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Zhang X, Yang X, Ruan J, Chen H. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoselenium application improves tea quality (Camellia sinensis L.) and soil quality index without losing microbial diversity: A pot experiment under field condition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169923. [PMID: 38199344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Applying selenium (Se) fertilizer is the only way to alleviate soil Se deficiency. Although effects of nanoselenium foliar application on plant growth and stress resistance have been extensively investigated, soil application of nanoselenium on soil microorganisms and their relationship with crop quality and soil health remains unclear. In this study, a steady-state homogeneous nanoparticle of epigallocatechin gallate Se (ESe) was synthesized, and a pot experiment was conducted applying ESe at five concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) to the tea planattion soil. The study revealed a significant increase in Se concentration in soil and tea with ESe application and identified 2.43-7.8 mg kg-1 as the safe and optimal range for soil application. Specifically, the moderate dose of ESe improved the tea quality [reduced tea polyphenols (TP), increased free amino acids (AA), and reduced TP/AA] and soil quality index (SQI). Besides, in marure tea leaves, antioxidant enzyme activities [promote catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)] increased, while level of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-)] decreased with ESe application. The 16S rRNA of the soil bacteria showed that ESe application significantly changed the community structure of soil bacteria but did not alter the diversity of the bacteria and the abundance of dominant taxa (phylum and genus levels). Statistical analysis of the taxonomic and functional profiles (STAMP) detected 21 differential taxa (genus level), mainly low-abundance ones, under the ESe application. Linear regression and random forest (RF) modeling revealed that the low-abundance bacterial taxa were significantly correlated with SQI (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.01) and tea quality (R2 = 0.23-0.37, p < 0.01). Thus, the study's findings suggest that ESe application affects soil and tea quality by modulating the low-abundance taxa in soil. The study also highlights the crucial role of low-abundance bacterial taxa of the rhizosphere in regulating soil functions under the ESe application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiangde Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Zhang F, Li S, Wang L, Li X. An Innovative Approach to Alleviate Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Stress on Wheat through Nanobubble Irrigation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1896. [PMID: 38339174 PMCID: PMC10855730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive utilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles in consumer products and the industry has led to their substantial entry into the soil through air and surface runoff transportation, which causes ecotoxicity in agro-ecosystems and detrimental effects on crop production. Nanobubbles (diameter size < 1 µm) have many advantages, such as a high surface area, rapid mass transfer, and long retention time. In this study, wheat seedlings were irrigated with a 500 mg L-1 zinc oxide nanoparticle solution delivered in the form of nanobubble watering (nanobubble-ZnO-NPs). We found that nanobubble watering improved the growth and nutrient status of wheat exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles, as evidenced by increased total foliar nitrogen and phosphorus, along with enhanced leaf dry mass per area. This effect can be attributed to nanobubbles disassembling zinc oxide aggregates formed due to soil organic carbon, thereby mitigating nutrient absorption limitations in plants. Furthermore, nanobubbles improved the capability of soil oxygen input, leading to increased root activity and glycolysis efficiency in wheat roots. This work provides valuable insights into the influence of nanobubble watering on soil quality and crop production and offers an innovative approach for agricultural irrigation that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of water application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Northeastern, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fang J, Peng Y, Zheng L, He C, Peng S, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu H, Feng G. Chitosan-Se Engineered Nanomaterial Mitigates Salt Stress in Plants by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:176-188. [PMID: 38127834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity seriously hinders the sustainable development of green agriculture. The emergence of engineered nanomaterials has revolutionized agricultural research, providing a new means to overcome the limitations associated with current abiotic stress management and achieve highly productive agriculture. Herein, we synthesized a brand-new engineered nanomaterial (Cs-Se NMs) through the Schiff base reaction of oxidized chitosan with selenocystamine hydrochloride to alleviate salt stress in plants. After the addition of 300 mg/L Cs-Se NMs, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in rice shoots increased to 3.19, 1.79, and 1.85 times those observed in the NaCl group, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDA levels decreased by 63.9%. Notably, Cs-Se NMs also raised the transcription of genes correlated with the oxidative stress response and MAPK signaling in the transcriptomic analysis. In addition, Cs-Se NMs augmented the abundance and variety of rhizobacteria and remodeled the microbial community structure. These results provide insights into applying engineered nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuxin Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chang He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shan Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuewen Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huipeng Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guangfu Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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4
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Feng Z, Sun H, Qin Y, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Yao Q. A synthetic community of siderophore-producing bacteria increases soil selenium bioavailability and plant uptake through regulation of the soil microbiome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162076. [PMID: 36758687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) is an effective strategy to meet Se requirement of human body, and Se biofortification in crops in seleniferous soils with selenobacteria represents an eco-friendly biotechnique. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of siderophore-producing bacterial (SPB) synthetic communities (SynComs) in promoting plant Se uptake in a subtropical seleniferous soil where the fixation of Se by ferric-oxides is severe. The results indicated that SPB SynComs drastically elevated soil bioavailable Se content by up to 68.7 %, and significantly increased plant Se concentration and uptake by up to 83.1 % and 92.2 %, respectively. Seven out of ten SPB isolates in the SynComs were enriched in soils after 120 days of inoculation. Additionally, variation partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed that the contribution of soil bacterial community (up to 42.8 %) to the increased plant Se uptake was much greater than that of soil bioavailable Se (up to 5.1 %), suggesting a direct pathway other than the pathway of mobilizing Se. The relative abundances of some operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed significantly positive relationship with plant Se status but not with soil Se status, which supports the results of VPA. Network analysis indicates that some inoculated SPB isolates promoted plant Se uptake by regulating the native bacterial taxa. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SPB can be used in Se biofortification in crops, especially in subtropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Feng
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yongqiang Qin
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Jiang D, Yu F, Huang X, Qin H, Zhu Z. Effects of microorganisms on soil selenium and its uptake by pak choi in selenium-enriched lateritic red soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114927. [PMID: 37080129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Data on selenium (Se) transformation, specifically the mineralization or activation of Se bound by microorganisms in natural Se-enriched soil, is limited. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of microorganisms on Se availability of Se-enriched lateritic red soil and Se uptake by pak choi. Following the incubation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia S1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi agent, the available Se content of soils increased from 35 to 66.69-117.04 μg/kg, corresponding to an increase of 90.50-234.40%. The Se bioconcentration and translocation factors in pak choi increased after adding the AM fungi agent and strain S1. The soil acid phosphatase activity, and pak choi root length, surface area, and diameter also increased. Moreover, the soil acid phosphatase activity showed a significant positive correlation with soil available Se and phosphorus content (p < 0.01). Overall, the AM fungi agent and strain S1 increased Se bioavailability by enhancing soil acid phosphatase and promoting root activity, ultimately increasing pak choi's ability to absorb available Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Fengyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xuejiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Huisong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhu
- College of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
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Huang S, Yu K, Xiao Q, Song B, Yuan W, Long X, Cai D, Xiong X, Zheng W. Effect of bio-nano-selenium on yield, nutritional quality and selenium content of radish. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Ren X, Wang Z, Zhao M, Xie J, Zhang Z, Yang F, Wang Q, Ding Y. Role of selenite on the nitrogen conservation and greenhouse gases mitigation during the goat manure composting process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155799. [PMID: 35550906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the roles of selenite (Se) on nitrogen conservation and greenhouse gases (GHGs) mitigation during the composting process. Six levels of Se(IV) dosages (i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg) were examined for 80-day composting of goat manure and wheat straw mixtures, where the different blending proportions were marked as T1 (Control), T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The results showed that adding Se(IV) was beneficial for reducing NH3 by 3.50-42.41% by buffering pH and promoting nitrification. For N2O, it showed different responses to different Se(IV) dosages, and it was increased by 29.62-71.29% in T2-T4 but reduced by 30.45-69.54% in T5-T6. Methane (CH4), another main component of GHGs, was increased by 1.35-107.42% by adding 2-10 mg/kg Se(IV). To further evaluate the effect of Se(IV) on GHGs, global warming potential value was calculated, which was 103.32-499.80 and minimum value was in T5. Furthermore, the physicochemical indexes, especially temperature and OM, had vital effects on microbial community. Overall, the results obtained from this study demonstrated that the application of Se (IV) in composting was reasonable to generate Se-rich organic fertilizer, and the 8 mg/kg was suggested from perspectives of nitrogen conservation and GHGs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianwen Xie
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Li J, Liu R, Zhang C, Yang J, Lyu L, Shi Z, Man YB, Wu F. Selenium uptake and accumulation in winter wheat as affected by level of phosphate application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128762. [PMID: 35358814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an advantageous element to crops. However, the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate (P) and selenite in soil on Se uptake by winter wheat remain elusive. Pot trials were carried out including seven levels of P (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg kg-1) and non-mycorrhizal inoculation (NM), inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae (F.m) or Glomus versiforme (G.v). The present results found that grain phosphorus concentration increased with increase of P level from 0 to 100 mg kg-1 and then tended to plateau, while grain Se concentration decreased with the level of P from 0 to 400 mg kg-1. Based on mathematical modeling, inoculation of F.m or G.v dramatically improved grain Se concentration by 16.90% or 12.53% under the lower level of P (48.76 mg kg-1). Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) identified that both up-regulated of the expression of AMF-inducible phosphate transporter and improved Se bioavailability in rhizosphere soil contributed to enhancing plant Se concentration under P levels ≤ 100 mg kg-1. The present study demonstrated that AMF combined with 48.76 mg kg-1 P applied in soil can not only achieve high grain yield, but also fully exploit the biological potential of Se uptake in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chuangye Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lihui Lyu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Wang Z, Ding Y, Ren X, Xie J, Kumar S, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Effect of micronutrient selenium on greenhouse gas emissions and related functional genes during goat manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126805. [PMID: 35131460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of microelement selenium on greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen loss and related functional genes during the composting. Selenite and selenate were respectively mixed with goat manure and wheat straw and then composted the mixture without selenium regarded as control. The results indicated adding selenite prolonged the thermophilic phase and improved the organic matter degradation, while the selenate presented the opposite results. Selenite and selenate influenced ammonium transformation while prompting the formation of nitrate. Compared to the control, adding selenite and selenate both decreased NH3 emissions (by 26.7%-53.1%) and increased the total nitrogen content of compost. The addition of selenium increased mcrA in the early phase of composting, thereby promoting CH4 emission (by 3.5-18.4%). Meanwhile, adding selenate significantly reduced nirK abundance and consequently reduced N2O emission. Moreover, selenate added treatment presented the highest compost maturity (88.77%) and the lowest global warm potential (117.46 g/kg CO2-eq.) among all treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jianwen Xie
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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