1
|
Li P, Jiang J, Li Y, Lan Y, Yang F, Wang J, Xie Y, Xiong F, Wu J, Liu H, Fan Z. Metagenomic analysis reveals distinct changes in the gut microbiome of obese Chinese children. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:721. [PMID: 38031016 PMCID: PMC10685578 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obese children in China is increasing, which poses a great challenge to public health. Gut microbes play an important role in human gut health, and changes in gut status are closely related to obesity. However, how gut microbes contribute to obesity in children remains unclear. In our study, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of feces from 23 obese children, 8 overweight children and 22 control children in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. RESULTS We observed a distinct difference in the gut microbiome of obese children and that of controls. Compared with the controls, bacterial pathogen Campylobacter rectus was significantly more abundant in obese children. In addition, functional annotation of microbial genes revealed that there might be gut inflammation in obese children. The guts of overweight children might belong to the transition state between obese and control children due to a gradient in relative abundance of differentially abundant species. Finally, we compared the gut metagenomes of obese Chinese children and obese Mexican children and found that Trichuris trichiura was significantly more abundant in the guts of obese Mexican children. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to understanding the changes in the species and function of intestinal microbes in obese Chinese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Song X, Shi M, Zhang M, Hu X. Case presentation of Campylobacter rectus leading to pneumonia and literature review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20014. [PMID: 37809773 PMCID: PMC10559745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus is very rare. Herein, we describe the treatment course and experiences of a patient with pneumonia caused by Campylobacter rectus. A 64-year-old woman with intermittent hemoptysis and part lung necrosis indicated by radiography was admitted to our hospital on March 15, 2021. After admission, a CT (Computer tomography)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was identified as Campylobacter rectus positive by bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing. The hemoptysis resolved, and the lesions in the right lower lung were gradually absorbed after treatment with anti-Campylobacter rectus drugs. In cases of pneumonia which unresolved by initial therapy and associated with more severe oral hygiene problems, the possibility of infection with oral pathogens (eg, Campylobacter rectus) should be considered. This case suggests that bacterial culture and metagenomic sequencing of the diseased tissue, particularly anaerobic culture, helps to clarify the etiological diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangquan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital in Xihu District, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Shi
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goswami P, Ie A, O'Donnell BA. Orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis secondary to odontogenic infection with campylobacter rectus: a case report. Orbit 2023; 42:221-223. [PMID: 34898350 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.1990349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the first case of orbital osteomyelitis due to Campylobacter in a 50-year-old male on a background of poor dental health. Campylobacter rectus is a member of the human oral flora and is usually associated with periodontal disease. There are 16 reported cases of non-oral C. rectus invasive soft-tissue infections, of which only one reports of osteolytic changes. In our patient, it is hypothesised that contiguous spread of periodontal infection with C. rectus seeded infection to the orbit. C. rectus infection is a rare but significant pathogen that should be considered as the etiologic factor in a patient presenting with an orbital lesion and bony changes, particularly on a background of poor dentition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Goswami
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda Ie
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett A O'Donnell
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barberis C, Florencia Veiga M, Tolosa D, Vay C, Schuarzberg P. Empiema necessitatis por Campylobacter rectus. Identificación rápida por MALDI-TOF MS. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022; 54:305-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
5
|
Matsumoto R, Himeji D, Shiiba R, Yamanaka A, Tanaka GI, Sata A, Awano S, Ogawa H, Ohkusu K. Thoracic Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus. Intern Med 2022; 61:1399-1402. [PMID: 34645758 PMCID: PMC9152863 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7704-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus is a campylobacterium considered to be a primary periodontal pathogen. Thus, C. rectus has rarely been isolated from extraoral specimens, especially in the thoracic region. We herein report a case of thoracic empyema in which Campylobacter infection was suspected after Gram staining of the pleural effusion, and C. rectus was isolated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fusobacterium nucleatum was also detected. Molecular identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and a sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Estimation of the causative bacteria using Gram staining led to the proper culture and identification of the causative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Himeji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Ritsuya Shiiba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Akira Sata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoji Awano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Figueiredo L, Ferrão J, Ferreira C, Fernandes A, Costa MJ. A Rare Case of Pleural Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus. Cureus 2022; 14:e23205. [PMID: 35449651 PMCID: PMC9012560 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus is considered to be a primary periodontal pathogen that is rarely identified in extraoral specimens. We report a case of pleural empyema caused by Campylobacter rectus: the pathogen was isolated in the drained pleural fluid sample. Since the patient had previously undergone multiple antibiotic treatments, oral cultures were highly unlikely to be positive, although poor dental hygiene appears to be the leading risk factor for C. rectus systemic infections. The present case illustrates that C. rectus can be a cause of not only periodontal disease but also pulmonary infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Yu S, Kang Q, Qiu Y, Tian M, Cao E. Campylob acter r ectus Infection Leads to Lung Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2957-2963. [PMID: 34349531 PMCID: PMC8326275 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s316818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter rectus is one of the anaerobic bacteria in the mouth. Case Presentation We report the case of a 73-year-old man admitted for lung abscess caused by Campylobacter rectus with unique manifestations under electronic bronchoscopy, and the pathogen is first reported to be confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) through testing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion Sometimes, Campylobacter rectus can cause infection outside the mouth such as lung abscess. Most patients have good outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankuan Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehong Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin D, Wang X, Li Y, Wang W, Li Y, Yu X, Lin B, Chen Y, Lei C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang J, Lin B, Yang W, Zhou J, Zeng J, Liu X. Sputum microbiota as a potential diagnostic marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1935-1945. [PMID: 33850462 PMCID: PMC8040397 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains makes disease control more complicated, which is the main cause of death in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early detection and timely standard treatment are the key to current prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. In recent years, despite the continuous advancement in drug-resistant TB diagnostic technology, the needs for clinical rapid and accurate diagnosis are still not fully met. With the development of sequencing technology, the research of human microecology has been intensified. This study aims to use 16 rRNA sequencing technology to detect and analyze upper respiratory flora of TB patients with anti-TB drug sensitivity (DS, n = 55), monoresistance isoniazide (MR-INH, n = 33), monoresistance rifampin (MR-RFP, n = 12), multidrug resistance (MDR, n = 26) and polyresistance (PR, n = 39) in southern China. Potential microbial diagnostic markers for different types of TB drug resistance are searched by screening differential flora, which provides certain guiding significance for drug resistance diagnosis and clinical drug use of TB. The results showed that the pulmonary microenvironment of TB patients was more susceptible to infection by external pathogens, and the infection of different drug-resistant Mtb leads to changes in different flora. Importantly, seven novel microorganisms (Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter, Delfitia, Kingella, Chlamydophila, Bordetella) were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as diagnostic markers for different drug resistance types of TB. Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter were potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with INH single-resistance. Delftia was a potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with RFP single drug-resistance. Kingella and Chlamydophila can be used as diagnostic markers for TB patients with PR. Bordetella can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for identification of TB patients with MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yanyun Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Bingyao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yinwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schiaffino F, Kosek MN. Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Campylobacter in the Immunocompromised Host. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Gray R, Vidwans M. Mixed anaerobic thoracic empyema: the first report of Filifactor alocis causing extra-oral disease. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100528. [PMID: 31011426 PMCID: PMC6463813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a case of bilateral lung consolidation and thoracic empyema caused by the periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Campylobacter rectus in a patient with chronic dysphagia. This is the first report of Filifactor alocis causing infection at an extra-oral site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Gray
- Corresponding author: R.M. Gray, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Department of Microbiology, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford, WD18 0HB, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Noël A, Verroken A, Belkhir L, Rodriguez-Villalobos H. Fatal thoracic empyema involving Campylobacter rectus: A case report. Anaerobe 2018; 49:95-98. [PMID: 29325875 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 69-year-old man admitted for septic shock secondary to necrotic pneumoniae complicated by thoracic empyema of fatal issue. Microbiological examination of pleural liquid revealed a mixed anaerobic flora involving Campylobacter rectus and Actinomyces meyeri. Campylobacter rectus is an infrequent anaerobic pathogen of oral origin To our knowledge, this is the first case report of fatal C. rectus - associated thoracic empyema, and only the second reported case in which identification was successfully performed by MALDI-TOF MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Noël
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - A Verroken
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - L Belkhir
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horio Y, Shiraishi Y, Watanabe N, Inoue S, Imanishi T, Asano K. Empyema associated with Campylobacter curvus infection. Respirol Case Rep 2017; 5:e00234. [PMID: 28413685 PMCID: PMC5391372 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of thoracic empyema associated with Campylobacter curvus infection. A 65‐year‐old woman with a history of bronchiectasis presented with acute cough and phlegm. The patient reported dyspnoea and left chest pain accompanied by left pleural effusion, despite treatment with sitafloxacin. Curved Gram‐negative rods, eventually identified as C. curvus using 16S ribosomal RNA‐ and atpA‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, were cultured in anaerobic condition of pleural effusion together with Peptostreptococci. The patient recovered after thoracic drainage and treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam and clindamycin. C. curvus, an anaerobe present in human oral cavity, can be associated with extra‐oral infections such as empyema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Horio
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shiraishi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nobuo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- BioMedical Informatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Science Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|