Thoracic empyema caused by Campylobacter rectus

Metagenomic analysis reveals distinct changes in the gut microbiome of obese Chinese children

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of obese children in China is increasing, which poses a great challenge to public health. Gut microbes play an important role in human gut health, and changes in gut status are closely related to obesity. However, how gut microbes contribute to obesity in children remains unclear. In our study, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of feces from 23 obese children, 8 overweight children and 22 control children in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

RESULTS

We observed a distinct difference in the gut microbiome of obese children and that of controls. Compared with the controls, bacterial pathogen Campylobacter rectus was significantly more abundant in obese children. In addition, functional annotation of microbial genes revealed that there might be gut inflammation in obese children. The guts of overweight children might belong to the transition state between obese and control children due to a gradient in relative abundance of differentially abundant species. Finally, we compared the gut metagenomes of obese Chinese children and obese Mexican children and found that Trichuris trichiura was significantly more abundant in the guts of obese Mexican children.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results contribute to understanding the changes in the species and function of intestinal microbes in obese Chinese children.

Case presentation of Campylobacter rectus leading to pneumonia and literature review

Pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus is very rare. Herein, we describe the treatment course and experiences of a patient with pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus. A 64-year-old woman with intermittent hemoptysis and part lung necrosis indicated by radiography was admitted to our hospital on March 15, 2021. After admission, a CT (Computer tomography)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was identified as Campylobacter rectus positive by bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing. The hemoptysis resolved, and the lesions in the right lower lung were gradually absorbed after treatment with anti-Campylobacter rectus drugs. In cases of pneumonia which unresolved by initial therapy and associated with more severe oral hygiene problems, the possibility of infection with oral pathogens (eg, Campylobacter rectus) should be considered. This case suggests that bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing of the diseased tissue, particularly anaerobic culture, helps to clarify the etiological diagnosis.

Orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis secondary to odontogenic infection with campylobacter rectus: a case report

The authors report the first case of orbital osteomyelitis due to Campylobacter in a 50-year-old male on a background of poor dental health. Campylobacter rectus is a member of the human oral flora and is usually associated with periodontal disease. There are 16 reported cases of non-oral C. rectus invasive soft-tissue infections, of which only one reports of osteolytic changes. In our patient, it is hypothesised that contiguous spread of periodontal infection with C. rectus seeded infection to the orbit. C. rectus infection is a rare but significant pathogen that should be considered as the etiologic factor in a patient presenting with an orbital lesion and bony changes, particularly on a background of poor dentition.

Thoracic Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is a campylobacterium considered to be a primary periodontal pathogen. Thus, C. rectus has rarely been isolated from extraoral specimens, especially in the thoracic region. We herein report a case of thoracic empyema in which Campylobacter infection was suspected after Gram staining of the pleural effusion, and C. rectus was isolated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fusobacterium nucleatum was also detected. Molecular identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and a sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Estimation of the causative bacteria using Gram staining led to the proper culture and identification of the causative bacteria.

A Rare Case of Pleural Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is considered to be a primary periodontal pathogen that is rarely identified in extraoral specimens. We report a case of pleural empyema caused by Campylobacter rectus: the pathogen was isolated in the drained pleural fluid sample. Since the patient had previously undergone multiple antibiotic treatments, oral cultures were highly unlikely to be positive, although poor dental hygiene appears to be the leading risk factor for C. rectus systemic infections. The present case illustrates that C. rectus can be a cause of not only periodontal disease but also pulmonary infection.

Campylob acter r ectus Infection Leads to Lung Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background

Campylobacter rectus is one of the anaerobic bacteria in the mouth.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 73-year-old man admitted for lung abscess caused by Campylobacter rectus with unique manifestations under electronic bronchoscopy, and the pathogen is first reported to be confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) through testing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Conclusion

Sometimes, Campylobacter rectus can cause infection outside the mouth such as lung abscess. Most patients have good outcomes.

Sputum microbiota as a potential diagnostic marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

The prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains makes disease control more complicated, which is the main cause of death in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early detection and timely standard treatment are the key to current prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. In recent years, despite the continuous advancement in drug-resistant TB diagnostic technology, the needs for clinical rapid and accurate diagnosis are still not fully met. With the development of sequencing technology, the research of human microecology has been intensified. This study aims to use 16 rRNA sequencing technology to detect and analyze upper respiratory flora of TB patients with anti-TB drug sensitivity (DS, n = 55), monoresistance isoniazide (MR-INH, n = 33), monoresistance rifampin (MR-RFP, n = 12), multidrug resistance (MDR, n = 26) and polyresistance (PR, n = 39) in southern China. Potential microbial diagnostic markers for different types of TB drug resistance are searched by screening differential flora, which provides certain guiding significance for drug resistance diagnosis and clinical drug use of TB. The results showed that the pulmonary microenvironment of TB patients was more susceptible to infection by external pathogens, and the infection of different drug-resistant Mtb leads to changes in different flora. Importantly, seven novel microorganisms (Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter, Delfitia, Kingella, Chlamydophila, Bordetella) were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as diagnostic markers for different drug resistance types of TB. Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter were potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with INH single-resistance. Delftia was a potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with RFP single drug-resistance. Kingella and Chlamydophila can be used as diagnostic markers for TB patients with PR. Bordetella can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for identification of TB patients with MDR.

Mixed anaerobic thoracic empyema: the first report of Filifactor alocis causing extra-oral disease

We report on a case of bilateral lung consolidation and thoracic empyema caused by the periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Campylobacter rectus in a patient with chronic dysphagia. This is the first report of Filifactor alocis causing infection at an extra-oral site.

Fatal thoracic empyema involving Campylobacter rectus: A case report

We report the case of a 69-year-old man admitted for septic shock secondary to necrotic pneumoniae complicated by thoracic empyema of fatal issue. Microbiological examination of pleural liquid revealed a mixed anaerobic flora involving Campylobacter rectus and Actinomyces meyeri. Campylobacter rectus is an infrequent anaerobic pathogen of oral origin To our knowledge, this is the first case report of fatal C. rectus - associated thoracic empyema, and only the second reported case in which identification was successfully performed by MALDI-TOF MS.

Empyema associated with Campylobacter curvus infection

We report the first case of thoracic empyema associated with Campylobacter curvus infection. A 65‐year‐old woman with a history of bronchiectasis presented with acute cough and phlegm. The patient reported dyspnoea and left chest pain accompanied by left pleural effusion, despite treatment with sitafloxacin. Curved Gram‐negative rods, eventually identified as C. curvus using 16S ribosomal RNA‐ and atpA‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, were cultured in anaerobic condition of pleural effusion together with Peptostreptococci. The patient recovered after thoracic drainage and treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam and clindamycin. C. curvus, an anaerobe present in human oral cavity, can be associated with extra‐oral infections such as empyema.