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Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Modesto-Mata M, García-Campos C, Arsuaga JL, Martinón-Torres M. Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Maxillary dentition. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2325-2342. [PMID: 34866354 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain) has yielded a considerable number of human fossils during the period 1984-2020. Among them, up to 253 maxillary teeth have been recovered. In this article, we present the description of the eight dental classes of the maxilla following the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System classification. In addition, we present the mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of these teeth compared to those of Neanderthals and a modern human sample. The morphology of both the anterior and posterior teeth suggests a close relationship of the Sima de los Huesos hominins with the populations of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene of Europe and the Near East, as well as with the so-called classic Neanderthals of Europe. Features with a recognizable taxonomic signal allow grouping the Sima de los Huesos hominins with different paleodemes into a Neanderthal clade. The dental evidence of the Sima de los Huesos hominins is key to suggest a complex model for the settlement of Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. During this period, different migrations of human groups probably coming from Southwest Asia, replacements, prolonged isolations, as well as hybridization and introgression processes would have contributed to the diversity of hominins in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Department of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Department of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Department of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
- Fundación Atapuerca, Carretera de Logroño 44, Ibeas de Juarros, Burgos, 09198, Spain
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- Department of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
- Fundación Atapuerca, Carretera de Logroño 44, Ibeas de Juarros, Burgos, 09198, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Department of Paleobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Modesto-Mata M, García-Campos C, Arsuaga JL, Martinón-Torres M. Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Mandibular dentition. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2394-2409. [PMID: 34851548 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain) has yielded a considerable number of human fossils during the period 1984-2020. Among them, up to 314 mandibular teeth have been identified. In this second paper dedicated to the dentition we present the description of the eight dental classes of the mandible following the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) classification. In addition, we show the mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters obtained in these teeth compared to those of Neanderthals and a modern human sample. The morphology of both the anterior and posterior teeth suggests a close relationship of the Sima de los Huesos hominins with the populations of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene of Europe and the Near East, as well as with the so-called classic Neanderthals of Europe. The combination of dental traits in these populations is characteristic and diagnostic and suggests grouping the Sima de los Huesos hominins with the other paleodemes in a Neanderthal clade. The dental evidence of the Sima de los Huesos hominins is key to propose a complex model for the settlement of Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. In this period, different migrations of human groups probably coming from Southwest Asia, replacements, prolonged isolations, as well as hybridization and introgression processes would have contributed to the diversity of hominins in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Bermúdez de Castro
- CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Martín-Francés
- CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
- Fundación Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain
- Fundación Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Šimková PG, Wurm L, Fornai C, Krenn VA, Weber GW. Shape variation in modern human upper premolars. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301482. [PMID: 38593117 PMCID: PMC11003632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphological variation in modern human dentition is still an open field of study. The understanding of dental shape and metrics is relevant for the advancement of human biology and evolution and is thus of interest in the fields of dental anthropology, as well as human anatomy and medicine. Of concern is also the variation of the inner aspects of the crown which can be investigated using the tools and methods of virtual anthropology. In this study, we explored inter- and intra-population morphometric variation of modern humans' upper third and fourth premolars (P3s and P4s, respectively) considering both the inner and outer aspects of the crown, and discrete traits. We worked by means of geometric morphometrics on 3D image data from a geographically balanced sample of human populations from five continents, to analyse the shape of the dentinal crown, and the crown outline in 78 P3s and 76 P4s from 85 individuals. For the study of dental traits, we referred to the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System integrated with more recent classification systems. The 3D shape variation of upper premolar crowns varied between short and mesio-distally broad, and tall and mesio-distally narrow. The observed shape variation was independent from the geographical origin of the populations, and resulted in extensive overlap. We noted a high pairwise correlation (r1 = 0.83) between upper P3s and P4s. We did not find any significant geographic differences in the analysed non-metric traits. Our outcomes thus suggest that geographical provenance does not play a determinant role in the shaping of the dental crown, whose genesis is under strict genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra G. Šimková
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences HEAS, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Wurm
- Medical Technology Cluster, Business Upper Austria–OÖ Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | - Cinzia Fornai
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences HEAS, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Research in Occlusion Medicine, Vienna School of Interdisciplinary Dentistry–VieSID, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria A. Krenn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard W. Weber
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences HEAS, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Popovici M, Groza VM, Bejenaru L, Petraru OM. Dental morphological variation in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age human populations from North-Eastern Romania. Ann Anat 2023; 245:152015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mian M, Tan J, Yong R, Williams R, Labrinidis A, Anderson PJ, Ranjitkar S. Craniofacial Phenomics: Three-Dimensional Assessment of the Size and Shape of Cranial and Dentofacial Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2403:107-127. [PMID: 34913120 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial phenomics has opened up numerous opportunities to correlate genetic and epigenetic factors to craniofacial phenotypes in order to improve our understanding of growth and development in health and disease. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has played a key role in advancing craniofacial phenomics by facilitating highly sensitive and specific characterizations of craniofacial and dental morphology. Here we describe the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to image the murine craniofacial complex, followed by surface reconstruction for traditional morphometric analyses. We also describe the application of geometric morphometrics, based on Generalized Procrustes Analysis, for use in human premolars. These principles are interchangeable between various vertebrate species, and between various surface imaging techniques (including micro-CT and 3D surface scanners), offering a high level of versatility and precision for extensive phenotyping of the entire craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mian
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jenny Tan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robin Yong
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agatha Labrinidis
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
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Comparative dental study between Homo antecessor and Chinese Homo erectus: Nonmetric features and geometric morphometrics. J Hum Evol 2021; 161:103087. [PMID: 34742110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese Middle Pleistocene fossils from Hexian, Xichuan, Yiyuan, and Zhoukoudian have been generally classified as Homo erectus s.s. These hominins share some primitive features with other Homo specimens, but they also display unique cranial and dental traits. Thus, the Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominins share with other European and Asian hominin populations the so-called 'Eurasian dental pattern'. The late Early Pleistocene hominins from Gran Dolina-TD6.2 (Spain), representing the species Homo antecessor, also exhibit the Eurasian dental pattern, which may suggest common roots. To assess phylogenetic affinities of these two taxa, we evaluated and compared nonmetric and metric dental features and interpreted morphological differences within a comparative hominin framework. We determined that the robust roots of the molars, the shelf-like protostylid, the dendrite-like pattern of the enamel-dentine junction surface of the upper fourth premolars and molars, the strongly folded dentine of the labial surface of the upper incisors, and the rare occurrence of a mid-trigonid crest in the lower molars, are all characteristic of Chinese H. erectus. With regard to H. antecessor, we observed the consistent expression of a continuous mid-trigonid crest, the absence of a cingulum in the upper canines, a complex root pattern of the lower premolars, and a rhomboidal occlusal contour and occlusal polygon and protrusion in the external outline of a large a bulging hypocone in the first and second upper molars. Using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we further demonstrated that H. antecessor falls outside the range of variation of Chinese H. erectus for occlusal crown outline shape, the orientation of occlusal grooves, and relative locations of anterior and posterior foveae in the P4s, P3s, M1s, M2s, and M2s. Given their geographic and temporal separation, the differences between these two species suggest their divergence occurred at some point in the Early Pleistocene, and thereafter they followed different evolutionary paths.
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Xing S, Martinón-Torres M, Deng C, Shao Q, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhou X, Pan L, Ge J, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Liu W. Early Pleistocene hominin teeth from Meipu, southern China. J Hum Evol 2021; 151:102924. [PMID: 33418452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rarity and poor preservation of hominin fossils from the East Asian Early Pleistocene hamper our understanding of their taxonomy and possible phylogenetic relationship with other members of the genus Homo. In the 1970s, four isolated hominin teeth were recovered from the Meipu site, southern China, which biostratigraphic analysis placed in the late Early Pleistocene. Early reports assigned the teeth to late Homo erectus. Since then, the teeth have not been re-evaluated, nor has reliable dating been performed at the Meipu site. Here, biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic dating allow for a more precise chronological constraint of the Meipu hominins in the late Early Pleistocene, between 780 ka and 990 ka, making them one of the few known hominins for this time in mainland Asia. The comparison of the morphology of the Meipu teeth with other members of the genus Homo reveals that the Meipu teeth preserve traits such as moderate shoveling of the I1, the square crown contour of M1, and a buccolingually wider lingual cusp in P4 that make them closer to early Homo specimens from Africa and Homo ergaster from Dmanisi (Georgia). In addition, the Meipu teeth exhibit features that are more typical for late mainland East Asian H. erectus, such as the moderately convex I1 labial surface and a pronouncedly convex I2 labial surface. In these features, the Meipu hominins are morphologically intermediate between African/Dmanisi early Homo and East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins. This study contributes to a better understanding of the morphologies and the taxonomic status of East Asian Early Pleistocene hominins, a time period for which the hominin evidence with secure stratigraphic context is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China; Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo de La Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, Burgos, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo de La Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, Burgos, Spain; University College London Anthropology, London, UK
| | - Chenglong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Shao
- College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbing Luo
- Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China.
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre La Evolución Humana, Paseo de La Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, Burgos, Spain; University College London Anthropology, London, UK
| | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
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Bailey SE, Sorrentino R, Mancuso G, Hublin JJ, Benazzi S. Taxonomic differences in deciduous lower first molar crown outlines of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis. J Hum Evol 2020; 147:102864. [PMID: 32927399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the outline shapes of deciduous upper and lower second molars and the deciduous upper first molar are useful for diagnosing hominin taxa-especially Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Building on these studies, we use geometric morphometric methods to assess the taxonomic significance of the crown outline of the lower first deciduous molar (dm1). We test whether the crown shape of the dm1 distinguishes H. neanderthalensis from H. sapiens and explore whether dm1 crown shape can be used to accurately assign individuals to taxa. Our fossil sample includes 3 early H. sapiens, 7 Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens, and 13 H. neanderthalensis individuals. Our recent human sample includes 103 individuals from Africa, Australia, Europe, South America, and South Asia. Our results indicate that H. neanderthalensis dm1s cluster fairly tightly and separate well from those of Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens. However, we also found that the range of shapes in the recent human sample completely overlaps the ranges of all fossil samples. Consequently, results of the quadratic discriminant analysis based on the first 8 principal components (PCs) representing more than 90% of the variation were mixed. Lower dm1s were correctly classified in 87.3% of the individuals; the combined H. sapiens sample had greater success (90.2%) in assigning individuals than did the H. neanderthalensis sample (61.5%). When the analysis was run removing the highly variable recent human sample, accuracy increased to 84.6% for H. neanderthalensis, and 57.1% of Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens were classified correctly by using the first 4 PCs (70.3%). We conclude that caution is warranted when assigning isolated dm1 crowns to taxa; while an assignment to H. neanderthalensis has a high probability of being correct, assignment to Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens is less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bailey
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - R Sorrentino
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - G Mancuso
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - J-J Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Collège de France, 70005, Paris, France
| | - S Benazzi
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Gómez-Olivencia A, López-Onaindia D, Sala N, Balzeau A, Pantoja-Pérez A, Arganda-Carreras I, Arlegi M, Rios-Garaizar J, Gómez-Robles A. The human remains from Axlor (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:475-491. [PMID: 31889305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the description and comparative analysis of all the human fossil remains found at Axlor during the excavations carried out by J. M. de Barandiarán from 1967 to 1974: a cranial vault fragment and seven teeth, five of which likely belonged to the same individual, although two are currently lost. Our goal is to describe in detail all these human remains and discuss both their taxonomic attribution and their stratigraphic context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe external and internal anatomy, and use classic and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Axlor are compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans. RESULTS Two teeth (a left dm2 , a left di1 ) and the parietal fragment show morphological features consistent with a Neandertal classification, and were found in an undisturbed Mousterian context. The remaining three teeth (plus the two lost ones), initially classified as Neandertals, show morphological features and a general size that are more compatible with their classification as modern humans. DISCUSSION A left parietal fragment (Level VIII) from a single probably adult Neandertal individual was recovered during the old excavations performed by Barandiarán. Additionally, two different Neandertal children lost deciduous teeth during the formations of levels V (left di1 ) and IV (right dm2 ). In addition, a modern human individual is represented by five remains (two currently lost) from a complex stratigraphic setting. Some of the morphological features of these remains suggest that they may represent one of the scarce examples of Upper Paleolithic modern human remains in the northern Iberian Peninsula, which should be confirmed by direct dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego López-Onaindia
- GREAB, Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facutat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nohemi Sala
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.,Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Ana Pantoja-Pérez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Computacion e Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joseba Rios-Garaizar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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10
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Gómez-Robles A. Dental evolutionary rates and its implications for the Neanderthal-modern human divergence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw1268. [PMID: 31106274 PMCID: PMC6520022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The origin of Neanderthal and modern human lineages is a matter of intense debate. DNA analyses have generally indicated that both lineages diverged during the middle period of the Middle Pleistocene, an inferred time that has strongly influenced interpretations of the hominin fossil record. This divergence time, however, is not compatible with the anatomical and genetic Neanderthal affinities observed in Middle Pleistocene hominins from Sima de los Huesos (Spain), which are dated to 430 thousand years (ka) ago. Drawing on quantitative analyses of dental evolutionary rates and Bayesian analyses of hominin phylogenetic relationships, I show that any divergence time between Neanderthals and modern humans younger than 800 ka ago would have entailed unexpectedly rapid dental evolution in early Neanderthals from Sima de los Huesos. These results support a pre-800 ka last common ancestor for Neanderthals and modern humans unless hitherto unexplained mechanisms sped up dental evolution in early Neanderthals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton St., London WC1E 0BW, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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11
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Late Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Tongzi, southern China. J Hum Evol 2019; 130:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines. Nature 2019; 568:181-186. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Becam G, Verna C, Gómez‐Robles A, Gómez‐Olivencia A, Albessard L, Arnaud J, Frelat MA, Madelaine S, Schwab C, Souday C, Turq A, Balzeau A. Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:132-142. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Becam
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Christine Verna
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Aida Gómez‐Robles
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Asier Gómez‐Olivencia
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco‐Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
- Centro Mixto UCM‐ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos Madrid Spain
| | - Lou Albessard
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Julie Arnaud
- Dipartimento di Studi UmanisticiSezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Mélanie A. Frelat
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix‐Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Equipe 1 – Paléoanthropologie et Bioarchéologie Marsielle France
| | - S. Madelaine
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | | | - Caroline Souday
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Alain Turq
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Department of African ZoologyRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
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14
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New permanent teeth from Gran Dolina-TD6 (Sierra de Atapuerca). The bearing of Homo antecessor on the evolutionary scenario of Early and Middle Pleistocene Europe. J Hum Evol 2019; 127:93-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Stelzer S, Neubauer S, Hublin JJ, Spoor F, Gunz P. Morphological trends in arcade shape and size in Middle Pleistocene Homo. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:70-91. [PMID: 30351445 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins, often summarized as Homo heidelbergensis sensu lato, are difficult to interpret due to a fragmentary fossil record and ambiguous combinations of primitive and derived characters. Here, we focus on one aspect of facial shape and analyze shape variation of the dental arcades of these fossils together with other Homo individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional landmark data were collected on computed tomographic scans and surface scans of Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins (n = 8), Homo erectus s.l. (n = 4), Homo antecessor (n = 1), Homo neanderthalensis (n = 13), recent (n = 52) and fossil (n = 19) Homo sapiens. To increase sample size, we used multiple multivariate regression to reconstruct complementary arches for isolated mandibles, and explored size and shape differences among maxillary arcades. RESULTS The shape of the dental arcade in H. erectus s.l. and H. antecessor differs markedly from both Neanderthals and H. sapiens. The latter two show subtle but consistent differences in arcade length and width. Shape variation among Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins does not exceed the amount of variation of other species, but includes individuals with more primitive and more derived morphology, all more similar to Neanderthals and H. sapiens than to H. erectus s.l. DISCUSSION Although our results cannot reject the hypothesis that the Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins belong to a single species, their shape variation comprises a more primitive morph that represents a likely candidate for the shape of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and H. sapiens, and a more derived morph resembling Neanderthals. The arcade shape difference between Neanderthals and H. sapiens might be related to different ways to withstand mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Stelzer
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Neubauer
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fred Spoor
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Zanolli C, Martinón-Torres M, Bernardini F, Boschian G, Coppa A, Dreossi D, Mancini L, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Tozzi C, Tuniz C, Macchiarelli R. The Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12) human dental remains from Fontana Ranuccio (Latium) and Visogliano (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Italy. A comparative high resolution endostructural assessment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189773. [PMID: 30281595 PMCID: PMC6169847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The penecontemporaneous Middle Pleistocene sites of Fontana Ranuccio (Latium) and Visogliano (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), set c. 450 km apart in central and northeastern Italy, respectively, have yielded some among the oldest human fossil remains testifying to a peopling phase of the Italian Peninsula broadly during the glacial MIS 12, a stage associated with one among the harshest climatic conditions in the Northern hemisphere during the entire Quaternary period. Together with the large samples from Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos, Spain, and Caune de l’Arago at Tautavel, France, the remains from Fontana Ranuccio and Visogliano are among the few mid-Middle Pleistocene dental assemblages from Western Europe available for investigating the presence of an early Neanderthal signature in their inner structure. We applied two- three-dimensional techniques of virtual imaging and geometric morphometrics to the high-resolution X-ray microtomography record of the dental remains from these two Italian sites and compared the results to the evidence from a selected number of Pleistocene and extant human specimens/samples from Europe and North Africa. Depending on their preservation quality and on the degree of occlusal wear, we comparatively assessed: (i) the crown enamel and radicular dentine thickness topographic variation of a uniquely represented lower incisor; (ii) the lateral crown tissue proportions of premolars and molars; (iii) the enamel-dentine junction, and (iv) the pulp cavity morphology of all available specimens. Our analyses reveal in both samples a Neanderthal-like inner structural signal, for some aspects also resembling the condition shown by the contemporary assemblage from Atapuerca SH, and clearly distinct from the recent human figures. This study provides additional evidence indicating that an overall Neanderthal morphological dental template was preconfigured in Western Europe at least 430 to 450 ka ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Zanolli
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boschian
- Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Dreossi
- SYRMEP Group, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste), Italy
| | - Lucia Mancini
- SYRMEP Group, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste), Italy
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Laboratoire PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
- Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Roberto Macchiarelli
- Laboratoire HNHP, UMR 7194 CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France
- Unité de Formation Géosciences, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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17
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Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Martínez de Pinillos M, García-Campos C, Modesto-Mata M, Zanolli C, Rodríguez L, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Tooth crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor molars (Atapuerca, Spain). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203334. [PMID: 30281589 PMCID: PMC6169863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness distribution are considered reliable characters for inferring taxonomic identity, phylogenetic relationships, dietary and behavioural adaptations in fossil and extant hominids. While most Pleistocene hominins display variations from thick to hyper-thick enamel, Neanderthals exhibit relatively thinner. However, the chronological and geographical origin for the appearance of this typical Neanderthal condition is still unknown. The European late Early Pleistocene species Homo antecessor (Gran Dolina-TD6 site, Sierra de Atapuerca) represents an opportunity to investigate the appearance of the thin condition in the fossil record. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis if H. antecessor molars approximates the Neanderthal condition for tissue proportions and enamel thickness. To do so, for the first time we characterised the molar inner structural organization in this Early Pleistocene hominin taxon (n = 17) and compared it to extinct and extant populations of the genus Homo from African, Asian and European origin (n = 355). The comparative sample includes maxillary and mandibular molars belonging to H. erectus, East and North African Homo, European Middle Pleistocene Homo, Neanderthals, and fossil and extant H. sapiens. We used high-resolution images to investigate the endostructural configuration of TD6 molars (tissue proportions, enamel thickness and distribution). TD6 permanent molars tend to exhibit on average thick absolute and relative enamel in 2D and 3D estimates, both in the complete crown and the lateral enamel. This condition is shared with the majority of extinct and extant hominin sample, except for Neanderthals and some isolated specimens. However, while the total crown percentage of dentine in TD6 globally resembles the low modern values, the lateral crown percentage of dentine tends to be much higher, closer to the Neanderthal signal. Similarly, the H. antecessor molar enamel distribution maps reveal a relative distribution pattern that is more similar to the Neanderthal condition (with the thickest enamel more spread at the periphery of the occlusal basin) rather than that of other fossil specimens and modern humans (with thicker cuspal enamel). Future studies on European Middle Pleistocene populations will provide more insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the typical Neanderthal dental structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Francés
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199 F_33615, Pessac, France
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clément Zanolli
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i, Burgos, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Guatelli-Steinberg D. Dental anthropology in the AJPA: Its roots and heights. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:879-892. [PMID: 29574842 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Yong R, Ranjitkar S, Lekkas D, Halazonetis D, Evans A, Brook A, Townsend G. Three‐dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis of human premolars to assess sexual dimorphism and biological ancestry in Australian populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:373-385. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Yong
- Adelaide Dental SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Dimitra Lekkas
- Adelaide Dental SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- School of DentistryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527 Greece
| | - Alistair Evans
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Alan Brook
- Adelaide Dental SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- Institute of DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E1 4NS United Kingdom
| | - Grant Townsend
- Adelaide Dental SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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20
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Hanegraef H, Martinón-Torres M, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Vialet A, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Dentine morphology of Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos lower molars: Evolutionary implications through three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:276-295. [PMID: 29417989 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the affinities of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) population in relation to Homo neanderthalensis, Arago, and early and contemporary Homo sapiens. By characterizing SH intra-population variation, we test current models to explain the Neanderthal origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional reconstructions of dentine surfaces of lower first and second molars were produced by micro-computed tomography. Landmarks and sliding semilandmarks were subjected to generalized Procrustes analysis and principal components analysis. RESULTS SH is often similar in shape to Neanderthals, and both groups are generally discernible from Homo sapiens. For example, the crown height of SH and Neanderthals is lower than for modern humans. Differences in the presence of a mid-trigonid crest are also observed, with contemporary Homo sapiens usually lacking this feature. Although SH and Neanderthals show strong affinities, they can be discriminated based on certain traits. SH individuals are characterized by a lower intra-population variability, and show a derived dental reduction in lower second molars compared to Neanderthals. SH also differs in morphological features from specimens that are often classified as Homo heidelbergensis, such as a lower crown height and less pronounced mid-trigonid crest in the Arago fossils. DISCUSSION Our results are compatible with the idea that multiple evolutionary lineages or populations coexisted in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene, with the SH paradigm phylogenetically closer to Homo neanderthalensis. Further research could support the possibility of SH as a separate taxon. Alternatively, SH could be a subspecies of Neanderthals, with the variability of this clade being remarkably higher than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Hanegraef
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom.,National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom.,National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199 F_33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Vialet
- Département de Préhistoire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René-Panhard, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avd. Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 14, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom.,National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
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21
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Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E. Twentieth anniversary of Homo antecessor (1997-2017): a review. Evol Anthropol 2017; 26:157-171. [PMID: 28815959 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been twenty years since diagnosis and publication of the species Homo antecessor.1 Since then, new human fossils recovered from the TD6 level of the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain) have helped to refine its taxonomic and phylogenetic position. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the most characteristic features of this species, as well as our interpretation derived from the latest investigations. We focus on the phylogenetic interpretation of Homo antecessor, taking into account the most recent paleogenetic analyses and a reassessment of the European Middle Pleistocene hominin record. We try to show that, twenty years after its publication, H. antecessor provides a good opportunity to address the morphology of the last common ancestor of Neandertals and modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK.,Departamento de la Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Hospital del Rey S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), C/ Escorxador s/n, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.,Laboratory of Human Evolution, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044, Beijing, China
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22
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Modesto-Mata M, García-Campos C, Martín-Francés L, Martínez de Pinillos M, García-González R, Quintino Y, Canals A, Lozano M, Dean MC, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro JM. New methodology to reconstruct in 2-D the cuspal enamel of modern human lower molars. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:824-834. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino; Cáceres Spain
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
- Anthropology Department; University College London; London UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
- Anthropology Department; University College London; London UK
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
- Anthropology Department; University College London; London UK
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Área de Paleontología, Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - Yuliet Quintino
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Área de Paleontología, Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - Antoni Canals
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino; Cáceres Spain
- IPHES Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social; C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3) Tarragona 43007 Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV); Tarragona 43002 Spain
| | - Marina Lozano
- IPHES Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social; C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3) Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - M. Christopher Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University College London; London UK
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Anthropology Department; University College London; London UK
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Área de Paleontología, Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
- Anthropology Department; University College London; London UK
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Nova Delgado M, Galbany J, Pérez-Pérez A. Molar shape variability in platyrrhine primates. J Hum Evol 2016; 99:79-92. [PMID: 27650581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that platyrrhines constitute a monophyletic group represented by three families: Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pitheciidae. Morphological variability between and within these three families, however, is widely discussed and debated. The aim of this study was to assess molar shape variability in platyrrhines, to explore patterns of interspecific variation among extant species, and to evaluate how molar shape can be used as a taxonomic indicator. The analyses were conducted using standard multivariate analyses of geometric morphometric data from 802 platyrrhine lower molars. The results indicated that the interspecific variation exhibited a highly homoplastic pattern related to functional adaptation of some taxa. However, phylogeny was also an important factor in shaping molar morphological traits, given that some phenotypic similarities were consistent with current phylogenetic positions. Our results show that the phylogenetic and functional signals of lower molar shape vary depending on the taxa and the tooth considered. Based on molar shape, Aotus showed closer similarities to Callicebus, as well as to some Cebidae and Ateles-Lagothrix, due to convergent evolutionary trends caused by similar dietary habits, or due to fast-evolving branches in the Aotus lineage, somewhat similar to the shape of Callicebus and Cebidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Nova Delgado
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Galbany
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Ste 6000, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Homo floresiensis-like fossils from the early Middle Pleistocene of Flores. Nature 2016; 534:245-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature17999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Hominin teeth from the Middle Pleistocene site of Yiyuan, Eastern China. J Hum Evol 2016; 95:33-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Esteve-Altava B. In search of morphological modules: a systematic review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1332-1347. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Esteve-Altava
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
- Department of Anatomy; College of Medicine, Howard University; 520 W Street, NW, Numa Adams Building Washington DC 20059 USA
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Nova Delgado M, Galbany J, Pérez-Pérez A. Morphometric variation of extant platyrrhine molars: taxonomic implications for fossil platyrrhines. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1967. [PMID: 27190704 PMCID: PMC4867715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic position of many fossil platyrrhines with respect to extant ones is not yet clear. Two main hypotheses have been proposed: the layered or successive radiations hypothesis suggests that Patagonian fossils are Middle Miocene stem platyrrhines lacking modern descendants, whereas the long lineage hypothesis argues for an evolutionary continuity of all fossil platyrrhines with the extant ones. Our geometric morphometric analysis of a 15 landmark-based configuration of platyrrhines' first and second lower molars suggest that morphological stasis may explain the reduced molar shape variation observed. Platyrrhine lower molar shape might be a primitive retention of the ancestral state affected by strong ecological constraints throughout the radiation of the main platyrrhine families. The Patagonian fossil specimens showed two distinct morphological patterns of lower molars, Callicebus-like and Saguinus-like, which might be the precursors of the extant forms, whereas the Middle Miocene specimens, though showing morphological resemblances with the Patagonian fossils, also displayed new, derived molar patterns, Alouatta-like and Pitheciinae-like, thereby suggesting that despite the overall morphological stasis of molars, phenotypic diversification of molar shape was already settled during the Middle Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Nova Delgado
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Physical Anthropology Section, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Galbany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Physical Anthropology Section, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Physical Anthropology Section, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Polanski JM, Marsh HE, Maddux SD. Dental size reduction in Indonesian Homo erectus: Implications for the PU-198 premolar and the appearance of Homo sapiens on Java. J Hum Evol 2016; 90:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Kaifu Y, Kono RT, Sutikna T, Saptomo EW, Jatmiko, Due Awe R. Unique Dental Morphology of Homo floresiensis and Its Evolutionary Implications. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141614. [PMID: 26624612 PMCID: PMC4651360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo floresiensis is an extinct, diminutive hominin species discovered in the Late Pleistocene deposits of Liang Bua cave, Flores, eastern Indonesia. The nature and evolutionary origins of H. floresiensis' unique physical characters have been intensively debated. Based on extensive comparisons using linear metric analyses, crown contour analyses, and other trait-by-trait morphological comparisons, we report here that the dental remains from multiple individuals indicate that H. floresiensis had primitive canine-premolar and advanced molar morphologies, a combination of dental traits unknown in any other hominin species. The primitive aspects are comparable to H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene, whereas some of the molar morphologies are more progressive even compared to those of modern humans. This evidence contradicts the earlier claim of an entirely modern human-like dental morphology of H. floresiensis, while at the same time does not support the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from a much older H. habilis or Australopithecus-like small-brained hominin species currently unknown in the Asian fossil record. These results are however consistent with the alternative hypothesis that H. floresiensis derived from an earlier Asian Homo erectus population and experienced substantial body and brain size dwarfism in an isolated insular setting. The dentition of H. floresiensis is not a simple, scaled-down version of earlier hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Kaifu
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko T. Kono
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Sutikna
- Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- The National Research and Development Centre for Archaeology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Emanuel Wahyu Saptomo
- Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- The National Research and Development Centre for Archaeology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jatmiko
- Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- The National Research and Development Centre for Archaeology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rokus Due Awe
- Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- The National Research and Development Centre for Archaeology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Bauer CC, Bons PD, Benazzi S, Harvati K. Using elliptical best fits to characterize dental shapes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:342-7. [PMID: 26381860 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A variety of geometric morphometric methods have recently been used to describe dental shape variation in human evolutionary studies. However, the applicability of these methods is limited when teeth are worn or are difficult to orient accurately. Here we show that elliptical best fits on outlines of dental tissues below the crown provide basic size- and orientation-free shape descriptors. Using the dm(2) and M(3) as examples, we demonstrate that these descriptors can be used for taxonomic purposes, such as distinguishing between Neanderthal and recent modern human teeth. We propose that this approach can be a useful alternative to existing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Bauer
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, Tübingen, 72070, Germany
| | - Paul D Bons
- Minerology and Geodynamics, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, Tübingen, 72070, Germany
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31
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A geometric morphometric analysis of hominin lower molars: Evolutionary implications and overview of postcanine dental variation. J Hum Evol 2015; 82:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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How many specimens do I need? Sampling error in geometric morphometrics: testing the sensitivity of means and variances in simple randomized selection experiments. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-015-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Xing S, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Zhang Y, Fan X, Zheng L, Huang W, Liu W. Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Longtan Cave, Hexian, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114265. [PMID: 25551383 PMCID: PMC4281145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excavations at the Longtan Cave, Hexian, Anhui Province of Eastern China, have yielded several hominin fossils including crania, mandibular fragments, and teeth currently dated to 412 ± 25 ka. While previous studies have focused on the cranial remains, there are no detailed analyses of the dental evidence. In this study, we provide metric and morphological descriptions and comparisons of ten teeth recovered from Hexian, including microcomputed tomography analyses. Our results indicate that the Hexian teeth are metrically and morphologically primitive and overlap with H. ergaster and East Asian Early and mid-Middle Pleistocene hominins in their large dimensions and occlusal complexities. However, the Hexian teeth differ from H. ergaster in features such as conspicuous vertical grooves on the labial/buccal surfaces of the central incisor and the upper premolar, the crown outline shapes of upper and lower molars and the numbers, shapes, and divergences of the roots. Despite their close geological ages, the Hexian teeth are also more primitive than Zhoukoudian specimens, and resemble Sangiran Early Pleistocene teeth. In addition, no typical Neanderthal features have been identified in the Hexian sample. Our study highlights the metrical and morphological primitive status of the Hexian sample in comparison to contemporaneous or even earlier populations of Asia. Based on this finding, we suggest that the primitive-derived gradients of the Asian hominins cannot be satisfactorily fitted along a chronological sequence, suggesting complex evolutionary scenarios with the coexistence and/or survival of different lineages in Eurasia. Hexian could represent the persistence in time of a H. erectus group that would have retained primitive features that were lost in other Asian populations such as Zhoukoudian or Panxian Dadong. Our study expands the metrical and morphological variations known for the East Asian hominins before the mid-Middle Pleistocene and warns about the possibility that the Asian hominin variability may have been taxonomically oversimplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Wanbo Huang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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34
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Xing S, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Wu X, Liu W. Hominin teeth from the early Late Pleistocene site of Xujiayao, Northern China. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:224-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100044 China
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH); Burgos 09002 Spain
| | | | - Xiujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100044 China
| | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100044 China
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35
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Metric and geometric morphometric analysis of new hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China). J Hum Evol 2014; 74:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Martinón-Torres M, Spěváčková P, Gracia-Téllez A, Martínez I, Bruner E, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Morphometric analysis of molars in a Middle Pleistocene population shows a mosaic of 'modern' and Neanderthal features. J Anat 2013; 223:353-63. [PMID: 23914934 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of upper first molar (M1) crown shape have shown significant differences between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis that were already present in the European Middle Pleistocene populations, including the large dental sample from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos (SH). Analysis of other M1 features such as the total crown base area, cusp proportions, cusp angles and occlusal polygon have confirmed the differences between both lineages, becoming a useful tool for the taxonomic assignment of isolated teeth from Late Pleistocene sites. However, until now the pattern of expression of these variables has not been known for the SH sample. This fossil sample, the largest collection from the European Middle Pleistocene, is generally interpreted as being from the direct ancestors of Neanderthals, and thus is a reference sample for assessing the origin of the Neanderthal morphologies. Surprisingly, our study reveals that SH M(1) s present a unique mosaic of H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens features. Regarding the cusp angles and the relative occlusal polygon area, SH matches the H. neanderthalensis pattern. However, regarding the total crown base area and relative cusps size, SH M(1) s are similar to H. sapiens, with a small crown area, a strong hypocone reduction and a protocone enlargement, although the protocone expansion in SH is significantly larger than in any other group studied. The SH dental sample calls into question the uniqueness of some so-called modern traits. Our study also sounds a note of caution on the use of M(1) occlusal morphology for the alpha taxonomy of isolated M(1) s.
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37
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Klingenberg CP, Marugán-Lobón J. Evolutionary Covariation in Geometric Morphometric Data: Analyzing Integration, Modularity, and Allometry in a Phylogenetic Context. Syst Biol 2013; 62:591-610. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Klingenberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; and 2Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, C/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Marugán-Lobón
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; and 2Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, C/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Liu W, Schepartz LA, Xing S, Miller-Antonio S, Wu X, Trinkaus E, Martinón-Torres M. Late Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Panxian Dadong, South China. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:337-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Gómez-Robles A, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Prado-Simón L, Arsuaga JL. A geometric morphometric analysis of hominin upper second and third molars, with particular emphasis on European Pleistocene populations. J Hum Evol 2012; 63:512-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain). J Hum Evol 2012; 62:7-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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