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Notarbartolo V, Badiane BA, Insinga V, Giuffrè M. Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Correct Management to Reduce Sepsis in NICU Settings. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 38927186 PMCID: PMC11200753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antimicrobial drugs has led to a significant increase in survival from infections; however, they are very often prescribed and administered, even when their use is not necessary and appropriate. Newborns are particularly exposed to infections due to the poor effectiveness and the immaturity of their immune systems. For this reason, in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), the use of antimicrobial drugs is often decisive and life-saving, and it must be started promptly to ensure its effectiveness in consideration of the possible rapid evolution of the infection towards sepsis. Nevertheless, the misuse of antibiotics in the neonatal period leads not only to an increase in the development and wide spreading of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) but it is also associated with various short-term (e.g., alterations of the microbiota) and long-term (e.g., increased risk of allergic disease and obesity) effects. It appears fundamental to use antibiotics only when strictly necessary; specific decision-making algorithms and electronic calculators can help limit the use of unnecessary antibiotic drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the right balance between the risks and benefits of antimicrobial therapy in NICUs; for this purpose, specific Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in neonatal care and the creation of a specific antimicrobial stewardship team are requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Notarbartolo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bintu Ayla Badiane
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Insinga
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.A.B.); (M.G.)
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Mascarenhas D, Ho MSP, Ting J, Shah PS. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Neonates: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065091. [PMID: 38766702 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neonatal sepsis is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity; however, the uncontrolled use of antimicrobials is associated with significant adverse effects. Our objective with this article is to review the components of neonatal antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) and their effects on clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and antimicrobial resistance. METHODS We selected randomized and nonrandomized trials and observational and quality improvement studies evaluating the impact of ASP with a cutoff date of May 22, 2023. The data sources for these studies included PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Details of the ASP components and clinical outcomes were extracted into a predefined form. RESULTS Of the 4048 studies retrieved, 70 studies (44 cohort and 26 observational studies) of >350 000 neonates met the inclusion criteria. Moderate-certainty evidence reveals a significant reduction in antimicrobial initiation in NICU (pooled risk difference [RD] 19%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14% to 24%; 21 studies, 27 075 infants) and combined NICU and postnatal ward settings (pooled RD 8%; 95% CI 6% to 10%; 12 studies, 358 317 infants), duration of antimicrobial agents therapy (pooled RD 20%; 95% CI 10% to 30%; 9 studies, 303 604 infants), length of therapy (pooled RD 1.82 days; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.56 days; 10 studies, 157 553 infants), and use of antimicrobial agents >5 days (pooled RD 9%; 95% CI 3% to 15%; 5 studies, 9412 infants). Low-certainty evidence reveals a reduction in economic burden and drug resistance, favorable sustainability metrices, without an increase in sepsis-related mortality or the reinitiation of antimicrobial agents. Studies had heterogeneity with significant variations in ASP interventions, population settings, and outcome definitions. CONCLUSIONS Moderate- to low-certainty evidence reveals that neonatal ASP interventions are associated with reduction in the initiation and duration of antimicrobial use, without an increase in adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne Mascarenhas
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Joseph Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario
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Malviya MN, Murthi S, Selim AA, Malik F, Jayraj D, Mendoza J, Ramdas V, Rasheed S, Jabri AA, Sabri RA, Asiry SA, Yahmadi MA, Shah PS. A Neonatologist-Driven Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Neonatal Tertiary Care Center in Oman. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e747-e754. [PMID: 36037856 DOI: 10.1055/a-1933-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overuse of antimicrobials in neonates is not uncommon and has resulted in a global health crisis of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate changes associated with a neonatologist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in antibiotic usage. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a pre-post retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital in Oman. Neonates admitted in 2014 to 2015 were considered as the pre-ASP cohort. In 2016, a neonatologist-driven ASP was launched in the unit. The program included the optimization and standardization of antibiotic use for early- and late-onset sepsis using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "broad principles," an advanced antimicrobial decision-support system to resolve contentious issues, and placed greater emphasis on education and behavior modification. Data from the years 2016 to 2019 were compared with previous data. The outcome of interest included days of therapy (DOT) for antimicrobials. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared using standard statistical measures. RESULTS The study included 2,098 neonates in the pre-ASP period and 5,464 neonates in the post-ASP period. There was no difference in baseline characteristics. The antibiotic use decreased from 752 DOT per 1,000 patient-days (PD) in the pre-ASP period to 264 DOT in the post-ASP period (64.8% reduction, p < 0.001). The proportion of neonates who received any antibiotics declined by 46% (pre-ASP = 1,161/2,098, post-ASP = 1,676/5,464). The most statistically significant reduction in DOT per 1,000 PD was observed in the use of cefotaxime (82%), meropenem (74%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (74%). There was no change in mortality, culture-positive microbial profile, or multidrug-resistant organism incidence in the post-ASP period. CONCLUSION Empowering frontline neonatologists to drive ASPs was associated with a sustained reduction in antibiotic utilization. KEY POINTS · Overuse of antimicrobials is not uncommon in neonatal intensive care units.. · ASPs and infection control and prevention measures may help in decreasing antibiotic consumption and culture-positive sepsis.. · Empowering frontline neonatologists resulted in a sustained decrease in antimicrobial use without extra resources or financial burden..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed A Selim
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fadia Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Dhanya Jayraj
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Julet Mendoza
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Vidhya Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sohail Rasheed
- Department of Information and Technology, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amal Al Jabri
- Department of Microbiology, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Raid Al Sabri
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Go H, Nagano N, Sato Y, Katayama D, Hara K, Akimoto T, Imaizumi T, Aoki R, Hijikata M, Seimiya A, Okahashi A, Morioka I. Procalcitonin-Based Antibiotic Use for Neonatal Early-Onset Bacterial Infections: Pre- and Post-Intervention Clinical Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37760722 PMCID: PMC10525994 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the 95th percentile cutoff value of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) reference curve for diagnosing early-onset bacterial infection. We aimed to verify the effectivity of these novel diagnostic criteria by comparing antibiotic use and incidence of early-onset bacterial infection between pre- and post-introduction periods. We included newborns admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit who underwent blood tests within 72 h after birth between 2018 and 2022. The neonates were divided into the pre-intervention (admitted before the introduction, n = 737) or post-intervention (admitted after the introduction, n = 686) group. The days of antibiotics therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days up to 6 days after birth, percentage of antibiotic use, and incidence of early-onset bacterial infection were compared between the groups. The post-intervention group had significantly lower DOT per 1000 patient days (82.0 days vs. 211.3 days, p < 0.01) and percentage of newborns receiving antibiotics compared with the pre-intervention group (79 (12%) vs. 280 (38%), respectively, p < 0.01). The incidence of early-onset bacterial infections did not differ between the groups (2% each, p = 0.99). In conclusion, our diagnostic criteria using the 95th percentile cutoff value of the serum PCT reference curve for early-onset bacterial infection were proven safe and effective, promoting appropriate use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Go
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Daichi Katayama
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Koichiro Hara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Takuya Akimoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Takayuki Imaizumi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ryoji Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan
| | - Midori Hijikata
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayako Seimiya
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Aya Okahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1738610, Japan; (H.G.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.H.); (T.A.); (T.I.); (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
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Ture Z, Güner R, Alp E. Antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:244-253. [PMID: 37533805 PMCID: PMC10391567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
High resistance rates to antimicrobials continue to be a global health threat. The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in intensive care units (ICUs) is quite high compared to in the community and other units in the hospital because ICU patients are generally older, have higher numbers of co-morbidities and immune-suppressed; moreover, the typically high rates of invasive procedures performed in the ICU increase the risk of infection by MDR microorganisms. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to the implementation of coordinated interventions to improve and track the appropriate use of antibiotics while offering the best possible antibiotic prescription (according to dose, duration, and route of administration). Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently preferred in ICUs because of greater infection severity and colonization and infection by MDR microorganisms. For this reason, a number of studies on AMS in ICUs have increased in recent years. Reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics forms the basis of AMS. For this purpose, parameters such as establishing an AMS team, limiting the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, terminating treatments early, using early warning systems, pursuing infection control, and providing education and feedback are used. In this review, current AMS practices in ICUs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ture
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039,Turkey
| | - Rahmet Güner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emine Alp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Pantoja A, Sveum S, Frost S, Duran A, Burks J, Schernecke C, Feinberg M. New strategies to Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Use in the NICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Pediatr Qual Saf 2023; 8:e659. [PMID: 38571732 PMCID: PMC10990351 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset Sepsis (LOS) are common diagnoses entertained in sick newborns treated in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and antibiotics are the medications most prescribed in NICUs. Antibiotic stewardship programs have an important impact on limiting unnecessary antibiotic use. Methods Following the Model for Improvement, between 2/1/16 and 1/31/17, at a level 3 NICU, a multidisciplinary team implemented PDSA cycles to promote antibiotic stewardship practices for newborns at risk of EOS and LOS. The main goal was to decrease the antibiotic usage rate (AUR) safely. Primary strategies included discontinuing antibiotics within 24 hours of life if the newborn was stable, and the blood culture was negative for EOS and implementing an "antibiotic time-out" during rounds. Results For all newborns admitted to our NICU, the AUR decreased, for EOS from 137 to 32 days per 1000 patient days (77% reduction) and for LOS from 277 to 121 days per 1000 patient days (56% reduction). We demonstrated the sustainability of both EOS-AUR and LOS-AUR during the 2 years postcompletion of the intervention period. There were no adverse effects of reducing the AUR. Conclusion Interventions that reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the NICU are safe and prevent excessive antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Pantoja
- From the Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo
- Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO
| | - Scott Sveum
- From the Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo
- Vail Health, Frisco, CO
| | | | | | - Jeanne Burks
- From the Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo
- Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Christi Schernecke
- From the Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo
- Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Michelle Feinberg
- From the Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colo
- Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO
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7
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Vyas DP, Quinones-Cardona V, Gilfillan MA, Young ME, Pough KA, Carey AJ. Reduction of unnecessary antibiotic days in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2022; 2:e50. [PMID: 36483355 PMCID: PMC9726496 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotics are widely prescribed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and duration of prescription is varied. We sought to decrease unnecessary antibiotic days for the most common indications in our outborn level IV NICU by 20% within 1 year. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS A retrospective chart review was completed to determine the most common indications and treatment duration for antibiotic therapy in our 39-bed level IV NICU. A multidisciplinary team was convened to develop an antibiotic stewardship quality improvement initiative with new consensus guidelines for antibiotic duration for these common indications. To optimize compliance, prospective audit was completed to ensure antibiotic stop dates were utilized and provider justification for treatment duration was documented. Multiple rounds of educational sessions were conducted with neonatology providers. RESULTS In total, 262 patients were prescribed antibiotics (139 in baseline period and 123 after the intervention). The percentage of unnecessary antibiotic days (UAD) was defined as days beyond the consensus guidelines. As a balancing measure, reinitiation of antibiotics within 2 weeks was tracked. After sequential interventions, the percentage of UAD decreased from 42% to 12%, which exceeded our goal of a 20% decrease. Compliance with antibiotic stop dates increased from 32% to 76%, and no antibiotics were reinitiated within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary antibiotic stewardship team coupled with a consensus for antibiotic therapy duration, prescriber justification of antibiotic necessity and use of antibiotic stop dates can effectively reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen P. Vyas
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret A. Gilfillan
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan E. Young
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly A. Pough
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Gu Y, Fujitomo Y, Ohmagari N. Outcomes and Future Prospect of Japan's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (2016-2020). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111293. [PMID: 34827231 PMCID: PMC8614776 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to grow. Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which was formulated in 2016 and targets six areas, has already had a major impact on the countermeasures implemented against AMR. Particular advances have been made in AMR-related surveillance, and we now know the situation regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the country. Educational and awareness-raising activities for medical professionals and the general public have been actively implemented and seem to have contributed to a gradual move toward an appropriate use of antimicrobials. However, there is still insufficient understanding of the issue among the general public. Determining how to use surveillance results and implementing further awareness-raising activities are crucial to address this. Tasks for the future include both raising awareness and the promotion of AMR research and development and international cooperation. The government’s next Action Plan, which will detail future countermeasures against AMR based on the outcomes of and tasks identified in the current Action Plan, has been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and is urgently awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-4138
| | - Yumiko Fujitomo
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (Y.F.); (N.O.)
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (Y.F.); (N.O.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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Apisarnthanarak A, Kim HB, Moore LSP, Xiao Y, Singh S, Doi Y, Kwa ALH, Ponnampalavanar SSLS, Cao Q, Kim SW, Lee H, Santanirand P. Utility and applicability of rapid diagnostic testing in antimicrobial stewardship in Asia Pacific: A Delphi consensus. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:2067-2076. [PMID: 34665855 PMCID: PMC9187322 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) facilitate fast and accurate identification of infectious disease microorganisms and are a valuable component of multimodal antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs but are currently underutilized in the Asia-Pacific region. An experienced group of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists, and a clinical pharmacist used a modified Delphi consensus approach to construct 10 statements, aiming to optimize the utility and applicability of infection-related RDTs for AMS in the Asia-Pacific region. They provide guidance on definition, types, optimal deployment, measuring effectiveness, and overcoming key challenges. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was applied to indicate the strength of the recommendation and the quality of the underlying evidence. Given the diversity of the Asia-Pacific region, the trajectory of RDT development will vary widely; the collection of local data should be prioritized to allow realization and optimization of the full benefits of RDTs in AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Infectious Diseases Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke S P Moore
- Clinical Infection Department, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Infection & Immunity, North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa
- Pharmacy Department, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pitak Santanirand
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Berardi A, Zinani I, Rossi C, Spaggiari E, D’Amico V, Toni G, Bedetti L, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L, Lugli L. Antibiotic Use in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates After an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040411. [PMID: 33918796 PMCID: PMC8070476 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is insufficient data regarding antimicrobial stewardship (AS) and outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates after AS programs. This observational, retrospective study addressed AS and outcomes of VLBW neonates admitted to an Italian level-three center. Two periods were compared: (i) baseline, before AS (January 2011-December 2012) and (ii) intervention, after AS (January 2016-December 2017). Between these two periods, procedures were put in place to inform medical and nursing staff regarding AS. There were 111 and 119 VLBW neonates in the baseline (6744 live births) and in the intervention period (5902 live births), respectively. The number of infants exposed to antibiotics (70%) during the hospital stay did not change, but the total days of therapy (DOT, median 12 vs. 5) and DOT/1000 patient days (302 vs. 215) decreased in the intervention period (p < 0.01), as well as the median duration of first antibiotic treatment (144 vs. 48 h, p < 0.01). A re-analysis of single cases of culture-proven or culture-negative sepsis failed to demonstrate any association between deaths and a delay or insufficient antibiotic use in the intervention period. In conclusion, AS is feasible in preterm VLBW neonates and antibiotic use can be safely reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.R.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.L.)
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (I.Z.); (V.D.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-4222787
| | - Isotta Zinani
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (I.Z.); (V.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Cecilia Rossi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.R.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Eugenio Spaggiari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.R.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Virginia D’Amico
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (I.Z.); (V.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Greta Toni
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (I.Z.); (V.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Luca Bedetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.R.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.L.)
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Pediatric Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Licia Lugli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.R.); (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.L.)
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11
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Rajar P, Saugstad OD, Berild D, Dutta A, Greisen G, Lausten-Thomsen U, Mande SS, Nangia S, Petersen FC, Dahle UR, Haaland K. Antibiotic Stewardship in Premature Infants: A Systematic Review. Neonatology 2020; 117:673-686. [PMID: 33271554 DOI: 10.1159/000511710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic treatment in premature infants is often empirically prescribed, and practice varies widely among otherwise comparable neonatal intensive care units. Unnecessary and prolonged antibiotic treatment is documented in numerous studies. Recent research shows serious side effects and suggests long-term adverse health effects in prematurely born infants exposed to antibiotics in early life. One preventive measure to reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure is implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs. Our objective was to review the literature on implemented antibiotic stewardship programs including premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks. METHODS Six academic databases (PubMed [Medline], McMaster PLUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, UpToDate, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) were systematically searched. PRISMA guidelines were applied. RESULTS The search retrieved 1,212 titles of which 12 fitted inclusion criteria (11 observational studies and 1 randomized clinical trial). Included articles were critically appraised. We grouped the articles according to common area of implemented stewardship actions: (1) focus on reducing initiation of antibiotic therapy, (2) focus on shortening duration of antibiotic therapy, (3) various organizational stewardship implementations. The heterogeneity of cohort composition, of implemented actions and of outcome measures made meta-analysis inappropriate. We provide an overview of the reduction in antibiotic use achieved. CONCLUSION Antibiotic stewardship programs can be effective for premature newborns especially when multifactorial and tailored to this population, focusing on reducing initiation or on shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy. Programs without specific measures were less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Rajar
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola D Saugstad
- Department of Paediatric Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Berild
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anirban Dutta
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sushma Nangia
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ulf R Dahle
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Haaland
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway,
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