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Casulleras M, Flores-Costa R, Duran-Güell M, Zhang IW, López-Vicario C, Curto A, Fernández J, Arroyo V, Clària J. Albumin Lipidomics Reveals Meaningful Compositional Changes in Advanced Cirrhosis and Its Potential to Promote Inflammation Resolution. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1443-1456. [PMID: 35178899 PMCID: PMC9134813 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin infusions are therapeutically used to revert hypoalbuminemia and to replace the extensively oxidized albumin molecule circulating in patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis. Because albumin has high affinity for lipids, here we characterized the albumin lipidome in patients with AD and explored the albumin effects on the release of fatty acid (FA)-derived lipid mediators by peripheral leukocytes. Lipids and lipid mediators were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in albumin-enriched and albumin-depleted plasma fractions separated by affinity chromatography and in leukocyte incubations from 18 patients with AD and 10 healthy subjects (HS). Lipid mediators were also measured in 41 patients with AD included in an albumin therapy trial. The plasma lipidome associated with AD cirrhosis was characterized by generalized suppression of all lipid classes except FAs. In contrast to HS, albumin from patients with AD had lower content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially of the omega-3-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid. Consistent with this, the PUFA-derived lipid mediator landscape of albumin from patients with AD was dominated by lower content of monohydroxy FA precursors of anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators (i.e., 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15-HETE]). In addition, albumin from patients with AD was depleted in prostaglandin (PG) E2 , suggesting that this proinflammatory PG primarily travels disassociated to albumin in these patients. Incubation of leukocytes with exogenous albumin reduced PG production while inducing 15-lipoxygenase expression and 15-HETE release. Similar effects were seen under lipopolysaccharide plus N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated conditions. Finally, PG levels were lower in patients with AD receiving albumin therapy, whereas 15-HETE was increased after albumin treatment compared with baseline. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the albumin lipid composition is severely disorganized in AD cirrhosis and that administration of exogenous albumin has the potential to redirect leukocyte biosynthesis from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casulleras
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ingrid W Zhang
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Curto
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Fernández
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Liver UnitHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan Clària
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver FailureBarcelonaSpain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics ServiceHospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehdBarcelonaSpain.,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Nandini C, Madhunapantula SV, Bovilla VR, Ali M, Mruthunjaya K, Santhepete MN, Jayashree K. Platelet enhancement by Carica papaya L. leaf fractions in cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic rats is due to elevated expression of CD110 receptor on megakaryocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114074. [PMID: 33831466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carica papaya leaf juice/decoction has been in use in folk medicine in Srilanka, Malaysia and in few parts of India for enhancing the platelet counts in dengue. In Siddha medicine, a traditional form of medicine in India, papaya leaf juice has been used for increasing the platelet counts. Papaya leaf has been reported to enhance blood volume in ancient Ayurveda books in India. Carica papaya leaf is well known for its platelet enhancement activity. Although many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of papaya leaf juice for platelet enhancement, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study is aimed at identifying the key ingredients of papaya leaf extract and elucidate the mechanism (s) of action of the identified potent component in mitigating thrombocytopenia (Thp). MATERIALS AND METHODS C. papaya leaf juice was subjected for sequential fractionation to identify the anti-thrombocytopenic phytochemicals. In vivo, stable thrombocytopenia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 70 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cyp). After induction, rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight papaya leaf juice and with identified fractions for 14 days. Serum thrombopoietin level was estimated using ELISA. CD110/cMpl, a receptor for thrombopoietin on platelets was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Administration of cyclophosphamide for 6 days induced thrombocytopenia (210.4 ± 14.2 × 103 cells/μL) in rats. Treating thrombocytopenic rats with papaya leaf juice and butanol fraction for 14 days significantly increased the platelet count to 1073.50 ± 29.6 and 1189.80 ± 36.5 × 103 cells/μL, respectively. C.papaya extracts normalized the elevated bleeding and clotting time and decreased oxidative markers by increasing endogenous antioxidants. A marginal increase in the serum thrombopoietin (TPO) level was observed in Cyp treated group compared to normal and treatment groups. Low expression of CD110/cMpl receptor found in Cyp treated group was enhanced by C. papaya extracts (CPJ) and CPJ-BT. Furthermore, examination of the morphology of bone marrow megakaryocytes, histopathology of liver and kidneys revealed the ability of CPJ and fractions in mitigating Cyp-induced thrombocytopenia in rats. CONCLUSION C. papaya leaf juice enhances the platelet count in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia by increasing the expression of CD110 receptor on the megakaryocytes. Hence, activating CD110 receptor might be a viable strategy to increase the platelet production in individuals suffering from thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nandini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venugopal R Bovilla
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula N Santhepete
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Jayashree
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Byun J, Kim KW, Lee J, Kwon HJ, Kwon JH, Song GW, Lee SG. The role of multiphase CT in patients with acute postoperative bleeding after liver transplantation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:141-152. [PMID: 31781897 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of multiphase computed tomography (CT) in patients with acute postoperative bleeding after liver transplantation(LT). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed multiphase CT images in 270 post-LT bleeding patients between November 2013 and December 2017, with special attention to contrast extravasation (type I, focal or stipple; type II, jet). Patients were classified into conservative management trial and primary therapeutic intervention groups by initial treatment strategy, and then conservative management trial group was subdivided into successful conservative management and conservative management failure groups. On multiphase CT, we evaluated contrast extravasation volume, rate, and patterns (focal or stipple vs. jet). The concordances of the bleeding source determined by multiphase CT to the actual bleeding source were analyzed. RESULTS Of 270 patients, 134 contrast extravasation sites were identified in 116 (43.0%) patients. Most (94.8%, 146/154) of patients without contrast extravasation was successfully managed by conservative management. The mean volume and rate of contrast extravasation significantly increased in order of successful conservative management, conservative management failure, and primary therapeutic intervention groups (all p < 0.01). In subgroup analysis, jet pattern contrast extravasation was more commonly observed with conservative management failure group (p = 0.01). In addition, the change in pattern of contrast extravasation from type I to II was significantly related to the conservative management failure (OR 10.3; 95% CI 1.8-60.4; p = 0.01). There was substantial agreement in localization of bleeding source between multiphase CT and surgery or angiography (Cohen Kappa = 0.78). CONCLUSION Multiphase CT is helpful in the assessment for need of therapeutic intervention and to determine the treatment of choice in recipient with post-LT bleeding.
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Ramadori P, Klag T, Malek NP, Heikenwalder M. Platelets in chronic liver disease, from bench to bedside. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:448-459. [PMID: 32039397 PMCID: PMC7005648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, numerous studies revealed physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of platelets beyond haemostasis, a process to prevent and stop bleeding. These include the activation of the immune system and the promotion of inflammation, infection and cancer. Hence, the emerging view on the role of platelets has shifted - platelets are now seen as alert "sentinels" of the immune compartment, rather than passive bystanders. Herein, we review well-established and newly discovered features of platelets that define their natural role in maintaining blood haemostasis, but also their functional relationship with other cells of the immune system. We focus on recent studies underlining functional involvement of platelets in chronic liver diseases and cancer, as well as the effects of anti-platelet therapy in these contexts. Finally, we illustrate the potential of platelets as possible diagnostic and therapeutic tools in liver disease based on recently developed methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klag
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Peter Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Address: Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Tel.: 0049-6221423891, or Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: 0049-70712982721.
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Address: Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Tel.: 0049-6221423891, or Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: 0049-70712982721.
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Hypersplenism is correlated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8889-900. [PMID: 26753954 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several risk factors exist for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis (PHC), including hypersplenism. Splenectomy is a common but controversial procedure in the management of hypersplenism, but its impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. We conducted a hospital-based study of PHC patients to identify potential risk factors, including a history of splenectomy, which has been associated with progression from PHC to HCC. From 2002 to 2012, 2678 patients developed hypersplenism secondary to PHC. Of these patients, 828 developed HCC and 1850 did not. Potential risk factors of HCC were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses to exclude confounding variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were determined for each factor. Many factors, such as liver function, platelet (PLT) counts, Child-Pugh class, and history of hepatitis, were associated with progression to HCC. PHC patients with hypersplenism who displayed elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), ALK, phosphatase, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) had a significantly increased risk of HCC. However, the patients who had splenectomy showed better liver function test results and less progression to HCC. In patients with PHC and hypersplenism, abnormal levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT and prolonged PT are risk factors of HCC. Splenectomy, as the intervention method of hypersplenism, is performed less frequently in patients who developed HCC than in patients who did not develop HCC. Therefore, splenectomy may act as an independent factor that is significantly associated with HCC development.
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Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Nakazawa A, Nishioka Y, Kaneko J, Aoki T, Sakamoto Y, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N. Hemostatic status in liver transplantation: association between preoperative procoagulants/anticoagulants and postoperative hemorrhaging/thrombosis. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:258-65. [PMID: 25370801 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The delicate rebalanced hemostatic status of liver transplant recipients may lead to both hemorrhagic and thrombotic tendencies in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pretransplant procoagulants/anticoagulants and posttransplant bleeding and thrombosis among living donor liver transplant recipients. The study subjects were 403 consecutive recipients with chronic liver disease. Perioperative variables, including preoperative values for procoagulants and anticoagulants, were assessed to determine their association with posttransplant hemorrhaging and thrombosis. There were 35 hemorrhagic complications (9%) and 21 thrombotic complications (5%). In logistic regression analyses, a higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (P = 0.01) and a lower fibrinogen value (P < 0.001) were independently associated with hemorrhaging, whereas only a lower protein C value (P < 0.001) was independently associated with thrombosis. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, a low preoperative protein C value (with the most accurate cutoff value being 25%) was a reliable predictor of thrombotic complications after liver transplantation (area under the curve = 0.921, P < 0.001, sensitivity = 0.9, specificity = 0.8). In conclusion, the decreases in both procoagulants and anticoagulants in liver transplant recipients may additively result in a delicate hemostatic balance and predispose patients to both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. A lower preoperative protein C value (<25%) was demonstrated to be a significant and reliable predictor of postoperative thrombotic complications in liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Akamatsu
- Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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