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Margiana R, Kzar HH, Hussam F, Hameed NM, Al-Qaim ZH, Al-Gazally ME, Kandee M, Saleh MM, Toshbekov BBU, Tursunbaev F, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Exploring the impact of miR-128 in inflammatory diseases: A comprehensive study on autoimmune diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154705. [PMID: 37499519 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune system regulation, such as cell proliferation, tolerance (central and peripheral), and T helper cell development. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and activity can disrupt immune responses and increase susceptibility to neuroimmune disorders. Conversely, miRNAs have been shown to have a protective role in modulating immune responses and preventing autoimmunity. Specifically, reducing the expression of miRNA-128 (miR-128) in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model has been found to improve cognitive deficits and reduce neuropathology. This comprehensive review focuses on the significance of miR-128 in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, as well as other immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additionally, we present compelling evidence supporting the potential use of miR-128 as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker for neuroimmune disorders. Collectively, the available literature suggests that targeting miR-128 could be a promising strategy to alleviate the behavioral symptoms associated with neuroimmune diseases. Furthermore, further research in this area may uncover new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah H Kzar
- Veterinary Medicine College, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
| | - Fadhil Hussam
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Iraq
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Kandee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University Of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Farkhod Tursunbaev
- MD, Independent Researcher, "Medcloud" educational centre, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Khurana ML, Mani I, Kumar P, Ramasamy C, Pandey KN. Ligand-Dependent Downregulation of Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A: Role of miR-128 and miR-195. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113381. [PMID: 36362173 PMCID: PMC9657974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hormones act on the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular homeostasis. These hormones include atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) and activate natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA), which enhance natriuresis, diuresis, and vasorelaxation. In this study, we established the ANP-dependent homologous downregulation of NPRA using human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells expressing recombinant receptor and MA-10 cells harboring native endogenous NPRA. The prolonged pretreatment of cells with ANP caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in 125I-ANP binding, Guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity of receptor, and intracellular accumulation of cGMP leading to downregulation of NPRA. Treatment with ANP (100 nM) for 12 h led to an 80% decrease in 125I-ANP binding to its receptor, and BNP decreased it by 62%. Neither 100 nM c-ANF (truncated ANF) nor C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) had any effect. ANP (100 nM) treatment also decreased GC activity by 68% and intracellular accumulation cGMP levels by 45%, while the NPRA antagonist A71915 (1 µM) almost completely blocked ANP-dependent downregulation of NPRA. Treatment with the protein kinase G (PKG) stimulator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP (CPT-cGMP) (1 µM) caused a significant increase in 125I-ANP binding, whereas the PKG inhibitor KT 5823 (1 µM) potentiated the effect of ANP on the downregulation of NPRA. The transfection of miR-128 significantly reduced NPRA protein levels by threefold compared to control cells. These results suggest that ligand-dependent mechanisms play important roles in the downregulation of NPRA in target cells.
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Newman LA, Useckaite Z, Johnson J, Sorich MJ, Hopkins AM, Rowland A. Selective Isolation of Liver-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Redefines Performance of miRNA Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010195. [PMID: 35052873 PMCID: PMC8773667 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Definitive diagnosis of the progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), requires liver biopsy, which is highly invasive and unsuited to early disease or tracking changes. Inadequate performance of current minimally invasive tools is a critical barrier to managing NAFLD burden. Altered circulating miRNA profiles show potential for minimally invasive tracking of NAFLD. The selective isolation of the circulating extracellular vesicle subset that originates from hepatocytes presents an important opportunity for improving the performance of miRNA biomarkers of liver disease. The expressions of miR-122, -192, and -128-3p were quantified in total cell-free RNA, global EVs, and liver-specific EVs from control, NAFL, and NASH subjects. In ASGR1+ EVs, each miR biomarker trended positively with disease severity and expression was significantly higher in NASH subjects compared with controls. The c-statistic defining the performance of ASGR1+ EV derived miRNAs was invariably >0.78. This trend was not observed in the alternative sources. This study demonstrates the capacity for liver-specific isolation to transform the performance of EV-derived miRNA biomarkers for NAFLD, robustly distinguishing patients with NAFL and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (L.A.N.); (Z.U.); (M.J.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (L.A.N.); (Z.U.); (M.J.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA;
| | - Michael J. Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (L.A.N.); (Z.U.); (M.J.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Ashley M. Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (L.A.N.); (Z.U.); (M.J.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (L.A.N.); (Z.U.); (M.J.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-882-047-546
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Liu X, Fan B, Chopp M, Zhang Z. Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Adult Post Stroke Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6179. [PMID: 32867041 PMCID: PMC7504398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability. Post-stroke neurogenesis contributes to functional recovery. As an intrinsic neurorestorative process, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying stroke-induced neurogenesis and to develop therapies designed specifically to augment neurogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification and its mediation by microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. In this review, we highlight how epigenetic factors including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs mediate stroke-induced neurogenesis including neural stem cell self-renewal and cell fate determination. We also summarize therapies targeting these mechanisms in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
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Panshin DD, Kondratov KA. The Efficiency of Immunoprecipitation of microRNA/Ago2 Complexes from Human Blood Plasma Is Protocol Dependent. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shyamasundar S, Ong C, Yung LYL, Dheen ST, Bay BH. miR-128 Regulates Genes Associated with Inflammation and Fibrosis of Rat Kidney Cells In Vitro. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:913-921. [PMID: 29278451 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate diverse cellular functions and signaling pathways via inhibiting the expression of their target genes. Given that miR-128 mediates mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory chemokines in various types of cells and tissues, and that miR-128 is differentially expressed in aged and diseased kidneys, we hypothesized that miR-128 may play key roles in kidney inflammation. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the biological effects of miR-128 in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells in vitro. Our results revealed that overexpression of miR-128 enhanced expression of genes associated with inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in NRK cells. The recent reports showing that expression of miR-128 is increased in liver and lung fibrosis, together with the findings in this study, suggest that miR-128 may be a pro-fibrotic miRNA that regulates fibrosis in various tissues. Anat Rec, 301:913-921, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Shyamasundar
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Cynthia Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
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Chen J, Du G, Wang Y, Shi L, Mi J, Tang G. Integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in oral lichen planus: preliminary results. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:390-402.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis arises because prolonged injury combined with excessive scar deposition within hepatic parenchyma arising from overactive wound healing response mediated by activated myofibroblasts. Fibrosis is the common end point for any type of chronic liver injury including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and cholestatic liver diseases. Although genetic influences are important, it is epigenetic mechanisms that have been shown to orchestrate many aspects of fibrogenesis in the liver. New discoveries in the field are leading toward the development of epigenetic biomarkers and targeted therapies. This review considers epigenetic mechanisms as well as recent advances in epigenetic programming in the context of hepatic fibrosis.
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Key Words
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- Chronic Liver Disease
- CpG, cytosine-phospho-guanine
- DNA Methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- Epigenetics
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Histone Modifications
- Liver Fibrosis
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- TET, Ten Eleven Translocation
- miRNA, microRNA
- ncRNA, non-coding RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Mann
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jelena Mann, PhD, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH United Kingdom. fax: +44-191-208-0723.Institute of Cellular MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences4th FloorWilliam Leech BuildingNewcastle UniversityFramlington PlaceNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH United Kingdom
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Sanjay S, Girish C. Role of miRNA and its potential as a novel diagnostic biomarker in drug-induced liver injury. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 73:399-407. [PMID: 28028586 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNA or miR) are the most abundant and stable class of small RNA. Unlike the typical RNA molecules present in the cell, they do not encode proteins but can control translation. and Hhence, they are found to play a major role in the regulation of cellular processes. miRNAs have been shown to differentially regulate various genes, and the expression levels of some miRNAs changes several fold in liver and serum, during drug- induced toxicity. This review summarises some of the latest findings about the biological functions of miRNA and its potential use as diagnostic biomarkers in drug- induced liver injury. METHODS The information presented in this article is taken from published literature, both original work and reviews on mechanisms of drug- induced liver injury, miRNA in liver pathophysiology, and studies exploring the use of miRNA as biomarker in drug- induced liver injury. Literature search was done using search engines:- PUBMED, Google scholar, and relevant journal sites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recent research provides insight into the ability of miRNA to regulate various pathways in diseased and nondiseased states of liver. They also lay a foundation for development of diagnostic tests utilizing the potential of miRNAs that can not only be used for early detection of DILI but also to differentiate between different types of DILI. More studies on biological functions of miRNA and standardisation of protocol between research laboratories can lead to further advancement in this field. Considering the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of miRNA, the major challenge would be to integrate these findings to clinical settings where it can be used for the treatment of cases with DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Sanjay
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chandrashekaran Girish
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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Bie ZD, Sun LY, Geng CL, Meng QG, Lin XJ, Wang YF, Wang XB, Yang J. MiR-125b regulates SFRP5 expression to promote growth and activation of cardiac fibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1224-1234. [PMID: 27592695 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-dong Bie
- Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan 250012 Shandong China
- Department of Cardiology; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Li-ye Sun
- Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan 250012 Shandong China
- Department of Geratology; Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital; Yantai 264000 Shandong China
| | - Chuan-liang Geng
- Department of Cardiology; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Qing-guo Meng
- Emergency Department; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Xiao-jing Lin
- Department of Cardiology; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Yu-feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Xue-ban Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Weihai Central Hospital; Weihai 264423 Shandong China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology; Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital; 20# Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District Yantai 264000 Shandong China
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Qi F, Hu JF, Liu BH, Wu CQ, Yu HY, Yao DK, Zhu L. MiR-9a-5p regulates proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells under pressure through inhibition of Sirt1. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9900-9915. [PMID: 26379395 PMCID: PMC4566383 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To reveal the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) with respect to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in response to portal hypertension.
METHODS: Primary rat HSCs were exposed to static water pressure (10 mmHg, 1 h) and the pressure-induced miRNA expression profile was detected by next-generation sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression of miRNAs. A potential target of MiR-9a-5p was measured by a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of HSCs under pressure.
RESULTS: According to the profile, the expression of miR-9a-5p was further confirmed to be significantly increased after pressure overload in HSCs (3.70 ± 0.61 vs 0.97 ± 0.15, P = 0.0226), which resulted in the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs. In vivo, the up-regulation of miR-9a-5p (2.09 ± 0.91 vs 4.27 ± 1.74, P = 0.0025) and the down-regulation of Sirt1 (2.41 ± 0.51 vs 1.13 ± 0.11, P = 0.0006) were observed in rat fibrotic liver with portal hypertension. Sirt1 was a potential target gene of miR-9a-5p. Through restoring the expression of Sirt1 in miR-9a-5p transfected HSCs on pressure overload, we found that overexpression of Sirt1 could partially abrogate the miR-9a-5p mediated suppression of the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that during liver fibrosis, portal hypertension may induce the proliferation, migration and activation of HSCs through the up-regulation of miR-9a-5p, which targets Sirt1.
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Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells are resident perisinusoidal cells distributed throughout the liver, with a remarkable range of functions in normal and injured liver. Derived embryologically from septum transversum mesenchyme, their precursors include submesothelial cells that invade the liver parenchyma from the hepatic capsule. In normal adult liver, their most characteristic feature is the presence of cytoplasmic perinuclear droplets that are laden with retinyl (vitamin A) esters. Normal stellate cells display several patterns of intermediate filaments expression (e.g., desmin, vimentin, and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein) suggesting that there are subpopulations within this parental cell type. In the normal liver, stellate cells participate in retinoid storage, vasoregulation through endothelial cell interactions, extracellular matrix homeostasis, drug detoxification, immunotolerance, and possibly the preservation of hepatocyte mass through secretion of mitogens including hepatocyte growth factor. During liver injury, stellate cells activate into alpha smooth muscle actin-expressing contractile myofibroblasts, which contribute to vascular distortion and increased vascular resistance, thereby promoting portal hypertension. Other features of stellate cell activation include mitogen-mediated proliferation, increased fibrogenesis driven by connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 1, amplified inflammation and immunoregulation, and altered matrix degradation. Evolving areas of interest in stellate cell biology seek to understand mechanisms of their clearance during fibrosis resolution by either apoptosis, senescence, or reversion, and their contribution to hepatic stem cell amplification, regeneration, and hepatocellular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Puche
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, New York
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Page A, Mann DA, Mann J. The mechanisms of HSC activation and epigenetic regulation of HSCs phenotypes. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:163-170. [PMID: 27413631 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a dynamically expanding field of science entailing numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling changes of gene expression in response to environmental factors. Over the recent years there has been a great interest in epigenetic marks as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool or future target for treatment of various human diseases. There is an increasing body of published research to suggest that epigenetic events regulate progression of chronic liver disease. Experimental manipulation of epigenetic signatures such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation / methylation and the activities of proteins that either annotate or interpret these epigenetic marks can have profound effects on the activation and phenotype of HSC, key cells responsible for onset and progression of liver fibrosis. This review presents recent advances in epigenetic alterations, which could provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and provide novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Page
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4 Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4 Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4 Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Huang J, Yu X, Fries JWU, Zhang L, Odenthal M. MicroRNA function in the profibrogenic interplay upon chronic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9360-71. [PMID: 24871365 PMCID: PMC4100099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic liver disease leading to fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) differentiate into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblastic HSC have taken center stage during liver fibrogenesis, due to their remarkable synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, their secretion of profibrogenic mediators and their contribution to hypertension, due to elevated contractility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules of 19–24 nucleotides in length. By either RNA interference or inhibition of translational initiation and elongation, each miRNA is able to inhibit the gene expression of a wide panel of targeted transcripts. Recently, it was shown that altered miRNA patterns after chronic liver disease highly affect the progression of fibrosis by their potential to target the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and the synthesis of mediators of profibrogenic pathways. Here, we underline the role of miRNAs in the interplay of the profibrogenic cell communication pathways upon myofibroblastic differentiation of hepatic stellate cells in the chronically injured liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany.
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany.
| | - Jochen W U Fries
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany.
| | - Li'ang Zhang
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany.
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany.
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Therapeutic potential of microRNA: a new target to treat intrahepatic portal hypertension? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:797898. [PMID: 24812632 DOI: 10.1155/2014/797898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic portal hypertension accounts for most of the morbidity and mortality encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis, due to increased portal inflow and intrahepatic vascular resistance. Most treatments have focused only on portal inflow or vascular resistance. However, miRNA multitarget regulation therapy may potentially intervene in these two processes for therapeutic benefit in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This review presents an overview of the most recent knowledge of and future possibilities for the use of miRNA therapy. The benefits of this therapeutic modality--which is poorly applied in the clinical setting--are still uncertain. Increasing the knowledge and current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the development of intrahepatic portal hypertension and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) functions, as well as their potential as novel drug targets, is critical.
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Li MR, Lu LG, Bu P. Advances in research of epigenetic regulation in liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3499-3504. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i32.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological repair process in response to chronic injury caused by various etiologies in the liver. Imbalance between the expression of pro-fibrosis genes and anti-fibrosis genes play a pivotal role in hepatic fibrosis. The important path of reversing liver fibrosis is the early diagnosis and effective treatment. Epigenetic modifications have been considered an initial event in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in liver fibrosis are intricate, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, many researchers have studied the effect of fibrosis-related gene expression at the epigenetic level on hepatic stellate cell activation and myofibroblast differentiation in hepatic fibrosis. This review discusses the epigenetic regulation in liver fibrosis, with an aim to provide new insights into the early non-invasive diagnosis, condition assessment and targeted therapy of this disease.
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Witman N, Heigwer J, Thaler B, Lui WO, Morrison JI. miR-128 regulates non-myocyte hyperplasia, deposition of extracellular matrix and Islet1 expression during newt cardiac regeneration. Dev Biol 2013; 383:253-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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