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Liu Y, Li X, Yin Y, Li Z, Yao H, Li Z, Li H. Design and Computational Validation of γ-Ray Shielding Effectiveness in Heavy Metal/Rare Earth Oxide-Natural Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2130. [PMID: 39125156 PMCID: PMC11314579 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study involved the preparation of natural rubber-based composites incorporating varying proportions of heavy metals and rare earth oxides (Sm2O3, Ta2O5, and Bi2O3). The investigation analyzed several parameters of the samples, including mass attenuation coefficients (general, photoelectric absorption, and scattering), linear attenuation coefficients (μ), half-value layers (HVLs), tenth-value layers (TVLs), mean free paths (MFPs), and radiation protection efficiencies (RPEs), utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4 and the WinXCom database across a gamma-ray energy spectrum of 40-150 keV. The study also compared the computational discrepancies among these measurements. Compared to rubber composites doped with single-component fillers, multi-component mixed shielding materials significantly mitigate the shielding deficiencies observed with single-component materials, thereby broadening the γ-ray energy spectrum for which the composites provide effective shielding. Subsequently, the simulation outcomes were juxtaposed with experimental data derived from a 133Ba (80 keV) γ-source. The findings reveal that the simulated results align closely with the experimental observations. When compared to the WinXCom database, the Geant4 software demonstrates superior accuracy in deriving radiation shielding parameters and notably enhances experimental efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yilin Yin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huisheng Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zenghe Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Heguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.)
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Xu L, Zhang X, Huang L, Yu J, Si Y, Ding B. Janus Dual Self-Strengthening Structure of Bi 2 O 3 /Gd 2 O 3 Nanofibrous Membranes for Superior X-Ray Shielding. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303012. [PMID: 37264771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bi2 O3 /rare earth oxide biphasic absorbers are attractive for high-efficiency X-ray shielding due to the complementary X-ray absorption effects. However, its application is severely hindered by poor interphasic contact. Here, a new Janus interface engineering strategy is reported for the construction of continuous and flexible Bi2 O3 /Gd2 O3 crystal nanofibrous membranes (FJNMs) with micro/nano dual self-strengthening interphasic adhesion. This strategy facilitates online micro-interlocking between Bi2 O3 /Gd2 O3 nanofibers and in situ nano-grain fusion between Bi2 O3 /Gd2 O3 crystals, significantly enhancing the adhesive strength at the Bi2 O3 /Gd2 O3 interface. Additionally, the synergistic shielding effect from Bi2 O3 /Gd2 O3 absorption and multiple reflections in Bi2 O3 and Gd2 O3 crystal lattices make the nanofibrous membranes a superior X-ray radiation barrier. The FJNMs demonstrate integrated features of exceptional X-ray shielding efficiency (91%-100%), robust interfacial adhesion (lap-shear strength >3.8 MPa), prominent flexibility, lightweight, and outstanding breathability. The design concepts of fibrosing biphasic absorber assemblies pave the way for asymmetrically assembling biphasic materials, setting the stage for a fundamental shift in next-generation radiation shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Liqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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Mahalingam S, Kwon DS, Kang SG, Kim J. Multicomponent X-ray Shielding Using Sulfated Cerium Oxide and Bismuth Halide Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:6045. [PMID: 37630298 PMCID: PMC10457930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is the most widely used X-ray-shielding material, but it is heavy (density ≈ 11.34 g/cm3) and toxic. Therefore, the replacement of Pb with lightweight, ecofriendly materials would be beneficial, and such materials would have applications in medicine, electronics, and aerospace engineering. However, the shielding ability of Pb-free materials is significantly lower than that of Pb itself. To maximize the radiation attenuation of non-Pb-based shielding materials, a high-attenuation cross-section, normal to the incoming X-ray direction, must be achieved. In this study, we developed efficient X-ray-shielding materials composed of sulfated cerium oxide (S-CeO2) and bismuth halides. Crucially, the materials are lightweight and mechanically flexible because of the absence of heavy metals (for example, Pb and W). Further, by pre-forming the doped metal oxide as a porous sponge matrix, and then incorporating the bismuth halides into the porous matrix, uniform, compact, and intimate composites with a high-attenuation cross-section were achieved. Owing to the synergetic effect of the doped metal oxide and bismuth halides, the resultant thin (approximately 3 mm) and lightweight (0.85 g·cm-3) composite achieved an excellent X-ray-shielding rate of approximately 92% at 60 kV, one of the highest values reported for non-heavy-metal shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Mahalingam
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Dae-Seong Kwon
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seok-Gyu Kang
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
- Institute of Energy Transport and Fusion Research, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Darukesha B, Radhakrishna V, Rajanna K. Suitability of nanoparticles for gamma-ray applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 191:110519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu L, Huang L, Yu J, Si Y, Ding B. Ultralight and Superelastic Gd 2O 3/Bi 2O 3 Nanofibrous Aerogels with Nacre-Mimetic Brick-Mortar Structure for Superior X-ray Shielding. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8711-8718. [PMID: 36315062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of X-rays has prompted a surge in demand for effective and wearable shielding materials. However, the Pb-containing materials currently used to shield X-rays are commonly bulky, hard, and biotoxic, severely limiting their applications in wearable scenarios. Inspired by the nacre, we report on ultralight, superelastic, and nontoxic X-ray shielding nanofibrous aerogels with microarch-engineered brick/mortar structure by combining polyurethane/Bi2O3 nanofibers (brick) and Gd2O3 nanosheets (mortar). The synergistic attenuation effect toward X-rays from the reflection of microarches and absorption of Bi/Gd elements significantly enhances the shielding efficiency of aerogels, and microarches/robust nanofibrous networks endow the materials with superelasticity. The resultant materials exhibit integrated properties of superior X-ray shielding efficiency (91-100%), ultralow density (52 mg cm-3), large stretchability of 800% reversible elongation, and high water vapor permeability (8.8 kg m-2 day-1). The fabrication of such novel aerogels paves the way for developing next-generation effective and wearable X-ray shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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Improvement X-ray radiation shield characteristics of composite cement/Titanium dioxide (TiO2)/Barium carbonate (BaCO3): Stability crystal structure and bonding characteristics. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen Y, Zhou J, Han Z, Li H, Yan L, Liao X, Shi B. Natural leather based gamma-ray shielding materials enabled by the coordination of well-dispersed Bi3+/Ba2+ ions and RE2O3 coating. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGamma rays is widely used in modern science and technology, but it may cause health damage to practitioners. In the present study, natural composites based on leather and high-Z elements (atomic number ≥ 56) were fabricated and used as gamma rays shielding materials. These shielding materials were prepared by coating rare earth nanoparticles (Er2O3 or La2O3) onto the surface of natural leather, which was first impregnated with Bi3+ and Ba2+. Results show that the attenuation efficiency of the prepared Er1.31Bi5.46-NL (1.31 and 5.46 mmol cm−3 loaded elements) with thickness of 3.2 mm was 61.57% for incident rays at 121.78 keV (152Eu) and reached 96.4% in the incident of 59.5 keV (241Am), which is comparable to that of 0.25-mm lead plate (54.54 mmol cm−3). In addition, these natural-leather-based shielding materials exhibited low density (approximately 1/10 of Pb), high strength and wearable behaviors.
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Bai Z, Wang X, Zheng M, Yue O, Xie L, Zha S, Dong S, Li T, Song Y, Huang M, Liu X. Leather for flexible multifunctional bio-based materials: a review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNowadays, diverse leather usage conditions and increasing demands from consumers challenge the leather industry. Traditional leather manufacturing is facing long-term challenges, including low-value threshold, confined application fields, and environmental issues. Leather inherits all the biomimetic properties of natural skin such as flexibility, sanitation, cold resistance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other cross-domain functions, achieving unremitting attention in multi-functional bio-based materials. Series of researches have been devoted to creating and developing leather-based flexible multi-functional bio-materials, including antibacterial leather, conductive leather, flame-retardant leather, self-cleaning leather, aromatic leather, and electromagnetic shielding leather. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the commonly used leather-based functional materials. Furthermore, the possible challenges for the development of functional leathers are proposed, and expected development directions of leather-based functional materials are discussed. This review may promote and inspire the emerging preparation and applications of leather for flexible functional bio-based materials.
Graphical Abstract
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El-Khatib AM, Shalaby TI, Antar A, Elsafi M. Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113908. [PMID: 35683205 PMCID: PMC9181843 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polymers have entered into many medical and industrial applications. This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro and nanoparticles of PbO for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of PbO microparticles (mPbO) and adding 10% and 50% PbO nanoparticles (nPbO), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested; on the other hand, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC was 0.8005 cm−1 for PP-10%nPbO and 0.6283 cm−1 for PP-10%mPbO while was 5.8793 cm−1 for PP-50%nPbO and 3.9268 cm−1 for PP-50%mPbO at 0.060 MeV. The LAC values have been converted to some specific values, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities for gamma-rays. The results of shielding parameters reveal that the PP embedded with nPbO gives better attenuation than its counterpart pp embedded with mPbO at all studied energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Thanaa I. Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Antar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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El-Khatib AM, Shalaby TI, Antar A, Elsafi M. Experimental Study of Polypropylene with Additives of Bi 2O 3 Nanoparticles as Radiation-Shielding Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112253. [PMID: 35683923 PMCID: PMC9182889 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro- and nanoparticles of Bi2O3 for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of Bi2O3 microparticles (mBi2O3) by weight, and adding 10% and 50% of Bi2O3 nanoparticles (nBi2O3), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested, and also, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental LAC were determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC values have been used to calculate some specific parameters, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE), which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities of gamma rays. The results of the shielding parameters show that the PP embedded with nBi2O3 gives better attenuation than its counterpart, PP embedded with mBi2O3, at all studied energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Thanaa I. Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Antar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Agrawal V, Paulose R, Arya R, Rajak G, Giri A, Bijanu A, Sanghi SK, Mishra D, N P, Khare AK, Parmar V, Khan MA, Bhisikar A, Srivastava AK, Thankaraj Salammal S. Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127507. [PMID: 34879512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30-60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Agrawal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rini Paulose
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Arya
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Gaurav Rajak
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Giri
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Bijanu
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunil K Sanghi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Mishra
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prasanth N
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Kumar Khare
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Parmar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohammed Akram Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhay Bhisikar
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, India
| | - Avanish Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shabi Thankaraj Salammal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Zarei M, Sina S, Hashemi SA. Superior X-ray radiation shielding of biocompatible platform based on reinforced polyaniline by decorated graphene oxide with interconnected tungsten–bismuth–tin complex. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Cosmic radiation belongs to the challenges engineers have to deal with when further developing space travel. Besides the severe risks for humans due to high-energy particles or waves, the impact of cosmic radiation on electronics and diverse materials cannot be neglected, even in microsatellites or other unmanned spacecraft. Here, we explain the different particles or waves found in cosmic radiation and their potential impact on biological and inanimate matter. We give an overview of fiber-based shielding materials, mostly applied in the form of composites, and explain why these materials can help shielding spaceships or satellites from cosmic radiation.
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Rashidi M, Rezaei A, Bijari S, Jaymand M, Samadian H, Arkan E, Zahabi SS, Hosseini M. Microfibers nanocomposite based on polyacrylonitrile fibers/bismuth oxide nanoparticles as X‐ray shielding material. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rashidi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Aram Rezaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Salar Bijari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Saleh Salehi Zahabi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department School of paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science Ayatollah Boroujerdi University Boroujerd Iran
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Wang X, Sun S, Zhu X, Guo P, Liu X, Liu C, Lei M. Application of amphoteric polymers in the process of leather post-tanning. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-021-00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the characteristics of controllable charge and environmental friendliness, amphoteric polymers can be used in post-tanning process to solve the problems that arise during leather making and are caused by the low absorption rate of single-charge chemicals, incompatibility with new tanning methods, and complex operation process. In this review, the structure, performance, and preparation of amphoteric polymers are reported. Then, the charge change of collagen during different tanning and pH treatments is introduced. Finally, the application and development of amphoteric polymers during the post-tanning process of leather making are discussed. This review has certain guiding significance to the preparation and application of amphoteric polymers for tanning system.
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16
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Li Q, Zhong R, Xiao X, Liao J, Liao X, Shi B. Lightweight and Flexible Bi@Bi-La Natural Leather Composites with Superb X-ray Radiation Shielding Performance and Low Secondary Radiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54117-54126. [PMID: 33201659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high-shielding, low secondary radiation, lightweight, flexible, and wearable X-ray protection material was prepared by coimpregnating La2O3 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles in natural leather (NL) with an additional Bi2O3 coating at the bottom surface of the leather. The prepared Bi28.2@Bi3.48La3.48-NL (28.2 and 3.48 mmol·cm-3 are the loading contents of elements) showed excellent X-ray shielding ability (65-100%) in a wide energy range of 20-120 keV with reduced scattered secondary radiation (30%). The bottom surface coating played a critical role in enhancing the X-ray attenuation and reducing the scattered secondary radiation by reflecting and deflecting incident X-ray photons. Excellent mechanical property with superb bending resistance of the NL matrix was properly maintained, and its tensile strength and tearing load were 15.39 MPa and 25.81 N·mm-1, respectively. This lightweight and wearable high-performance protection material can facilitate safety and comfortability during intensive activities of practitioners in the health care industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jiali Liao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xuepin Liao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bi Shi
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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