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Role of Chromosome- and/or Plasmid-Located blaNDM on the Carbapenem Resistance and the Gene Stability in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0058722. [PMID: 35916525 PMCID: PMC9430279 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00587-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales represents a public health risk. The horizontal transfer of plasmids encoding the NDM gene, blaNDM, usually mediates its spread to other bacteria within the family. In contrast, Enterobacterales with a chromosome-located blaNDM is rarely reported. The phenotypic differences between chromosome- and plasmid-located carbapenemase genes are poorly understood. To determine the significance in terms of the location of drug resistance genes, we examined carbapenemase activity and stability of chromosome- and plasmid-located blaNDM. Escherichia coli M719 possessing both chromosomes- and plasmid-located blaNDM genes was used as a wild-type strain (WT) for the construction of mutants, ΔpblaNDM and ΔcblaNDM, wherein chromosome- or plasmid-located blaNDM, was knocked out, respectively. The mutant ΔpblaNDM showed lower hydrolyzing activity against imipenem and gene expression than the WT or ΔcblaNDM mutant. The MICs of both mutant strains were still above the breakpoint of imipenem and meropenem. Moreover, the chromosome-located blaNDM gene was stable for at least 30 days in the absence of antimicrobial pressure, whereas the ΔcblaNDM mutant lost blaNDM to 87% at 30 days compared to that of the initial inoculum. Organisms harboring the plasmid-located carbapenemase genes were found to provide a higher level of carbapenem resistance than those with chromosome-located genes. However, the latter organisms with chromosomal carbapenemase genes exhibited more stable carbapenem resistance than did the former ones. In summary, chromosomally located carbapenemase genes require further monitoring and more attention should be paid to them. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carrying blaNDM have spread worldwide since they were first reported in 2009. Many studies using whole-genome sequencing have identified the genetic structures, plasmid scaffolds of blaNDM, and mechanisms of spread via horizontal transfer. Chromosome-located blaNDM and integration mechanisms from plasmids have rarely been reported, and their significance is not fully understood. Here, we showed that the chromosome-located blaNDM was associated with lower levels of carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase activity than the plasmid-located blaNDM. However, it conferred carbapenem resistance above the breakpoints and the loss of chromosome-located blaNDM was not observed in the absence of antibiotic pressure. This study suggests that CRE strains carrying chromosome-located blaNDM may persist in clinical and environmental settings for a long period even without antibiotic pressure and need to be monitored along with plasmid-located blaNDM.
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Gut microbiome in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:1-31. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Paul D, Mazumder NB, Wangkheimayum J, Bhattacharjee A. Report of a carbapenemase gene bla IMP-4 in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from sewage water: A threat on clinical-environmental interphase. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:556-557. [PMID: 33994225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acquired carbapenemases pose a significant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and in this study we have identified the occurrence of blaIMP-4 in E. coli isolate from a sewage outfall located nearby a secondary health Centre. It was found to co-existed with blaCTX-M-15 located within a self-conjugable plasmid of IncF type. The current study underscores environment as a potential reservoir of carbapenem resistance and the need of the hour is to track and check dissemination of resistance in environment, human and agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788006, India
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Ramakrishnan V, Marialouis XA, Sankarasubramanian J, Santhanam A, Balakrishnan AS. Whole Genomic analysis of a clinical isolate of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain of Sequence Type - 101 carrying the drug resistance NDM-7 in IncX3 plasmid. Bioinformation 2021; 17:126-131. [PMID: 34393427 PMCID: PMC8340689 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging NDM-producing Enterobactereciae is a major threat to public health. The association of NDM-7 with sequence type 101 E.coli is identified in very few numbers. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse the whole genome sequence of NDM-producing uropathogenic E. coli XA31 that was found to carry numerous drug resistance genes of different antibiotic classes. The isolate E. coli belongs to ST-101 carrying blaNDM-7 coexisting with several resistance genes blaOXA-1, blaTEM1-A, blaCTX-M15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, catB3, tetB. Resfinder predicts this and four other plasmid replicons were identified using the Plasfinder in the CGE platform. The high transferable IncX3 plasmid was found to carry the NDM-7 gene. Thus, we the report the combination of NDM-7-ST101-IncX3 in India. The combination of this epidemic clone with NDM-7 is highly required to develop an effective infection control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xavier Alexander Marialouis
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Manicktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amutha Santhanam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Paul D, Dhar D, Chakravarty A, Bhattacharjee A. Transcriptional Analysis of IncF repB-Mediated blaOXA-48-Positive Plasmid Characterized from Escherichia coli ST448. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:596-601. [PMID: 33026961 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the transcriptional response of blaOXA-48 and the copy number alteration of IncFrepB plasmid carrying blaOXA-48 under an antibiotic concentration gradient. Methods: Escherichia coli strains harboring blaOXA-48 on an IncFrepB plasmid were isolated from Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India. Sequence type and common resistance determinants were determined by PCR assay. Plasmid copy number alteration and the transcriptional expression of blaOXA-48 under different antibiotic pressures were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and the relative fold change was measured by the ΔΔCT method. Results and Conclusion: The plasmid that carried blaOXA-48 in E. coli ST448 was characterized as IncFrepB and found to be conjugatively transferable. The isolates were found to coexist with blaNDM-1 within the IncX3-type plasmid. It was observed that the copy number and transcriptional response of blaOXA-48 were directly proportional to the increasing concentration of meropenem and ertapenem, whereas in the case of imipenem, it was reversed. The identification of blaOXA-48 through IncFrepB-type plasmid in this study indicates the potential route of spread of this resistance determinant in this area and also the insights we gained from the transcriptional changes of blaOXA-48 in response to different antibiotic pressures could also facilitate the development of novel or alternative therapeutic options needed for multidrug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Debadatta Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
| | - Atanu Chakravarty
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
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Shao C, Hao Y, Wang Y, Jiang M, Jin Y. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of bla NDM-7-Harboring IncX3 Plasmid in a ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From a Pediatric Patient in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:576823. [PMID: 33123108 PMCID: PMC7566911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.576823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NDM-7, a variant of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM), has the highest carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity. NDM-7-producing enterobacteria have been reported in many countries. In this study, we reported NDM-7 production in ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a boy hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in China. The isolate exhibited resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and it harbored bla NDM- 7, bla CTX-M- 15, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS. The serotype of the isolated K. pneumoniae was assigned as K1, and it contained three virulence genes, including kfuBC, uge, and fim. The bla NDM- 7 gene was located on a conjugative IncX3 plasmid designated as pB14NDM-7. This plasmid was fully sequenced and compared with the available bla NDM- 7-harboring IncX3 plasmids. pB14NDM-7 contained a conserved genetic context of ISkox3-umuD-IS26-ΔTn125-IS5-ΔTn125-IS3000-ΔTn2. pB14NDM-7 showed 99% nucleotide identity and the same genetic context with three bla NDM- 7-harboring IncX3 plasmids obtained from Escherichia coli in China. Our results indicate that IncX3 plasmid may contribute to the prevalence of bla NDM- 7 in China. The high prevalence of NDM variants worldwide highlights the critical need for careful monitoring and control of the rapid dissemination of bla NDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Shao
- Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijie Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Clinical Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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de Carvalho MPN, Fernandes MR, Sellera FP, Lopes R, Monte DF, Hippólito AG, Milanelo L, Raso TF, Lincopan N. International clones of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M)-producing Escherichia coli in peri-urban wild animals, Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1804-1815. [PMID: 32239649 PMCID: PMC7540485 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli clones have been increasingly reported worldwide. In this regard, although discussions of transmission routes of these bacteria are in evidence, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the epidemiological impacts of ESBL producers in wild animals. In this study, we have screened 90 wild animals living in a surrounding area of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan city in South America, to monitor the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Using a genomic approach, we have analysed eight ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli. Resistome analyses revealed that all E. coli strains carried blaCTX-M -type genes, prevalent in human infections, besides other clinically relevant resistance genes to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicols, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin and quinolones. Additionally, E. coli strains belonged to international sequence types (STs) ST38, ST58, ST212, ST744, ST1158 and ST1251, and carried several virulence-associated genes. Our findings suggest spread and adaptation of international clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli beyond urban settings, including wildlife from shared environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam R. Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Fábio P. Sellera
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ralf Lopes
- Department of MicrobiologyInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel F. Monte
- Department of Food and Experimental NutritionFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesFood Research CenterUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alícia G. Hippólito
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and AnesthesiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)BotucatuBrazil
| | - Liliane Milanelo
- Reception Center for WildlifeEcological Park TietêSão PauloBrazil
| | - Tânia F. Raso
- Department of PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Department of MicrobiologyInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Chen Q, Zhou J, Wu S, Yang Y, Yu D, Wang X, Wu M. Characterization of the IncX3 Plasmid Producing bla NDM-7 From Klebsiella pneumoniae ST34. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1885. [PMID: 32849464 PMCID: PMC7419432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has been a major clinical threat worldwide because therapeutic options are limited. Although New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is an important carbapenemase responsible for carbapenem resistance, it is uncommon in carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae in China. In this study, we described strain HZW25, an NDM-7-producing K. pneumoniae strain belonging to sequence type 34 (ST34). HZW25 exhibited resistance to all β-lactams tested but was susceptible to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The whole genome of HZW25 was sequenced with Pacific Biosciences RSII SMRT technology. HZW25 was composed of one chromosomal DNA and four plasmids, and the resistance genes of HZW25 were all located on the chromosome, except blaNDM–7 was located on a conjugative plasmid belonging to type IncX3 designated P4. The results of conjugation and transformation experiments showed that blaNDM–7 could be horizontally transferred successfully from the donor strain, HZW25, to the recipient strains, E. coli J53 and E. coli DH5α. The NDM variant transposable elements of the blaNDM–7-harboring plasmid P4 were the ISL3 and IS3000 families. The upstream region of blaNDM–7 contained ΔISAba125, which was inserted near the IS5 or ΔIS5 sequence. Our study is the first report of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-7 in a carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strain with ST34 in China. The emergence of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae would be troublesome during treatment using ceftazidime-avibactam. Therefore, the rapid and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghai Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daojun Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Flerlage T, Brazelton de Cardenas JN, Garner CD, Hasan NA, Karathia H, Qudeimat A, Maron G, Hayden R. Multiple NDM-5-Expressing Escherichia Coli Isolates From an Immunocompromised Pediatric Host. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa018. [PMID: 32047833 PMCID: PMC7003983 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genes conferring carbapenem resistance have disseminated worldwide among Gram-negative bacteria. Here we present longitudinal changes in clinically obtained Escherichia coli isolates from 1 immunocompromised pediatric patient. This report demonstrates potential for antibiotic resistance genes and plasmids to emerge over time in clinical isolates from patients receiving intensive anticancer chemotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Methods Thirty-three isolates obtained over 7 months from 1 patient were included. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record. For each isolate, studies included phenotypic antibacterial resistance patterns, sequence typing, bacterial isolate sequencing, plasmid identification, and antibiotic resistance gene identification. Results Sites of isolation included blood, wound culture, and culture for surveillance purposes from the perianal area. Isolates were of 5 sequence types (STs). All were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics; 23 (69.6%) were phenotypically resistant to all carbapenems. The blaNDM-5 gene was identified in 22 (67%) isolates, all of ST-167 and ST-940, and appeared to coincide with the presence of the IncFII and IncX3 plasmid. Conclusions We present unique microbiologic data from 33 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates obtained over the course of 7 months from an individual patient in the United States. Two E. coli sequence types causing invasive infection in the same patient and harboring the blaNDM-5 gene, encoded on the IncX3 plasmid and the IncFII plasmid, were identified. This study highlights the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria on antibiotic therapy and the necessity of adequate neutrophil number and function in the clearance of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Cherilyn D Garner
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nur A Hasan
- CosmosID Incorporated, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amr Qudeimat
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabriela Maron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Randall Hayden
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Wangkheimayum J, Majumder TD, Tapadar YB, Das BJ, Paul D, Dhar D, Chakravarty A, Bhattacharjee A. Occurrence of diverse aminoglycoside modifying enzymes with co-existing extended-spectrum-β-lactamases within Enterobacteriaceae isolated in India. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:369-374. [PMID: 31726238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study describes aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) among clinical isolates with coexisting extended spectrum beta-lactamases. METHODOLOGY A total of 227 non duplicate enterobacterial isolates were collected and identified from patients who were admitted to different wards or attended OPD of a tertiary referral hospital of North-East India. Isolates were initially screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed by PCR based screening of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes and co-existing ESBLs and carbapenemases. Horizontal transferability, incompatibility typing and stability of plasmids were also analyzed. RESULTS Diverse types of AMEs were observed namely; ant(3″)-I, ant(4')-Ia, aac(3)-IIc, ant(3')-I, aac(6')-Ib, ant(2″)-Ia and aac(6'). Majority of the AME positive isolates harboured blaTEM followed by blaCTX-M-15 and a combination of blaTEM and blaCTX-M-15 were also observed. Nine isolates were found to harbour carbapenemases genes. AME genes were found to be located within a self conjugative plasmid of Inc FIA, IncY, IncN, IncFIB and IncA/C incompatibility types. It was observed that most AME genes were stable over 50 days of serial passages whereas aph(3')-Via and aph(3')-IIb were completely lost within 50 days. CONCLUSION This study underscores the co-existence of AMEs and ESBLs within enterobacteriaceae which emphasize a reassessment of combination therapy in the health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Debadatta Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
| | - Atanu Chakravarty
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
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Choudhury NA, Paul D, Das BJ, Dhar Chanda D, Bhattacharjee A. Adaptation of blaNDMthrough IncP plasmid within broad host range. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:527-530. [PMID: 32436875 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It was also known that the IncP-1 plasmids are ubiquitous in environmental bacteria and those reside in soil, sewage, marine sediments and in manure. The blaNDMis associated with resistance determinants along with various mobile elements such as plasmid, insertion sequences and transposons, which facilitates its horizontal dissemination. These plasmids, if tracked, can be a starting point for the control of infection due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. The aim of the study was to investigate that IncP-type plasmids carrying blaNDMis adapted in different hosts. Materials and Methods Thirteen of the isolates were harbouring IncP-type plasmid and they all were Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalised patients of Silchar Medical College and Hospital, India. The isolates were checked for susceptibility test, and the stability was assessed by a serial passage. These isolates were further subjected to transcriptional analysis of NDM gene as well as plasmid copy number alteration. Results The study isolates were highly stable, and the resistance gene (blaNDM) was retained within isolates till 55th subsequent serial passages. Plasmid copy number alteration was random in isolates when exposed to carbapenem antibiotics, whereas increasing trend in transcriptional expression was observed with the increase in imipenem concentration. Conclusion This study was able to underscore the presence of IncP plasmid that was harbouring blaNDMand was maintained within diverse host. The finding also highlights the adaptation of the broad-host-range plasmid that responds in terms of transcriptional expression under antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Debadatta Dhar Chanda
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
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Paul D, Chanda DD, Chakravarty A, Bhattacharjee A. An insight into analysis and elimination of plasmids encoding metallo-β-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:3-7. [PMID: 31518725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-harbouring plasmids, their change in copy number in respect to different antibiotic pressure, and the efficiency of different curing agents in eliminating these resistance plasmids from nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. METHODS Plasmids were extracted from four isolates harbouring blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2 under four different concentrations of imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, aztreonam and cefotaxime. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyse the change in plasmid copy number under these different conditions. The effect of different physical and chemical curing agents in elimination of plasmids carrying blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-2 was examined, with meropenem resistance used as a selectable marker. RESULTS Conjugatively transferable MBL genes (blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-2) carried on plasmids were found to be highly stable. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the most effective agent in eliminating these resistance plasmids. The change in copy number of the blaNDM-1-encoding plasmid was found to be similar to the blaVIM-2-encoding plasmid, with a single exception under cefotaxime pressure. CONCLUSION The spread of multidrug resistance plasmids has been noted as a key factor associated with increasing carbapenem resistance. Successful curing of resistance plasmids can reverse the bacterial phenotype back to susceptible. This study revealed that different antibiotic pressure induces a change in copy number of MBL-encoding plasmids. SDS can be successfully used as an eliminating agent for these resistance determinants, although therapeutic application of this agent is not possible due to its high toxicity and mutagenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Atanu Chakravarty
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
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Shankar C, Kumar S, Venkatesan M, Veeraraghavan B. Emergence of ST147 Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla NDM-7 on IncA/C2 with ompK35 and ompK36 mutations in India. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:741-743. [PMID: 31003835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
India is known to be endemic to NDM carbapenemases. However, NDM-7 among Klebsiella pneumoniae has not been described from India. Apart from carbapenemases, ompK35 and ompK36 also contribute to carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae. This study describes molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in an isolate from bacteraemia investigated through whole genome sequencing. blaNDM-7 was found on IncA/C2 plasmid which also carried sul-1, aadA2, rmtC, blaCMY-6 and ARR-2. ompK35 had mutations and changes from 39th amino acid. ompK36 was truncated to 248 amino acids. The isolate belonged to ST147. The patient was a known case systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and blood culture grew carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. Meropenem, colistin and tiecoplanin were administered and the patient was discharged on improvement. Emergence of new resistance variants and porin mutations among clones such as ST147 which has been prevalent has potential for rapid spread and thus challenges infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Shankar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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14
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Early emergence of OXA-181-producing Escherichia coli ST410 in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:215-218. [PMID: 30393155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characterisation of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Henan Province, China. METHODS A total of 339 carbapenem-non-susceptible clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates [imipenem or meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >1μg/mL] obtained between January 2013 and December 2016 were screened for the presence of the blaOXA-48-like gene by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility to various antimicrobials agents was examined by MIC testing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for bacterial genotyping. The plasmid pEC21-OXA-181 was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α by electroporation and was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by subsequent annotation and genetic analysis. RESULTS Among the 339 carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates, only one (0.3%) E. coli strain EC21, belonging to ST410, was positive for blaOXA-181, a variant of blaOXA-48. This OXA-181-producing E. coli, recovered from a patient without a history of foreign travel, was obtained earlier than the first reported blaOXA-181-positive E. coli (WCHEC14828) in Sichuan Province, China. Plasmid analysis revealed that blaOXA-181 together with the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 was carried by an IS26-flanked composite transposon on a 51-kb IncX3-type plasmid. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the emergence of OXA-181-producing E. coli in China earlier than previously thought. The blaOXA-181 gene is associated with the widely disseminated potentially endemic E. coli ST410 clone and is carried by an IncX3 plasmid, a common vehicle for spreading NDM-type carbapenemases, which might promote the further dissemination of blaOXA-181 among the Enterobacteriaceae in China.
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15
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Liakopoulos A, van der Goot J, Bossers A, Betts J, Brouwer MSM, Kant A, Smith H, Ceccarelli D, Mevius D. Genomic and functional characterisation of IncX3 plasmids encoding bla SHV-12 in Escherichia coli from human and animal origin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7674. [PMID: 29769695 PMCID: PMC5955891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blaSHV-12 β-lactamase gene is one of the most prevalent genes conferring resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae disseminating within and between reservoirs, mostly via plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. Yet, studies regarding the biology of plasmids encoding blaSHV-12 are very limited. In this study, we revealed the emergence of IncX3 plasmids alongside IncI1α/γ in blaSHV-12 in animal-related Escherichia coli isolates. Four representative blaSHV-12-encoding IncX3 plasmids were selected for genome sequencing and further genetic and functional characterization. We report here the first complete sequences of IncX3 plasmids of animal origin and show that IncX3 plasmids exhibit remarkable synteny in their backbone, while the major differences lie in their blaSHV-12-flanking region. Our findings indicate that plasmids of this subgroup are conjugative and highly stable, while they exert no fitness cost on their bacterial host. These favourable features might have contributed to the emergence of IncX3 amongst SHV-12-producing E. coli in the Netherlands, highlighting the epidemic potential of these plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Liakopoulos
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeanet van der Goot
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Betts
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S M Brouwer
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Kant
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Paul D, Bhattacharjee A, Bhattacharjee D, Dhar D, Maurya AP, Chakravarty A. Transcriptional analysis of blaNDM-1 and copy number alteration under carbapenem stress. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:26. [PMID: 28239454 PMCID: PMC5319162 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase is known to compromise carbapenem therapy and leading to treatment failure. However, their response to carbapenem stress is not clearly known. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional response of blaNDM-1 and plasmid copy number alteration under carbapenem exposure. METHODS Three blaNDM-1 harboring plasmids representing three incompatibility types (IncFIC, IncA/C and IncK) were inoculated in LB broth with and without imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem. After each 1 h total RNA was isolated, immediately reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantitative real time PCR was used for transcriptional expression of blaNDM-1. Horizontal transferability and stability of the plasmids encoding blaNDM-1 were also determined. Changes in copy number of blaNDM-1 harboring plasmids under the exposure of different carbapenems were determined by real time PCR. Clonal relatedness among the isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Under carbapenem stress over an interval of time there was a sharp variation in the transcriptional expression of blaNDM-1 although it did not follow a specific pattern. All blaNDM-1 carrying plasmids were transferable by conjugation. These plasmids were highly stable and complete loss was observed between 92nd to 96th serial passages when antibiotic pressure was withdrawn. High copy number of blaNDM-1 was found for IncF type plasmids compared to the other replicon types. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the single dose of carbapenem pressure does not significantly influence the expression of blaNDM-1 and also focus on the stability of this gene as well as the change in copy number with respect to the incompatible type of plasmid harboring resistance determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepjyoti Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | | | - Debadatta Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
| | | | - Atanu Chakravarty
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
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