1
|
Qu M, Guang X, Chen J, Zhao Y, Huang B, Wang M, Wang H, Wang Y. Soil environmental carrying capacity and its spatial high-precision accounting framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173620. [PMID: 38815834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human activity intensity should be controlled within the carrying capacity of soil units, which is crucial for environmental sustainability. However, the existing assessment methods for soil environmental carrying capacity (SECC) rarely consider the relationship between human activity intensity and pollutant emissions, making it difficult to provide effective early warning of human activity intensity. Moreover, there is a lack of spatial high-precision accounting methods for SECC. This study first established a spatial soil environmental capacity (SEC) model based on the pollutant thresholds corresponding to the specific protection target. Next, a spatial net-input flux model was proposed based on soil pollutants' input/output fluxes. Then, the quantitative relationship between human activity intensity and pollutant emissions was established and further incorporated into the SECC model. Finally, the spatial high-precision accounting framework of SECC was proposed. The methodology was used to assess the SECC for the copper production capacity in a typical copper smelting area in China. The results showed that (i) the average SECs for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Cr are 427.89, 16.84, 306.41, 376.8, 71.63, and 392.7 kg hm-2, respectively; (ii) heavy metal (HM) concentrations and land-use types jointly influence the spatial distribution pattern of SEC; (iii) atmospheric deposition is the dominant HM input pathway and the high net-input fluxes are mainly located in the southeast of the study area; (iv) with the current human activity intensity for 50 years, the average SECs for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Cr are 202.31, 1.71, 20.9, 66.15, 36.73, and 3 kg hm-2, respectively; and (v) to maintain the protection target at the acceptable risk level within 50 years, the SECC for the increased copper production capacity is 1.53 × 106 t. This study provided an effective tool for early warning of human activity intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
| | - Xu Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin L, Yu L, Wang M, Sun X, Wang J, Liu J, Wang Y, White JC, Chen S. The environmental risk threshold (HC 5) for Cd remediation in Chinese agricultural soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121316. [PMID: 38838540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Given the increasing concern over Cd contamination of agricultural soils in China, reducing the availability of the toxic metal has become an important remedial strategy. However, the lack of a unified evaluation framework complicates the assessment of remediation efficiency of different practices. Here, we evaluated the general extraction method (GEM) of available Cd in nine typical soil types by comparing extraction agents, including CaCl2, EDTA, Mehlich-Ⅲ, HCl and DTPA. The safe grain concentration of different agricultural products from National Food Safety Standards Limits of Contaminants in Food (GB 2762-2022) was then applied to understand soil limited available Cd concentration based on dose-response curves. We also derived environmental risk threshold (HC5) values for Cd remediation in agricultural soils by constructing species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves. The results showed that Mehlich-Ⅲ best predicted Cd accumulation in crops (with 76.5% of explanation of grain Cd) and was selected as the GEM of soil available Cd for subsequent analyses. The regression coefficient (R2) of dose-response curves fitting between Cd absorption in crop tissues and soil available Cd extracted by GEM based on 30 different crop species varied from 51.0% to 79.5%, and the derived limit concentration of soil available Cd based on standard GB 2762-2022 was 0.18-0.76 mg‧kg-1. An HC5 of 0.19 mg‧kg-1 was then calculated, meaning that a concentration of available Cd in agricultural soil below 0.19 mg‧kg-1 ensures that 95% of agricultural products meet the quality and safety requirements of standard GB 2762-2022. The prediction model was well verified in the field test, indicating that can correctly estimate the soil available Cd based on the content of Cd in plant. This study provides a robust scientific framework for deriving the risk threshold for Cd remediation in agricultural soils and could be quite useful for establishing soil remediation standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiaxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Zhang N, Ge Z, Lv C, Zhu L, Ding C, Liu C, Peng P, Wu T, Wang Y. Determining soil conservation strategies: Ecological risk thresholds of arsenic and the influence of soil properties. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2024; 3:238-246. [PMID: 38693960 PMCID: PMC11061221 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of ecological risk thresholds for arsenic (As) plays a pivotal role in developing soil conservation strategies. However, despite many studies regarding the toxicological profile of As, such thresholds varying by diverse soil properties have rarely been established. This study aims to address this gap by compiling and critically examining an extensive dataset of As toxicity data sourced from existing literature. Furthermore, to augment the existing information, experimental studies on As toxicity focusing on barley-root elongation were carried out across various soil types. The As concentrations varied from 12.01 to 437.25 mg/kg for the effective concentrations that inhibited 10% of barley-root growth (EC10). The present study applied a machine-learning approach to investigate the complex associations between the toxicity thresholds of As and diverse soil properties. The results revealed that Mn-/Fe-ox and clay content emerged as the most influential factors in predicting the EC10 contribution. Additionally, by using a species sensitivity distribution model and toxicity data from 21 different species, the hazardous concentration for x% of species (HCx) was calculated for four representative soil scenarios. The HC5 values for acidic, neutral, alkaline, and alkaline calcareous soils were 80, 47, 40, and 28 mg/kg, respectively. This study establishes an evidence-based methodology for deriving soil-specific guidance concerning As toxicity thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Naichi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixuan Ge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Lv
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Linfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changfeng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peiqin Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia Q, Sun J, Gan Q, Shi NN, Fu S. Zea mays cultivation, biochar, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation influenced lead immobilization. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0342723. [PMID: 38393320 PMCID: PMC10986566 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03427-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cultivation can influence the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. However, the roles of soil amendments and microorganisms in crop-based phytoremediation require further exploration. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Zea mays L. cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil lead (Pb) immobilization. Our results indicated that biochar addition resulted in a significant, 42.00%, reduction in AMF colonization. Plant cultivation, AMF inoculation, and biochar addition all contributed to enhanced Pb immobilization, as evidenced by decreased levels of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid- and CaCl2-extractable Pb in the soil. Furthermore, soil subjected to plant cultivation with AMF and biochar displayed reduced concentrations of bioavailable Pb. Biochar addition altered the distribution of Pb fractions in the soil, transforming the acid-soluble form into the relatively inert reducible and oxidizable forms. Additionally, biochar, AMF, and their combined use promoted maize growth parameters, including height, stem diameter, shoot and root biomass, and phosphorus uptake, while simultaneously reducing the shoot Pb concentration. These findings suggest a synergistic effect in Pb phytostabilization. In summary, despite the adverse impact of biochar on mycorrhizal growth, cultivating maize with the concurrent use of biochar and AMF emerges as a recommended and effective strategy for Pb phytoremediation.IMPORTANCEHeavy metal contamination in soil is a pressing environmental issue, and phytoremediation has emerged as a sustainable approach for mitigating this problem. This study sheds light on the potential of maize cultivation, biochar application, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation to enhance the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soil. The findings demonstrate that the combined use of biochar and AMF during maize cultivation can significantly improve Pb immobilization and simultaneously enhance maize growth, offering a promising strategy for sustainable and effective Pb phytoremediation practices. This research contributes valuable insights into the field of phytoremediation and its potential to address heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiahua Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiuyu Gan
- Miami College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan-Nan Shi
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu L, Chen S, Wang J, Qin L, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang M. Environmental risk thresholds and prediction models of Cd in Chinese agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167773. [PMID: 37839484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil environmental risk threshold of cadmium (Cd) is an important index in formulating soil protection policy. Environmental risk threshold refers to the maximal allowable critical concentration of hazardous substances in the environment. Although there is less study on how to determine soil Cd environmental risk threshold, it is a crucial indicator in formulating soil conservation policies and a key factor in assessing soil environmental quality. The main research content of the study is deducing the environmental risk threshold, aiming to provide scientific basis for the study of environmental quality standards of agricultural land and provide technical support for the protection of Cd pollution of agricultural land. The hazard concentration of 5 % species (HC5, which protects 95 % of species) was determined here using different toxicological data of Cd from 23 test endpoints, interspecific extrapolation using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method, and a prediction model was created on the basis of several soil parameters. According to the findings, Cd effective concentration (EC10) (Cd concentration which blocks 10 % of an endpoint's bioactivity) varied from 0.109 to 221 mg·kg-1, and the hormetic response induced by Cd reached 118 % displaying in the dose-response curve of Lolium perenne L.. Toxicology data was rectified by the aging factor considering biogeochemical processes of the newly added pollutants prior to SSD curves fitting. After that, the prediction model was created with the equation of LogHC5 = 0.147 pH + 0.067 OC -1.616. The field test properly validated the prediction model, demonstrating its ability to forecast Cd toxicity levels for various soil conditions. This study offers a scientifically sound methodology for determining the environmental risk limitation for Cd and identifies critical paths for the preservation of environmental species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luyao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Agathokleous E, Blande JD, Masui N, Calabrese EJ, Zhang J, Sicard P, Guedes RNC, Benelli G. Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116876. [PMID: 37573021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported stimulation of various organisms in the presence of environmental contaminants. This has created a need to critically evaluate sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses of arthropod parasitoids and parasites following exposure to pesticides and other contaminants. Examining this phenomenon with a focus on arthropods of agricultural and environmental importance serves as the framework for this literature review. This review shows that several pesticides, with diverse chemical structures and different modes of action, applied individually or in combination at sublethal doses, commonly stimulate an array of arthropod parasitoids and parasites. Exposure at sublethal doses can enhance responses related to physiology (e.g., respiration, total lipid content, and total protein content), behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, antennal drumming frequency, host location, and parasitization), and fitness (longevity, growth, fecundity, population net and gross reproduction). Concordantly, the parasitic potential (e.g., infestation efficacy, parasitization rate, and parasitoid/parasite emergence) can be increased, and as a result host activities inhibited. There is some evidence illustrating hormetic dose-responses, but the relevant literature commonly included a limited number and range of doses, precluding a robust differentiation between sub- and superNOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) stimulation. These results reveal a potentially significant threat to ecological health, through stimulation of harmful parasitic organisms by environmental contaminants, and highlight the need to include sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses in relevant ecological pesticide risk assessments. Curiously, considering a more utilitarian view, hormesis may also assist in optimizing mass rearing of biological control agents for field use, a possibility that also remains neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noboru Masui
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 4228526, Japan
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | | | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han C, Li J, Shen J. Study on the physical and chemical properties of lead passivating agent in soil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18213. [PMID: 37880293 PMCID: PMC10600227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry, heavy metal pollution has seriously damaged the health of soil, and heavy metals spread through the food chain, posing a threat to human health. The firm existence of heavy metals in soil under earthy conditions is a center trouble faced by soil dense metal pollution solidification and correction technology. However, the existing investigation results are mostly controlled to soil passivation experiments using various materials. Macroscopically, heavy metal passivation materials have been selected, but the intrinsic mechanisms of different compound functional groups in soil passivation have been ignored. With the common heavy metal ion Pb2+ as an example, the stability of the combination of heavy metal ions and common ion groups in soil was analyzed in this study by using quantum chemical calculation as the theoretical guidance. The results show that SO42- and PO43-, as functional groups of passivating agents, are used to control lead pollution and have been verified to have good effects. When the pollution is particularly serious and not easy to passivation and precipitation, Fe3+ can be considered to enhance the passivation effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Han
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Jianglong Shen
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, 710075, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhu Y, Geng J, Wang X, Feng X, Hou H. A New Method for Ecological Risk Assessment of Combined Contaminated Soil. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050411. [PMID: 37235226 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment of combined polluted soil has been conducted mostly on the basis of the risk screening value (RSV) of a single pollutant. However, due to its defects, this method is not accurate enough. Not only were the effects of soil properties neglected, but the interactions among different pollutants were also overlooked. In this study, the ecological risks of 22 soils collected from four smelting sites were assessed by toxicity tests using soil invertebrates (Eisenia fetida, Folsomia candida, Caenorhabditis elegans) as subjects. Besides a risk assessment based on RSVs, a new method was developed and applied. A toxicity effect index (EI) was introduced to normalize the toxicity effects of different toxicity endpoints, rendering assessments comparable based on different toxicity endpoints. Additionally, an assessment method of ecological risk probability (RP), based on the cumulative probability distribution of EI, was established. Significant correlation was found between EI-based RP and the RSV-based Nemerow ecological risk index (NRI) (p < 0.05). In addition, the new method can visually present the probability distribution of different toxicity endpoints, which is conducive to aiding risk managers in establishing more reasonable risk management plans to protect key species. The new method is expected to be combined with a complex dose-effect relationship prediction model constructed by machine learning algorithm, providing a new method and idea for the ecological risk assessment of combined contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jian Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xianjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|