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Li H, Zhu L, Weng Z, Fu H, Liu J, Mao Q, Li W, Ding B, Cao Y. Sesamin attenuates UVA-induced keratinocyte injury via inhibiting ASK-1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:316-325. [PMID: 37545137 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) exposure-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in keratinocytes is a crucial factor in skin aging. Phytochemicals have become widely popular for protecting the skin from UV-induced cell injury. Sesamin (SSM) has been shown to play a role in extensive pharmacological activity and exhibit photoprotective effects. AIM To assess the protective effect of SSM on UVA-irradiated keratinocytes and determine its potential antiphotoaging effect. METHODS HaCaT keratinocytes pretreated with SSM were exposed to UVA radiation at 8 J/cm2 for 10 min. Cell viability and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits. Apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were analyzed using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propyridine iodide and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. Protein levels of matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), MMP-9, Bax/Bcl-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins, phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (p-ASK-1)/ASK-1, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, and p-p38/p38 were determined using western blotting. RESULTS Sesamin showed no cytotoxicity until 160 μmol/L on human keratinocytes. Sesamin pretreatment (20 and 40 μM) reversed the suppressed cell viability, increased LDH release and MDA content, decreased cellular antioxidants GSH and SOD, and elevated intracellular ROS levels, which were induced by UVA irradiation. Additionally, SSM inhibited the expression of Bax, MMP-1, and MMP-9 and stimulated Bcl-2 expression. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, we demonstrated that SSM inhibits the phosphorylation of ASK-1, JNK, and p38. CONCLUSION The results suggest that SSM attenuates UVA-induced keratinocyte injury by inhibiting the ASK-1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Weng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjie Fu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Mao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Xing Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Lin X, Li J, Liu P, Lee HK, Huang Z. The sources and bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived foods and the potential risk of dietary intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167313. [PMID: 37742961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have attracted increasing attention due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. Diet is one of the main routes of human exposure to PFAS, particularly through the consumption of animal-derived foods (e.g., aquatic products, livestock and poultry, and products derived from them). This review summarizes the source, bioaccumulation, and distribution of PFAS in animal-derived foods and key influential factors. In most environmental media, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate are the dominant PFAS, with the levels of short-chain PFAS such as perfluorobutyric acid and perfluorohexane sulfonate surpassing them in some watersheds and coastal areas. The presence of PFAS in environmental media is mainly influenced by suspended particulate matter, microbial communities as well as temporal and spatial factors, such as season and location. Linear PFAS with long carbon chains (C ≥ 7) and sulfonic groups tend to accumulate in organisms and contribute significantly to the contamination of animal-derived foods. Furthermore, PFAS, due to their protein affinity, are prone to accumulate in the blood and protein-rich tissues such as the liver and kidney. Species differences in PFAS bioaccumulation are determined by diet, variances in protein content in the blood and tissues and species-specific activity of transport proteins. Carnivorous fish usually show higher PFAS accumulation than omnivorous fish. Poultry typically metabolize PFAS more rapidly than mammals. PFAS exposures in the processing of animal-derived foods are also attributable to the migration of PFAS from food contact materials, especially those in higher-fat content foods. The human health risk assessment of PFAS exposure from animal-derived foods suggests that frequent consumption of aquatic products potentially engender greater risks to women and minors than to adult males. The information and perspectives from this review would help to further identify the toxicity and migration mechanism of PFAS in animal-derived foods and provide information for food safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Lin X, Xing Y, Chen H, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Li J, Lee HK, Huang Z. Characteristic and health risk of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from cosmetics via dermal exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122685. [PMID: 37804905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 45 cosmetic samples were collected from China, and 27 target per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. PFAS were found in all samples, including the products marketed for pregnant women, and the total concentrations of PFAS measured in each sample were in the range of 4.05 - 94.9 ng/g. Short-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids were the dominant compounds contributing to over 60% of the total content. Perfluorobutanoic acid, with high placental transfer efficiency, was the major PFAS in cosmetics for pregnant women. Three emerging PFAS, 2-perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid, 3-perfluoropentyl propanoic acid (5:3) and perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid, were also identified in the cosmetic samples at quantifiable levels. Significantly, positive correlations between individual PFAS were observed, indicating that there may be a common source for PFAS in these samples. Statistical analyses suggested that using plastic containers and precursor substances may be potential sources of PFAS in terminal products, and product aging may increase PFAS levels. From the PFAS analysis of the cosmetics, the margin of safety (MoS) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated to assess human health risks through dermal exposure by using these products. Although the MoS and HQ values obtained were deemed acceptable, the cumulative effect caused by composite and long-term exposure to these contaminants needs to be given greater attention by health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yudong Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Liu T, Xia Q, Lv Y, Wang Z, Zhu S, Qin W, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang X, Zhao Z, Ma H, Jia L, Zhang H, Xu Z, Li N. ErZhiFormula prevents UV-induced skin photoaging by Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling: An in vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:115935. [PMID: 36414213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE ErZhiFormula (EZF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formulation. It can be used to treat liver and kidney yin deficiency, dizziness, lumbar debility, insomnia, nocturnal emission, lower extremity weakness, and other aging-related diseases. However, the protective effect of EZF in skin photoaging and its potential mechanism has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the role of EZF in the skin photoaging mechanism induced by UV radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to identify the fingerprint of EZF. The mice were irradiated with UVA and UVB to establish the photoaging model in vivo. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were irradiated with UVB to establish the photoaging model in vitro. The activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 and LDH kits, the level of reactive oxygen species was detected by DCF fluorescent probe, and the apoptosis was detected by PE annexin V and 7-Amino-Actinomycin (7-AAD) staining. Comet assay was used to detect cell DNA damage. The antioxidant enzyme levels in cell and mouse serum were detected by antioxidant kit, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression. RESULTS We found that EZF contain many active ingredients, including salidroside, specnuezhenide, isoquercitrin, etc. EZF can improve the photoaging of HaCaT cells and mouse skin caused by UV radiation. The results of animal experiments are consistent with those of cell experiments. Combined with Western blot analysis, we found that EZF finally played an anti-skin photoaging role by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS EZF can protect skin from UV-induced photoaging by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signal pathway. EZF may become a traditional Chinese medicine with the potential to prevent skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - QingMei Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingshuang Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenxiao Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Linlin Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zongpei Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Dickman RA, Aga DS. A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129120. [PMID: 35643010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fate, effects, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), an anthropogenic class of chemicals used in industrial and commercial production, are topics of great interest in recent research and news cycles. This interest stems from the ubiquity of PFAS in the global environment as well as their significant toxicological effects in humans and wildlife. Research on toxicity, sequestration, removal, and degradation of PFAS has grown rapidly, leading to a flood of valuable knowledge that can get swamped out in the perpetual rise in the number of publications. Selected papers from the Journal of Hazardous Materials between January 2018 and May 2022 on the toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of PFAS are reviewed in this article and made available as open-access publications for one year, in order to facilitate the distribution of critical knowledge surrounding PFAS. This review discusses routes of toxicity as observed in mammalian and cellular models, and the observed human health effects in exposed communities. Studies that evaluate of toxicity through in-silico approaches are highlighted in this paper. Removal of PFAS through modified carbon sorbents, nanoparticles, and anion exchange materials are discussed while comparing treatment efficiencies for different classes of PFAS. Finally, various biotic and abiotic degradation techniques, and the pathways and mechanisms involved are reviewed to provide a better understanding on the removal efficiencies and cost effectiveness of existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dickman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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Liang L, Pan Y, Bin L, Liu Y, Huang W, Li R, Lai KP. Immunotoxicity mechanisms of perfluorinated compounds PFOA and PFOS. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132892. [PMID: 34780734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds (PFASs) are a class of synthetic chemical substances that are widely used in human production and life, such as fire-fighting foams, textiles and clothing, surfactants, and surface protective agents. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the most abundant and common perfluorinated compounds in biota and humans. Currently, PFOA and PFOS have been listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and their production has been halted in many countries. However, because the high-energy carbon-fluorine bond can make it resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation, and vertebrate metabolism, PFOA and PFOS show environmental persistence and bioaccumulation and hence, are of great concern to humans and wildlife. PFOA and PFOS have toxic effects on the immune system of the body. This article reviewed the effects of PFOA and PFOS on immune organs such as the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus of mice and zebrafish, and the effects on non-specific immune functions such as the skin barrier, intestinal mucosal barrier, and humoral immunity. We also reviewed the influence of specific immune functions based on cellular immunity, and further summarized the possible immune toxicity mechanisms such as AIM2 inflammasome activation, gene dysregulation, and signal pathway disorders caused by PFOA and PFOS. The aim of this review was to provide a reference for further understanding of the immunotoxicity and the responsible mechanism of PFOA and PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Liang
- School of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Yongling Pan
- School of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Lihua Bin
- School of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Lingui Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China.
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