q, Mumtaz M, Huang J, Cagnetta G, Yu G. Degradation of PFOA Substitute: GenX (HFPO-DA Ammonium Salt): Oxidation with UV/Persulfate or Reduction with UV/Sulfite? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11728-11734. [PMID: 30207460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, ammonium salt with trade name: GenX) has been recently detected in river water worldwide. There are significant concerns about its persistence, and potential adverse effects to the biota. In this study, the degradability of GenX by typical advanced redox technologies (UV/persulfate and UV/sulfate) is investigated. Results demonstrate that <5% GenX is oxidized after 3 h in UV/persulfate system, which is much lower than ∼27% for PFOA. In comparison, GenX can be readily degraded and defluorinated by hydrated electron (eaq-) generated by UV/sulfite system. Specifically, GenX is not detectable after 2 h, and >90% of fluoride ion is recovered 6 h later. This is attributed to the accumulation and subsequent degradation of CF3CF2COOH and CF3COOH, which are stable intermediates of GenX degradation. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the etheric bond in the molecule is a favorable attack point for the eaq-. Such finding is corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. The side CF3- at the α-carbon probably acts as an effective barrier that prevents GenX from being cleaved by SO4-• or OH• at its most sensible point (i.e. the carboxyl group). This study illustrates that reduction by UV/sulfite might be a promising technology to remove GenX from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Bao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xinshu Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yingxi Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Liquan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qiwan Chai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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36
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Schaefer CE, Choyke S, Ferguson PL, Andaya C, Burant A, Maizel A, Strathmann TJ, Higgins CP. Electrochemical Transformations of Perfluoroalkyl Acid (PFAA) Precursors and PFAAs in Groundwater Impacted with Aqueous Film Forming Foams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10689-10697. [PMID: 30130962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While oxidative technologies have been proposed for treatment of waters impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs), information is lacking regarding the transformation pathways for the chemical precursors to the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) typically present in such waters. This study examined the oxidative electrochemical treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for two AFFF-impacted groundwaters. The bulk pseudo first order rate constant for PFOA removal was 0.23 L h-1 A-1; for PFOS, this value ranged from 0.084 to 0.23 L h-1 A-1. Results from the first groundwater studied suggested a transformation pathway where sulfonamide-based PFASs transformed to primarily perfluorinated sulfonamides and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), with subsequent defluorination of the PFCAs. Transient increases in the perfluorinated sulfonamides and PFCAs were observed. For the second groundwater studied, no transient increases in PFAAs were measured, despite the presence of similarly structured suspected PFAA precursors and substantial defluorination. For both waters, suspected precursors were the primary sources of the generated fluoride. Assessment of precursor compound transformation noted the formation of keto-perfluoroalkanesulfonates only in the second groundwater. These results confirm that oxidation and defluorination of suspected PFAA precursors in the second groundwater underwent transformation via a pathway different than that of the first groundwater, which was not captured by total oxidizable precursor assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Schaefer
- CDM Smith , 110 Fieldcrest Avenue, #8, Sixth Floor , Edison , New Jersey 08837 , United States
| | - Sarah Choyke
- Nicholas School of the Environment , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Christina Andaya
- APTIM , 17 Princess Road , Lawrenceville , New Jersey 08648 , United States
| | - Aniela Burant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Andrew Maizel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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37
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Liang S, Pierce R"D, Lin H, Chiang SYD, Huang Q"J. Electrochemical oxidation of PFOA and PFOS in concentrated waste streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall "David" Pierce
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences; University of Georgia; Griffin GA
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation; School of Environment; Beijing China
| | | | - Qingguo "Jack" Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences; University of Georgia; Griffin GA
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38
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He Y, Wang X, Huang W, Chen R, Zhang W, Li H, Lin H. Hydrophobic networked PbO 2 electrode for electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol drug and degradation mechanism kinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:89-99. [PMID: 29127839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophobic networked PbO2 electrode was deposited on mesh titanium substrate and utilized for the electrochemical elimination towards paracetamol drug. Three dimensional growth mechanism of PbO2 layer provided more loading capacity of active materials and network structure greatly reduced the mass transfer for the electrochemical degradation. The active electrochemical surface area based on voltammetric charge quantity of networked PbO2 electrode is about 2.1 times for traditional PbO2 electrode while lower charge transfer resistance (6.78 Ω cm2) could be achieved on networked PbO2 electrode. The electrochemical incineration kinetics of paracetamol drug followed a pseudo first-order behavior and the corresponding rate constant were 0.354, 0.658 and 0.880 h-1 for traditional, networked PbO2 and boron doped diamond electrode. Higher electrochemical elimination kinetics could be achieved on networked PbO2 electrode and the performance can be equal to boron doped diamond electrode in result. Based on the quantification of reactive oxidants (hydroxyl radicals), the utilization rate of hydroxyl radicals could reach as high as 90% on networked PbO2 electrode. The enhancement of excellent electrochemical oxidation capacity towards paracetamol drug was related to the properties of higher loading capacity, enhanced mass transfer and hydrophobic surface. The possible degradation mechanism and pathway of paracetamol on networked PbO2 electrode were proposed in details accordingly based on the intermediate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng He
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weimin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Rongling Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haibo Lin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Guangdong Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Shantou 515061, China.
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39
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Yang B, Deng J, Yu G, Deng S, Li J, Zhu C, Zhuo Q, Duan H, Guo T. Effective degradation of carbamazepine using a novel electro-peroxone process involving simultaneous electrochemical generation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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40
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Van Hoomissen DJ, Vyas S. 1,2-Fluorine Radical Rearrangements: Isomerization Events in Perfluorinated Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8675-8687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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41
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Soriano Á, Gorri D, Urtiaga A. Efficient treatment of perfluorohexanoic acid by nanofiltration followed by electrochemical degradation of the NF concentrate. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 112:147-156. [PMID: 28157603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the development of a strategy for removing and degrading perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) from industrial process waters at concentrations in the range 60-200 mg L-1. The treatment train consisted of nanofiltration (NF) separation followed by electrochemical degradation of the NF concentrate. Using a laboratory-scale system and working in the total recirculation mode, the DowFilm NF270 membrane provided PFHxA rejections that varied in the range 96.6-99.4% as the operating pressure was increased from 2.5 to 20 bar. The NF operation in concentration mode enabled a volume reduction factor of 5 and increased the PFHxA concentration in the retentate to 870 mg L-1. Results showed that the increase in PFHxA concentration and the presence of calcium sulfate salts did not induce irreversible membrane fouling. The NF retentate was treated in a commercial undivided electrochemical cell provided with two parallel flow-by compartments separated by bipolar boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, BDD counter anode, and counter cathode. Current densities ranging from 20 to 100 A m-2 were examined. The electrochemical degradation rate of PFHxA reached 98% and was accompanied by its efficient mineralization, as the reduction of total organic carbon was higher than 95%. Energy consumption, which was 15.2 kWh m-3 of treated NF concentrate, was minimized by selecting operation at 50 A m-2. While most of the previous research on the treatment of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) focused on the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), these compounds have been phased out by chemical manufacturers. Our findings are relevant for the treatment of PFHxA, which appears to be one of the present alternatives to long-chain PFASs thanks to its lower bioaccumulative potential than PFOA and PFOS. However, PFHxA also behaves as a persistent pollutant. Moreover, our results highlight the potential of combining membrane separation and electrochemical oxidation for the efficient treatment of PFAS-impacted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Daniel Gorri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
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Wang C, Yu Y, Yin L, Niu J, Hou LA. Insights of ibuprofen electro-oxidation on metal-oxide-coated Ti anodes: Kinetics, energy consumption and reaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:584-591. [PMID: 27567158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) was performed on three types of Ti-based metal oxide electrodes. The degradation of IBP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the electrochemical degradation rate constant (k) over Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 (9.4 × 10(-2) min(-1)) was 2.0 and 1.7 times of the values over Ti/Ce-PbO2 (4.7 × 10(-2) min(-1)) and Ti/SnO2-Sb (5.6 × 10(-2) min(-1)), respectively. The removal of total organic carbon and the energy consumption per order for IBP degradation were 93.2% and 13.1 Wh L(-1), respectively, under the optimal conditions using Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode. Six aromatic intermediate products of IBP were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The electrochemical mineralization mechanism of IBP was proposed. It was supposed that OH radicals produced on the surface of anode attacked IBP to form hydroxylated IBP derivatives that were then followed by a series of hydroxylation, loss of isopropanol and isopropyl, decarboxylation and benzene ring cleavage processes to form simple linear carboxylic acids. By successive hydroxylation, these carboxylic acids were then oxidized to CO2 and H2O, achieving the complete mineralization of IBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Li-An Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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