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Gidley PT, Kennedy AJ, Lotufo GR, Wooley AH, Melby NL, Ghosh U, Burgess RM, Mayer P, Fernandez LA, Schmidt SN, Wang AP, Bridges TS, Ruiz CE. Bioaccumulation in Functionally Different Species: Ongoing Input of PCBs with Sediment Deposition to Activated Carbon Remediated Bed Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2326-2336. [PMID: 31233239 PMCID: PMC6993789 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon-amended bed sediments reduced total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in 3 functionally different marine species, sandworms (Alitta virens), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), during both clean and contaminated ongoing sediment inputs. Mesocosm experiments were conducted for 90 d to evaluate native, field-aged bed sediment PCBs, and ongoing input PCBs added 3 times a week. Simulated in situ remediation applied an activated carbon dose equal to the native organic carbon content that was premixed into the bed sediment for 1 mo. The highest bioaccumulation of native PCBs was in worms that remained in and directly ingested the sediment, whereas the highest bioaccumulation of the input PCBs was in fish that were exposed to the water column. When periodic PCB-contaminated sediment inputs were introduced to the water column, the activated carbon remedy had minimal effect on the input PCBs, whereas the native bed PCBs still dominated bioaccumulation in the control (no activated carbon). Therefore, remediation of only the local bedded sediment in environmental systems with ongoing contaminant inputs may have lower efficacy for fish and other pelagic and epibenthic organisms. While ongoing inputs continue to obscure remedial outcomes at contaminated sediment sites, the present study showed clear effectiveness of activated carbon amendment remediation on native PCBs despite these inputs but no remediation effectiveness for the input-associated PCBs (at least within the present study duration). Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2326-2336. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T. Gidley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Alan J. Kennedy
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Guilherme R. Lotufo
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
| | - Allyson H. Wooley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Nicolas L. Melby
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Sediment Solutions, Ellicott City, MD, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Loretta A. Fernandez
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stine N. Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alice P. Wang
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd S. Bridges
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Carlos E. Ruiz
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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Ting Y, Chen C, Ch'ng BL, Wang YL, Hsi HC. Using raw and sulfur-impregnated activated carbon as active cap for leaching inhibition of mercury and methylmercury from contaminated sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:116-124. [PMID: 29729600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-impregnated activated carbon (SAC) has been reported with a high affinity to Hg, but little research has done on understanding its potential as active cap for inhibition of Hg release from contaminated sediments. In this study, high-quality coconut-shell activated carbon (AC) and its derived SAC were examined and shown to have great affinity to both aqueous Hg2+ and methylmercury (MeHg). SAC had greater partitioning coefficients for Hg2+ (KD = 9.42 × 104) and MeHg (KD = 7.661 × 105) as compared to those for AC (KD = 3.69 × 104 and 2.25 × 105, respectively). However, AC appeared to have greater inhibition in total Hg (THg) leaching from sediment (14.2-235.8 mg-Hg/kg-sediment) to porewater phase as compared to SAC. 3 wt% AC amendment in sediment (235.8 mg/kg Hg) was the optimum dosage causing the porewater THg reduction by 99.88%. Moreover, significant inhibition in both THg and MeHg releases within the 83-d trial microcosm tests was demonstrated with active caps composed of SAC + bentonite, SAC + clean sediment, and AC + bentonite. While both AC and SAC successfully reduce the porewater Hg in sediment environment, the smaller inhibition in Hg release by SAC as compared to that by raw AC may suggest that possibly formed HgS nanoparticles could be released into the porewater that elevates the porewater Hg concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Boon-Lek Ch'ng
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Wang M, Zhu Y, Cheng L, Andserson B, Zhao X, Wang D, Ding A. Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:156-173. [PMID: 29406100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant- and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of applications. Metal-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted effects. But so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lirong Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bruce Andserson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dayang Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Choi Y, Wu Y, Luthy RG, Kang S. Non-equilibrium passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment pore-water: PCB exchange kinetics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:579-586. [PMID: 27472074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the isotropic exchange kinetics of PCBs for polyethylene (PE) passive samplers in quiescent sediment and develops a novel non-equilibrium passive sampling method using PE with multiple thicknesses. The release and uptake kinetics of PCBs in quiescent sediment are reproduced by a 1-D diffusion model using sediment diffusion parameters fitted with the data from actual measurements. From the sediment diffusion parameters observed for uptake and release kinetics, it is seen that the uptake kinetics are distinctly slower than the release kinetics, most likely because of the sorption-desorption hysteresis of PCBs in the study sediment. Despite the presence of the anisotropic PCB exchange kinetics, a performance reference compound (PRC)-based method, which is grounded on the assumption of isotropic exchange kinetics, estimated the freely dissolved aqueous concentrations (Cfree) of PCBs in sediment pore-water with less than a factor of two error for the study sediment. The novel method developed in this study using PE with multiple thicknesses also gives reasonable estimates of Cfree, demonstrating its potential as another option for non-equilibrium passive sampling for hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment pore-water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yanwen Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States
| | - Richard G Luthy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States
| | - Seju Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Choi Y, Cho YM, Gala WR, Hoelen TP, Werner D, Luthy RG. Decision-making framework for the application of in-situ activated carbon amendment to sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 306:184-192. [PMID: 26736169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a decision-support framework and a design methodology for preliminary evaluation of field application of in-situ activated carbon (AC) amendment to sediment to control the (bio)availability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. The decision-making framework comprises four sequential steps: screening assessment, input parameter determination, model prediction, and evaluation for process optimization. The framework allows the application of state-of-the-art experimental and modeling techniques to assess the effectiveness of the treatment under different field conditions and is designed for application as a part of a feasibility study. Through a stepwise process it is possible to assess the effectiveness of in-situ AC amendment with a proper consideration of different site conditions and application scenarios possible in the field. The methodology incorporates the effect of various parameters on performance including: site-specific kinetic coefficients, varied AC dose and particle size, sediment and AC sorption parameters, and pore-water velocity. The modeling framework allows comparison of design alternatives for treatment optimization and estimation of long-term effectiveness over a period of 10-20 years under slow mass transfer in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Myoung Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States
| | - William R Gala
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States
| | - Thomas P Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States
| | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Luthy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States.
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