1
|
Alqahtani A, Bhattacharjee S, Almopti A, Li C, Nabi G. Radiomics-based machine learning approach for the prediction of grade and stage in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma-a step towards virtual biopsy. Int J Surg 2024:01279778-990000000-01418. [PMID: 38704622 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare, aggressive lesion, with early detection a key to its management. This study aimed to utilise computed tomographic urogram data to develop machine learning models for predicting tumour grading and staging in upper urothelial tract carcinoma patients and to compare these predictions with histopathological diagnosis used as reference standards. METHODS Protocol-based computed tomographic urogram data from 106 patients were obtained and visualised in 3D. Digital segmentation of the tumours was conducted by extracting textural radiomics features. They were further classified using 11 predictive models. The predicted grades and stages were compared to the histopathology of radical nephroureterectomy specimens. RESULTS Classifier models worked well in mining the radiomics data and delivered satisfactory predictive machine learning models. The MultiLayer Panel showed 84% sensitivity and 93% specificity while predicting upper tract urothelial carcinoma grades. The Logistic Regression model showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 76% while staging. Similarly, other classifier algorithms (e.g., Support Vector classifier) provided a highly accurate prediction while grading upper tract urothelial carcinoma compared to clinical features alone or ureteroscopic biopsy histopathology. CONCLUSION Data mining tools could handle medical imaging datasets from small (<2 cm) tumours for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The radiomics-based machine learning algorithms provide a potential tool to model tumour grading and staging with implications for clinical practice and the upgradation of current paradigms in cancer diagnostics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Machine learning based on radiomics features can predict upper tract urothelial cancer grading and staging with significant improvement over ureteroscopic histopathology. The study showcased the prowess of such emerging tools in the set objectives with implications towards virtual biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alqahtani
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 55461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Abdulrahman Almopti
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- School of Medicine, Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Joshi R, Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharjee S, Agarwala A. Signatures of quantum phases in a dissipative system. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:275601. [PMID: 38498950 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lindbladian formalism, as tuned to dissipative and open systems, has been all-pervasive to interpret non-equilibrium steady states of quantum many-body systems. We study the fate of free fermionic and superconducting phases in a dissipative one-dimensional Kitaev model-where the bath acts both as a source and a sink of fermionic particles with different coupling rates. As a function of these two couplings, we investigate the steady state, its entanglement content, and its approach from varying initial states. Interestingly, we find that the steady state phase diagram retains decipherable signatures of ground state critical physics. We also show that early-time fidelity is a useful marker to find a subclass of phase transitions in such situations. Moreover, we show that the survival of critical signatures at late-times, strongly depend on the thermal nature of the steady state. This connection hints at a correspondence between quantum observables and classical magnetism in the steady state of such systems. Our work uncovers interesting connections between dissipative quantum many-body systems, thermalization of a classical spin and many-body quantum critical phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Joshi
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Souvik Bandyopadhyay
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Adhip Agarwala
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh SK, Bhattacharjee S. Public human dissection and societal connect of anatomical sciences: A glorious association in the past but ethically forbidden practice at present. Anat Sci Educ 2024. [PMID: 38576065 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Under the futuristic vision of anatomical sciences, a strong societal connection is mandatory. The anatomical practice experienced robust societal participation through public human dissection from the 16th century onward. With a perspective to explore the intersection of spirituality with anatomy, the present study analyzed this momentous period. From a spiritual perspective, the study also reflects on two relevant but presently uncoupled entities of public human dissection and societal connection through the prism of current regulations. Strong representation from the general public during public human dissection was primarily driven by spiritual proclivity and an endorsement from religious authorities. To regulate large gatherings and maintain academic sanctity, anatomical theaters emerged as dedicated spaces for such a merger. With time and growing financial support, the theaters transformed from temporary structures to elaborate architectural marvels, further propelling already robust societal connections associated with the practice. Nevertheless, a confluence of multiple factors led to the violation of spiritual principles and a consequent decrease in societal participation from the early 18th century, eventually culminating in the demise of such spectacle. Presently, public human dissection-when done-is mostly conducted for commercial gains and in contravention of ethical norms. It is against the essence of spirituality and harbors a bleak prospect for societal connection. Contrastingly, measures adopted to promote societal participation (mostly related to body donation) were quite effective and followed the principles of spirituality. Societal connections served anatomy in the past and can lead to its advancement if approached through a righteous path.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh SK. The Sun Also Rises: Tracing the evolution of humanistic values in anatomy pedagogy and research, including cadaveric acquisition practices. J Anat 2023; 243:1031-1051. [PMID: 37525506 PMCID: PMC10641044 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomy has always been at the intersection of the socio-cultural and political landscape, where new ideas constantly replace older wisdom. From ancient Egyptians through the Greeks, and then the Romans, finally culminating into the European Renaissance-all the significant eras of human civilisation have left their insignia and distinct marks on the evolution of anatomical practices. Despite its utility as a tool for anatomy pedagogy and research that has proven its worth over millennia, cadaveric dissection has particularly been subject to political and social vicissitudes. A major debate about anatomical dissection lay with the ethical considerations, or its lack thereof, while acquiring corpses for demonstration in the dissection halls. From antiquity, anatomical dissection-often synonymous with medical studies-had typically been carried out on the dead bodies of executed criminals with certain laws, such as the Murder Act of 1752, facilitating such uses. Gradually, the uses of unclaimed bodies, resourced primarily from the impoverished sections of society, were also introduced. However, these body acquisition protocols often missed the crucial element of humanism and ethical considerations, while knowledge augmentation was taken as sufficient reasoning. Unfortunately, a gross disregard towards humanistic values promulgated heinous and illegal practices in acquiring corpses, including grave robbery and even murders like in the case of Burke and Hare murders of 1828. Follow-up legislation, such as the Anatomy Act of 1832, and comparable laws in other European nations were passed to curb the vile. What distils from such a historical discourse on humane values in anatomy dissection, or medical science in general, is that the growth and integration of humanism in anatomy have never been linear, but there were intermittent and, yet, significant disruptions in its timeline. For example, there were serious human rights violations in anatomical practices during the Third Reich in Germany that perpetrated the holocaust. The medical community has kept evolving and introducing new moral values and principles while using such egregious events as lessons, ultimately resulting in the Declaration of Helsinki in 1964. This article revisits the heterogeneous journey of integrating humanistic values in anatomy practice. Such humanistic traits that, like medical science, have also developed over centuries through the inputs of physicians, researchers, and philosophers-from Greece to modernity with an important stopgap at the Renaissance-are a fascinating lore that deserves to be re-envisioned through the lens of contemporary values and ethos. In parallel to human medicine, humanistic values continue to influence veterinary medicine, a welcome development, as our society condemns animal cruelty in any form. There are lessons to be learned from this historical journey of how humanism shaped many of the concepts that anatomists use now. Finally, and most importantly, it might prevent the medical community from repeating the same mistakes by cautioning against the traps that are there, and in a convoluted world where morality as such is eroding from our social fabric, will always be there. Such historical account acts as a righteous, ethical, and contextual compass to guide the existing and upcoming anatomists in discerning between light and dark, right and wrong, and roads-to be or not to be-taken.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar A, Sethi V, de Wagt A, Parhi RN, Bhattacharjee S, Unisa S, R. S. R, Saraswat A, Kejrewal N, Shrivastava M, Tripathy L, Murira Z, Vir S. Evaluation of impact of engaging federations of women groups to improve women's nutrition interventions- before, during and after pregnancy in social and economically backward geographies: Evidence from three eastern Indian States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291866. [PMID: 37797057 PMCID: PMC10553280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition-before, during and after pregnancy endangers the health and well-being of the mother and contributes to sub-optimal fetal development and growth. A non-randomized controlled evaluation was undertaken to assess the impact of engaging federations of women's group on coverage of nutrition interventions and on nutrition status of women in the designated poverty pockets of three Indian states-Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. METHOD The impact evaluation is based on two rounds of cross-sectional data from 5 resource poor blocks across 3 States, assigning 162 villages to the intervention arm and 151 villages to the control arm. The cross-sectional baseline (2016-17) and endline survey (2021-22) covered a total of 10491 adolescent girls (10-19 years), 4271 pregnant women (15-49 years) and 13521 mothers of children under age two years (15-49 years). Exposure was defined based on participation in the participatory learning and action meetings, and fixed monthly health camps (Adolescent Health Days (AHDs) and Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Days (VHSNDs)). Logistic regression models were applied to establish the association between exposure to programme activities and improvement in coverage of nutrition interventions and outcomes. RESULTS In the intervention area at endline, 27-38% of women participated in the participatory learning and action meetings organized by women's groups. Pregnant women participating in programme activities were two times more likely to receive an antenatal care visit in the first trimester of pregnancy (Odds ratio: 2.55 95% CI-1.68-3.88), while mothers of children under 2 were 60% more likely to receive 4 ANC visits (Odds ratio: 1.61, 95% CI- 1.30-2.02). Odds of consuming a diversified diet was higher among both pregnant women (Odds ratio: 2.05, 95% CI- 1.41-2.99) and mother of children under 2 years of age (Odds ratio: 1.38, 95% CI- 1.08-1.77) among those participating in programme activities in the intervention arm. Access to commodities for WASH including safe sanitation services (Odds ratio: 1.80, 95% CI- 1.38-2.36) and sanitary pads (Odds ratio: 1.64, 95% CI- 1.20-2.22) was higher among adolescent girls participating in programme activities. CONCLUSION Women's groups led participatory learning and action approaches coupled with strengthening of the supply side delivery mechanisms resulted in higher coverage of health and nutrition services. However, we found that frequency of participation was low and there was limited impact on the nutritional outcomes. Therefore, higher frequency of participation in programme activities is recommended to modify behaviour and achieve quick gains in nutritional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Vani Sethi
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Arjan de Wagt
- United Nations Children’s Fund, India Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sayeed Unisa
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Reshmi R. S.
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Nita Kejrewal
- National Rural Livelihood Mission, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Zivai Murira
- United Nations Children’s Fund Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sheila Vir
- Public Health Nutrition and Development Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fagihi MA, Premathilaka C, O’Neill T, Garré M, Bhattacharjee S. An Investigation into the Acidity-Induced Insulin Agglomeration: Implications for Drug Delivery and Translation. ACS Omega 2023; 8:25279-25287. [PMID: 37483254 PMCID: PMC10357556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin undergoes agglomeration with (subtle) changes in its biochemical environment, including acidity, application of heat, ionic imbalance, and exposure to hydrophobic surfaces. The therapeutic impact of such unwarranted insulin agglomeration is unclear and needs further evaluation. A systematic investigation was conducted on recombinant human insulin-with or without labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate-while preparing insulin suspensions (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL) at pH 3. The suspensions were incubated (37 °C) and analyzed at different time points (t = 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h). Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis identified colloidally stable (zeta potential 15 ± 5 mV) spherical agglomerates of unlabeled insulin (100-500 nm). Circular dichroism established the preservation of insulin's secondary structure rich in α-helices despite exposure to an acidic environment (pH 3) for 72 h. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy illustrated an acidic core inside these spherical agglomerates, while the acidity gradually lessened toward the periphery. Some of these smaller agglomerates fused to form larger chunks with discrete zones of acidity. The data indicated a primary nucleation-driven mechanism of acid-induced insulin agglomeration under physiologically relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megren
H. A. Fagihi
- School
of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Clinical
Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 55461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanaka Premathilaka
- Institute
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Tiina O’Neill
- Conway
Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Massimiliano Garré
- Super-Resolution
Imaging Consortium, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of
Veterinary Medicine, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh M, Shivakumar Y, Balaram G, Thomas R, Dharman B, Kowsik P, Ghorpade S, Nanjaiah T, Patil S, Naik R, Kanakasetty G, Thungappa S, Poppareddy S, Jayappa SB, Bhattacharjee S, Susheela SP, R MN, Sharma A, Gunari P, Ajaikumar B. 153P Molecular epidemiology of EGFR mutations in NSCLC: A single-center experience from India. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
8
|
Bhattacharjee S. The osseous fusion patterns in an equine limb: A theoretical deconstruction of the evolutionary mechanisms. Biosystems 2023; 225:104871. [PMID: 36858109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations in equine limbs, including fusion of its bones, such as the metapodials II and IV (splint bones) with metapodial III (cannon bone), have been debated. It is argued that cursorial adaptations in equine limbs with a progressive reduction in the number of digits lighten up the limbs and facilitate fast running. Similar fusions in other bones, such as the radius and ulna, tend to exhibit similar traits. For example, the fusion often occurs in a disto-proximal direction while leaving sharp ridges. This article proposes a model to understand the biomechanical advantages that a fused symmetric system of cannon and splint bones offers and tries to investigate osseous fusion from an evolutionary perspective. It demonstrated the uniqueness of this system from the context of symmetry and the presence of an array of parallel axes of rotation in equine limbs that amplifies the kinetic energy by maximizing the moment of inertia. The model highlighted the robustness of such an evolutionary mechanism in place and elucidated why it is a preferable construct. Furthermore, the discourse proposes a zipping action to describe the osseous fusion before making predictions on where the equine limb adaptations are perhaps heading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mpolokeng KS, Downie CS, Bhattacharjee S, Wosik M, Lanzetti A. The Journal of Anatomy announces a new Early Career Researcher Editorial Board. J Anat 2023; 242:123. [PMID: 36698319 PMCID: PMC9877472 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kentse S Mpolokeng
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anatomy Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Calum S Downie
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mateusz Wosik
- Department of Biology, Misericordia University, Dallas, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Agnese Lanzetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fagihi MA, Bhattacharjee S. Amyloid Fibrillation of Insulin: Amelioration Strategies and Implications for Translation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1050-1061. [PMID: 36407954 PMCID: PMC9667547 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a therapeutically relevant molecule with use in treating diabetes patients. Unfortunately, it undergoes a range of untoward and often unpredictable physical transformations due to alterations in its biochemical environment, including pH, ionic strength, temperature, agitation, and exposure to hydrophobic surfaces. The transformations are prevalent in its physiologically active monomeric form, while the zinc cation-coordinated hexamer, although physiologically inactive, is stable and less susceptible to fibrillation. The resultant molecular reconfiguration, including unfolding, misfolding, and hydrophobic interactions, often results in agglomeration, amyloid fibrillogenesis, and precipitation. As a result, a part of the dose is lost, causing a compromised therapeutic efficacy. Besides, the amyloid fibrils form insoluble deposits, trigger immunologic reactions, and harbor cytotoxic potential. The physical transformations also hold back a successful translation of non-parenteral insulin formulations, in addition to challenges related to encapsulation, chemical modification, purification, storage, and dosing. This review revisits the mechanisms and challenges that drive such physical transformations in insulin, with an emphasis on the observed amyloid fibrillation, and presents a critique of the current amelioration strategies before prioritizing some future research objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megren
H. A. Fagihi
- School
of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Clinical
Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 55461, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University College
Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhattacharjee S. Craft of Co-encapsulation in Nanomedicine: A Struggle To Achieve Synergy through Reciprocity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:278-298. [PMID: 35592431 PMCID: PMC9112416 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Achieving synergism, often by combination therapy via codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents, remains the mainstay of treating multidrug-resistance cases in cancer and microbial strains. With a typical core-shell architecture and surface functionalization to ensure facilitated targeting of tissues, nanocarriers are emerging as a promising platform toward gaining such synergism. Co-encapsulation of disparate theranostic agents in nanocarriers-from chemotherapeutic molecules to imaging or photothermal modalities-can not only address the issue of protecting the labile drug payload from a hostile biochemical environment but may also ensure optimized drug release as a mainstay of synergistic effect. However, the fate of co-encapsulated molecules, influenced by temporospatial proximity, remains unpredictable and marred with events with deleterious impact on therapeutic efficacy, including molecular rearrangement, aggregation, and denaturation. Thus, more than just an art of confining multiple therapeutics into a 3D nanoscale space, a co-encapsulated nanocarrier, while aiming for synergism, should strive toward achieving a harmonious cohabitation of the encapsulated molecules that, despite proximity and opportunities for interaction, remain innocuous toward each other and ensure molecular integrity. This account will inspect the current progress in co-encapsulation in nanocarriers and distill out the key points toward accomplishing such synergism through reciprocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhattacharjee S. Sizing Up the Potential of Quantum Batteries. Physics 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.15.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
We explore the charging of a quantum battery based on spin systems through periodic modulation of a transverse-field-like Ising Hamiltonian. In the integrable limit, we find that resonance tunneling can lead to a higher transfer of energy to the battery and better stability of the stored energy at specific drive frequencies. When the integrability is broken in the presence of an additional longitudinal field, we find that the effective Floquet Hamiltonian contains terms which may lead to a global charging of the battery. However, we do not find any quantum advantage in the charging power, thus demonstrating that global charging is only a necessary and not sufficient condition for achieving quantum advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
![]()
Modulating the surface
chemistry of nanoparticles, often by grafting
hydrophilic polymer brushes (e.g., polyethylene glycol) to prepare
nanoformulations that can resist opsonization in a hematic environment
and negotiate with the mucus barrier, is a popular strategy toward
developing biocompatible and effective nano-drug delivery systems.
However, there is a need for tools that can screen multiple surface
ligands and cluster them based on both structural similarity and physicochemical
attributes. Molecular descriptors offer numerical readouts based on
molecular properties and provide a fertile ground for developing quick
screening platforms. Thus, a study was conducted with 14 monomers/repeating
blocks of polymeric chains, namely, oxazoline, acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone,
glycerol, acryloyl morpholine, dimethyl acrylamide, hydroxypropyl
methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylamide, sialic acid, carboxybetaine
acrylamide, carboxybetaine methacrylate, sulfobetaine methacrylate,
methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, and vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate,
capable of imparting hydrophilicity to a surface when assembled as
polymeric brushes. Employing free, Web-based, and user-friendly platforms,
such as SwissADME and ChemMine tools, a series of molecular descriptors
and Tanimoto coefficient of molecular pairs were determined, followed
by hierarchical clustering analyses. Molecular pairs of oxazoline/dimethyl
acrylamide, hydroxypropyl methacrylamide/hydroxyethyl methacrylamide,
acrylamide/glycerol, carboxybetaine acrylamide/vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate,
and sulfobetaine methacrylate/methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
were clustered together. Similarly, the molecular pair of hydroxypropyl
methacrylamide/hydroxyethyl methacrylamide demonstrated a high Tanimoto
coefficient of >0.9, whereas the pairs oxazoline/vinylpyrrolidone,
acrylamide/dimethyl acrylamide, acryloyl morpholine/dimethyl acrylamide,
acryloyl morpholine/hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, acryloyl morpholine/hydroxyethyl
methacrylamide, carboxybetaine methacrylate/sulfobetaine methacrylate,
and glycerol/hydroxypropyl methacrylamide had a Tanimoto coefficient
of >0.8. The analyzed data not only demonstrated the ability of
such in silico tools as a facile technique in clustering
molecules
of interest based on their structure and physicochemical characteristics
but also provided vital information on their behavior within biological
systems, including the ability to engage an array of possible molecular
targets when the monomers are self-assembled on nanoparticulate surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zaidi O, Du F, Tang Z, Pareja K, Bhattacharjee S. POS-304 A TARGETED LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT PATTERNS OF IgA NEPHROPATHY IN MAINLAND CHINA, TAIWAN, AND SOUTH KOREA. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya S, Choudhury PR, Rahaman A, Sarkar A, Talukdar AD, Mandal DP, Bhattacharjee S. Drynaria quercifolia suppresses paracetamol‑induced hepatotoxicity in mice by inducing Nrf-2. BRATISL MED J 2022; 123:110-119. [DOI: 10.4149/bll_2022_017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Bhattacharjee S, Siyad I, Maramattom BV. Chronic diarrhea - The poetic masquerade. J Postgrad Med 2022; 68:239-242. [PMID: 36348608 PMCID: PMC9841540 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1169_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea, by definition, is the passage of loose/liquid stools, with increased frequency (more than three times/day), or an output of over 200 g/day, lasting for a duration of four or more weeks. The clinical approach to identify the cause of chronic diarrhea generally depends on the local socioeconomic status. In high-income countries, systemic causes such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (lactose intolerance/coeliac disease) are primarily considered. In mid- to low-income countries, infective causes like chronic bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal infections, HIV, bowel cancer are considered before systemic causes/malabsorption syndromes. Amyloidosis, more accurately, reactive amyloidosis is one of the rarer causes of chronic/persistent diarrhea. Inflammatory colitis secondary to POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) as a cause for chronic diarrhea has been reported only in a handful of cases and is often missed. We present such a case of chronic diarrhea in a middle-aged man, who was eventually diagnosed to have POEMS syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Bhattacharjee S, E-mail:
| | - I Siyad
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - BV Maramattom
- Department of Neurology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salahuddin AZ, Roy AS, Ahammed SU, Asadujjaman M, Das SK, Hossain MB, Miah OF, Borman GC, Afroz N, Bhattacharjee S, Rahman MM, Datta P, Islam MS, Hasib M, Islam H, Firoz NH, Khan SR, Saha BK, Khan SI. Pattern of Glomerular Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:80-87. [PMID: 34999684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular disease is one of the most important causes of chronic kidney disease in developing countries like Bangladesh as well as the whole world. The pattern of glomerular disease varies in different countries and can have different clinical presentations. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical profile and to determine the histological pattern of glomerular diseases in a large tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. All kidney biopsies performed in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from October 2018 to March 2020 were prospectively analyzed in the study. A total of 101 patients with kidney biopsy were examined by clinical and laboratory findings and by light and immuno-fluorescence microscopy. The mean age was 30.0±14.6 years and 50(49.5%) were male and 51(50.5%) were female with a male to female ratio of 1:1. The clinical syndromes namely nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, nephrito-nephrotic presentation, RPGN like presentation, macroscopic haematuria and asymptomatic urine abnormality were present in 31.7%, 34.5%, 22.8%, 11.9%, 19.8% and 10.9% patients respectively. The most common histological varieties found in the study were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) (18.8%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (18.8%). Other histopathological pattern among the studied subjects revealed minimal change disease (MCD) in 5.9%, membranous nephropathy (MN) in 7.9%, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 16.8%, IgA nephropathy in 5%, IgM nephropathy in 2%, IgG nephropathy in 2%, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) in 1%, focal proliferative glomerulo-nephritis (FPGN) in 3%, crescentic GN in 3%, lupus nephritis (LN) in 13.9%, amyloidosis in 1% and fibrillary glomerulopathy in 1% patient. The pattern of glomerular disease found in this study was similar to other studies performed in Bangladesh with a little variation. It may guide the future researchers to establish a national kidney biopsy registry in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Z Salahuddin
- Dr Abu Zafor Md Salahuddin, Registrar, Department of Nephrology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar P, Sinha RK, Daniel A, Shah H, Sriswan R, Kokane A, Mohapatra A, Kashyap V, Goel AK, Kumar V, Kiran A, Arlappa N, Joshi A, Nayak RR, Singh M, Salasibew M, Ghosh S, Pawar SM, Mishra P, Tiwari K, Bhattacharjee S, Saiyed F, Patel TS, Nayak PK, Sahoo SK, Prajapati M, Sinha S, de Wagt A. Effectiveness of community-based treatment programs for treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6-59 months using locally produced nutrient dense foods: protocol for a multicentric longitudinal quasi-experimental study. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34906257 PMCID: PMC8672603 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major underlying cause of mortality among children. Around one third of the world’s acutely malnourished children live in India. The WHO recommends community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) for managing children with SAM. In India, different states are implementing community-based SAM treatment programme, hereinafter called CSAM, using varieties of locally produced nutrient dense food items with different nutrient compositions. The study will assess the effectiveness of these state specific CSAM interventions. Methods The longitudinal quasi-experimental study will be undertaken in two purposively selected blocks of one district each in the four intervention states and one comparison state. From each state, 200 SAM children identified using weight-for-length/height z-score (WHZ) < − 3 criteria will be enrolled in the study. Their anthropometric data and skinfold thickness will be taken on admission, at sixth week and at discharge by trained field investigators. Other child details, incidence of morbidity and socio-economic details will be collected on admission. To assess food consumption pattern including consumption of locally produced nutrient dense food supplements, dietary assessment, using 24-h dietary recall will be conducted on admission, at sixth week and at discharge. In addition, body composition parameters will be assessed for a sub-set of children using bio-electrical impedance analysis on admission and at discharge to analyse changes in total body water, fat-free mass, and fat mass. Post discharge, all study participants will be followed up monthly until 6 months. Atleast 10% of the sample will be checked for quality assessment. The study’s primary outcome is cure rate defined as children attaining WHZ ≥ -2. Secondary outcomes include mean weight gain, mean length of stay, body composition parameters, relapse and mortality rates. Additionally, process evaluation and cost effectiveness analysis will be conducted. Discussion There is a shortage of robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of locally produced nutrient dense food supplements provided as part of the CSAM intervention in India. This study will contribute to evidence on effective strategies to manage children with uncomplicated SAM in India. The study protocol has all necessary ethical approvals. Written informed consent will be obtained from caregivers of the children. Trial registration The study is registered with Clinical Trial Registration of India (Registration No.: CTRI/2020/09/028013) Date of registration 24/09/2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00489-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, C-604 Connaught Circus, DIZ Area, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sinha
- National Centre of Excellence for Management of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (NCoE-SAM), Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, C-604 Connaught Circus, DIZ Area, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Abner Daniel
- UNICEF India Country Office, 73, Lodi Estate, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Hemang Shah
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, The Crescent, Level 3, Lado Sarai, New Delhi, 110030, India
| | - Raja Sriswan
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Beside Tarnaka Metro Station, Osmania University, PO, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Arun Kokane
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, AIIMS Campus, Saket Nagar, BaghSwaniya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Aditya Mohapatra
- Annex Building, SIHFW, BiraMaharana Ln, Nilakantha Nagar, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751012, India
| | - Vivek Kashyap
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Goel
- AIIMS Campus, Gate No, 1, Great Eastern Rd, opposite Gurudwara, Tatibandh, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492099, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, C-604 Connaught Circus, DIZ Area, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Asha Kiran
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834001, India
| | - N Arlappa
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Beside Tarnaka Metro Station, Osmania University, PO, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Ankur Joshi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, AIIMS Campus, Saket Nagar, BaghSwaniya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Women and Child Development and Mission Shakti, Government of Odisha, Mission Shakti Bhawan, At-Gandamunda, PO-Baramunda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Pin-751030, India
| | - Manjula Singh
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, The Crescent, Level 3, Lado Sarai, New Delhi, 110030, India
| | - Mihretab Salasibew
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, The Crescent, Level 3, Lado Sarai, New Delhi, 110030, India
| | - Samik Ghosh
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, The Crescent, Level 3, Lado Sarai, New Delhi, 110030, India
| | - Sameer Manikrao Pawar
- UNICEF, Plot No.41-42, Polytechnic Colony, Shyamla Hills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462013, India
| | - Preetu Mishra
- UNICEF, VISHWA Complex, Ground Floor, Near IICM, Kanke Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Khyati Tiwari
- UNICEF, Flat No. 1104, Block B, Indis One City, KPHB, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500072, India
| | | | | | - Tarun Shrikrishna Patel
- UNICEF, Plot No.41-42, Polytechnic Colony, Shyamla Hills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462013, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Nayak
- UNICEF, VISHWA Complex, Ground Floor, Near IICM, Kanke Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | | | | | - Shikha Sinha
- National Centre of Excellence for Management of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (NCoE-SAM), Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, C-604 Connaught Circus, DIZ Area, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Arjan de Wagt
- UNICEF India Country Office, 73, Lodi Estate, New Delhi, 110003, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhattacharjee S, Ceri Davies D, Holland JC, Holmes JM, Kilroy D, McGonnell IM, Reynolds AL. On the importance of integrating comparative anatomy and One Health perspectives in anatomy education. J Anat 2021; 240:429-446. [PMID: 34693516 PMCID: PMC8819042 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of many factors, including climate change, unrestricted population growth, widespread deforestation and intensive agriculture, a new pattern of diseases in humans is emerging. With increasing encroachment by human societies into wild domains, the interfaces between human and animal ecosystems are gradually eroding. Such changes have led to zoonoses, vector‐borne diseases, infectious diseases and, most importantly, the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant microbial strains as challenges for human health. Now would seem to be an opportune time to revisit old concepts of health and redefine some of these in the light of emerging challenges. The One Health concept addresses some of the demands of modern medical education by providing a holistic approach to explaining diseases that result from a complex set of interactions between humans, environment and animals, rather than just an amalgamation of isolated signs and symptoms. An added advantage is that the scope of One Health concepts has now expanded to include genetic diseases due to advancements in omics technology. Inspired by such ideas, a symposium was organised as part of the 19th International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) Congress (August 2019) to investigate the scope of One Health concepts and comparative anatomy in contemporary medical education. Speakers with expertise in both human and veterinary anatomy participated in the symposium and provided examples where these two disciplines, which have so far evolved largely independent of each other, can collaborate for mutual benefit. Finally, the speakers identified some key concepts of One Health that should be prioritised and discussed the diverse opportunities available to integrate these priorities into a broader perspective that would attempt to explain and manage diseases within the scopes of human and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Ceri Davies
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane C Holland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David Kilroy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Alison L Reynolds
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhattacharjee S. On Harvesting and Handling of Porcine Jejunal Mucus: A Few Tricks of the Trade. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1851-1855. [PMID: 34706284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a heterogeneous hydrogel, mucus has evolved into a formidable physiological barrier protecting the human body from external pathogens and toxic molecules. With mucin as its primary solid component, the viscoelasticity of mucus remains dynamic and dependent upon a plethora of factors, including pathological state, food intake, and infection. Current nanomedicine research strives toward developing nanoformulations that can permeate through the mucus barrier and release the encapsulated cargo of drug molecules at the vicinity of epithelial lining or be directly absorbed into the bloodstream. However, it is difficult to mimic mucus in vitro while the ex vivo models remain inadequate or incompatible with many established microscopic platforms. The UCD School of Veterinary Medicine has a rich legacy of working with porcine gut mucus as an experimental model, while some interesting and innovative ideas were developed by researchers here to address these challenges. This article presents a snapshot of those ideas and life hacks that the author wishes to share with the nanomedicine research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharjee S, Sen D. Driven quantum many-body systems and out-of-equilibrium topology. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:393001. [PMID: 34225268 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review we present some of the work done in India in the area of driven and out-of-equilibrium systems with topological phases. After presenting some well-known examples of topological systems in one and two dimensions, we discuss the effects of periodic driving in some of them. We discuss the unitary as well as the non-unitary dynamical preparation of topologically non-trivial states in one and two dimensional systems. We then discuss the effects of Majorana end modes on transport through a Kitaev chain and a junction of three Kitaev chains. Following this, transport through the surface states of a three-dimensional topological insulator has also been reviewed. The effects of hybridization between the top and bottom surfaces in such systems and the application of electromagnetic radiation on a strip-like region on the top surface are described. Two unusual topological systems are mentioned briefly, namely, a spin system on a kagome lattice and a Josephson junction of three superconducting wires. We have also included a pedagogical discussion on topology and topological invariants in the appendices, where the connection between topological properties and the intrinsic geometry of many-body quantum states is also elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Diptiman Sen
- Center for High Energy Physics and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh M, Shivakumar Y, BS A, Bhattacharjee S, Poojary R. Liquid Biopsy using “Cell – Free DNA” as Predictive Marker of Response after Radiotherapy in Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is in a growth phase for drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanomaterials with unique properties present opportunities for encapsulation of therapeutics and imaging agents, along with conjugation to ligands for targeting. Favorable chemistry of nanomaterials can create formulations that address critical challenges for therapeutics, such as insolubility and a low capacity to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intestinal wall. AREAS COVERED The authors investigate challenges faced during translation of nanomedicines while suggesting reasons as to why some nanoformulations have under-performed in clinical trials. They assess physiological barriers such as the BBB and gut mucus that nanomedicines must overcome to deliver cargos. They also provide an overview with examples of how nanomedicines can be designed to improve localization and site-specific delivery (e.g., encapsulation, bioconjugation, and triggered-release). EXPERT OPINION There are examples where nanomedicines have demonstrated improved efficacy of payload in humans; however, most of the advantages conferred were in improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. Problematic data show susceptibility of nanoformulations against natural protective mechanisms present in the body, including distribution impediment by physiological barriers and activation of the reticuloendothelial system. Further initiatives should address current challenges while expanding the scope of nanomedicine into advanced biomedical imaging and antibiotic delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grzeszczuk Z, Rosillo A, Owens Ó, Bhattacharjee S. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) As a Surface Mapping Tool in Microorganisms Resistant Toward Antimicrobials: A Mini-Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:517165. [PMID: 33123004 PMCID: PMC7567160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.517165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses due to a plethora of reasons, such as genetic mutation and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, is a major challenge faced by the healthcare sector today. One of the issues at hand is to effectively screen and isolate resistant strains from sensitive ones. Utilizing the distinct nanomechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, intracellular turgor pressure, and Young’s modulus) of microbes can be an intriguing way to achieve this; while atomic force microscopy (AFM), with or without modification of the tips, presents an effective way to investigate such biophysical properties of microbial surfaces or an entire microbial cell. Additionally, advanced AFM instruments, apart from being compatible with aqueous environments—as often is the case for biological samples—can measure the adhesive forces acting between AFM tips/cantilevers (conjugated to bacterium/virion, substrates, and molecules) and target cells/surfaces to develop informative force-distance curves. Moreover, such force spectroscopies provide an idea of the nature of intercellular interactions (e.g., receptor-ligand) or propensity of microbes to aggregate into densely packed layers, that is, the formation of biofilms—a property of resistant strains (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This mini-review will revisit the use of single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) that are emerging as powerful additions to the arsenal of researchers in the struggle against resistant microbes, identify their strengths and weakness and, finally, prioritize some future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Óisín Owens
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mondal S, Bhattacharjee S, Dutta A. Exploring the role of asymmetric-pulse modulation in quantum thermal machines and quantum thermometry. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022140. [PMID: 32942435 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We explore the consequences of periodically modulating a quantum two-level system (TLS) with an asymmetric pulse when the system is in contact with thermal baths. By adopting the Floquet-Lindblad formalism for our analysis, we find that the unequal "up" and "down" time duration of the pulse has two main ramifications. First, the energy gap of the multiple sidebands or photon sectors created as a result of the periodic modulation are renormalized by a term which is dependent on both the modulation strength as well as the fraction of up (or down) time duration. Second, the weights of the different sidebands are no longer symmetrically distributed about the central band or zero photon sector. We illustrate the advantages of these findings in the context of applications in quantum thermal machines and thermometry. For a thermal machine constructed by coupling the TLS to two thermal baths, we demonstrate that the asymmetric pulse provides an extra degree of control over the mode of operation of the thermal machine. Further, by appropriately tuning the weight of the subbands, we also show that an asymmetric pulse may provide superior optimality in a recently proposed protocol for quantum thermometry, where dynamical control has been shown to enhance the precision of measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Amit Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Midekessa G, Godakumara K, Ord J, Viil J, Lättekivi F, Dissanayake K, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A, Andronowska A, Bhattacharjee S, Rinken T, Fazeli A. Zeta Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Understanding the Attributes that Determine Colloidal Stability. ACS Omega 2020; 5:16701-16710. [PMID: 32685837 PMCID: PMC7364712 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (<200 nm), play a vital role in intercellular communication and carry a net negative surface charge under physiological conditions. Zeta potential (ZP) is a popular method to measure the surface potential of EVs, while used as an indicator of surface charge, and colloidal stability influenced by surface chemistry, bioconjugation, and the theoretical model applied. Here, we investigated the effects of such factors on ZP of well-characterized EVs derived from the human choriocarcinoma JAr cells. The EVs were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of various phosphate ionic concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM), with or without detergent (Tween-20), or in the presence (10 mM) of different salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3) and at different pH values (4, 7, and 10) while the ZP was measured. The ZP changed inversely with the buffer concentration, while Tween-20 caused a significant (p < 0.05) lowering of the ZP. Moreover, the ZP was significantly (p < 0.05) less negative in the presence of ions with higher valency (Al3+/Ca2+) than in the presence of monovalent ones (Na+/K+). Besides, the ZP of EVs became less negative at acidic pH, and vice versa. The integrated data underpins the crucial role of physicochemical attributes that influence the colloidal stability of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Midekessa
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James Ord
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keerthie Dissanayake
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department
of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and
Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toonika Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Academic
Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology
and Metabolism, Medical School, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bhatia V, Parida SP, Mahajan PB, Sahoo DP, Bhattacharjee S. A Community based Study of Anaemia Burden using Hemocue 201 in Eastern India. Indian J Community Health 2020. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: India is facing a serious burden of anemia where majority of the women (51%) of reproductive age suffer from anemia. Though there are many programs being run for decades to fight anaemia, it still persist to be a major health challenge in Odisha where around half of the women and children are anemic (children age 6-59 months; 44.6%, pregnant women of age 15-49; 47.6%, all women of age 15-49 years; 51.0%). Objectives: AIIMS Bhubaneswar, in partnership with Govt. of Odisha and UNICEF aimed to assess the burden of anaemia in the state. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 3974 beneficiaries between March to July 2016. Hemoglobin estimation was done using Hemocue 201. Results: Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was observed to be 39-58%, 7-20% and 1-3%, respectively in 4 districts. Coverage of iron folic acid tablets amongst adolescent girls, adolescent boys, pregnant women, lactating mothers, and women of reproductive age groups were 38%, 16%, 73%, 46%, 11% respectively. Conclusion: The study has shown that prevalence of severe and moderate anaemia has decreased to a greater extent, however the prevalence of mild anaemia is still very high.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bhattacharjee S. #anatomymcq-A pilot study on using the Twitter survey tool as a formative assessment strategy. MedEdPublish (2016) 2020; 9:141. [PMID: 38073823 PMCID: PMC10702688 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000141.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Various social media portals, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, are emerging fast as effective platforms in anatomy education. Interestingly, the survey tool of Twitter can be utilized to develop multiple-choice questions, where the students may cast their votes in favor of the correct option. To assess the utility of the tool, a study was undertaken over fourteen weeks (twelve weeks of tutorials and two weeks of study break before the end-of-term examination) during the second semester of the 2016-2017 academic year in the University College Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine under voluntary and anonymous participation. Methods: One survey with four alternatives and marked with #anatomymcq was posted on each day of the week, while the correct answer was revealed the following day, also marked with the #anatomymcq-thus, a total of 67 such surveys broadly classifiable under the following topics: gastrointestinal system (n=14), urinary system (n=12), comparative anatomy (n=10), embryology (n=10), reproductive system (n=14) and applied anatomy (n=7) were tweeted. Results: Altogether 263 votes were received (highest in the weeks 7 and 8) for the 67 surveys in the following order: GI system (6.50 votes/survey) > urinary system (4.33 votes/survey) > comparative anatomy (3.60 votes/survey) > embryology (2.90 votes/survey) > reproductive system (2.64 votes/survey) > applied anatomy (2.57 votes/survey). The average daily impressions for the surveys were significantly ( p<0.05) higher than the first week, while the weekly mean engagement rate grew from the first week as well. The weekly total number of hashtag clicks also increased. The student feedback was positive on the exercise. Conclusions: The integrated data highlight the potential of such a tool while identifying its strengths and weaknesses and was able to provide an interactive tool to engage students outside the formal teaching hours while facilitating student learning and engagement.
Collapse
|
30
|
Patel SI, Combs D, Provencio-Dean N, Mashaqi S, Bhattacharjee S, Quan SF, Morton CJ, Wendel C, Parthasarathy S. 0717 Peer-intervention Can Reduce Health Disparities In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a major problem. Moreover, up to 20% of patients with suspected OSA who are referred to sleep study testing do not adhere to such diagnostic work-up. Although, peer-driven intervention with an interactive voice response system (PDI-IVR) can improve CPAP adherence, whether such an intervention can improve adherence to sleep study testing is unknown. Also, there remain health disparities with greater levels of CPAP nonadherence disproportionately affecting individuals of lower socioeconomic status. We aimed to determine whether PDI-IVR can improve adherence to sleep study testing and CPAP adherence in a lower income population.
Methods
We performed a prospective, randomized, parallel group, controlled trial wherein patients with suspected OSA were randomly assigned to receive PDI-IVR or provided with educational information regarding OSA and CPAP therapy (attention-control group) while both groups received usual care. The PDI-IVR interactions aimed at promoting adherence to sleep study testing and in patients diagnosed with OSA the peer-intervention was focused on improving CPAP adherence. In the PDI-IVR group, trained peers (peer-buddies) with OSA were paired with randomized patients over a 6-month period combined with an ability to meet in-person, email, text message, or phone an inter-disciplinary team of providers.
Results
In this pilot study, there were 63 patients (48.4 ± 12.5 years; 30 men) who were randomized to intervention (n=31) and attention-control (n=32) arms. There were 36 peer-buddies who mentored the patients in the intervention group. Intention to treat analysis revealed that failure to undergo sleep study testing was 15.6% of patients in the attention-control arm and 9.7% in the PDI-IVR arm (P=0.7). Per protocol analysis revealed that failure to undergo sleep study testing was 18.4% of patients in the attention-control arm and 4% in the PDI-IVR arm (P=0.13). At 6 months, CPAP adherence was greater in PDI-IVR arm (290 ± 45 min [SE]) than attention-control arm (181 ± 43 min; P=0.01).
Conclusion
In a lower income population, PDI-IVR improved CPAP adherence with a tendency for better adherence to sleep-study testing. Peer-intervention can reduce sleep health disparities.
Support
HL138377
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Patel
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - D Combs
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - N Provencio-Dean
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - S Mashaqi
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - S Bhattacharjee
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - S F Quan
- Harvard Medical School and UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - C J Morton
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - C Wendel
- UAHS Center for Sleep & Circadian Sciences; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - S Parthasarathy
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Tucson, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dissanayake K, Nõmm M, Lättekivi F, Ressaissi Y, Godakumara K, Lavrits A, Midekessa G, Viil J, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Bhattacharjee S, Andronowska A, Salumets A, Jaakma Ü, Fazeli A. Individually cultured bovine embryos produce extracellular vesicles that have the potential to be used as non-invasive embryo quality markers. Theriogenology 2020; 149:104-116. [PMID: 32259747 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound biological nanoparticles (NPs) and have gained wide attention as potential biomarkers. We aimed to isolate and characterize EVs from media conditioned by individually cultured preimplantation bovine embryos and to assess their relationship with embryo quality. Presumptive zygotes were cultured individually in 60 μl droplets of culture media, and 50 μl of media were collected from the droplets either on day 2, 5 or 8 post-fertilization. After sampling, the embryo cultures were continued in the remaining media until day 8, and the embryo development was evaluated at day 2 (cleavage), day 5 (morula stage) and day 8 (blastocyst stage). EVs were isolated using qEVsingle® columns and characterized. Based on EV Array, EVs isolated from embryo conditioned media were strongly positive for EV-markers CD9 and CD81 and weakly positive for CD63 and Alix among others. They had a cup-like shape typical to EVs as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and spherical shape in scanning electron microscopy, and hence regarded as EVs. However, the NPs isolated from control media were negative for EV markers. Based on nanoparticle tracking analysis, at day 2, the mean concentration of EVs isolated from media conditioned by embryos that degenerated after cleaving (8.25 × 108/ml) was higher compared to that of embryos that prospectively developed to blastocysts (5.86 × 108/ml, p < 0.05). Moreover, at day 8, the concentration of EVs isolated from media conditioned by degenerating embryos (7.17 × 108/ml) was higher compared to that of blastocysts (5.68 × 108/ml, p < 0.05). Furthermore, at day 8, the mean diameter of EVs isolated from media conditioned by degenerating embryos (153.7 nm) was smaller than EVs from media conditioned by blastocysts (163.5 nm, p < 0.05). In conclusion, individually cultured preimplantation bovine embryos secrete EVs in the culture media and their concentration and size are influenced by embryo quality and may indicate their prospective development potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerthie Dissanayake
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Monika Nõmm
- Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yosra Ressaissi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arina Lavrits
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Getnet Midekessa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Jaakma
- Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fulpagare PH, Saraswat A, Dinachandra K, Surani N, Parhi RN, Bhattacharjee S, S S, Purty A, Mohapatra B, Kejrewal N, Agrawal N, Bhatia V, Ruikar M, Gope RK, Murira Z, De Wagt A, Sethi V. Antenatal Care Service Utilization Among Adolescent Pregnant Women-Evidence From Swabhimaan Programme in India. Front Public Health 2020; 7:369. [PMID: 31921737 PMCID: PMC6927275 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pregnant adolescent girls (15–19 years) are more vulnerable to poor health and nutrition than adult pregnant women because of marginalization and lack of knowledge about the antenatal care (ANC) services. The present study aims to test this hypothesis and assess determinants of ANC service utilization among currently adolescent pregnant women. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline survey of SWABHIMAAN project, which had been conducted in three states of India: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. Out of a total 2,573 pregnant women (15–49 years) included in the sample, about 10% (N = 278) were adolescent girls (15–19 years) at the time of the survey, and the rest were adults. Sample was selected from the population using simple random sampling, and information was collected using pretested questionnaires. Results: For all indicators of ANC service utilization, performance of adolescent pregnant women was better than adult pregnant women. However, significant variations were reported in the level of services received by adult pregnant women for different indicators. Religion, wealth, food insecurity, Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Day meeting, Public Distribution System and Integrated Child Development Services entitlements, and knowledge of family planning methods had a significant effect on the ANC service utilization. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnant women have shown better utilization of selected indicators than their adult counterparts. Utilization of full ANC services starting from first trimester itself for adolescent pregnant women is an urgent need in present context. Intervention program must pay attention to such adolescent married girls who are entering into the motherhood phase of their lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Somya S
- Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society, Patna, India
| | - Apollo Purty
- Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society, Patna, India
| | | | - Nita Kejrewal
- Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana, National Rural Livelihoods Mission, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Agrawal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manisha Ruikar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | | | - Zivai Murira
- Regional Office for South Asia, UNICEF, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Vani Sethi
- Country Office, UNICEF, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hristov D, McCartney F, Beirne J, Mahon E, Reid S, Bhattacharjee S, Penarier G, Werner U, Bazile D, Brayden DJ. Silica-Coated Nanoparticles with a Core of Zinc, l-Arginine, and a Peptide Designed for Oral Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:1257-1269. [PMID: 31802658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle constructs for oral peptide delivery at a minimum must protect and present the peptide at the small intestinal epithelium in order to achieve oral bioavailability. In a reproducible, scalable, surfactant-free process, a core was formed with insulin in ratios with two established excipients and stabilizers, zinc chloride and l-arginine. Cross-linking was achieved with silica, which formed an outer shell. The process was reproducible across several batches, and physicochemical characterization of a single batch was confirmed in two independent laboratories. The silica-coated nanoparticles (SiNPs) entrapped insulin with high entrapment efficiency, preserved its structure, and released it at a pH value present in the small intestine. The SiNP delivered insulin to the circulation and reduced plasma glucose in a rat jejunal instillation model. The delivery mechanism required residual l-arginine in the particle to act as a permeation enhancer for SiNP-released insulin in the jejunum. The synthetic process was varied in terms of ratios of zinc chloride and l-arginine in the core to entrap the glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, exenatide, and bovine serum albumin. SiNP-delivered exenatide was also bioactive in mice to some extent following oral gavage. The process is the basis for a platform for oral peptide and protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Geraldine Penarier
- Sanofi Recherche & Développement , PSO/LGCR , Bâtiment BLP, rue du Pr Blayac , 34184 Montpellier Cedex 4 , France
| | - Ulrich Werner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH . Industriepark Höchst , K703 65926 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Didier Bazile
- Sanofi Recherche & Développement , CMC External Innovation , 82, avenue Raspail , 94250 Gentilly Cedex , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thakur SK, Goswami K, Bhattacharjee S, Soni U, Guchhait P, Eswaran SV. A Water Soluble Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Aryl Aziridino Carboxylic Acid Decorated Mn (II) Complex Increased Root Growth in
Arabidopsis thaliana. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Thakur
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot No. 10, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area New Delhi- 110070, Delhi India
| | - K. Goswami
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - S. Bhattacharjee
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - U. Soni
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot No. 10, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area New Delhi- 110070, Delhi India
| | - P. Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - S. V. Eswaran
- Teri Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre (TDNBC)TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Gurugram Haryana- 122 003 India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sethi V, Bhanot A, Bhattacharjee S, Gope R, Sarangi D, Nath V, Nair N, Singh U, Daniel A, Parhi RN, Sinha S, Loomba A, S S, Purty A, Ali N, Mohapatra B, Agarwal N, Bhatia V, Ruikar M, Sahu B, R S R, Pedgaonkar S, Dwivedi LK, Saiyed F, Prajapati M, Mishra P, Prost A, Kejrewal N, De Wagt A, Sachdev H, Unisa S. Integrated multisectoral strategy to improve girls' and women's nutrition before conception, during pregnancy and after birth in India (Swabhimaan): protocol for a prospective, non-randomised controlled evaluation. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031632. [PMID: 31740469 PMCID: PMC6886981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Swabhimaan is a community-based programme to improve adolescent girls' and women's nutrition in the rural areas of three Indian states-Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha with high prevalence of undernutrition. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Swabhimaan has a nested prospective, non-randomised controlled evaluation. Since 2017, five intervention sites receive community-led interventions through national government's livelihood mission supported women's self-help group federations and five control sites will initiate these activities 36 months later, in 2020. Community-led activities aim to improve coverage of 18 interventions including adequacy of food consumed, prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, access to basic health services and special care of nutritionally 'at risk' girls and women, improving hygiene and access to water and sanitation services and access to family planning services. The evaluation includes baseline (2016-2017), midline (2018-2019) and endline (2020-2021) surveys covering 6638 adolescent girls, 2992 pregnant women and 8755 mothers of children under 2. The final impact analysis will be by intention to treat, comparing primary and secondary outcomes in five intervention areas and five control areas. The primary outcomes are: (1) a 15% reduction in the proportion of adolescent girls with a body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2; (2) a 15% reduction in the proportion of mothers of children under two with a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and (3) and a 0.4 cm improvement in mean mid-upper arm circumference among pregnant women. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha and in compliance with guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Evidence will inform maternal and preconception nutrition policy at national and state level. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 58261b2f46876 and CTRI/2016/11/007482; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vani Sethi
- Child Development and Nutrition, UNICEF India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Usha Singh
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - Abner Daniel
- Child Development and Nutrition, UNICEF India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sonali Sinha
- Nutrition section, UNICEF Odisha, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | | | - Somya S
- Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society, Patna, India
| | - Apollo Purty
- Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society, Patna, India
| | | | | | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Community and Family Medicince, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manisha Ruikar
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | | | - Reshmi R S
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Farhat Saiyed
- Nutrition section, UNICEF Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | | | - Preetu Mishra
- Nutrition section, UNICEF Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - Audrey Prost
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nita Kejrewal
- Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana, National Rural Livelihoods Mission, New Delhi, India
| | - Arjan De Wagt
- Child Development and Nutrition, UNICEF India, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshpal Sachdev
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Unisa
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bhattacharjee S, Kumar A. The BNP Conundrum – Charecterisation of BNP Values for Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Causes. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
37
|
Hearne GR, Musyimi P, Bhattacharjee S, Forthaus MK, Abd-Elmeguid MM. Unusual pressure-induced metallic state in the correlated narrow band-gap semiconductor FeSi. Phys Rev B 2019; 100:155118. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
38
|
Bhattacharjee S, Varkey BM, Subrahmanyam BN. Detection of meningo-encephalitis trends using the syndrome evaluation system - A Pan-India multiplex PCR study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Bera B, Bhattacharjee S, Roy C. Estimating Stream Piracy in the Lower Ganga Plain of a Quaternary Geological Site in West Bengal, India Applying Sedimentological Bank Facies, Log and Geospatial Techniques. CURR SCI INDIA 2019. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v117/i4/662-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
Siddhanta S, Bhattacharjee S, Harrison SM, Scholz D, Barman I. Shedding Light on the Trehalose-Enabled Mucopermeation of Nanoparticles with Label-Free Raman Spectroscopy. Small 2019; 15:e1901679. [PMID: 31267720 PMCID: PMC6697627 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have attracted significant interest owing to their promise as tunable platforms that offer improved intracellular release of cargo therapeutics. However, significant challenges remain in maintaining the physiological stability of the mucosal matrix due to the nanoparticle-induced reduction in the matrix diffusivity and promotion of mucin aggregation. Such aggregation also adversely impacts the permeability of the nanoparticles, and thus, diminishes the efficacy of nanoparticle-based formulations. Here, an entirely complementary approach is proposed to the existing nanoparticle functionalization methods to address these challenges by using trehalose, a naturally occurring disaccharide that offers exceptional protein stabilization. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and far-red fluorescence emission of the plasmonic silver nanoparticulate clusters are harnessed to create a unique dual-functional, aggregating, and imaging agent that obviates the need of an additional reporter to investigate mucus-nanoparticle interactions. These spectroscopy-based density mapping tools uncover the mechanism of mucus-nanoparticle interactions and establish the protective role of trehalose microenvironment in minimizing the nanoparticle aggregation. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing belief, these results demonstrate that nonfunctionalized nanoparticles may rapidly penetrate through mucus barriers, and by leveraging the bioprotectant attributes of trehalose, an in vivo milieu for efficient mucosal drug delivery can be generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Siddhanta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sabine M Harrison
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dimitri Scholz
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chattopadhyay A, Sethi V, Nagargoje VP, Saraswat A, Surani N, Agarwal N, Bhatia V, Ruikar M, Bhattacharjee S, Parhi RN, Dar S, Daniel A, Sachdev HPS, Singh CM, Gope R, Nath V, Sareen N, De Wagt A, Unisa S. WASH practices and its association with nutritional status of adolescent girls in poverty pockets of eastern India. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:89. [PMID: 31277634 PMCID: PMC6612154 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices may affect the growth and nutritional status among adolescents. Therefore, this paper assesses WASH practices and its association with nutritional status among adolescent girls. METHODS As a part of an intervention programme, this study is based on baseline cross-sectional data. It was conducted between May 2016-April 2017 in three Indian states (Bihar, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh). From a sample of 6352 adolescent girls, information on WASH practices, accessibility to health services and anthropometric measurements (height, weight and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)) was collected. Descriptive statistics were used to examine WASH practices, and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Determinants of open defecation and menstrual hygiene were assessed using logistic regression. Association between WASH and nutritional status of adolescent girls was determined using linear regression. RESULTS Findings showed 82% of the adolescent girls were practicing open defecation and 76% were not using sanitary napkins. Significant predictors of open defecation and non use of sanitary napkin during menstruation were non Hindu households, households with poorer wealth, non availability of water within household premise, non visit to Anganwadi Centre, and non attendance in Kishori group meetings. One-third of adolescent girls were stunted, 17% were thin and 20% had MUAC < 19 cm. Poor WASH practices like water facility outside the household premise, unimproved sanitation facility, non use of soap after defecation had significant association with poor nutritional status of adolescent girls. CONCLUSIONS Concerted convergent actions focusing on the provision of clean water within the household premise, measures to stop open defecation, promotion of hand washing, accessibility of sanitary napkins, poverty alleviation and behavior change are needed. Health, nutrition and livelihood programmes must be interspersed, and adolescents must be encouraged to take part in these programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vani Sethi
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India Country Office, 73 Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abhishek Saraswat
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Nikita Surani
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manisha Ruikar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | | | | | - Shivani Dar
- UNICEF India, Field Office Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Abner Daniel
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India Country Office, 73 Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, India
| | - H. P. S. Sachdev
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - C. M. Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | | | | | | | - Arjan De Wagt
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India Country Office, 73 Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Unisa
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stuttgen V, Giffney HE, Anandan A, Alabdali A, Twarog C, Belhout SA, O Loughlin M, Podhorska L, Delaney C, Geoghegan N, Mc-Fadden J, Alhadhrami NA, Fleming A, Phadke S, Yadav R, Fattah S, McCartney F, Alsharif SA, McCaul J, Singh K, Erikandath S, O Meara F, Wychowaniec JK, Cutrona MB, MacMaster G, Reynolds AL, Gaines S, Hogg B, Farrelly M, D Alton M, Coulahan P, Bhattacharjee S. The UCD nanosafety workshop (03 December 2018): towards developing a consensus on safe handling of nanomaterials within the Irish university labs and beyond - a report. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:717-732. [PMID: 31111769 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1621402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Careful handling of the nanomaterials (NMs) in research labs is crucial to ensure a safe working environment. As the largest university in Ireland, University College Dublin (UCD) has invested significant resources to update researchers working with NMs. Due to sizes often <100 nm, the NMs including nanoparticles, harbor unprecedented materialistic properties, for example, enhanced reactivity, conductivity, fluorescence, etc. which albeit conferring the NMs an edge over bulk materials regarding the applied aspects; depending on the dose, also render them to be toxic. Thus, a set of regulatory guidelines have emerged regarding safe handling of the NMs within occupational set-ups. Unfortunately, the current regulations based on the toxic chemicals and carcinogens are often confusing, lack clarity, and difficult to apply for the NMs. As a research-intensive university, a diverse range of research activities occur within the UCD labs, and it is difficult, at times impossible, for the UCD Safety, Insurance, Operational Risk & Compliance (SIRC) office to develop a set of common guidelines and cater throughout all its labs conducting research with the NMs. Hence, a necessity for dialog and exchange of ideas was felt across the UCD which encouraged the researchers including early stage researchers (e.g. PhDs, Postdocs) from multiple schools to participate in a workshop held on the 03 December 2018. The workshop tried to follow a pragmatic approach, where apart from discussing both the in vitro and in vivo scenarios, practical cases simulating situations faced frequently in the labs were discussed. This report summarizes the findings made during the workshop by this emerging critical mass in UCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Stuttgen
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Hugh E Giffney
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Ayana Anandan
- b School of Biology and Environmental Science (SBES) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Anwar Alabdali
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Caroline Twarog
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Samir A Belhout
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mark O Loughlin
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Lucia Podhorska
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Colm Delaney
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Niamh Geoghegan
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Jessica Mc-Fadden
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Nahlah A Alhadhrami
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Aisling Fleming
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Shreyas Phadke
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Ravi Yadav
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sarinj Fattah
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Fiona McCartney
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Shada Ali Alsharif
- d School of Physics , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Jasmin McCaul
- e School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science (SBBS) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Krutika Singh
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sumesh Erikandath
- d School of Physics , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Fergal O Meara
- e School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science (SBBS) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- c School of Chemistry , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Meritxell B Cutrona
- b School of Biology and Environmental Science (SBES) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gwyneth MacMaster
- b School of Biology and Environmental Science (SBES) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Alison L Reynolds
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Susan Gaines
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Bridget Hogg
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Marc Farrelly
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mark D Alton
- f Biomedical Facilities , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Peter Coulahan
- g Safety, Insurance, Operational Risk & Compliance (SIRC) Office , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- a School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eljaaly K, Alshehri S, Bhattacharjee S, Al-Tawfiq J, Patanwala A. Contraindicated drug–drug interactions associated with oral antimicrobial agents prescribed in the ambulatory care setting in the United States. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:620-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
44
|
Bhattacharjee S, Chew A, Kashyap R, Wu C, Yeo M, O’Brien B, Rapp B, McCloskey M, Oishi K, Desmond J, Chen S. Could tDCS Modulate Bilingual Reading? Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
45
|
R. S. R, Dinachandra K, Bhanot A, Unisa S, Menon GT, Agrawal N, Bhatia V, Ruikar M, Daniel A, Bhattacharjee S, Parhi RN, Sachdev HPS, Gope RK, Wagt AD, Sethi V. Context for layering women's nutrition interventions on a large scale poverty alleviation program: Evidence from three eastern Indian states. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210836. [PMID: 30668595 PMCID: PMC6342298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 70 million women of reproductive age are undernourished in India. Most poverty alleviation programs have not been systematically evaluated to assess impact on women's empowerment and nutrition outcomes. National Rural Livelihoods Mission's poverty alleviation and livelihoods generation initiative is an opportune platform to layer women's nutrition interventions being tapped by project Swabhimaan in three eastern Indian states-Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. A cross-sectional baseline survey covering 8755 mothers of children under-two years of age, one of the three primary target groups of program are presented. Standardized questionnaire was administered and anthropometric measurements were undertaken from October 2016 to January 2017. 21 indicators on women's empowerment, Body Mass Index and Mid-upper Arm Circumference for nutrition status, food insecurity indicators as per the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and selected indicators for assessing women's access to basic health services were included. National Rural Livelihoods Mission operates in contexts with stark social and gender inequalities. Self-help group members exhibited better control on financial resources and participation in community activities than non-members. Using Body Mass Index, at least 45% mothers were undernourished irrespective of their enrolment in self-help groups. Higher proportion of self-help group members (77%-87%) belonged to food insecure households than non-members (66%-83%). Proportion of mothers reporting receipt of various components of antenatal care service package varied from over 90% for tetanus toxoid vaccination to less than 10% for height measurement. Current use of family planning methods was excruciatingly low (8.2%-32.4%) in all states but positively skewed towards self-help group members. Participation in monthly fixed day health camps was a concern in Bihar. Layering women's nutrition interventions as stipulated under Swabhimaan may yield better results for women's empowerment and nutrition status under National Rural Livelihoods Mission. While this opportunity exists in all three states, Bihar with a higher proportion of matured self-help groups offers more readiness for Swabhimaan implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi R. S.
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Sayeed Unisa
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Neeraj Agrawal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manisha Ruikar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | - Abner Daniel
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India, Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - H. P. S. Sachdev
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arjan De Wagt
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India, Country Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Vani Sethi
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF India, Country Office, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Datta S, Sinha B, Bhattacharjee S, Seal T. Evaluation of Selected Invasive Alien Species via Bioprospecting as Potential Sources of Food Supplements. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2019.00013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Bhattacharjee S, Satwaha S, Thornton K, Scholz D. Label-Free Imaging and Optical Characterization of Tissues Based on Autofluorescence. ACS Omega 2018; 3:5926-5930. [PMID: 30023932 PMCID: PMC6044981 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Attaining capability of label-free optical characterization of tissues will offer methodological advancement and possibilities for early clinical detection, which is of paramount importance in treating patients under clinical setups, for example, cancer. Here, we demonstrate the potential of autofluorescence exhibited by tissues as an enabling microscopic strategy to achieve high-resolution imagery data offering a wealth of clinically relevant information including possibility of three-dimensional rendering. Furthermore, we elucidate the use of analytic tools to extract numerical read-outs from such data with further implications in histopathology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, and screening purposes. This study summarizes the results obtained through a systematic autofluorescence-based investigation on murine and porcine gut tissues with an example of applying the technique in nanotoxicology. The study provides with a methodological roadmap toward developing a fast, effective, and robust platform enabling in-depth optical characterization of tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Simran Satwaha
- School
of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, U.K.
| | - Kevin Thornton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dimitri Scholz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maitra S, Som A, Bhattacharjee S. Accuracy of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria for predicting mortality in hospitalized patients with suspected infection: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1123-1129. [PMID: 29605565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria to predict in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with suspected infection. METHODS This meta-analysis followed the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group consensus statement for conducting and reporting the results of systematic review. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for the observational studies which reported predictive utility of qSOFA score for predicting mortality in patients with suspected or proven infection with the following search words: 'qSOFA', 'q-SOFA', 'quick-SOFA', 'Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment', 'quick SOFA'. Sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with 95% confidence interval (CI) of qSOFA and SIRS criteria for predicting in-hospital mortality was collected for each study and a 2 × 2 table was created for each study. RESULTS Data of 406 802 patients from 45 observational studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) of qSOFA ≥2 for predicting mortality in patients who were not in an intensive care unit (ICU) was 0.48 (0.41-0.55) and 0.83 (0.78-0.87), respectively. Pooled sensitivity (95% CI) of qSOFA ≥2 for predicting mortality in patients (both ICU and non-ICU settings) with suspected infection was 0.56 (0.47-0.65) and pooled specificity (95% CI) was 0.78 (0.71-0.83). CONCLUSION qSOFA has been found to be a poorly sensitive predictive marker for in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with suspected infection. It is reasonable to recommend developing another scoring system with higher sensitivity to identify high-risk patients with infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Maitra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Som
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MAMBS, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India.
| | - S Bhattacharjee
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mohapatra S, Sarkar B, Samantaray DP, Daware A, Maity S, Pattnaik S, Bhattacharjee S. Bioconversion of fish solid waste into PHB using Bacillus subtilis based submerged fermentation process. Environ Technol 2017; 38:3201-3208. [PMID: 28162048 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1291759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, one of the major problem affecting the world is solid waste management, predominantly petroleum-based plastic and fish solid waste (FSW). However, it is very difficult to reduce the consumption of plastic as well as fish products, but it is promising to convert FSW to biopolymer to reduce eco-pollution. On account of that, the bioconversion of FSW extract to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was undertaken by using Bacillus subtilis (KP172548). Under optimized conditions, 1.62 g/L of PHB has been produced by the bacterium. The purified compound was further characterized by advanced analytical technologies to elucidate its chemical structure. Results indicated that the biopolymer was found to be PHB, the most common homopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of B. subtilis to utilize FSW extract to produce biopolymer. The biocompatibility of the PHB against murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 demonstrated that, it was comparatively less toxic, favourable for surface attachment and proliferation in comparison with poly-lactic acid (PLA) and commercially available PHB. Thus, further exploration is highly indispensable to use FSW extract as a substrate for production of PHB at pilot scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohapatra
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology , Roorke , India
| | - B Sarkar
- b ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, IINRG Campus , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - D P Samantaray
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - A Daware
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics , Tripura University , Agartala , Tripura , India
| | - S Maity
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - S Pattnaik
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - S Bhattacharjee
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics , Tripura University , Agartala , Tripura , India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gupta P, Sarkar A, Sandhu P, Daware A, Das M, Akhter Y, Bhattacharjee S. Potentiation of antibiotic againstPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilm: a study with plumbagin and gentamicin. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:246-261. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - A. Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - P. Sandhu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Himachal Pradesh; Shahpur Himachal Pradesh India
| | - A. Daware
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - M.C. Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - Y. Akhter
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Himachal Pradesh; Shahpur Himachal Pradesh India
| | - S. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| |
Collapse
|