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Guo T, Pan K, Chen Y, Tian Y, Deng J, Li J. When aerobic granular sludge faces emerging contaminants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167792. [PMID: 37838059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of emerging contaminants (ECs) has caused greater requirements and challenges to the current biological wastewater treatment technology. As one of the most promising biological treatment technologies, the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process also faces the challenge of ECs. This study summarizes the recent progress and characteristics of several representative ECs (persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, and microplastics) in AGS systems that have garnered widespread attention. Additionally, the biodegradation and adsorption mechanisms of ECs were discussed, and the interactions between various ECs and AGS was elucidated. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances for the stabilization of AGS and the removal of ECs is also discussed. Knowledge gaps and future research directions that may enable the practical application of AGS are highlighted. Overall, AGS processes show great application potential and this review provides guidance for the future implementation of AGS technology as well as elucidating the mechanism of its interaction with ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Ding C, Chen LB, Yu LP, Wang R, Yuan LJ, Wang L, Deng LW. Applying sheet iron to enhance the treatment efficiency of digested effluent with continuous flow and the corresponding mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139912. [PMID: 37611761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Because of the unstable wastewater quantity and quality, the biological treatment efficiency of digested effluent was not as expected. A convenient and effective way was eagerly required to improve the efficiency of biological treatment. By sheet iron addition (R1), the COD and TN removal efficiencies under continuous flow condition increased by 59% and 37% respectively. The bulk pH maintained at around 7.5 which benefited most bacteria, while in the control (R0, without sheet iron addition) the pH decreased to 5.0. Both chemical and bio-removal of COD existed in R1, but the chemical removal dominated (63.71%). The enhanced COD removal efficiency came from the chemical oxidation by Fe3+ (47.43%) and Fe0 (10.86%). For the TN removal, the enhancement mainly came from the improvement of anammox activity by Fe3+ (14.87%), the bio-oxidation of ammonium with Fe3+ as electron acceptor (8.78%), and the bio-reduction of nitrate/nitrite with Fe2+ and H2 as electron donor (35.76%). By the first-order kinetic fitting analysis, the COD and TN removal rate in R1 was higher than that in R0. Thus, for a quick and high COD and TN removal from digested effluent, the addition of Fe0/Fe2+/Fe3+ was suggested, and the best form should be Fe0 (e.g., sheet iron). The addition of sheet iron reduces the cost of nitrogen removal and improves the efficiency of COD and TN removal. Comparing with the combined processes, this novel approach has potential advantages with simple operation and high efficiency. It endows the biological process much broader application in digested effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Li-Bin Chen
- Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- Shuifa Technology Group Co. Ltp, Jinan, 250000, PR China.
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Lin-Jiang Yuan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Liang-Wei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Zhang C, Tian H, Wang Z, Zhu L, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun Y. Degradation of PAHs in soil by activated persulfate system with activated carbon supported iron-based bimetal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161323. [PMID: 36603632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a material of activated carbon (AC)-supported highly active iron-based bimetal (iron-copper bimetal/AC, Fe-Cu/AC) with high efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation in soil by activating persulfate, benefiting from the synergistic effect that the characteristics of AC with porous carbon backbone, multiple active functional groups, high loading capacity and the characteristics of FeCu bimetal with high activity. The addition of Cu to the Fe-based/AC activator not only improved the dispersibility of Fe particles but also maintained the stability of the metal in the Fe-Cu/AC. The thermal activation (50 °C) promoted the degradation of PAHs by the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system. Of the various systems tested, the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system had the best degradation efficiency for 19 PAHs, with the overall efficiency following the order of Fe-Cu/AC + S2O82- > Fe-Cu + S2O82- > Fe-Cu/AC > S2O82-. The degradation mechanism of the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system on soil PAHs showed that OH, OOH, and SO4- were the main active groups involved in the degradation of target PAHs. The target pollutants and their degradation products in the Fe-Cu/AC-activated S2O82- system indicated specific exposure pathways, providing a theoretical basis for the remediation of PAH-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huifang Tian
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingshuang Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Research Center for Advanced Energy and Carbon Neutrality, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Kazimierowicz J, Dębowski M, Zieliński M. Technological, Ecological, and Energy-Economic Aspects of Using Solidified Carbon Dioxide for Aerobic Granular Sludge Pre-Treatment Prior to Anaerobic Digestion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4234. [PMID: 36901245 PMCID: PMC10002249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The technology of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) seems prospective in wastewater bio-treatment. The characteristics as well as compactness and structure of AGS have been proved to significantly affect the effectiveness of thus far deployed methods for sewage sludge processing, including anaerobic digestion (AD). Therefore, it is deemed necessary to extend knowledge on the possibilities of efficient AGS management and to seek viable technological solutions for methane fermentation of sludge of this type, including by means of using the pre-treatment step. Little is known about the pre-treatment method with solidified carbon dioxide (SCO2), which can be recovered in processes of biogas upgrading and enrichment, leading to biomethane production. This study aimed to determine the impact of AGS pre-treatment with SCO2 on the efficiency of its AD. An energy balance and a simplified economic analysis of the process were also carried out. It was found that an increasing dose of SCO2 applied in the pre-treatment increased the concentrations of COD, N-NH4+, and P-PO43- in the supernatant in the range of the SCO2/AGS volume ratios from 0.0 to 0.3. No statistically significant differences were noted above the latter value. The highest unit yields of biogas and methane production, reaching 476 ± 20 cm3/gVS and 341 ± 13 cm3/gVS, respectively, were obtained in the variant with the SCO2/AGS ratio of 0.3. This experimental variant also produced the highest positive net energy gain, reaching 1047.85 ± 20 kWh/ton total solids (TS). The use of the higher than 0.3 SCO2 doses was proved to significantly reduce the pH of AGS (below 6.5), thereby directly diminishing the percentage of methanogenic bacteria in the anaerobic bacterial community, which in turn contributed to a reduced CH4 fraction in the biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kazimierowicz
- Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Zieliński
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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Biohythane Production in Hydrogen-Oriented Dark Fermentation of Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) Pretreated with Solidified Carbon Dioxide (SCO 2). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054442. [PMID: 36901872 PMCID: PMC10003144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Though deemed a prospective method, the bioconversion of organic waste to biohydrogen via dark fermentation (DF) has multiple drawbacks and limitations. Technological difficulties of hydrogen fermentation may, in part, be eliminated by making DF a viable method for biohythane production. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a little-known organic waste spurring a growing interest in the municipal sector; its characteristics indicate the feasibility of its use as a substrate for biohydrogen production. The major goal of the present study was to determine the effect of AGS pretreatment with solidified carbon dioxide (SCO2) on the yield of H2 (biohythane) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). It was found that an increasing dose of SCO2 caused an increase in concentrations of COD, N-NH4+, and P-PO43- in the supernatant at the SCO2/AGS volume ratios from 0 to 0.3. The AGS pretreatment at SCO2/AGS ratios within the range of 0.1-0.3 was shown to enable the production of biogas with over 8% H2 (biohythane) content. The highest yield of biohythane production, reaching 481 ± 23 cm3/gVS, was obtained at the SCO2/AGS ratio of 0.3. This variant produced 79.0 ± 6% CH4 and 8.9 ± 2% H2. The higher SCO2 doses applied caused a significant decrease in the pH value of AGS, modifying the anaerobic bacterial community to the extent that diminished anaerobic digestion performance.
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