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Elsaid S, Wu X, Tee SS. Fructose vs. glucose: modulating stem cell growth and function through sugar supplementation. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1277-1290. [PMID: 38923793 PMCID: PMC11301265 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are impacted by microenvironmental resources such as nutrient availability and oxygen tension for their survival, growth, and differentiation. However, the accessibility of these resources in the pericellular environment greatly varies from organ to organ. This divergence in resource availability leads to variations in the potency and differentiation potential of stem cells. This study aimed to explore the distinct effects of glucose and fructose, as well as different oxygen tensions, on the growth dynamics, cytokine production, and differentiation of stem cells. We showed that replacing glucose with fructose subjected stem cells to stress, resulting in increased Hif1α expression and stability, which in turn led to a reduction in cell proliferation, and alterations in cytokine production. However, fructose failed to induce differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as well as mouse fibroblasts into mature adipocytes compared to glucose, despite the upregulation of key markers of adipogenesis, including C/EBPβ, and PPARγ. Conversely, we showed that fructose induced undifferentiated mouse fibroblasts to release cytokines associated with senescence, including IL1α1, IL6, IL8, MCP1, and TNF1α, suggesting that these cells were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, our results suggest that altering the culture conditions through changes in hexose levels and oxygen tension places considerable stress on stem cells. Additional research is required to further characterize the mechanisms governing stem cell response to their microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheldeen Elsaid
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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A Comparison of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cell Lines to Model the Effects of Fatty Acids, Fructose and Glucose on Liver Cell Lipid Accumulation. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010040. [PMID: 36615698 PMCID: PMC9824391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, but the relative contributions of different macronutrients is still unclear. We investigated the impact of fatty acids, glucose and fructose on lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and three different cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatoblastoma−derived cell line), Huh7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and McA-RH7777 (McA, rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line). Cells were treated for 48 h with fatty acids (0 or 200 μM), glucose (5 mM or 11 mM) and fructose (0 mM, 2 mM or 8 mM). Lipid accumulation was measured via Nile Red staining. All cell types accumulated lipid in response to fatty acids (p < 0.001). PHH and McA, but not HepG2 or Huh7 cells, accumulated more lipid with 11 mM glucose plus fatty acids (p = 0.004, fatty acid × glucose interaction, for both), but only PHH increased lipid accumulation in response to fructose (p < 0.001). Considerable variation was observed between PHH cells from different individuals. Lipid accumulation in PHH was increased by insulin (p = 0.003) with inter-individual variability. Similarly, insulin increased lipid accumulation in both HepG2 and McA cells, with a bigger response in McA in the presence of fatty acids (p < 0.001 for fatty acid × insulin). McA were more insulin sensitive than either HepG2 or Huh7 cells in terms of AKT phosphorylation (p < 0.001 insulin × cell type interaction). Hence, glucose and fructose can contribute to the accumulation of lipid in PHH with considerable inter-individual variation, but hepatoma cell lines are not good models of PHH.
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Evaluation of Effect of Honey Sugars Analogue Therapy against Breast Cancer Induced by 1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea in In Vivo Breast Cancer Model. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6457266. [PMID: 35386216 PMCID: PMC8977312 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6457266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of honey as a complementary and alternative medicine is associated with vast range of therapeutic promises. It is established that it exhibits potential innumerable medicinal effects which is attributed to it phenolic, flavonoids, and other diverse compounds profile. However, the effect of honey sugars analogue as its major constituent has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of honey sugars analogue (HSA) namely fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose in breast cancer-induced albino Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat models. The treatment was administered when first palpable tumour reached 10–12 mm in size by dividing nulliparous rats (n = 30) into following groups: Group 0 (negative control, n = 10), Group 1 (positive control, n = 10), and Group 2 (received 1.0 g/kg body HSA, n = 10) over a period of 120 days. The effect of treatment against breast cancer was observed with a slower tumour progression, a lower median tumour size, multiplicity, and weight (p < 0.05). The anticancer effect was through amelioration of tumour growth, tumour grading, and haematological parameters. Data also show that HSA administration induces an increased susceptibility of expression of proapoptotic proteins such as Apaf-1, caspase-9, IFN-γ, IFNGR1, and p53, and a reduced expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as E2, ESR1, TNF-α, COX-2, and Bcl-xL 1 in their mechanisms of action. HSA behaves akin to honey. Thus, HSA may modulate breast cancer as an analogue or major profile of honey.
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Shi R, Pan P, Lv R, Ma C, Wu E, Guo R, Zhao Z, Song H, Zhou J, Liu Y, Xu G, Hou T, Kang Z, Liu J. High-throughput glycolytic inhibitor discovery targeting glioblastoma by graphite dots-assisted LDI mass spectrometry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4923. [PMID: 35171681 PMCID: PMC10921956 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors will become vulnerable if their uncontrolled biosynthesis and energy consumption engaged in metabolic reprogramming can be cut off. Here, we report finding a glycolytic inhibitor targeting glioblastoma with graphite dots-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry as an integrated drug screening and pharmacokinetic platform (GLMSD). We have performed high-throughput virtual screening to narrow an initial library of 240,000 compounds down to the docking of 40 compounds and identified five previously unknown chemical scaffolds as promising hexokinase-2 inhibitors. The best inhibitor (Compd 27) can regulate the reprogrammed metabolic pathway in U87 glioma cells (median inhibitory concentration ~ 11.3 μM) for tumor suppression. Highly effective therapy against glioblastoma has been demonstrated in both subcutaneous and orthotopic brain tumors by synergizing Compd 27 and temozolomide. Our glycolytic inhibitor discovery can inspire personalized medicine targeting reprogrammed metabolisms of malignant tumors. GLMSD enables large, high-quality data for next-generation artificial intelligence-aided drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Peichen Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chongqing Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ruochen Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hexing Song
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Joe Zhou
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Yang J, Yang S, Wang Q, Pang J, Wang Y, Wang H, Fu X. KHK-A promotes the proliferation of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the up-regulation of PRPS1. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 22:40-46. [PMID: 32928708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The metabolism of dietary fructose by ketohexokinase (KHK) is an important step in glucose metabolism in various tumour types. However, the expression, function and underlying mechanisms of KHK in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of KHK-A, a peripheral isoform of KHK, on the proliferation of ESCC cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS The function and mechanism of KHK-A in ESCC cells were investigated by constructing stable KHK-A-knockdown and -overexpressing ESCC cell lines (KYSE410 and KYSE150, respectively). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry and colony formation assays were used to analyse the effects of KHK-A on cell proliferation, cell cycle and colony formation, respectively. KHK-A and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase isoform 1 (PRPS1) mRNA and protein expressions in several ESCC cell lines were determined using routine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. KHK and PRPS1 expressions in ESCC tumour tissues and corresponding adjacent non-tumour tissues were evaluated according to the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database (GSE20347). RESULTS In vitro experiments showed that KHK-A significantly promoted cell proliferation by modulating the G1/S phase transition in the cell cycle, which was probably regulated by PRPS1 expression. GEO database-based analysis showed that KHK levels were significantly higher in the ESCC tissues than in the corresponding adjacent non-tumour tissues. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis showed that KHK expression in ESCC cell lines and tissues was significantly positively associated with the up-regulation of PRPS1, suggesting that KHK-A levels regulate PRPS1 expression in ESCC. CONCLUSION KHK-A may serve as a driving gene in ESCC for the activation of PRPS1, resulting in the up-regulation of PRPS1. This could lead to enhanced nucleic acid synthesis for tumourigenesis. Our study showed that KHK-A is a potential target for ESCC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
| | - Senlin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jing Pang
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
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Burnstock G, Di Virgilio F. Purinergic signalling and cancer. Purinergic Signal 2014; 9:491-540. [PMID: 23797685 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for extracellular nucleotides are widely expressed by mammalian cells. They mediate a large array of responses ranging from growth stimulation to apoptosis, from chemotaxis to cell differentiation and from nociception to cytokine release, as well as neurotransmission. Pharma industry is involved in the development and clinical testing of drugs selectively targeting the different P1 nucleoside and P2 nucleotide receptor subtypes. As described in detail in the present review, P2 receptors are expressed by all tumours, in some cases to a very high level. Activation or inhibition of selected P2 receptor subtypes brings about cancer cell death or growth inhibition. The field has been largely neglected by current research in oncology, yet the evidence presented in this review, most of which is based on in vitro studies, although with a limited amount from in vivo experiments and human studies, warrants further efforts to explore the therapeutic potential of purinoceptor targeting in cancer.
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Weiland T, Klein K, Zimmermann M, Speicher T, Venturelli S, Berger A, Bantel H, Königsrainer A, Schenk M, Weiss TS, Wendel A, Schwab M, Bitzer M, Lauer UM. Selective protection of human liver tissue in TNF-targeting of cancers of the liver by transient depletion of adenosine triphosphate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52496. [PMID: 23272249 PMCID: PMC3525543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is able to kill cancer cells via receptor-mediated cell death requiring adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Clinical usage of TNF so far is largely limited by its profound hepatotoxicity. Recently, it was found in the murine system that specific protection of hepatocytes against TNF's detrimental effects can be achieved by fructose-mediated ATP depletion therein. Before employing this quite attractive selection principle in a first clinical trial, we here comprehensively investigated the interdependence between ATP depletion and TNF hepatotoxicity in both in vitro and ex vivo experiments based on usage of primary patient tissue materials. METHODS Primary human hepatocytes, and both non-tumorous and tumorous patient-derived primary liver tissue slices were used to elucidate fructose-induced ATP depletion and TNF-induced cytotoxicity. RESULTS PHH as well as tissue slices prepared from non-malignant human liver specimen undergoing a fructose-mediated ATP depletion were both demonstrated to be protected against TNF-induced cell death. In contrast, due to tumor-specific overexpression of hexokinase II, which imposes a profound bypass on hepatocytic-specific fructose catabolism, this was not the case for human tumorous liver tissues. CONCLUSION Normal human liver tissues can be protected transiently against TNF-induced cell death by systemic pretreatment with fructose used in non-toxic/physiologic concentrations. Selective TNF-targeting of primary and secondary tumors of the liver by transient and specific depletion of hepatocytic ATP opens up a new clinical avenue for the TNF-based treatment of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Weiland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Speicher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schenk
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Wendel
- Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICEPHA), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Speicher T, Köhler UA, Choukèr A, Werner S, Weiland T, Wendel A. Fructose protects murine hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis by modulating JNK signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:1837-46. [PMID: 22086922 PMCID: PMC3265865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose-induced hepatic ATP depletion prevents TNF-induced apoptosis, whereas it contrarily enhances CD95-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, transformed liver cells are not protected against TNF due to metabolic alterations, allowing selective tumor targeting. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which fructose modulates cytokine-induced apoptosis. A release of adenosine after fructose-induced ATP depletion, followed by a cAMP response, was demonstrated. Likewise, cAMP and adenosine mimicked per se the modulation by fructose of CD95- and TNF-induced apoptosis. The effects of fructose on cytokine-induced apoptosis were sensitive to inhibition of protein kinase A. Fructose prevented the pro-apoptotic, sustained phase of TNF-induced JNK signaling and thereby blocked bid-mediated activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in a PKA-dependent manner. We explain the dichotomal effects of fructose on CD95- and TNF-induced cell death by the selective requirement of JNK signaling for the latter. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the protection of hepatocytes from TNF-induced cell death by pharmacological doses of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Speicher
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
- the Insitute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike A. Köhler
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukèr
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich D-81377, Germany, and
| | - Sabine Werner
- the Insitute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Timo Weiland
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Albrecht Wendel
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
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