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Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Xu B, Zhang X, Xiong H, Zhou H, Xiao R. Quaternization-based graft modification of straw fibers for conditioning the sludge dewatering performance. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:287-302. [PMID: 39007320 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a critical influencing factor in sludge dewatering. Disrupting such EPS contributes to the release of bound water in sludge, enhancing the sludge dewatering performance. In This study, quaternized straw fibers that are destructive to the EPS structure and components in active sludge were prepared useing heterogeneous free radical graft polymerization. Straw fibers, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), ammonium persulfate (APS), and acrylamide (AM) were taken as the substrate, grafting monomer, catalyst, and cross-linking agent, respectively.The optimal processing conditions determined for the DMDAAC-based quaternization and graft modification of straw fibers were as follows: reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 5 h, 0.100 g of catalyst APS dosage per gram of straw, and 3.000 ml of DMDAAC dosage per gram of straw. The optimal processing conditions yielded 1.335 g of modified straw fibers per gram of straw, 33.67% grafting rate, and 31.70% substitution of the quaternary ammonium groups. The capillary suction time (CST) was conditioned from 243.3 ± 22.6 s in the original sludge to 134.5 ± 34.45 s. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was reduced from 8.82 ± 0.51 × 1012 m/kg in the original sludge to 4.59 ± 0.23 × 1012 m/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Qiyong Yang
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China E-mail:
| | - Binjie Xu
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Houfeng Xiong
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Ruimin Xiao
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
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Lv J, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Ding J, Wei L. Sludge dewaterability improvement with microbial fuel cell powered electro-Fenton system (MFCⓅEFs): Performance and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171422. [PMID: 38432365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the entire process of sludge treatment and disposal, it is crucial to explore stable and efficient techniques to improve sludge dewaterability, which can facilitate subsequent resource utilization and space and cost savings. Traditional Fenton oxidation has been widely researched to enhance the performance of sludge dewaterability, which was limited by the additional energy input and the instabilities of Fe2+ and H2O2. To reduce the consumption of energy and chemicals and further break the rate-limiting step of the iron cycle, a novel and feasible method that constructed microbial fuel cell powered electro-Fenton systems (MFCⓅEFs) with ferrite and biochar electrode (MgFe2O4@BC/CF) was successfully demonstrated. The MFCⓅEFs with MgFe2O4@BC/CF electrode achieved specific resistance filtration and sludge cake water content of 2.52 × 1012 m/kg and 66.54 %. Cellular structure and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were disrupted, releasing partially bound water and destroying hydrophilic structures to facilitate sludge flocs aggregation, which was attributed to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. The consistent electron supply supplied by MFCⓅEFs and catalytically active sites on the surface of the multifunctional functional group electrode was responsible for producing more hydroxyl radicals and possessing a better oxidizing ability. The study provided an innovative process for sludge dewaterability improvement with high efficiency and low energy consumption, which presented new insights into the green treatment of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Yadav S, Ghangrekar MM, Surampalli RY. 3D electro-Fenton augmented with iron-biochar particle electrodes derived from waste iron bottle caps and sugarcane bagasse for the remediation of sodium dodecyl sulphate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117998. [PMID: 38145735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates a novel strategy of synthesizing iron-biochar (Fe@BCSB) composite made with the waste iron bottle cap and sugar cane bagasse for implementation in the three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3DEF) process. The catalytic ability of the Fe@BCSB composite was explored to remediate the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant from wastewater at neutral pH. At the optimum operating condition of Fe@BCSB dose of 1.0 g L-1, current density of 4.66 mA cm-2, and Na2SO4 dose of 50 mM, nearly 92.7 ± 3.1% of 20 mg L-1 of SDS abatement was attained during 120 min of electrolysis time. Moreover, the Fe@BCSB showed significant recyclability up to six cycles. Besides, other organics were successfully treated with more than 85% abatement efficiency in the proposed Fe@BCSB-supported 3DEF process. The total operating cost obtained during SDS treatment was around 0.31 US$ m-3 of wastewater. The phytotoxicity test revealed the positive impact of the 3DEF-treated effluent on the germination of the Vigna radiata. The electron paramagnetic resonance conveyed •OH as the prevailing reactive species for the oxidation of SDS in the 3DEF process. Further, about 81.3 ± 3.8% of SDS and 53.7 ± 4.1% of mineralization efficacy were acquired from the real institutional sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shraddha Yadav
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Kansas, USA
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Bao P, Du C, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhou L, Yu G, Sun S, Zhou L, Li X, Teng J, Wang X, Wang J. Application of skeleton builders to sludge dewatering and disposal: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167106. [PMID: 37717769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of cities and population, the production of sludge is increasing annually. It has become an unavoidable challenge to achieve sludge dewatering and disposal by a cost-effective, efficient and safe process. In this work, firstly, the factors limiting sludge dewatering are reviewed in terms of moisture distribution, sludge concentration, organic matter content, electronegativity, floc strength, and extracellular polymers (EPS). Subsequently, focusing on the dewatering technology about the skeleton builder, the recent progress of it is detailed in terms of mechanism, evaluation indicators, influencing factors, and technology coupling. In addition, the impact of skeleton builders on the sludge disposal stage is concluded. Finally, the challenges faced by sludge dewatering and skeleton builders are prospected. This review will provide some theoretical basis and technical guidance for subsequent experiments and practices regarding skeleton builders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purui Bao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection of Hunan Province, Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Heng Jiang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection of Hunan Province, Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Junyi Teng
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Wang G, Shu Q, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Wu D, Sun H. Enhanced disintegration mechanism of surplus activated sludge to improve dewatering by thermally activated persulfate oxidation under mild temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106687-106697. [PMID: 37853646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The dewatering treatment is an essential process for the treatment and disposal of surplus activated sludge (SAS), and improving sludge dewatering performance is still a challenge and has become a research hotspot in recent years. The oxidation and disintegration of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by active radicals produced by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were extremely promising to achieve deep sludge dewatering. This paper systematically studied the efficiency and mechanism of thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation technology to the improvement of SAS dewatering performance. The results showed that the relative filterability (CST0/CST) was increased 2.52 times with 2.0 mmol/g VSS potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS) at 80 °C in 90 min. Under this condition, the Zeta potential of SAS significantly decreased from - 14.8 to - 1.44 mV, while the average particle size (dp50) decreased from 52.981 to 48.259 μm. Thermal treatment disrupted the sludge structure to release large amounts of EPS including polysaccharides and protein. Meanwhile, the results of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectra showed that the TAP treatment could expedite the disintegration of sludge, facilitating the decrease of total EPS content and conversion of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) to loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and soluble EPS (S-EPS). The mechanism of TAP process to improve SAS dewatering performance was revealed, which could contribute to breaking the bottleneck of sludge depth dewatering and provide a theoretical and technical basis for its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Quancheng Shu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuliang Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Daishun Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Basin Environment, School of Marine and Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Chen Y, Liu S, Ren Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Zhou J, Jia H, Wang T. Potential of non-thermal discharge plasmas for activated sludge settling: effects and underlying mechanisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19869-19880. [PMID: 37409031 PMCID: PMC10318417 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02921b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With increase in the construction of urban sewage treatment plants, the output of sludge also surges. Therefore, it is highly important to explore effective ways to reduce the production of sludge. In this study, non-thermal discharge plasmas were proposed to crack the excess sludge. High sludge settling performance was obtained, and the settling velocity (SV30) dramatically decreased from the initial value of 96% to 36% after 60 min of treatment at 20 kV, accompanied by 28.6%, 47.5%, and 76.7% decreases in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), sludge volume index (SVI), and sludge viscosity, respectively. Acidic conditions improved the sludge settling performance. The presence of Cl- and NO3- slightly promoted the SV30, but CO32- has adverse effects. ·OH and O2˙- in the non-thermal discharge plasma system contributed to the sludge cracking, especially for ·OH. These reactive oxygen species destroyed the sludge floc structure; as a result, the total organic carbon and dissolved chemical oxygen demand obviously increased, the average particle size of the sludge decreased, and the number of coliform bacteria was also reduced. Furthermore, the microbial community abundance and diversity both decreased in the sludge after the plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Ningxia Houde Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Yinchuan 750000 China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Ningxia Houde Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Yinchuan 750000 China
| | - Zhiyin Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yajie Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
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