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Zang M, Ma ZH, Xu YL, Long XF. Taxonomic identification, phenol biodegradation and soil remediation of the strain Rhodococcus sacchari sp. nov. Z13 T. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:313. [PMID: 38900186 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phenols are highly toxic chemicals that are extensively used in industry and produce large amounts of emissions. Notably, phenols released into the soil are highly persistent, causing long-term harm to human health and the environment. In this study, a gram-positive, aerobic, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, Z13T, with efficient phenol degradation ability, was isolated from the soil of sugarcane fields. Based on the physiological properties and genomic features, strain Z13T is considered as a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus sacchari sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z13T (= CCTCC AB 2022327T = JCM 35797T). This strain can use phenol as its sole carbon source. Z13T was able to completely degrade 1200 mg/L phenol within 20 h; the maximum specific growth rate was μmax = 0.93174 h-1, and the maximum specific degradation rate was qmax = 0.47405 h-1. Based on whole-genome sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, strain Z13T contains a series of phenol degradation genes, including dmpP, CatA, dmpB, pcaG, and pcaH, and can metabolize aromatic compounds. Moreover, the potential of strain Z13T for soil remediation was investigated by introducing Z13T into simulated phenol-contaminated soil, and the soil microbial diversity was analyzed. The results showed that 100% of the phenol in the soil was removed within 7.5 d. Furthermore, microbial diversity analysis revealed an increase in the relative species richness of Oceanobacillus, Chungangia, and Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ma
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lei Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Feng Long
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Ma S, Yuan W, Gao M, Li T, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Li A, Zhao B. Development of a Multifaceted Perspective for Systematic Analysis, Assessment, and Performance for Environmental Standards of Contaminated Sites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3078-3091. [PMID: 38284061 PMCID: PMC10809668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated soil and groundwater can pose significant risks to human health and ecological environments, making the remediation of contaminated sites a pressing and sustained challenge. It is significant to identify key performance indicators and advance environmental management standards of contaminated sites. The traditional study currently focuses on the inflexible collection of related files and displays configurable limitations regarding integrated assessment and in-depth analysis of published standards. In addition, there is a relative lack of research focusing on the analysis of different types of standard documents. Herein, we introduce a cross-systematic retrospective and review for the development of standards of the contaminated sites, including the comprehensive framework, multifaceted analysis, and improved suggestion of soil and groundwater standards related to the environment. The classification and structural characteristics of different types of files are systematically analyzed of over 300 national, trade, local, and group standards for the contaminated sites. It exhibits that trade standards are the main types and testing methods are the important format within numerical considerations of soil standards. The guide standard serves as a crucial component in environmental management for investigating, assessing, and remediating of contaminated sites. Future improvement plans and development directions are proposed for advancing robust technical support for effective soil contamination prevention and control. This multidimensional analysis and the accompanying suggestions can provide improved guidance for Chinese environmental management of contaminated sites and sparkle the application of standards in a wide range of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shaobing Ma
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanna Xiong
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Aiyang Li
- Chinese
Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute
of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
- Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Department
of Environmental Sciences, 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Zhao B, O'Connor D, Zhang H, Jin Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Hou R, Hou D. Assessing mercury pollution at a primary ore site with both ancient and industrial mining and smelting activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122413. [PMID: 37598928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The Minamata Convention on Mercury has mandated a renewed global effort to tackle Hg pollution. The present study evaluates Hg pollution at a primary Hg production site exploited since the Qin Dynasty (200s BC), with intensive industrial scale production over the past four decades. This single location accounts for over 95% total Hg production in China in recent years. To assess the environmental risk and effectiveness of recently implemented control measures, we collected 90 soil samples, 60 plant tissue samples, 47 sediment samples, and 47 river water samples from the site and its vicinity. A site-specific conceptual site model was established based on the sources, migration transformation pathways of Hg pollutant and its exposure scenarios. The maximum soil Hg concentration reached 10,451 mg kg-1, posing a high health and ecological risk. Vegetable and crop Hg concentrations outside the site reached 0.23 mg kg-1 in rice grains and 4.24 mg kg-1 in green onion. The highest health risk, with a hazard quotient of 130.66, was observed in the Ore Storage Site, which reduced to 17.14 when Hg bioavailability was considered. Risk control measures implemented in recent years included a stormwater collection system and capping of the tailing pond area with clean imported soil. These measures were generally successful; however, Hg in the tailings were found to be contaminating the imported surficial soil due to rainfall saturation and upward migration, suggesting a need for long-term post remedial site monitoring and maintenance. We also found that mining and smelting activities have contaminated a 6 km stretch of a nearby river, with sediment Hg concentrations reaching 2819 mg kg-1, and water column concentrations reaching 193.21 ng L-1. The sediment and water concentrations are highly correlated (R2 = 0.78), suggesting that, with risk control measures in place, a reservoir of Hg in polluted river sediment is now driving pollution in the water column. This work demonstrates that primary Hg mining has caused widespread and serious soil and water pollution. Risk control measures can reduce human health and ecological risks, but robust monitoring and maintenance are required for remediation to be effective in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Rd, Cirencester, GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Jiang W, Meng L, Liu F, Sheng Y, Chen S, Yang J, Mao H, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Ning H. Distribution, source investigation, and risk assessment of topsoil heavy metals in areas with intensive anthropogenic activities using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model coupled with self-organizing map (SOM). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6353-6370. [PMID: 37310651 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, heavy metal (HMs) contamination in soil environments has become severe worldwide. However, their resulting ecological and health risks remained elusive across a variety of soil ecosystems due to the complicated distributions and sources. This study investigated the HMs (Cr, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Hg) in areas with multi-mineral resources and intensive agricultural activities to study their distribution and source apportionment using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model coupled with self-organizing map (SOM). The potential ecological and health risks were assessed in terms of distinct sources of HMs. The results disclosed that the spatial distribution of HM contaminations in the topsoil was region-dependent, primarily located in areas with high population intensity. The geo‑accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) values collectively displayed that the topsoils were severely contaminated by Hg, Cu, and Pb, particularly in residential farmland areas. The comprehensive analysis combined with PMF and SOM identified both geogenic and anthropogenic sources of HMs including natural, agricultural, mining, and mixed sources (caused by multi-anthropogenic factors), accounting for 24.9%, 22.6%, 45.9%, and 6.6% contribution rates, respectively. The potential ecological risk was predominantly due to the enrichment of Hg, followed by Cd. The non-carcinogenic risks were mostly below the acceptable risk level, while the potential carcinogenic health risks caused by As and Cr should be paid prime attention to, particularly for children. In addition to the 40% geogenic sources, agricultural activities contributed to 30% of the non-carcinogenic risk, whereas mining activities contributed to nearly half of the carcinogenic health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Jiang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Lishan Meng
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Futian Liu
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Sheming Chen
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Jilong Yang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Hairu Mao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Hang Ning
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Center of Geoscience Innovation, North China, Tianjin, 300170, China
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Yang Y, Li J, Lv N, Wang H, Zhang H. Multiphase migration and transformation of BTEX on groundwater table fluctuation in riparian petrochemical sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55756-55767. [PMID: 36905541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) are considered to be a composition-based risk, containing multiple chemical ingredients that release dissolved- and vapor-phase plumes. In dissolved form, there is a saturation-based risk as the water source expands, affecting groundwater aquifers on a larger scale in the aquifer. As a typical pollutant found in petrochemical contaminated sites, the migration and transformation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) between gas, aqueous, and NAPL phases are distinctly affected by groundwater table fluctuation (GTF). BTEX multiphase migration and transformation pattern in a petrochemical factory at the riverside was simulated based on the TMVOC model in differentiating pollution distribution and interphase transformation under stable or fluctuating groundwater tables conditions. TMVOC model performed an excellent simulation effect on the migration and transformation of BTEX in GTF circumstances. In comparison with the stable groundwater table condition, the BTEX pollution depth under GTF increased by 0.5 m, the pollution area increased by 25%, and the total mass increased by 0.12 × 102 kg. In both cases, the mass reduction of NAPL-phase pollutants was more significant than the total mass reduction of pollutants, and GTF further promoted the mass conversion of NAPL-phase pollutants to water pollutants. Prominently, as the groundwater table rises, the GTF can correct for evacuation, and the transport flux of gaseous pollutants at the atmospheric boundary decreases with increasing transport distance. Furthermore, descended groundwater table will intensify the transmission flux of gaseous pollutants at the atmospheric boundary with the transmission range expanding, which can be harmful to human health on the surface due to gaseous pollutants entering into the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningqing Lv
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Yuan B, Cao H, Du P, Ren J, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Luo H. Source-oriented probabilistic health risk assessment of soil potentially toxic elements in a typical mining city. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130222. [PMID: 36356524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying potential sources of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and developing source-oriented health risk assessments in typical mining cities are key for pollution prevention and risk management. To this end, a case study was conducted to explore the pollution characteristics, potential sources, and human health risks of PTEs in Daye City, China. Indices, including the pollution factor (PF), pollution load index (PLI), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo), were applied to assess PTE pollution. Cd had the highest value among the detected PTEs, and 82.93% of the sampling sites had moderate pollution levels, with the highest mean Igeo value for Cd (2.30). Four potential sources were determined. Cr and Ni originated mainly from natural sources. Zn (91.5%) was exclusively and then Cd (33.1%) was moderately derived from industrial activities. The mixed source of various mineral exploitation smelting, and coal-fired traffic emissions leaded to the accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb. Cu was associated with Cu-related mining and smelting activities. The probabilistic health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risks for populations were negligible. Overall, this work provides scientific information for environmental managers to manage soil PTE pollution through the effective management of anthropogenic sources with limited resources and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yuan
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hanlin Cao
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ping Du
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huilong Luo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Zhao B, Peng T, Hou R, Huang Y, Zong W, Jin Y, O'Connor D, Sahu SK, Zhang H. Manganese stabilization in mine tailings by MgO-loaded rice husk biochar: Performance and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136292. [PMID: 36064023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leachable metal in abandoned mine tailings may be toxic to vegetation, affecting effective ecological restoration. In this study, MRB was synthesized through MgCl2·6H2O wet impregnation followed by duplicate slow pyrolysis. Manganese tailings were mixed with MRB, rice husk biochar (RB), and MgO at a dosage of 0-5%, followed by 90-day incubation. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and sequential leaching were used to analyze the leachability and species of Mn in tailings, while a stabilization mechanism was proposed with the support of the characterization of the tailings before and after amendment. Results suggested MRB addition significantly decreased leachable Mn by 63.8%, reducing from 59.88 mg/L to 21.68 mg/L, while only a 14.39% reduction was achieved by rice husk biochar (RB). The sharp decline of leachable Mn after 90-day mixing was contributed by the transformation from labile to stable fractions. A microporous biochar matrix along with the uniform dispersion of MgO active component were both responsible for the better Mn stabilization. Only less than 10% of the variation in substrate pH was observed with the increase of MgO loading or incubation time. Linear correlation analyses indicated substrate pH's strongl negative relationship with leachable Mn and moderately positive relationship with residual fraction. Characterization results revealed that MRB exhibited different stabilization mechanisms in mine tailings, where Mn was likely to be stabilized by direct interaction with active MgO or indirect alkaline precipitation to form stable MgMn2O4, Mn(CH3COO)2, and MnO(OH)2. This work validated the promoting potential of recycling agricultural biomass waste for the amendment of manganese mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Tianyue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resoures, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510075, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou, 510075, PR China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Wenjing Zong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, GL7 1RS, United Kingdom
| | - Shovan Kumar Sahu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
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