1
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Liu T, Chen Z, Ma Y, Ren Y, Tan J, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Preparation and Properties of Epoxy Adhesives with Fast Curing at Room Temperature and Low-Temperature Resistance. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22186-22195. [PMID: 38799369 PMCID: PMC11112724 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Developing a highly efficient multifunctional epoxy adhesive is still an enormous challenge, which can rapidly cure at room temperature and has excellent low-temperature resistance performance and is crucial for the epoxy adhesive and electrical sealing fields during severe cold seasons. Herein, diglycidyl phthalate (DP) was synthesized with phthalic anhydride (PA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) to enhance the curing rate and low-temperature resistance of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) adhesive. The modified DP/DGEBA adhesives were systematically analyzed by gel time, mechanical properties, and aging resistance (time, temperature, and dry/wet treatment). The results showed that DP with highly active ester groups significantly accelerates the curing speed of DP/DGEBA. DP's rigid aromatic ring-benzene ring and flexible group-ester group gave the adhesive better low-temperature resistance. When the addition of DP was 10 wt % (based on the mass of DGEBA), the gel time of DP/DGEBA epoxy adhesives was reduced by 58 min compared to unmodified DGEBA epoxy adhesive, and after aging at low temperature (-20 °C) for 7 days, the tensile shear strengths of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and aluminum plate increased by 76.2 and 80.6%, respectively. The results of non-isothermal curing kinetics and dynamic mechanical analysis suggested that when the amount of DP was 10 wt %, the reaction activation energy of DP/DGEBA epoxy adhesive decreased by 4.0%, and the cross-linking density increased by 8.9%. Moreover, the toughness of the modified adhesive was also improved. This study opens up a feasible way for the development of a low temperature-resistant epoxy adhesive cured rapidly at room temperature in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantan Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yaping Ren
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jihuai Tan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenshuo Cheng
- Anhui
Engineering Research Center of Epoxy Resin and Additives, Huangshan 245900, China
| | - Xinbao Zhu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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2
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Li D, Tu Z, Wang B, Li M, Jia Z, Wei Z. Synthesis of renewable furan-based phosphate and the superior flame retardancy in biodegradable polylactide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130435. [PMID: 38408585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Currently, it has long been considered a challenge to provide sustainable additives for polylactide (PLA) in green way to endow it excellent comprehensive properties. Given the flammability and unsatisfactory crystallization performance of PLA, a furan-based phosphate furfurylamine trimethylphosphate (FATMP) was synthesized from 2-furfurylamine and amino trimethylphosphonic acid by a simple hydration reaction, and the PLA/FATMP composites were prepared by melting blending process. The tensile performance, crystallization behaviors, flame retardancy, and flame-retardant mechanism received special attention. Results showed that the incorporation of only 3 wt% FATMP could indeed increase the LOI value of PLA from 19.8 to 27.3 %, and simultaneously acquired V-0 rating in the vertical burning test owing to the favorable synergistic effect between the vapor phase and the condensed phase. Additionally, the half-crystallization time of PLA was decreased from 12.4 to 5.1 mins with the addition of FATMP, which acted as a nucleating agent. More appealingly, the tensile performance of PLA/FATMP composites was also well maintained. In general, the PLA/FATMP composites we proposed could be promising candidates in application fields where favorable flame retardancy and crystallization ability are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zihan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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3
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Li MX, Mo HL, Lee SK, Ren Y, Zhang W, Choi SW. Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4192. [PMID: 37896437 PMCID: PMC10610633 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As environmental regulations become stricter, weight- and cost-effective fiber-reinforced polymer composites are being considered as alternative materials in the automobile industry. Rapidly impregnating resin into the reinforcing fibers is critical during liquid composite molding, and the optimization of resin impregnation is related to the cycle time and quality of the products. In this review, various resins capable of rapid impregnation, including thermoset and thermoplastic resins, are discussed for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites used in the automobile industry, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, vital factors and perspectives for developing rapidly impregnated resin-based fiber-reinforced composites for automobile applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xian Li
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (M.-X.L.)
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Hui-Lin Mo
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (M.-X.L.)
| | - Sung-Kwon Lee
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (M.-X.L.)
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (M.-X.L.)
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Sung-Woong Choi
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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4
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Gu S, Xiao YF, Tan SH, Liu BW, Guo DM, Wang YZ, Chen L. Neighboring Molecular Engineering in Diels-Alder Chemistry Enabling Easily Recyclable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202312638. [PMID: 37759361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of dynamic covalent bonds have been successfully used in the development of diverse sustainable thermosetting polymers and their composites, solving the trade-off between recovery efficiency and comprehensive properties is still a major challenge. Herein, a "one-stone-two-birds" strategy of lower rotational energy barrier (Er ) phosphate-derived Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions was proposed for easily recyclable carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy resins (EPs) composites. In such a strategy, the phosphate spacer with lower Er accelerated the segmental mobility and dynamic DA exchange reaction for network rearrangement to achieve high-efficiency repairing, reprocessing of the EPs matrix and its composites and rapid nondestructive recycling of CF; meanwhile, incorporating phosphorus-based units especially reduced their fire hazards. The resulting materials simultaneously showed excellent thermal/mechanical properties, superb fire safety and facile recyclability, realizing the concept of recycling for high-performance thermosetting polymers and composites. This strategy is of great significance for understanding and enriching the molecular connotation of DA chemistry, making it potentially applicable to the design and development of a wide range of dynamic covalent adaptable materials toward practical cutting-edge-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xiao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shi-Huan Tan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - De-Ming Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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5
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Ahmed A, Osman A, El-Moaty El-Hakeem A, Kaytbay S. Effects of graphene, alumina, and their hybrid on dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy-based nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2023; 57:1557-1570. [DOI: 10.1177/00219983231160490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has excellent mechanical and thermal properties, while alumina has inexpensive and strong thermal stability, making it ideal for electronic packaging applications. The current work examines the effects of modest loadings of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), alumina (Ala), and their hybrids on the dynamic mechanical characteristics and thermal transitions of epoxy-based nanocomposites. The rGO was made using a modified Hummers’ method. Alumina nanoparticles were used as received. Various epoxy nanocomposite samples with 1 wt% of rGO, 1 wt% of Ala, and 0.5 wt% each of rGO and Ala were created. Then, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM, AFM, and SEM were used to analyze the fillers and their hybrid and epoxy-based nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to examine the hybrid epoxy-based nanocomposites’ dynamic mechanical behavior. It has been demonstrated that different epoxy nanocomposites with 1 wt% Ala and 1 wt% rGO have higher elastic moduli than those with 0.5 wt% rGO and 0.5 wt% Ala. The rGO-Ala hybrid nanocomposites, on the other hand, exhibit moderate damping and glass transition temperatures. The reason for that may be because Ala filler increases the contact area between the rGO sheets and serves as a bridge between the two fillers, decreasing the resistance to deformation. This may enhance the possibility that these stress concentrations will weaken the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Benha, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Benha, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abd El-Moaty El-Hakeem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Benha, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Saleh Kaytbay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Benha, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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6
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Zhang Y, Lin F, Wu Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Song L. Synergistic flame retardant effect of cerium‐based
DOPO
derivative and intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | | | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
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7
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A crosslinked organic/inorganic functionalized graphene containing hybrid engineering to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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8
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A phosphorus-containing aliphatic amine curing agent towards intrinsic flame-retardant and smoke-suppressive epoxy resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Catalyst-free reprocessable, degradable and intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimer for carbon fiber reinforced composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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10
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Ou M, Lian R, Cui J, Guan H, Liu L, Jiao C, Chen X. Co-curing preparation of flame retardant and smoke-suppressive epoxy resin with a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137061. [PMID: 36328322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing ionic liquid derivatives have been proven to be effective flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP). Flame retardants can accelerate the curing process and improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP composites, which is challenging. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (TPP-PF6) was synthesized and used both as a co-curing agent with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and as a highly effective flame retardant for EP. It has been found that TPP-PF6 was conducive to improve the char formation of EP to inhibit the smoke release at high temperatures. For EP/TPP-PF6 composites, the flame-retardant performance was enhanced rapidly with the increase of TPP-PF6. With only 2 wt% of TPP-PF6, EP/2.0TPP-PF6 reached a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values of EP/2.0TPP-PF6 were reduced by 36.32%, 45.81%, and 15.1% compared with those of pure EP, respectively. The thermal degradation products and flame retardant mechanism in gas and condensed phases were studied. It was found that TPP-PF6 had flame retardant effect in the barrier effect of the condensed phase and the quenching effect of the gas phase. This work explores the high-efficiency flame retardant and smoke-suppressive structures with co-curing properties for EP, thus promoting the wide application of EP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Richeng Lian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Haocun Guan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
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11
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Wang J, Chen X, Wang J, Yang S, Chen K, Zhu L, Huo S, Song P, Wang H. High-performance, intrinsically fire-safe, single-component epoxy resins and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites based on two phosphorus-derived imidazoliums. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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The designation of highly efficient intrinsic fame-retarding epoxy materials via the regulation of the phosphorus and nitrogen content for the curing agents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Hua Y, Chen J, Liu J, Sun J, Gu X, Jiang S, Zhang S. Fabrication of a transparent, flame retardant, and antimicrobial epoxy resin by a novel phosphorus-containing Schiff base molecule. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Rao W, Tao J, Yang F, Wu T, Yu C, Zhao HB. Growth of copper organophosphate nanosheets on graphene oxide to improve fire safety and mechanical strength of epoxy resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137047. [PMID: 36336017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the high integration of electronic products in our daily life, high-performance epoxy resins (EP) with excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical strength are highly desired for applications. In this study, copper organophosphate nanosheets were evenly grown on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via a self-assembly process based on coordination bonding and electrostatic interactions. The resultant nanohybrid endowed EP with satisfactory flame retardant effect and improved mechanical properties. Incorporating functionalized nanosheets of merely 1 wt% loading, the impact strength of the EP nanocomposites improved by 147% when compared to 1% EP-GO. Additionally, the nanosheets inhibited the smoke and heat release of EP, and the limiting oxygen value of EP-EGOPC reached ∼29%. The mechanism analysis verified that the existence of organophosphate and copper-containing components associated with the physical barrier of GO promoted the hybrid aromatization of the char layer, thereby improving the fire safety of epoxy matrix. This research offers a new interfacial method for designing functional nanosheets with good interface compatibility and high flame-retardant efficiency in polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Rao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Feihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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15
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao W, Liu J, Long S, Wang D. Effects of flame retardants containing
POC
and
PC
structures on the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Long
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
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16
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Wang C, Huo S, Ye G, Shi Q, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. Phenylboronic acid-decorated ZrP nanosheets for enhancing fire resistance, smoke suppression, and water/acid/alkali tolerance of intumescent coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Wu Q, Xiao L, Chen J, Peng Z. Facile fabrication of high‐performance epoxy systems with superior mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wu
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Long Xiao
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Zhihe Peng
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
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18
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Ye G, Huo S, Wang C, Song P, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. Durable flame-retardant, strong and tough epoxy resins with well-preserved thermal and optical properties via introducing a bio-based, phosphorus-phosphorus, hyperbranched oligomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Wen Y, Chen C, Ye Y, Xue Z, Liu H, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Li D, Xie X, Mai YW. Advances on Thermally Conductive Epoxy-Based Composites as Electronic Packaging Underfill Materials-A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201023. [PMID: 35581925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integrated circuits industry has been continuously producing microelectronic components with ever higher integration level, packaging density, and power density, which demand more stringent requirements for heat dissipation. Electronic packaging materials are used to pack these microelectronic components together, help to dissipate heat, redistribute stresses, and protect the whole system from the environment. They serve an important role in ensuring the performance and reliability of the electronic devices. Among various packaging materials, epoxy-based underfills are often employed in flip-chip packaging. However, widely used capillary underfill materials suffer from their low thermal conductivity, unable to meet the growing heat dissipation required of next-generation IC chips with much higher power density. Many strategies have been proposed to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy, but its application as underfill materials with complex performance requirements is still difficult. In fact, optimizing the combined thermal-electrical-mechanical-processing properties of underfill materials for flip-chip packaging remains a great challenge. Herein, state-of-the-art advances that have been made to satisfy the key requirements of capillary underfill materials are reviewed. Based on these studies, the perspectives for designing high-performance underfill materials with novel microstructures in electronic packaging for high-power density electronic devices are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dequn Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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20
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Development of phosphorous-based melamine–vanillin imine precursor for flame-retardant polyurethane coating. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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22
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Synthesis of eugenol-based phosphorus-containing epoxy for enhancing the flame-retardancy and mechanical performance of DGEBA epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Chen B, Luo W, Lv J, Lin S, Zheng B, Zhang H, Chen M. A universal strategy toward flame retardant epoxy resin with ultra-tough and transparent properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Wang R, Zheng P, Li J, Sun J, Liu H, Li X, Liu Q. An Efficient Cross-Linked Phosphorus-Free Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37170-37179. [PMID: 36312400 PMCID: PMC9608374 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins (EPs) have been widely used due to their great physical and chemical properties, but their poor flame retardancy limits their further application. In this work, we synthesized a flame retardant containing nitrile groups and a double bond to improve the flame retardancy of EPs. In this way, multiple cross-linking reactions can occur in the EPs to confer better flame retardancy by a simple heat treatment. The UL-94 vertical combustion test, CCT, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test were used to characterize the flame retardant properties of the cross-linked flame retardant; the results show that with the 10 wt % addition of cross-linked flame retardant, the thermosets can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, the contents reached 20 wt %, and the peak heat release rate decreased 40% compared with neat EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Penglun Zheng
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Junwei Li
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Xue Li
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
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25
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Transparent, flame retardant, mechanically strengthened and low dielectric EP composites enabled by a reactive bio-based P/N flame retardant. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Flame-retardant single-component epoxy resin cured by benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene: Storage stability, curing behaviors and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Sun Y, Zhong S, Luo Q, Yu B, Song J, Tan D. A vanillin‐derived flame retardant based on 2‐aminopyrimidine for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
- College Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
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28
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Shi Q, Huo S, Wang C, Ye G, Yu L, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Yang B, Wei Y, Qiu Y, Ramakrishna S, Liu Y. A novel bio‐based, flame retardant and latent imidazole compound—Its synthesis and uses as curing agent for epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Yi Wei
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yiping Qiu
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
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30
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Epoxy Compositions with Reduced Flammability Based on DER-354 Resin and a Curing Agent Containing Aminophosphazenes Synthesized in Bulk Isophoronediamine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173592. [PMID: 36080667 PMCID: PMC9460727 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of an amine-containing epoxy resin curing agent by dissolving hexakis-[(4-formyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene in an excess of isophoronediamine was developed. The curing agent was characterized via NMR and IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and its rheological characteristics were studied. Compositions based on DER-354 epoxy resin and the synthesized curing agent with different amounts of phosphazene content were obtained. The rheological characteristics of these compositions were studied, followed by their curing. An improvement in several thermal (DSC), mechanical (compression, tension, and adhesion), and physicochemical (water absorption and water solubility) characteristics, as well as the fire resistance of the obtained materials modified with phosphazene, was observed, compared with unmodified samples. In particular, there was an improvement in adhesive characteristics and fire resistance. Thus, compositions based on a curing agent containing a 30% modifier were shown to fulfill the V-1 fire resistance category. The developed compositions can be processed by contact molding, winding, and resin transfer molding (RTM), and the resulting material is suitable for use in aircraft, automotive products, design applications, and home repairs.
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31
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Zhu S, Zheng T, Li F, Wang L, Jiang Q, Wei Y, Liu W. Synthesis of cyclotriphosphazene‐containing imidazole as a thermally latent hardener for epoxy resins and its application in carbon fiber reinforced composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province‐Ministry Joint) Donghua University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Tongtong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province‐Ministry Joint) Donghua University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Fan Li
- Research and Development Department Shanghai Yong Li Belting Co. Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Li Wang
- Research and Development Department Shanghai Yong Li Belting Co. Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yi Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province‐Ministry Joint) Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Shanghai High Performance Fibers and Composites Center (Province‐Ministry Joint) Donghua University Shanghai China
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32
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Cui J, Yu H, Li T, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Mao X, Qi C, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Tian L. Improvement of mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin by phosphorylated cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched polymeric flame retardants. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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33
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Zeng W, Wang X, Zhang Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Density Functional Theory Studies of Two Salt Cocrystals Containing Meldrum's Acid Group. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25132-25139. [PMID: 35910121 PMCID: PMC9330170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two salt cocrystals, C31H34N4O8 (DDD) and C17H20N2O8 (MDD), were synthesized and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. DDD is made up of one (C13H13O8)- anion, one (C9H11N2)+ cation, and one 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole molecule. MDD consists of one (C4H7N2)+ cation and one (C13H13O8)- anion. DDD and MDD belong to the monoclinic, P21/c space group and triclinic, P-1 space group, respectively. A 1D-chained structure of DDD was constituted by N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonds. However, a 1D-chained structure of MDD was bridged by N-H···O hydrogen bonds. Their density functional theory-optimized geometric structures with a B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set fit well with those of crystallographic studies. By calculating their thermodynamic properties, the correlation equations of C 0 p,m , S 0 m , H 0 m , and temperature T were obtained. By comparing the experimental electronic spectra with the calculated electronic spectra, it is found that the PBEPBE/6-311G(d,p) method can simulate the UV-Vis spectra of DDD and MDD. In addition, the fluorescence spectra in the EtOH solution analysis show that the yellowish-green emission occurs at 570 nm (λex = 310 nm) for DDD and the purplish-blue emission occurs at 454 nm (λex = 316 nm) for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yunju Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoinduced
Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, PR China
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34
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Wu P, Peng Y, Zhang X, Zhang G, Ran J, Xu M. Unsaturated polyester resin modified with a novel reactive flame retardant: effects on thermal stability and flammability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new reactive flame retardant (DTA), containing phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups was synthesized and applied to improve the flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester resin. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and combustion behaviors of UP/DTA thermosets were detected by thermogravimeric analysis (TG), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) test and cone calorimeter test. According to the research results, the addition of DTA contributed to improving the flame retardancy of UP. After adding 20 wt% DTA, the LOI of UP composite increased from 19.0% of the neat UP to 26.6%, and UL94 rating reached V-0. In addition, compared with pure UP, the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR), average heat release rate (av-HRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of UP/DTA-20 thermosetting material decreased by 44.0, 26.2 and 29.5%, respectively. In the gaseous phase, DTA decomposed to generate nitrogen-containing fragments with diluting effect and phosphorus-containing free radicals with quenching effect to inhibit the combustion. In the condensed phase, phosphaphenanthrene group of DTA decomposed to generate phosphorus-based compounds, which promoted the carbonization of the UP matrix and cooperated with triazine-trione group to increase the char yield. Therefore, DTA plays an important role in flame retardancy in the gas and condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piye Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
| | - Yongzhi Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450000 , PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan , 430205 , PR China
| | - Jiabing Ran
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University , Yichang 443002 , China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
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35
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Ma T, Li L, Mei C, Wang Q, Guo C. Synthesis of a vanillin‐based curing agent and its application in wood to improve dimensional stability and flame retardancy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Liping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Changtong Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Chuigen Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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36
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Wang F, Liao J, Yan L, Cai M. Facile Construction of Polypyrrole Microencapsulated Melamine-Coated Ammonium Polyphosphate to Simultaneously Reduce Flammability and Smoke Release of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122375. [PMID: 35745950 PMCID: PMC9229028 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique mono-component intumescent flame retardant, named PPy-MAPP, of which melamine-coated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) was microencapsulated by polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized and carefully characterized. The obtained PPy-MAPP was applied to epoxy resin (EP) for obtaining flame-retarded EP composites. The results show that PPy-MAPP imparts better flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties to EP compared to the same addition of MAPP. The EP composite with 15 wt% PPy-MAPP easily passes the UL94 V-0 rating and achieves an LOI value of 42.4%, accompanied by a 61.9% reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 73.9% reduction in total smoke production (TSP) when compared with pure EP. The char residue analysis shows that PPy-MAPP can promote a generation of more phosphorus-rich structures in the condensed phase that improve the integrity and intumescence of char against fire. The mechanical test indicates that PPy-MAPP has a less negative effect on the tensile strength and elastic modulus of epoxy resin due to the good compatibility between PPy-MAPP and the EP matrix, as supported by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. In this paper, these attractive features of PPy-MAPP provide a new strategy to prepare satisfactory flame retardant and super flame retarding EP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long Yan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-6365-0767
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37
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Yin Z, Chu F, Yu B, Wang B, Hu Y. Hierarchical Ti3C2Tx@BPA@PCL for flexible polyurethane foam capable of anti-compression, self-extinguishing and flame-retardant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:208-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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38
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Sun Q, Wang J, Meng X, Zhang J, Yan H. A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Wang H, He Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang D, Su F, Yao D, Zheng Y. Phosphorus/nitrogen compound and zinc hydroxystannate‐modified graphene oxide for efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yudeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Dechao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
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40
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Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from
DOPO
and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Zhi M, Yang X, Fan R, Yue S, Zheng L, Liu Q, He Y. A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Lyu B, Kou M, Gao D, Luo K, Ma J, Lin Y. Flame retardancy of carboxylated polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane modified layered double hydroxide in the process of leather fatliquoring. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lyu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Mengnan Kou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Dangge Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Kang Luo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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43
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Han X, Guo Y, Cai H, Li X, Ding J, Zhao X, Zhou H, Guo W, Huang W, Zhao T. Synergistic effects of a half‐cage and cage structure phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing
POSS
with tetrabutyl titanate on flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Xiang Li
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Jiangnan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Wantao Guo
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
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44
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Ai YF, Liu XD, Bai WB, Lin YC, Xie RR, Jian RK. From herbicide to flame retardant: The lamellar-like phosphorus-bridged amitrole toward high fire safety epoxy resin with light smoke and low toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132704. [PMID: 34715101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to alleviate the harmful impact of the flammability of epoxy resin on the environment, amitrole, a herbicide, has been converted to a novel flame retardant (PBA) with lamellar morphology through organophosphorus modification. This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP). EP containing 7.5 wt% PBA undergoes quick self-extinguishment upon ignition. This blend displays a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34%. More importantly, hazardous products (heat, smoke, toxic gases including CO/CO2) released during combustion of EP, are strongly suppressed in the presence of PBA. The mechanical properties of EP-PBA blends are comparable to those of virgin EP. The tensile strength of EP containing PBA is 90% of that of unmodified EP. The flexural strength of PBA blends is somewhat greater than that for EP containing no additive. A tactful strategy for the transformation of amitrole, a potential environmental contaminant to a benign flame retardant for polymers has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xin-Duo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Wei-Bin Bai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yu-Cai Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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45
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Pan YT, Qian L, Qin Z, Zhang W. Synthesis and performance of intrinsically flame-retardant, low-smoke biobased vinyl ester resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Mei F, Tian C, Li H, Huang S, Yu Q, Han Y, Wang Z. A novel nitrogen-containing DPO derivative as flame retardant and co-curing agent for epoxy resin. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengce Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hubo Li
- Qingdao Park Management Service Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxi Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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47
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Yu Z, Ma S, Liu Y, Su Y, Feng H, Li P, Dong Y, Tang Z, Zhang K, Zhu J. Facile synthesis of bio-based latent curing agent and its high-Tg epoxy network. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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Jiang X, Chu F, Zhou X, Li X, Jia P, Luo X, Hu Y, Hu W. Construction of bismaleimide resin with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties based on a novel DOPO-derived bismaleimide monomer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:629-641. [PMID: 35123215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It's known that the application of bismaleimide resins (BMI) is limited due to its brittleness and poor flame retardancy. A novel type of BMI monomer (MADQ) based on the typical phosphorus series flame retardant DOPO is designed to improve the fire safety of BMI. Besides, aliphatic long chain structure is introduced in MADQ, which is supposed to be conducive to reducing the rigidity of the BMI cross-linked network and thus to improve the toughness of BMI. It's seen that with the incorporation of 5.24 wt% MADQ, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of resultant BMI/MADQ-5 is reduced by 37.7% and 33.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, with modification of 1.07 wt% MADQ, BMI/MADQ-1 possesses UL-94V-0 rating. The relevant mechanism analysis reveals that the phosphaphenanthrene group in MADQ can exert flame retardancy effect both in condensed and gas phase. Besides, the impact strength of the BMI/MADQ is maximally increased by nearly 90.1%. Furthermore, the BMI/MADQ still maintains high tensile strength and thermal stability, which indicates the modification of MADQ did not deteriorate other properties of BMI. An innovative research idea and research basis for the preparation of intrinsic flame-retardant and toughened BMI is provided in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Xingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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49
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Feng Y, Wu W, Wang Z, Zhao T. POSS
‐modified ammonium polyphosphate for improving flame retardant of epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Feng
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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50
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Liu XD, Zheng XT, Dong YQ, He LX, Chen F, Bai WB, Lin YC, Jian RK. A novel nitrogen-rich phosphinic amide towards flame-retardant, smoke suppression and mechanically strengthened epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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