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Ghosh SK, Bhattacharjee S. Public human dissection and societal connect of anatomical sciences: A glorious association in the past but ethically forbidden practice at present. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024. [PMID: 38576065 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Under the futuristic vision of anatomical sciences, a strong societal connection is mandatory. The anatomical practice experienced robust societal participation through public human dissection from the 16th century onward. With a perspective to explore the intersection of spirituality with anatomy, the present study analyzed this momentous period. From a spiritual perspective, the study also reflects on two relevant but presently uncoupled entities of public human dissection and societal connection through the prism of current regulations. Strong representation from the general public during public human dissection was primarily driven by spiritual proclivity and an endorsement from religious authorities. To regulate large gatherings and maintain academic sanctity, anatomical theaters emerged as dedicated spaces for such a merger. With time and growing financial support, the theaters transformed from temporary structures to elaborate architectural marvels, further propelling already robust societal connections associated with the practice. Nevertheless, a confluence of multiple factors led to the violation of spiritual principles and a consequent decrease in societal participation from the early 18th century, eventually culminating in the demise of such spectacle. Presently, public human dissection-when done-is mostly conducted for commercial gains and in contravention of ethical norms. It is against the essence of spirituality and harbors a bleak prospect for societal connection. Contrastingly, measures adopted to promote societal participation (mostly related to body donation) were quite effective and followed the principles of spirituality. Societal connections served anatomy in the past and can lead to its advancement if approached through a righteous path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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David G, Milliot N, Rony L, Fournier HD, Demondion X, Bernard F. Corona mortis and pelvic dissection: Understanding the relationship between anatomical structures and bone areas. J Anat 2024; 244:458-467. [PMID: 37990973 PMCID: PMC10862173 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic fractures are becoming increasingly frequent. The gold standard for surgical managements remains open procedures. Despite its excellent biomechanically results, it can lead to many complications. Minimally invasive surgery could reduce these complications. For complex pelvic trauma, extraperitoneal endoscopic technique has never been described. The aim of this study is to determine anatomical landmarks which are useful for endoscopic pelvic ring surgery using an extraperitoneal approach. The second objective is to compare this minimally invasive procedure to expose the bone versus a traditional open approach. After preparing the vessels with latex injections, 10 specimens are dissected alternately, using an endoscopic method (MIS) on one side and an open method on the other side. Both procedures are performed on the same subject. The visualized bone areas are drilled with burr holes. The marked surfaces are measured with photogrammetry. Finally, the data are processed (surface analysis). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection that follows anatomical landmarks can be performed. Bone area (mm2 ) visualized by endoscopy was 74 ± 14 (59-94) compared to 71 ± 16 (48-94) by open method. Paired t-test was performed with no significant difference between the two methods. Skin and muscular incisions were significantly lower in the MIS group (5.1, IC95% [4.1; 6.1], p < 0.001). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection of the pelvis can be performed. We also find no significant difference between our method and an open traditional approach concerning bone exposure. We offer a holistic approach to treat pelvic fractures by identifying key anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume David
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Nathan Milliot
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Louis Rony
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Henri-Dominique Fournier
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Xavier Demondion
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
- Service de Radiologie ostéoarticulaire, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florian Bernard
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
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Nichols DS, Oberhofer HM, Chim H. Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint. Hand Clin 2022; 38:129-139. [PMID: 35465931 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. This articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpal is integral for opposition and other complex movements necessary for pinch and grasp maneuvers. Fortunately, this joint is well equipped to handle the extreme forces imposed by these movements, as it is stabilized by an elaborate arrangement of ligaments and muscles. Without this stability, thumb subluxation would occur with loading during pinch and grasp, and human prehension would be impossible. Understanding the interactions occurring within this joint is essential for adequately treating pathology arising in this crucial joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spencer Nichols
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Haley M Oberhofer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harvey Chim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:1191-1192. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Historical Advancements and Evolution in Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology: The Contribution of the Middle Ages. Adv Anat Pathol 2021; 28:171-177. [PMID: 33825719 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dissections and autopsies are critical for understanding human anatomy, pathology, and uncovering mechanisms of disease. This review presents an historical journey from ancient times until the late Middle Ages. The major steps and developments are summarized with key figures and events presented.
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Pollock RA, Gossman M. Anatomical Revelations in 1921 Kindled Operative Repair of the Orbit, Eyelids, and Periorbit over the Ensuing 100 Years: The Diuturnity of Ernest Whitnall (1876–1950) of Oxford, Montreal, and Bristol. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2019; 12:95-107. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Revelations of orbital, intraorbital, and periorbital anatomy by a single author in 1921 kindled attempts at operative repair of the orbit, eyelids, and periorbit over the ensuing 100 years. They are the lasting contributions—the diuturnity—of Samuel Ernest Whitnall (1876–1950) of Oxford, Montreal, and Bristol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Pollock
- University of Pittsburg Medical Center Pinnacle Lancaster, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburg Medical Center Pinnacle Lititz, Lititz, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Andreas Vesalius (1515-1564) was the first to market an illustrated text on the freshly dissected muscular anatomy of the human hand and forearm when he published his De Fabrica Corporis Humani Libri Septem, in 1543. To commemorate his 500th birthday, we searched the second of seven books composing De Fabrica, the annotated woodcut illustrations of De Fabrica, the Tabulae Sex, and Epitome, and an eyewitness report of a public dissection by Vesalius for references to the morphology and functions of these muscles. We found Vesalius to have recognized all currently distinguished muscles except the palmaris brevis and he noted occasional absence of some muscles. Generally, he limited the origin and insertion to bones, largely disregarding attachments to membranes and fascia. Functionally, he recorded the muscles as having a single vector and operating on only one joint. We conclude that Vesalius was nearly completely correct about the anatomy of the muscles of the forearm, but much less accurate about their function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Brinkman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Hage
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carroll MA, Lawson K. The intermingled history of occupational therapy and anatomical education: A retrospective exploration. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2014; 7:494-500. [PMID: 24678048 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Few research articles have addressed the anatomical needs of entry-level occupational therapy students. Given this paucity of empirical evidence, there is a lack of knowledge regarding anatomical education in occupational therapy. This article will primarily serve as a retrospective look at the inclusion of anatomical education in the occupational therapy curriculum. Focusing on the historical inclusion is the first step to address the gap in existing knowledge. Examining the history of anatomy in occupational therapy provides an educational context for curricular developments and helps current anatomical educators understand the evolution of occupational therapy as a profession. Exploring the educational history also offers anatomy educators an identity, as significant contributors, in the training and preparedness of entry-level professionals while focusing on the ideals of occupational therapy. However, there is a critical need for empirical evidence of best teaching practices in occupational therapy and anatomical education. This manuscript provides a foundation and a starting point for further investigation into the anatomical competencies for entry-level occupational therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Carroll
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Department of Healthcare and Natural Sciences, DeSales University, Center Valley, Pennsylvania; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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Malenfant J, Walters A, Kralovic S, Robitaille M, Schaefer J, Tubbs RS, Loukas M. Francesco Parona (1842-1908) and his contributions to our understanding of surgery through anatomy. Clin Anat 2012; 26:547-50. [PMID: 22431436 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Malenfant
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
| | - Andrew Walters
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
| | - Sarah Kralovic
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
| | - Martin Robitaille
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
| | - Jamie Schaefer
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Children's Hospital; Pediatric Neurosurgery; Birmingham; Alabama
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; St. George's University; Grenada; West Indies
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Jamil W, Khan I, Robinson P, Thalava R. Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm secondary to infection within the space of Parona. Orthopedics 2011; 34:e584-7. [PMID: 21902163 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20110714-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The deep midpalmar space of the hand communicates with the space of Parona in the forearm. Infection of these deep spaces can be difficult to diagnose. This article presents the first reported case of acute compartment syndrome of the forearm secondary to infection within the space of Parona. This article discusses the anatomy of the space of Parona, highlighting its communicating spaces and the importance of recognizing a deep-space infection of the hand as a possible cause of compartment syndrome of the forearm. This article also suggests a method of clinical examination to aid in the diagnosis of infection within the space of Parona to allow more specific planning of surgical intervention through early decompressive surgery, with surgical exploration to exclude and drain infection when no other clear cause for the rise in pressure within the osteofascial compartment is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiqqas Jamil
- Tameside General Hospital, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, OL6 9RW, United Kingdom.
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Current concepts of the anatomy of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint. J Hand Surg Am 2011; 36:170-82. [PMID: 21193137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes the anatomy of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint. In the final phase of opposition screw home torque rotation of the volar beak of the thumb metacarpal in the pivot area of the trapezium recess and tension on the dorsal ligament complex create stability for power pinch and power grip. The resulting compressive shear forces can lead over time to trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.
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Petrus Camper's work on the anatomy and pathology of the arm and hand in the 18th century. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:1382-7. [PMID: 20619556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Petrus Camper (1722-1789) was a professor of anatomy and surgery at the Universities of Franeker, Amsterdam and Groningen. During the mid-18th century, he performed dissections to study the anatomy and pathology of the arm. Based on his findings, he published one of the most detailed anatomical atlases of the arm and hand in history, entitled Demonstrationum anatomico-pathologicarum liber primus brachii humani fabricam et morbos. In his atlas, he describes the "chiasma" indicating the intersections of the superficial and deep flexor tendons, which are essential for the gripping function of the hand. Camper's anatomical studies and elaborate illustrations contributed to a better understanding of the anatomy and pathology of the arm.
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Al-Qattan MM. History of anatomy of the hand and upper limb. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31:502; author reply 502. [PMID: 16516750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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