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Ma X, Kang N, Zhang Y, Min Y, Yang J, Ban D, Zhao W. Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression in Epoxy Resin Composites with Sulfur-Phosphorous Reactive Flame Retardant. Molecules 2023; 29:227. [PMID: 38202810 PMCID: PMC10780495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of massive amounts of toxic volatiles and smoke during combustion is a very serious problem facing epoxy resin (EP) composites. Therefore, flame retardants (FRs) can simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and reduce the release of smoke and fatal gases. Herein, a novel sulfur-phosphorous reactive flame retardant (SPMS) was synthesized for epoxy resin. The high efficiency of smoke suppression and flame retardancy of the EP/SPMS-APP hybrid was investigated using a cone calorimeter, a vertical burning test, and limited oxygen index measurements. Compared with those of pure EP, the composite with 20 wt% SPMS-APP reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the peak smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production rate (TSR) by 82%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. The results showed a remarkable suppressed effect of alleviating the fire hazard of EP using a sulfur-phosphorus flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ni Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yonghang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yang Min
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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2
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Qi P, Chen F, Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhu T, Sun J, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Environmental benign foam finishing with a hyperbranched polyphosphonate flame retardant for polyethylene terephthalate fabric. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137892. [PMID: 36657581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is still a big challenge for textile industry in improving fire resistance and reducing melt dripping with minimal loss on the physical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics. In this work, a highly-effective hyperbranched flame retardant (DT) was first synthesized by ester exchange without using any organic solvent. Then, the DT foam was prepared and blade coated on PET fabric to improve the fire performance. The prepared PET fabric with only 2.7% weight gain of DT was self-extinguished and did not produce any molten dripping during the vertical flammable test. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the PET fabric sample with 19.4% DT were decreased by 42.0% and 57.1%, respectively compared with that of the control PET. Besides, the as-prepared PET fabric sample showed better physical properties such as breaking strength, vapor permeability, air permeability, antistatic property, and softness than the control PET fabric sample. The DT foam finishing process did not involve any organic solvent and consumed less water and energy compared with conventional fabric treatments. It is expected that this work provides a facile and eco-friendly strategy for fabricating flame retardant PET fabric with excellent comprehensive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Yuchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Yichong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China.
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3
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Gu W, Wei L, Ma T, Wu Y, Zhang A, Wei J, Wang R. Carbon Dots as smoke suppression agents for the reduction of CO release in combustion and improvement of UV resistance towards Phosphorus-containing polyester. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Wang J, Wang X, Chu Z, Liu J, Long S, Xu S, Wang D, Wang J, Liu Z. Study of the effect of different functionalized magnesium hydroxide prepared by mechanochemical method on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Long
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou People's Republic of China
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5
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Yang T, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Ma B, He Y. Flame‐retardant polyamide 56 with high fire safety and good thermal performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotechnology Incorporation Shanghai China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Bomou Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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Shi Z, Yu R, Lou S, Li N, Liu J, Xing H, Ma L, Li M, Tang T. A new strategy for constructing polypropylene composite foams with excellent ablation resistance and flame retardancy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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A novel flame-retardant system toward polyester fabrics: flame retardant, anti-dripping and smoke suppression. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Flame-Retardation of Thermoplastic Polyesters via Cyclotetramerization from Phthalonitrile to Phthalocyanine: Pyrolysis Processes and Fire Behaviour. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Wu D, Wang X, Yu J, Yuan R, Li F. A phosphorus-containing flame retardant with thermal feature suitable for polyamide 6 and its filaments with enhanced anti-dripping performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhu K, Jiang Z, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Wang J, Ren A. Preparation and thermal cross-linking mechanism of co-polyester fiber with flame retardancy and anti-dripping by in situ polymerization. RSC Adv 2021; 12:168-180. [PMID: 35424466 PMCID: PMC8978624 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on polyester flame retardants and anti-droplet modifications in recent years. The conventional methods used to improve the effectiveness of the anti-droplet modifications usually involve improving the melt fluidity and the combustion char formation through reactive cross-linking. However, these methods, while reducing the droplets, may produce more smoke. This study proposes a combustion cross-linking method which avoids the droplet and flame retardancy synergistic modification problem. Based on the flame retardancy of polyester, anti-droplet properties were realized using a collaborative cross – linking structure formed by a phosphorus – containing flame – retardant group and acid silicon solvent to achieve a flame retardant and anti-droplets result. The results show that the phosphorus–silicon copolyester presents an enhancement effect for flame retardancy, confirmed by obvious reductions in the peak value of heat release rate (78.4%) and total heat release (44.2%). Meanwhile, the total smoke release and smoke product rate of phosphorus–silicon copolyester are decreased by 45.1% and 41.5%, respectively. And the phosphorus–silicon copolyester has a high LOI value of 34.8 ± 0.1% and UL-94 is V-0 rating with superior anti-dripping performance. Flame retardancy index (FRI) of the copolyesters containing phosphorus–silica are up to 4.3093 (good flame retardancy). Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed for qualitative analysis of network formation by the aid of Cure Index (CI) dimensionless criterion. It was observed that the acidic silica led to Excellent cure situation. The TG-DSC, XPS, and FTIR results validate the thermal cross-linking ability of the copolymer due to the synergistic cross-linking effect between the self-cross-linking characteristic of the catalysed acidic silica sol containing the phosphorus flame retardant. The SEM-EDX and Raman results further verify the effectiveness of the condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism. Phosphorus–silicon copolyester has good spinnability, flame retardancy and anti-droplets properties. Which provides a simple method for preparing polyester by using this combustion synergistic crosslinking effect to achieve flame retardant and anti-dripping modification of copolymers. Scheme of proposed thermal cross-linking mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China .,Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 PR China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Jiangsu Guowanggaoke Fiber Co., Ltd Suzhou 215228 PR China
| | - Alex Ren
- Shanghai Rongteng Packing Service Co., Ltd Shanghai 201620 PR China
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Li B, Zhu Y, Wang X, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Ma Y, Sui X, Wang B, Feng X, Mao Z. Synthesis and application of poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres for enhancing flame retardancy of poly (ethylene terephthalate). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Li
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yimeng Ma
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Bijia Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xueling Feng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology Donghua University Shanghai China
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12
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Flame-retardant and anti-dripping coating for PET fabric with hydroxyl-containing cyclic phosphoramide. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Yin XW, Xue J, Wang XL, Wang YZ. High fire-safety phosphorus-containing polyethylene terephthalate with well-balanced comprehensive performances by reactive blending with liquid crystalline copolyester. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211028881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With increased public awareness of fire-safety, flame retardant materials have been widely used and developed. Among them, a polyester called CPET, synthesized by the copolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid, has a good fire-safety and has been employed in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. However, the fabricated fiber made of CPET simultaneously possessing good flame retardancy and mechanical properties is a dilemma. Herein, we resolve this problem through the reactive blending of CPET with a type of thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (PPDT) and subsequently solid-state polymerization (SSP). Thus, the fire-safety of the CPET/PPDTSSP blend improves greatly. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release decrease by 31.2%, 16.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, compared with those of CPET. Meanwhile, the CPET/PPDTSSP shows better crystallization and mechanical properties than CPET. The strength at yield and Young’s modulus of CPET/PPDTSSP increase by 20.0% and 15.8%, respectively. This blend shows great potential in the fabrication of fire-safety fibers with high strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Yin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MOE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences (IFFS), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MOE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MOE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen L, Guo Y, Fu T, Zhao HB, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Targeted Copolymerization in Amorphous Regions for Constructing Crystallizable Functionalized Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Teng Fu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Thermally induced end-group-capturing as an eco-friendly and general method for enhancing the fire safety of semi-aromatic polyesters. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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