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Zheng B, Jia S, Tian Y. Improvement of heavy metal separation performance by positively charged small-sized graphene oxide membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2471-2485. [PMID: 36730831 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2176262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multilayered graphene oxide (GO) membranes are promising to be widely applied to purify water effectively. However, the performance of most membranes prepared at present is not ideal, which may be related to the pore diameter of the substrate (determining the real loading amount of GO) and the size of the GO nanosheets (determining the number of channels on the unit area), which has not been fully studied. In this study, a rotating dip-coating reactor were firstly developed to ensure the uniform deposition of reactants on the surface of the substrate. Then, the preparation method for the membrane was improved. Microfiltration membranes were used as the supporting substrate, polydopamine was deposited as the adhesive layer, ethylenediamine was used to restrict the layer spacing to strengthen the size exclusion effect, and positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to strengthen the Donnan effect. Finally, the effects of the pore size of the substrate and the size of the GO nanosheets on the membrane performance were investigated. Compared with the substrates with a pore size of 0.22 μm in most literatures, substrates of 0.1 μm can retain more small GO (SGO) nanosheets, thereby improving the performance. The performance of the SGO membrane was much better than that of the large-sized GO membrane. With a water permeability of no less than 7.9 L/(m2·h·bar), rejection rates for Pb2+ and Cd2+ of the SGO membrane could reach more than 97%. These findings are constructive to separate heavy metals from water effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sun Q, Zhang L, Wang C, Liu X, Lou C, Yang Y. High nitrogen content bimolecular co-functionalized graphene nanoflakes for hypertoxic Cr(VI) removal: Insights into adsorption behavior and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139804. [PMID: 37579820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The proven high carcinogenicity to humans and high destructive force to the environment determine the extreme urgency of eliminating hypertoxic Cr(VI) in water bodies. Herein, a route of room temperature synthesis and secondary grafting was proposed to fabricate graphene oxide-based nanoadsorbent co-functionalized with polydopamine and branched polyethyleneimine (GOPP) to remove Cr(VI). The flexible decoration of polydopamine and polyethyleneimine on GO flakes could gradually enhance the amount of N-containing functional groups and realize selective removal of Cr(VI) with the maximum experimental adsorption capacity of 564.7 mg/g, displaying a significantly high separation factor against alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and other transition metal ions. Various combination mechanisms, such as electrostatic attraction, reduction, complexation, and hydrogen bonding, were demonstrated to be involved in the adsorption process of Cr(VI) by XPS, ESP, and DFT calculations. And the interaction energies of the five protonated configurations of primary amine, tertiary amine, secondary amine, imine, and secondary amine on the ring with HCrO4- were: -22.66, -12.08, -24.92, -24.26, -27.64 kcal/mol. In the actual industrial wastewater study, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 85.8% was realized. This work provided a viable idea for the elimination of Cr(VI) and was expected to be applied in the field of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Changlong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Congcong Lou
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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3
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Huang Y, Shen Y, Zhang G, Lu P, Wu Z, Tang R, Liu J, Wu X, Wang C, Zheng H. Highly effective and selective removal of lead ions by polymer-grafted silica-coated acid-resistant magnetic chitosan composites. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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4
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Senol-Arslan D, Gül A, Uzal N, Yavuz E. Ni-Zn metal-organic framework based membranes for rejection of Pb(II) ions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Yan L, Yang X, Zeng H, Zhao Y, Li Y, He X, Ma J, Shao L. Nanocomposite hydrogel engineered hierarchical membranes for efficient oil/water separation and heavy metal removal. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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6
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Gao Q, Tao D, Qi Z, Liu Y, Guo J, Yu Y. Amidoxime functionalized PVDF-based chelating membranes enable synchronous elimination of heavy metals and organic contaminants from wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115643. [PMID: 35949092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the synchronous elimination of heavy metals and organic contaminants from wastewater, the amidoxime functionalized PVDF-based chelating membrane was fabricated in this study. The structure and morphology of the chelating membrane were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results show that the chemical modification with amidoxime groups did not damage the structure of the PVDF-based membrane. The chelating membrane has a high removal efficiency for Cu2+ (77.33%) and Pb2+ (79.23%) owing to the chemisorption through coordination bonds. However, the chelating membrane exhibits a low removal efficiency for Cd2+ (29.88%) due to the physical adsorption. The chelating membrane has a high rejection efficiency of BSA (95.17%) and lysozyme (70.09%), which is attributed to the sieving effect and increased hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the membrane performance for simultaneously removing metals and proteins from simulated wastewater was examined. The interaction of metal ions with proteins (BSA and lysozyme) can enhance the ion removal efficiency of the chelated membrane, but decrease the protein rejection efficiency due to the destructive effect. The amidoxime functionalized PVDF-based chelating membrane has a high potential for application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Tao
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhibin Qi
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Gao K, Huang D, Hou L, Yang Y. Efficient removal of Cs(I) from water using a novel Prussian blue and graphene oxide modified PVDF membrane: Preparation, characterization, and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156530. [PMID: 35679934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Prussian blue (PB) blending membranes are promising candidates for the removal of trace radionuclide Cs+. Constructing a membrane with high flux and selectivity are challenging in its practical application. Here, a novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-PB-graphene oxide (GO) modified membrane was fabricated via phase inversion for trace radionuclide cesium (137Cs) removal from water. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze chemical composition and morphology of the membrane, and the properties in terms of water flux and Cs+ removal were studied under different PB dosage, pH and co-existing ions conditions. It was observed that the addition of GO improved the dispersion of PB, and the PVDF-PB-GO membrane presented the highest Cs+ removal efficiency (99.6 %) and water flux (1638.2 LMH/bar) at pH = 7 with 0.1 wt% GO and 5 wt% PB. In addition, Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetics models fitted well for Cs+ adsorption by the PVDF-PB-GO membrane, illustrating that the Cs+ was removed via chemical adsorption dominated by Fe(CN)64- defect sites of PB and the oxygen groups of GO. Furthermore, the membrane showed a significant selectivity and reusability towards trace radioactive cesium, even in the presence of excess co-existing ions and in real water, which strongly verified that the modified membrane had application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Huixian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Kexuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Doudou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Li''an Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China; Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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Wu Y, Ye H, You C, Zhou W, Chen J, Xiao W, Garba ZN, Wang L, Yuan Z. Construction of functionalized graphene separation membranes and their latest progress in water purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Zhang T, Li P, Ding S, Wang X. High-performance TFNC membrane with adsorption assisted for removal of Pb(II) and other contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127742. [PMID: 34799164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and thorough removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater is critical for the urgent need of clean water. Herein, we prepared a high-performance thin film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membrane consisting of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-UiO-66-(COOH)2 composite nanofibrous substrate (CPAN) and a calcium alginate (CaAlg) skin layer. Owing to abundant adsorption sites of UiO-66-(COOH)2 MOF, the optimal CPAN-2 nanofibrous substrate showed excellent adsorption capacity for lead ions. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity of CPAN-2 substrate calculated by Langmuir isotherm model was 254.5 mg/g. Meanwhile, due to the relatively loose structure of CaAlg skin layer, this TFNC membrane showed high water permeate flux about 50 L m-2h-1 at 0.1 MPa, and the rejection for dyes was higher than 95%. Therefore, CaAlg/CPAN TFNC membranes were appropriate for dynamic adsorption/filtration to remove Pb2+. Compared with original CaAlg/PAN membrane, the optimal CaAlg/CPAN TFNC membrane showed much better ability to treat Pb(II)-containing wastewater and had good recyclability. Most importantly, the CaAlg/CPAN TFNC membrane could treat 7659 L m-2 wastewater containing single lead ions under WHO drinking water standard, and effectively deal with more simulated lead-containing wastewater. This work could provide a substitutable solution for effective removal of heavy metal ions and other various contaminants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Zhang
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Peiyun Li
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Siping Ding
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xuefen Wang
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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10
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Song C, Tang S, Yue S, Cui Z, Du X, Jiang T, He B, Li J. Design of microstructure for hollow fiber loose nanofiltration separation layer and its compactness-tailoring mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126800. [PMID: 34396955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote the application of membrane technology in the treatment of textile wastewater containing small molecule dye, fabricating a hollow fiber loose nanofiltration (LNF) with a thin and compact separation layer and deepening the understanding of compactness-tailoring mechanism in chemical crosslinking are essential. Firstly, the mechanisms of synergistic crosslinking of PEI-70K and PEI-10K, along with a weakening of the PEI hydration by ethanol, were expounded in primary crosslinking. Then, some LNF separation layers with different compactness were prepared through crosslinking with different crosslinkers to further reduce pore size, which resulted in the efficient removal (~100%) of a small molecular dye (methyl orange (MO), M = 327 g mol-1). The removal of methyl orange is mainly caused by size sieving. The relationship among the pore size, the Mw of the secondary crosslinkers, and the pore size reduction rate was interpreted by comparing the pore size reduction rate of three secondary crosslinkers with different molecular weights. In addition, the as-prepared separation layer exhibited excellent dimensional stability and solvent resistance. This paper not only provides a reference for fabricating hollow fiber LNF with better purification performance, but also shows their potential in developing solvent resistant nanofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Song
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Shenyi Tang
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Shangzhi Yue
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Cui
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Xi Du
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Alliance PKU Management Consultants Ltd., Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Benqiao He
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jianxin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
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11
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Novel high-flux positively charged aliphatic polyamide nanofiltration membrane for selective removal of heavy metals. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Chen X, Zhang X, Li F, Yang X, Du M, Fan J. Mesoporous maltose/calcium oxalate hybrid material with abundant reaction sites and its efficient Pb( ii) removal from diverse water bodies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maltose/calcium oxalate exhibits high capacity and selective adsorption of Pb(ii) due to the synergistic mechanism of ion exchange, electrostatic and complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xitong Yang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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13
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Development of Biosorbent Derived from the Endocarp Waste of Gayo Coffee for Lead Removal in Liquid Wastewater—Effects of Chemical Activators. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of bio-based adsorbent by utilizing coffee endocarp (CE) waste as a raw material for lead (Pb) removal from liquid wastewater. The effect of NaOH and HCl as activation precursors on the characteristics and performance of the resulting adsorbents was investigated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The characterization results confirm the positive role of the activation by either NaOH or HCl in enhancing the surface properties of the resulting adsorbents. The chemical activations removed most of impurities leading to smoother surface, pore size enlargement and enhanced surface area to pore volume ratio, which result in an enhanced adsorption capacity and Pb removal efficiency. The raw adsorbent shows 57.7% of Pb removal efficiency and sorption capacity of 174.4 mg/g. On the other hand, after the chemical treatment using HCl and NaOH, the Pb removal efficiencies increased up to 63.9% and 89.86%, with adsorption capacity of 193 and 271.58 mg/g, respectively. Though both activated sorbents demonstrate better adsorption performance compared to the non-activated CE, overall results reveal that the NaOH-activated sorbent offers better characteristic and performance than the HCl-activated sorbent.
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Liu M, He Q, Zhang K, Guo Z, Lü Z, Yu S, Gao C. Carbodiimide-assisted zwitterionic modification of poly(piperazine amide) thin-film composite membrane for enhanced separation and anti-depositing performances to cationic/anionic dye aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122582. [PMID: 32334289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method of carbodiimide-assisted zwitterionic modification was proposed and implemented to incorporate zwitterionic moieties onto poly(piperazine amide) membrane for improved water permeability and anti-depositing property, which are crucial for highly efficient nanofiltration of dye-contained effluents. Carboxyl groups of polyamide layer were firstly transferred into N-acylurea using excess l-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide. Zwitterions were then incorporated through ring-opening reaction between tertiary amine groups of N-acylurea and 1, 4-butanesultone. Carbodiimide-assisted zwitterionic modification was verified by ATR-IR and XPS analyses and was found to not affect membrane pore size but significantly enhance membrane's permeation and anti-dye-deposition performances. Compared with those of virgin membrane, water permeabilities of the desired zwitterionic membrane to pure water, Congo red aqueous solution and Victoria blue B aqueous solution were higher by 42.9, 62.3 and 95.2 %, respectively, hydraulic resistances from irreversible deposition of Congo red and Victoria blue B molecules were dramatically lowered by 68.4 and 91.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, the perm-selectivity performance of the desired zwitterionic membrane in terms of molecular weight cut-off and pure water permeability was better than most of the reported zwitterionic membranes, and the separation and anti-depositing performances to both anionic and cationic dye aqueous solutions were better than commercial membrane NF270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lü
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanchuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Congjie Gao
- The Development Center of Water Treatment Technology, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
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