1
|
Karin M, Kim JY. MASH as an emerging cause of hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38874196 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest and fastest-growing cancers. Among HCC etiologies, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has served as a major HCC driver due to its great potential for increasing cirrhosis. The obesogenic environment fosters a positive energy balance and results in a continuous rise of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is difficult to understand how metabolic complications lead to the poor prognosis of liver diseases and which molecular mechanisms are underpinning MAFLD-driven HCC development. Thus, suitable preclinical models that recapitulate human etiologies are essentially required. Numerous preclinical models have been created but not many mimicked anthropometric measures and the course of disease progression shown in the patients. Here we review the literature on adipose tissues, liver-related HCC etiologies and recently discovered genetic mutation signatures found in MAFLD-driven HCC patients. We also critically review current rodent models suggested for MAFLD-driven HCC study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu MY, Yeh ML, Huang CI, Wang SC, Tsai YS, Tsai PC, Ko YM, Lin CC, Chen KY, Wei YJ, Hsu PY, Hsu CT, Jang TY, Liu TW, Liang PC, Hsieh MY, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Huang CF, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Dynamics of cytokines predicts risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis C patients after viral eradication. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:140-153. [PMID: 35125824 PMCID: PMC8793012 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces profound alterations in the cytokine and chemokine signatures in peripheral blood. Clearance of HCV by antivirals results in host immune modification, which may interfere with immune-mediated cancer surveillance. Identifying HCV patients who remain at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following HCV eradication remains an unmet need. We hypothesized that antiviral therapy-induced immune reconstruction may be relevant to HCC development.
AIM To investigate the impact of differential dynamics of cytokine expression on the development of HCC following successful antiviral therapy.
METHODS One hundred treatment-naïve HCV patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/4) treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) or peginterferon/ribavirin who achieved sustained virologic response [SVR, defined as undetectable HCV RNA throughout 12 wk (SVR12) for the DAA group or 24 wk (SVR24) for the interferon group after completion of antiviral therapy] were enrolled since 2003. The primary endpoint was the development of new-onset HCC. Standard HCC surveillance (abdominal ultrasound and α-fetoprotein) was performed every six months during the follow-up. Overall, 64 serum cytokines were detected by the multiplex immunoassay at baseline and 24 wk after end-of-treatment.
RESULTS HCC developed in 12 of the 97 patients over 459 person-years after HCV eradication. In univariate analysis, the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the dynamics of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) after antiviral therapy were significant HCC predictors. The multivariate Cox regression model showed that ΔTNF-α (≤ -5.7 pg/mL) was the most important risk factor for HCC (HR = 11.54, 95%CI: 2.27-58.72, P = 0.003 in overall cases; HR = 9.98, 95%CI: 1.88-52.87, P = 0.007 in the interferon group). An HCC predictive model comprising FIB-4, HbA1c, ΔTNF-α, and ΔTWEAK had excellent performance, with 3-, 5-, 10-, and 13-year areas under the curve of 0.882, 0.864, 0.903, and 1.000, respectively. The 5-year accumulative risks of HCC were 0%, 16.9%, and 40.0% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively.
CONCLUSION Downregulation of serum TNF-α significantly increases the risk of HCC after HCV eradication. A predictive model consisting of cytokine kinetics could ameliorate personalized HCC surveillance strategies for post-SVR HCV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lu
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Ko
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Hsu
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reig M, Forner A, Ávila MA, Ayuso C, Mínguez B, Varela M, Bilbao I, Bilbao JI, Burrel M, Bustamante J, Ferrer J, Gómez MÁ, Llovet JM, De la Mata M, Matilla A, Pardo F, Pastrana MA, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Tabernero J, Urbano J, Vera R, Sangro B, Bruix J. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Update of the consensus document of the AEEH, AEC, SEOM, SERAM, SERVEI, and SETH. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 156:463.e1-463.e30. [PMID: 33461840 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver neoplasm and one of the most common causes of death in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In parallel, with recognition of the clinical relevance of this cancer, major new developments have recently appeared in its diagnosis, prognostic assessment and in particular, in its treatment. Therefore, the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH) has driven the need to update the clinical practice guidelines, once again inviting all the societies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease to participate in the drafting and approval of the document: Spanish Society for Liver Transplantation (SETH), Spanish Society of Diagnostic Radiology (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) and Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). The clinical practice guidelines published in 2016 and accepted as National Health System Clinical Practice Guidelines were taken as the reference documents, incorporating the most important recent advances. The scientific evidence and the strength of the recommendation is based on the GRADE system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Reig
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Programa de Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, España
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Beatriz Mínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Vall d́Hebron, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Hepáticas (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona, España
| | - María Varela
- Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo, España
| | - Itxarone Bilbao
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Servicio de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplantes Digestivos, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona, España
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- Unidad de Radiología Vascular e Intervencionista, Departamento de Radiodiagnóstico, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Marta Burrel
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Javier Bustamante
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Sección de Hepatología y Trasplante, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Baracaldo, España
| | - Joana Ferrer
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Gómez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplantes, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - Josep María Llovet
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología Hepática, Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Manuel De la Mata
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Unidad Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | - Ana Matilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Fernando Pardo
- Servicio de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplante, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Miguel A Pastrana
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Unidad Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - José Urbano
- Unidad de Radiología Vascular e Intervencionista, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España
| | - Ruth Vera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo hospitalario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed-IDISNA, Pamplona, España
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España; Unidad de Hepatología y Área de Oncología HBP, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, España.
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, España.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeyarajan AJ, Chung RT. Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Liver Disease in HCV/HIV: Does it End With HCV Cure? J Infect Dis 2020; 222:S802-S813. [PMID: 33245355 PMCID: PMC7693973 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV-HIV coinfected patients exhibit rapid progression of liver damage relative to HCV monoinfected patients. The availability of new directly acting antiviral agents has dramatically improved outcomes for coinfected patients as sustained virologic response rates now exceed 95% and fibrosis-related parameters are improved. Nevertheless, coinfected patients still have a higher mortality risk and more severe hepatocellular carcinoma compared to HCV monoinfected patients, implying the existence of pathways unique to people living with HIV that continue to promote accelerated liver disease. In this article, we review the pathobiology of liver disease in HCV-HIV coinfected patients in the directly acting antiviral era and explore the mechanisms through which HIV itself induces liver damage. Since liver disease is one of the leading causes of non-AIDS-related mortality in HIV-positive patients, enhancing our understanding of HIV-associated fibrotic pathways will remain important for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to slow or reverse liver disease progression, even after HCV cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Jeyarajan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walker AJ, Peacock CJ, Pedergnana V, Irving WL. Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:442-456. [PMID: 29397014 PMCID: PMC6321980 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Individuals at heightened risk could be targeted by intensive follow-up surveillance. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV-infected patients. A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases was performed, and the strength of evidence of associations for each gene on development of HCC was evaluated. We identified 166 relevant studies, relating to 137 different genes, or combinations thereof. Seventeen genes were classified as having "good" evidence of an association, a significant association was observed for 37 genes but this finding had not yet been replicated, 56 genes had mixed or limited evidence of an association, and 27 genes showed no association. IFNL3/4, TNF-α and PNPLA3 genes had the most evidence of an association. There was, however, considerable heterogeneity in study design and data quality. In conclusion, we identified a number of genes with evidence of association with HCC, but also a need for more standardized approaches to address this clinically critical question. It is important to consider the underlying mechanism of these relationships and which are confounded by the presence of other HCC risk factors and response to therapy. We also identified many genes where the evidence of association is contradictory or requires replication, as well as a number where associations have been studied but no evidence found. These findings should help to direct future studies on host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Walker
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Centre for Evidence Based MedicineDepartment of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - C. J. Peacock
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - V. Pedergnana
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - W. L. Irving
- National Institute for Health research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang XZ, Huang XY, Yao JG, Wang C, Xia Q, Long XD. Genetic polymorphisms in ataxin-3 and liver cirrhosis risk related to aflatoxin B1. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27321-27332. [PMID: 29937988 PMCID: PMC6007954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression of ataxin-3 (AT3) can modify DNA repair capacity and is observed in human diseases. The genetic polymorphisms of this gene in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)–related liver cirrhosis (LC) have not yet been elucidated. Materials and Methods We conducted a hospital-based case–control study, including 384 patients with LC and 851 controls without any liver diseases, to assess the association between 264 polymorphisms in AT3 and AFB1-related LC risk. Genotype were tested using TaqMan-PCR or sequencing technique. Results We found three differentially distributed SNPs (rs8021276, rs7158733, and rs10146249) via the screening analysis; however, only rs8021276 polymorphism was further identified to modify the risk of LC. Compared with the homozygote of rs8021276 A alleles (rs8021276-AA), the genotypes of rs8021276 G alleles (rs8021276-AG or -GG) increased LC risk (OR: 2.48 and 6.98; 95% CI: 1.84–3.33 and 4.35–11.22, respectively). Significant interactive effects between risk genotypes and AFB1 exposure status were also observed in the joint effects analysis. Additionally, rs8021276 polymorphism was also associated with down-regulation of AT3 mRNA expression and increasing AFB1-DNA adducts in liver tissues with cirrhosis. Conclusions These results suggest AT3 polymorphisms may be risk biomarkers of AFB1-related LC, and rs8021276 is a potential candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhizi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jin-Guang Yao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xi-Dai Long
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Guangxi Clinic Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Baise 533000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nahon P, Nault JC. Constitutional and functional genetics of human alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2017; 37:1591-1601. [PMID: 28296015 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of the constitutional genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has identified numerous variants associated with a higher risk of liver cancer in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Although Genome-Wide Association studies have not been carried out in the field of alcohol-related HCC, common single nucleotide polymorphisms conferring a small increase in the risk of liver cancer risk have been identified and shown to modulate ethanol metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, iron or lipid metabolism. Specific patterns of gene mutations including CTNNB1, TERT, ARID1A and SMARCA2 exist in alcohol-related HCC. Moreover, a specific mutational process observed at the nucleotide level by next generation sequencing has revealed cooperation between alcohol and tobacco in the development of HCC. Combining this genetic information with epidemiological and clinical data that might define specific HCC risk classes and refine surveillance strategies needs to be assessed in large prospective cohorts of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nahon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépatologie, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR-1162, "Functional Genetics of Solid Tumours", Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Oncoimmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépatologie, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR-1162, "Functional Genetics of Solid Tumours", Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Oncoimmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Yang TB, Nan YL, Li AH, Pan DX, Xu Y, Li S, Li T, Zeng XY, Qiu XQ. Genetic variants of cell cycle pathway genes predict disease-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017. [PMID: 28639733 PMCID: PMC5504311 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the cell cycle pathway has previously been related to development of human cancers. However, associations between genetic variants of cell cycle pathway genes and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the associations between 24 potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 16 main cell cycle pathway genes and disease‐free survival (DFS) of 271 HCC patients who had undergone radical surgery resection. We identified two SNPs, i.e., SMAD3 rs11556090 A>G and RBL2 rs3929G>C, that were independently predictive of DFS in an additive genetic model with false‐positive report probability (FPRP) <0.2. The SMAD3 rs11556090G allele was associated with a poorer DFS, compared with the A allele [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) = 1.13–1.89, P = 0.004]; while the RBL2 rs3929 C allele was associated with a superior DFS, compared with the G allele (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57–0.96, P = 0.023). Additionally, patients with an increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (NUGs) of these loci had a significant shorter DFS (Ptrend = 0.0001). Further analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the model including the NUGs and known prognostic clinical variables demonstrated a significant improvement in predicting the 1‐year DFS (P = 0.011). Moreover, the RBL2 rs3929 C allele was significantly associated with increased mRNA expression levels of RBL2 in liver tissue (P = 1.8 × 10−7) and the whole blood (P = 3.9 × 10−14). Our data demonstrated an independent or a joint effect of SMAD3 rs11556090 and RBL2 rs3929 in the cell cycle pathway on DFS of HCC, which need to be validated by large cohort and biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tian-Bo Yang
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yue-Li Nan
- Shenzhen Longhua Center for Chronic Diseases Prevention and Control, 118 Guanlan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, China
| | - An-Hua Li
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dong-Xiang Pan
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ting Li
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsai JF, Chen SC, Lin ZY, Dai CY, Huang JF, Yu ML, Chuang WL. Independent and additive interaction between polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor α-308 and lymphotoxin α+252 on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:453-457. [PMID: 28865603 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This case-control study was aimed to assess the effect of genetic variants of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-308 and lymphotoxin (LT) α+252 on development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their gene-gene interaction was also investigated. We enrolled 200 pairs of age- and sex-matched patients with cirrhotic HBV-HCC and unrelated patients with HBV-cirrhosis alone. Polymorphisms of TNFα-308 and LTα+252 were genotyped. Synergy index was used to calculate interaction between the variant genotypes. The results indicated that the frequency distribution of the variant genotypes (TNFα-308 G/A and LTα+252 G/G) in patients with HCC were significantly higher than those in patients with cirrhosis alone. Multivariate analysis indicated that TNFα-308 G/A (odds ratio [OR], 2.34) and LTα+252 G/G (OR, 2.04) were independent risk factors for HCC. By the clinical characteristics of study population, multivariate analysis demonstrated that independent factors associated with harboring the variant genotypes included cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR = 6.47 in cases and OR = 11.56 in controls) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 8.86 in cases and OR = 7.74 in controls). Calculation of synergy index (SI) indicated that there are additive interaction between TNFα-308 G/A and LTα+252 G/G on risk of HCC (SI = 1.29). IN CONCLUSION There are independent and additive interactions between TNFα-308 G/A and LTα+252 G/G on risk for HBV-HCC. They correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis and severe liver damage, which might contribute to a higher risk for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Fa Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shinn-Chern Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Díaz-González Á, Forner A. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:1001-1010. [PMID: 27938779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) appears mainly in patients with underlying liver disease and it is recognized as one of the most important causes of death in this population. Early detection by surveillance has been suggested as an effective tool for reducing cancer-specific mortality and the most accepted strategy is semiannual abdominal ultrasound in those patients at risk of HCC development. The benefit of HCC surveillance is proven by a randomized-controlled study, several prospective or retrospective analyses, and multiple modeling studies and according to the current scientific evidence, surveillance of HCC should be recommended and widely implemented. Major efforts should be done for improving the diagnostic accuracy of the screening tools and for better identifying those patients at risk of HCC development in whom a surveillance program would be cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Díaz-González
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the field of liver diseases have revealed previously unknown pathogenic loci and generated new biological hypotheses. In 2008, a GWAS performed in a population-based sample study, where hepatic liver fat content was measured by magnetic spectroscopy, showed a strong association between a variant (rs738409 C>G p.I148M) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further replication studies have shown robust associations between PNPLA3 and steatosis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of metabolic, alcoholic, and viral insults. The PNPLA3 protein has lipase activity towards triglycerides in hepatocytes and retinyl esters in hepatic stellate cells. The I148M substitution leads to a loss of function promoting triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Although PNPLA3 function has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis remain unclear. This unsuspected association has highlighted the fact that liver fat metabolism may have a major impact on the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Conversely, alone, this locus may have limited predictive value with regard to liver disease outcomes in clinical practice. Additional studies at the genome-wide level will be required to identify new variants associated with liver damage and cancer to explain a greater proportion of the heritability of these phenotypes. Thus, incorporating PNPLA3 and other genetic variants in combination with clinical data will allow for the development of tailored predictive models. This attractive approach should be evaluated in prospective cohorts.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu Y, Li N, Gao L, Xu YJ, Huang C, Yu K, Ling Q, Cheng Q, Chen S, Zhu M, Fang J, Chen M, Ong CN. Acetylcarnitine Is a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2912-20. [PMID: 26976432 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of serum biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma has been elusive to date. In this study, we took a mass spectroscopic approach to characterize metabolic features of the liver in hepatocellular carcinoma patients to discover more sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and progression. Global metabolic profiling of 50 pairs of matched liver tissue samples from hepatocellular carcinoma patients was performed. A series of 62 metabolites were found to be altered significantly in liver tumors; however, levels of acetylcarnitine correlated most strongly with tumor grade and could discriminate between hepatocellular carcinoma tumors and matched normal tissues. Post hoc analysis to evaluate serum diagnosis and progression potential further confirmed the diagnostic capability of serum acetylcarnitine. Finally, an external validation in an independent batch of 58 serum samples (18 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 20 liver cirrhosis patients, and 20 healthy individuals) verified that serum acetylcarnitine was a meaningful biomarker reflecting hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and progression. These findings present a strong new candidate biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma with potentially significant diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2912-20. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Lu
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Gao
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangkang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxia Ling
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengsen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Fang
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore. NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Forner A, Reig M, Varela M, Burrel M, Feliu J, Briceño J, Sastre J, Martí-Bonmati L, Llovet JM, Bilbao JI, Sangro B, Pardo F, Ayuso C, Bru C, Tabernero J, Bruix J. [Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Update consensus document from the AEEH, SEOM, SERAM, SERVEI and SETH]. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 146:511.e1-511.e22. [PMID: 26971984 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and one of the most frequent causes of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Simultaneously with the recognition of the clinical relevance of this neoplasm, in recent years there have been important developments in the diagnosis, staging and treatment of HCC. Consequently, the Asociación Española para el Estudio del Hígado has driven the need to update clinical practice guidelines, continuing to invite all the societies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease to participate in the drafting and approval of the document (Sociedad Española de Trasplante Hepático, Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica, Sociedad Española de Radiología Vascular e Intervencionista y Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica). The clinical practice guidelines published in 2009 accepted as Clinical Practice Guidelines of the National Health System has been taken as reference document, incorporating the most important advances that have been made in recent years. The scientific evidence for the treatment of HCC has been evaluated according to the recommendations of the National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov) and the strength of recommendation is based on the GRADE system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Forner
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), España
| | - María Reig
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), España
| | - María Varela
- Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - Marta Burrel
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica, Madrid, España
| | - Javier Briceño
- Unidad de Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | - Javier Sastre
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmati
- Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Josep María Llovet
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), España; Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Estados Unidos
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- Unidad de Radiología Vascular e Intervencionista, Departamento de Radiodiagnóstico, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), España; Unidad de Hepatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Fernando Pardo
- Servicio de Cirugía Hepatobliopancreática y Trasplante, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Concepció Bru
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Unidad de Oncología Hepática (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer), Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), España.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM. Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1226-1239.e4. [PMID: 26099527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a major cause of cancer-related death. Its mortality has increased in Western populations, with a minority of patients diagnosed at early stages, when curative treatments are feasible. Only the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is available for the management of advanced cases. During the last 10 years, there has been a clear delineation of the landscape of genetic alterations in HCC, including high-level DNA amplifications in chromosome 6p21 (VEGFA) and 11q13 (FGF19/CNND1), as well as homozygous deletions in chromosome 9 (CDKN2A). The most frequent mutations affect TERT promoter (60%), associated with an increased telomerase expression. TERT promoter can also be affected by copy number variations and hepatitis B DNA insertions, and it can be found mutated in preneoplastic lesions. TP53 and CTNNB1 are the next most prevalent mutations, affecting 25%-30% of HCC patients, that, in addition to low-frequency mutated genes (eg, AXIN1, ARID2, ARID1A, TSC1/TSC2, RPS6KA3, KEAP1, MLL2), help define some of the core deregulated pathways in HCC. Conceptually, some of these changes behave as prototypic oncogenic addiction loops, being ideal biomarkers for specific therapeutic approaches. Data from genomic profiling enabled a proposal of HCC in 2 major molecular clusters (proliferation and nonproliferation), with differential enrichment in prognostic signatures, pathway activation and tumor phenotype. Translation of these discoveries into specific therapeutic decisions is an unmet medical need in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris.
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Liver Unit, CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme genes and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese population: a case-control study. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4627-32. [PMID: 25894370 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased oxidant burden has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, and several antioxidant enzymes counteract potential oxidative damage. So, polymorphisms in the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association of polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme genes, including three superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), with HCC in a Chinese population consisting of 434 HCC patients and 480 control subjects. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. For the ECSOD Ala40Thr polymorphism, a significant association was observed between this polymorphism and HCC risk in non-hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers but not in HBV carriers, and individuals with one 40Thr allele (Ala/Thr genotype) (OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.25-3.64, P = 0.006) or at least one 40Thr allele (Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr genotype) (OR = 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.15-3.15, P = 0.012) showed significantly higher risk to HCC, compared with Ala/Ala genotype. No significant associations were observed between three other polymorphisms (MnSOD Ala16Val, CAT-262C/T, GPx Pro198Leu) and HCC susceptibility in both HBV carriers and non-HBV carriers. Furthermore, no other signs of combined effects, except for a combined effect of ECSOD Ala40Thr and MnSOD Val16Ala in non-HBV carriers, were observed for each combination of these four polymorphisms. In conclusion, our results indicate that the antioxidant enzyme gene polymorphisms at least partially contribute to the susceptibility to HCC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nahon P, Sutton A, Ziol M, Zucman-Rossi J, Trinchet JC, Ganne-Carrié N. Genetic risk markers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:63-78. [PMID: 30190987 DOI: 10.2217/hep.14.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Various single nucleotide polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Until now, only common variants conferring a small increase in liver cancer risk have been identified. These inherited factors are able to modulate several biological pathways involved in alcohol-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, such as ethanol metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, or iron and lipid homeostasis. How the combination of these variants might collectively define an individual genomic risk prediction is currently being investigated. The other challenge in clinical practice lies in defining how to integrate this genetic information with other clinical parameters so as to refine selection of alcoholic cirrhotic patients according to various classes of hepatocellular carcinoma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nahon
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,INSERM U1148, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,INSERM U1148, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Centre de Ressources biologiques GH PSSD, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Centre de Ressources biologiques GH PSSD, Bondy, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75013, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Trinchet
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Centre de Ressources biologiques GH PSSD, Bondy, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Centre de Ressources biologiques GH PSSD, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, équipe labellisée "Ligue Contre Le Cancer", Paris, F-75010 France
| |
Collapse
|