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Yang H, Qian Z, Zhang S, Peng T, Li J, Meng S, Mao A, Hu Z. Efficient bioremediation of multiple steroid hormones by halotolerant 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase derived from moderately halophilic Pontibacillus chungwhensis HN14. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:296. [PMID: 39122994 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones exhibit potent endocrine disrupting activity and have been shown to disrupt the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and pose a threat to public health through their persistent and carcinogenic effects. Pontibacillus chungwhensis HN14, a moderately halophilic bacterium with the capacity to effectively degrade various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants, was previously isolated. Additionally, the strain HN14 showed strong environmental adaptability under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, the steroid degradation by strain HN14 was studied for the first time. We demonstrated that strain HN14 could degrade estradiol (E2) to maintain the growth of the strain and could convert E2 to estrone. Additionally, the efficient substrate degradation efficiency of P. chungwhensis HN14 under high salinity and high substrate concentration conditions was demonstrated. Furthermore, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-HSD(HN14), was identified in strain HN14. Comparative analysis reveals that 17β-HSD(HN14) shares approximately 38% sequence identity with 17β-HSDx from Rhodococcus sp. P14. In addition, 100 µg of purified 17β-HSD(HN14) could effectively convert about 40% of 0.25 mM of E2 within 1 h period, with an enzyme activity of 17.5 U/mg, and catalyze the dehydrogenation of E2 and testosterone at the C-17 position. The characterization of purified enzyme properties reveals that 17β-HSD(HN14) exhibits exceptional structural robustness and enzymatic efficacy even under high salinity conditions of up to 20%. Overall, this study enhances our comprehension of steroid biodegradation in strain HN14 and contributes novel ideas and theoretical underpinnings for advancing bioremediation technologies targeting steroid pollution in high-saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Mao
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Research Center of Offshore Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
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Prakash C, Kumar V, Chaturvedi V. Efficient removal of endocrine disrupting compounds 17 α-ethynyl estradiol and 17 β-estradiol by Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7 and elucidation of the degradation pathway by HRAMS analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:218. [PMID: 37269502 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increased population and their overuse, estrogens are being detected in the environment at alarming levels. They act as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC's) posing adverse effects on animals and humans. In this study, a strain belonging to Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7 was recovered from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) situated in Varanasi city, U.P., India, and was capable of metabolizing both 17 α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17 β-Estradiol (E2) separately as a sole carbon source. The strain BHUBP7 exhibited high rates of E2 degradation as compared to EE2 degradation. The degradation of E2 (10 mg/L) was 94.3% after four days of incubation, whereas the degradation of EE2 (10 mg/L) under similar conditions was 98% after seven days of incubation. The kinetics of EE2 and E2 degradation fitted well with the first-order reaction rate. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of functional groups like C = O, C-C, C-OH during the degradation process. The metabolites generated during degradation of EE2 and E2 were identified using HRAMS and a plausible pathway was elucidated. It was observed that metabolism of both E2 and EE2 proceeded with the formation of estrone, which was then hydroxylated to 4-hydroxy estrone, followed by ring opening at the C4-C5 position, and was further metabolized by the 4,5 seco pathway leading to the formation of 3-(7a-methyl-1,5-dioxooctahydro-1H-inden-4-yl) propanoic acid (HIP). It is the first report on the complete pathway of EE2 and E2 degradation in Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7. Moreover, the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during the degradation of EE2 and E2 was observed. It was concluded that both hormones elicited the generation of oxidative stress in the bacterium during the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Venkatesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India.
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Shi H, Hu X, Zhang J, Li W, Xu J, Hu B, Ma L, Lou L. Soil minerals and organic matters affect ARGs transformation by changing the morphology of plasmid and bacterial responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131727. [PMID: 37257383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil environment is a vital place for the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Extracellular DNA-mediated transformation is an important pathway for ARGs horizontal transfer and widely exists in soil environment. However, little information is available on how common soil components affect ARGs transformation. Here, three minerals (quartz, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) and three organic matters (humic acid, biochar, and soot) were selected as typical soil components. A small amount in suspension (0.2 g/L) of most soil components (except for quartz and montmorillonite) promoted transformant production by 1.1-1.6 folds. For a high amount (8 g/L), biochar significantly promoted transformant production to 1.5 times, kaolinite exerted a 30 % inhibitory effect. From the perspective of plasmid, biochar induced a higher proportion of supercoiled plasmid than kaolinite; more dissolved organic matter and metal ions facilitated plasmid aggregation under the near-neutral pH, thus promoted transformation. As for the influence of materials on recipient, although biochar and kaolinite both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and membrane permeability, biochar up-regulated more ROS related genes, resulting in intracellular ROS production and up-regulating the expression of carbohydrate metabolism and transformation related genes. While kaolinite inhibited transformation mainly by causing nutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Liping Ma
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China.
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Miao L, Sun S, Ma T, Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah Y, Wang Y, Mi Y, Yan H, Sun G, Hou N, Zhao X, Li C, Zang H. A Novel Estrone Degradation Gene Cluster and Catabolic Mechanism in Microbacterium oxydans ML-6. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0148922. [PMID: 36847539 PMCID: PMC10057884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01489-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global-scale estrone (E1) contamination of soil and aquatic environments results from the widespread use of animal manure as fertilizer, threatening both human health and environmental security. A detailed understanding of the degradation of E1 by microorganisms and the associated catabolic mechanism remains a key challenge for the bioremediation of E1-contaminated soil. Here, Microbacterium oxydans ML-6, isolated from estrogen-contaminated soil, was shown to efficiently degrade E1. A complete catabolic pathway for E1 was proposed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), genome sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). In particular, a novel gene cluster (moc) associated with E1 catabolism was predicted. The combination of heterologous expression, gene knockout, and complementation experiments demonstrated that the 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (MocA; a single-component flavoprotein monooxygenase) encoded by the mocA gene was responsible for the initial hydroxylation of E1. Furthermore, to demonstrate the detoxification of E1 by strain ML-6, phytotoxicity tests were performed. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the diversity of E1 catabolism in microorganisms and suggest that M. oxydans ML-6 and its enzymes have potential applications in E1 bioremediation to reduce or eliminate E1-related environmental pollution. IMPORTANCE Steroidal estrogens (SEs) are mainly produced by animals, while bacteria are major consumers of SEs in the biosphere. However, the understanding of the gene clusters that participate in E1 degradation is still limited, and the enzymes involved in the biodegradation of E1 have not been well characterized. The present study reports that M. oxydans ML-6 has effective SE degradation capacity, which facilitates the development of strain ML-6 as a broad-spectrum biocatalyst for the production of certain desired compounds. A novel gene cluster (moc) associated with E1 catabolism was predicted. The 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (MocA; a single-component flavoprotein monooxygenase) identified in the moc cluster was found to be necessary and specific for the initial hydroxylation of E1 to generate 4-OHE1, providing new insight into the biological role of flavoprotein monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaozu Mi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haohao Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Peng W, Lin S, Deng Z, Liang R. Bioaugmentation removal and microbiome analysis of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol from hostile conditions and environmental samples by Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137893. [PMID: 36690257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic estrogens are emerging environmental contaminants with great estrogenic activities and stable structures that are widespread in various ecological systems and significantly threaten the health of organisms. Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3 is reported to degrade the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) efficiently in laboratory conditions. In this work, the environmental adaptability, the EE2-degrading properties, and the ecological effects of P. citronellolis SJTE-3 under different hostile conditions (heavy metals and surfactants) and various natural environment samples (solid soil, lake water, and pig manure) were studied. Strain SJTE-3 can tolerate high concentrations of Zn2+ and Cr3+, but is relatively sensitive to Cu2+. Tween 80 of low concentration can significantly promote EE2 degradation by strain SJTE-3, different from the repressing effect of Triton X-100. High concentration of Tween 80 prolonged the lagging phase of EE2-degrading process, while the final EE2 removal efficiency was improved. More importantly, strain SJTE-3 can grow normally and degrade estrogen stably in various environmental samples. Inoculation of strain SJTE-3 removed the intrinsic synthetic and natural estrogens (EE2 and estrone) in lake water samples in 4 days, and eliminated over 90% of the amended 1 mg/L EE2 in 2 days. Bioaugmentation of strain SJTE-3 in EE2-supplied solid soil and pig manure samples achieved a removal rate of over 55% and 70% of 1 mg/kg EE2 within 2 weeks. Notably, the bioaugmentation of extrinsic strain SJTE-3 had a slight influence on indigenous bacterial community in pig manure samples, and its relative abundance decreased significantly after EE2 removal. Amendment of EE2 or strain SJTE-3 in manure samples enhanced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, implying their potential in utilizing EE2 or its metabolites. These findings not only shed a light on the environment adaptability and degradation efficiency of strain SJTE-3, but also provide insights for bioremediation application in complex and synthetic estrogen polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Peng W, Wang Y, Fu Y, Deng Z, Lin S, Liang R. Characterization of the Tellurite-Resistance Properties and Identification of the Core Function Genes for Tellurite Resistance in Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010095. [PMID: 35056544 PMCID: PMC8779313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurite is highly toxic to bacteria and commonly used in the clinical screening for pathogens; it is speculated that there is a potential relationship between tellurite resistance and bacterial pathogenicity. Until now, the core function genes of tellurite resistance and their characteristics are still obscure. Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3 was found able to resist high concentrations of tellurite (250 μg/mL) and formed vacuole-like tellurium nanostructures. The terZABCDE gene cluster located in the large plasmid pRBL16 endowed strain SJTE-3 with the tellurite resistance of high levels. Although the terC and terD genes were identified as the core function genes for tellurite reduction and resistance, the inhibition of cell growth was observed when they were used solely. Interestingly, co-expression of the terA gene or terZ gene could relieve the burden caused by the expression of the terCD genes and recover normal cell growth. TerC and TerD proteins commonly shared the conserved sequences and are widely distributed in many pathogenic bacteria, highly associated with the pathogenicity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.F.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-21-34204192
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