1
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Goldstein NB, Berk ZBK, Tomb LC, Hu J, Hoaglin LG, Roop DR, Adiri R, Zhuang Y, Canosa JM, Sanders P, Norris DA, Nocka K, Cha A, Birlea SA. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors Increase Pigment Cell Proliferation and Melanization in Cultured Melanocytes and within a 3-Dimensional Skin Equivalent Model. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02055-4. [PMID: 39182565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by white macules and patches of the skin, having a negative impact on patients' life and without any definitive cure at present. Identification of new compounds to reverse depigmentation is therefore a pressing need for this disease. The pharmacologic compounds phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4is) are small molecules with immunomodulatory properties used for treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. PDE4is have shown repigmentation effects in patients with vitiligo, in some case reports. We characterized the proliferative and melanogenic potential of 2 known PDE4is-crisaborole and roflumilast-and of a more recently designed compound, PF-07038124. We used 2 in vitro model systems-the primary human melanocyte culture and a 3-dimensional cocultured skin model (MelanoDerm)-with an exploratory testing platform composed of complementary assays (spectrophotometry, melanin and proliferation assays, immunostaining, Fontana-Masson staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing). We identified that treatment with PDE4is was associated with increased melanocyte proliferation and melanization in both in vitro models and with increase in the melanogenic genes and proteins expression in cultured melanocytes. These effects were found to be enhanced by addition of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Our findings support the further evaluation of PDE4is with or without α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone agonists in vitiligo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary B K Berk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Landon C Tomb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roni Adiri
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Herzlyia Pituach, Israel
| | - Yonghua Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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2
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Peeva E, Yamaguchi Y, Ye Z, King B, Picardo M, Sloan A, Ezzedine K, Del Duca E, Estrada Y, Hassan-Zahraee M, He W, Hyde C, Bar J, Facheris P, Guttman-Yassky E. Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in vitiligo patients across Fitzpatrick skin types with biomarker analyses. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15177. [PMID: 39304339 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib (an oral JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor) were evaluated in patients with nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) across Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs). Patients with FST I-III ('light skin'; n = 247) and FST IV-VI ('dark skin'; n = 117) received once-daily ritlecitinib 50 mg (with/without 4-week loading dose), low-dose ritlecitinib or placebo for 24 weeks. At baseline, patients with light skin displayed higher CLM-1 and NCR1 serum levels than patients with dark skin (p < 0.05). At 24 weeks, ritlecitinib 50 mg improved the extent of depigmentation measured by percent change from baseline in facial-vitiligo area scoring index (placebo-adjusted mean difference [90% CI]) in patients with light (-15.2 [-24.7, -5.8]; p = 0.004) and dark (-37.4 [-50.3, -24.4]; p < 0.0001) skin, with continuous re-pigmentation through week 48. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar across FSTs. At weeks 4 and 24, ritlecitinib 50 mg reduced CXCL11 serum levels (p < 0.001) in patients with light skin, whereas patients with dark skin had increased levels at week 4 (p = 0.05) and no significant change at week 24. Ritlecitinib 50 mg decreased IL-9 and IL-22 expression levels in dark skin compared with light skin (qPCR; p < 0.05). These differences in immune dysregulations may explain why NSV patients with dark skin respond to therapy earlier than patients with light skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Peeva
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell Immacolata, IDI, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Cutaneous Physiopathology Laboratory, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Abigail Sloan
- Clinical Statistics, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mina Hassan-Zahraee
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen He
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig Hyde
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johnathan Bar
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paola Facheris
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Lueangarun S, Cho BS, Tempark T. Hair repigmentation of poliosis circumscripta in androgenetic alopecia patient treated with exosomes and fractional picosecond laser. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2307-2311. [PMID: 38419400 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparuj Lueangarun
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Dermatology, DeMed Clinic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Therdpong Tempark
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Bishnoi A, Parsad D. Phototherapy for vitiligo: A narrative review on the clinical and molecular aspects, and recent literature. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12968. [PMID: 38632705 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing various light modalities to induce disease stability and repigmentation. AIMS AND METHODS This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in vitiligo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The review evaluates existing literature on phototherapy for vitiligo, analyzing studies on hospital-based and home-based phototherapy, as well as outcomes related to stabilization and repigmentation. Narrowband ultra-violet B, that is, NBUVB remains the most commonly employed, studied and effective phototherapy modality for vitiligo. Special attention is given to assessing different types of lamps, dosimetry, published guidelines, and the utilization of targeted phototherapy modalities. Additionally, the integration of phototherapy with other treatment modalities, including its use as a depigmenting therapy in generalized/universal vitiligo, is discussed. Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies and tailoring approaches for non-photo-adapters are also examined. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of phototherapy for vitiligo treatment. It underscores the evolving landscape of phototherapy and offers insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges ahead. By integrating clinical evidence with molecular understanding, phototherapy emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for managing vitiligo, with potential for further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Goldstein NB, Steel A, Tomb L, Berk Z, Hu J, Balaya V, Hoaglin L, Ganuthula K, Patel M, Mbika E, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Vitiligo non-responding lesions to narrow band UVB have intriguing cellular and molecular abnormalities that may prevent epidermal repigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:378-390. [PMID: 38343115 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We have discovered that human vitiligo patients treated with narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) demonstrated localized resistance to repigmentation in skin sites characterized by distinct cellular and molecular pathways. Using immunostaining studies, discovery-stage RNA-Seq analysis, and confirmatory in situ hybridization, we analyzed paired biopsies collected from vitiligo lesions that did not repigment after 6 months of NBUVB treatment (non-responding) and compared them with repigmented (responding) lesions from the same patient. Non-responding lesions exhibited acanthotic epidermis, had low number of total, proliferative, and differentiated melanocyte (MC) populations, and increased number of senescent keratinocytes (KCs) and of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells as compared with responding lesions. The abnormal response in the non-responding lesions was driven by a dysregulated cAMP pathway and of upstream activator PDE4B, and of WNT/β-catenin repigmentation pathway. Vitiligo-responding lesions expressed high levels of WNT10B ligand, a molecule that may prevent epidermal senescence induced by NBUVB, and that in cultured melanoblasts prevented the pro-melanogenic effect of α-MSH. Understanding the pathways that govern lack of NBUVB-induced vitiligo repigmentation has a great promise in guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Steel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Landon Tomb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Berk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaya
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Hoaglin
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kavya Ganuthula
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erica Mbika
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, Denver, Colorado, USA
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6
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Ju HJ, Bae JM. Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Practice in Vitiligo Treatment: An Updated Review. Dermatology 2024; 240:474-486. [PMID: 38417409 DOI: 10.1159/000537810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of vitiligo seeks to achieve three goals: cessation of disease progression, regeneration of pigmentation, and prevention of recurrence. SUMMARY Number of nonsurgical interventions are available that suppress the autoimmune response and regenerate the melanocytes from the reservoir: phototherapy including psoralen and ultraviolet A, narrowband ultraviolet B, and 308-nm excimer and 311-nm Titanium:Sapphire lasers; topical agents including topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and topical 5-fluorouracil; and systemic agents including corticosteorids, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, methotrexate, minocycline, afamelanotide, and antioxidants. In recent years, a great advance has been made in the understanding of pathogenesis of vitiligo, and JAK inhibitors are being investigated as a new treatment. Minimally invasive procedures such as fractional lasers or microneedling can help achieve the optimal treatment outcome when used properly. KEY MESSAGES Our review describes various treatment modalities for vitiligo based on their molecular mechanism of action. Bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options would be a valuable reference for physicians in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lee S, Kim N, Kim SH, Um SJ, Park JY. Biological and mechanical influence of three-dimensional microenvironment formed in microwell on multicellular spheroids composed of heterogeneous hair follicle stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22742. [PMID: 38123607 PMCID: PMC10733424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair loss caused by malfunction of the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and physical damage to the skin is difficult to recover from naturally. To overcome these obstacles to hair follicle (HF) regeneration, it is essential to understand the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment and interactions of various cells within the HFs. Therefore, 3D cell culture technology has been used in HF regeneration research; specifically, multicellular spheroids have been generally adapted to mimic the 3D volumetric structure of the HF. In this study, we culture HF-derived cells, which are mainly composed of HFSCs, in the form of 3D spheroids using a microwell array and discuss the effects of the 3D cellular environment on HF morphogenesis by expression measurements of Sonic hedgehog signaling and stem cell markers in the HF spheroids. Additionally, the influences of microwell depth on HF spheroid formation and biological conditions were investigated. The biomolecular diffusion and convective flow in the microwell were predicted using computational fluid dynamics, which allows analysis of the physical stimulations occurring on the spheroid at the micro-scale. Although a simple experimental method using the microwell array was adopted in this study, the results provide fundamental insights into the physiological phenomena of HFs in the 3D microenvironment, and the numerical analysis is expected to shed light on the investigation of the geometric parameters of the microwell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Nackhyoung Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Cellsmith Inc., 38 Pungseong-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05393, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong Yull Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lin X, Meng X, Lin J. The possible role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in vitiligo treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2208-2221. [PMID: 36912722 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic skin disease which has an adverse impact on patients' life. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving autoimmunity and oxidative stress (OS). Autoimmunity leads to the loss of epidermal melanocytes and the formation of the depigmented patches of the disease. Treatment of vitiligo should control the exaggerated immune response to arrest the progress of active disease, and then promote melanocytes to repigmentation. Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway has been of recent interest in vitiligo. Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is downregulated in vitiligo. Upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling possibly control vitiligo autoimmune response by protecting melanocyte from OS damage, inhibiting CD8+ T cell effector cell differentiation and enhancing Treg. Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays a critical role in the melanocyte regeneration by driving the differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) into melanocytes. Promoting Wnt/β-catenin signalling can not only arrest the progress of active disease of vitiligo but also promote repigmentation. Some of the main effective therapies for vitiligo are likely to work by activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Agents that can enhance the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signalling may become potential candidates for the development of new drugs for vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, Oaks, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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Feng Z, Qin Y, Jiang G. Reversing Gray Hair: Inspiring the Development of New Therapies Through Research on Hair Pigmentation and Repigmentation Progress. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4588-4607. [PMID: 37781032 PMCID: PMC10535703 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair graying is a common and visible sign of aging resulting from decreased or absence of melanogenesis. Although it has been established that gray hair greatly impacts people's mental health and social life, there is no effective countermeasure other than hair dyes. It has long been thought that reversal of gray hair on a large scale is rare. However, a recent study reported that individual gray hair darkening is a common phenomenon, suggesting the possibility of large-scale reversal of gray hair. In this article, we summarize the regulation mechanism of melanogenesis and review existing cases of hair repigmentation caused by several factors, including monoclonal antibodies drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), immunomodulators, other drugs, micro-injury, and tumors, and speculate on the mechanisms behind them. This review offers some insights for further research into the modulation of melanogenesis and presents a novel perspective on the development of clinical therapies, with emphasis on topical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Shiu J, Lentsch G, Polleys CM, Mobasher P, Ericson M, Georgakoudi I, Ganesan AK, Balu M. Non-invasive Imaging Techniques for Monitoring Cellular Response to Treatment in Stable Vitiligo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553419. [PMID: 37645823 PMCID: PMC10462045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Punch grafting procedures, where small pieces of normal skin are transplanted into stable vitiligo patches, results in repigmentation in only half of patients treated, yet the factors that determine whether a patient responds to treatment or not are still unknown. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is adept at visualizing melanocyte migration and epidermal changes over large areas while multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can capture metabolic changes in keratinocytes. With the overall goal of identifying optical biomarkers for early treatment response, we followed 12 vitiligo lesions undergoing punch grafting. Dendritic melanocytes adjacent to the graft site were observed before clinical evidence of repigmentation in treatment responsive patients but not in treatment non-responsive patients, suggesting that the early visualization of melanocytes is indicative of a therapeutic response. Keratinocyte metabolic changes in vitiligo skin adjacent to the graft site also correlated with treatment response, indicating that a keratinocyte microenvironment that more closely resembles normal skin is more hospitable for migrating melanocytes. Taken together, these studies suggest that successful melanocyte transplantation requires both the introduction of new melanocytes and modulation of the local tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Griffin Lentsch
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Pezhman Mobasher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marissa Ericson
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Skin Biology Resource Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mihaela Balu
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Skin Biology Resource Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Ding P, Lin Z, Sun Z, Jin M, Li C, Zhao Z, Bi H. The SHH-GLI1 pathway is required in skin expansion and angiogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37190906 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of GLI1 on skin proliferation and neovascularization during skin expansion in mice. We constructed GLI1-cre/R26-Tdtomato and GLI1-cre/R26-mtmg gene-tagged skin expansion mouse models. Using a two-photon in vivo imaging instrument to observe the changes in the number and distribution of GLI1(+) cells during the expansion process and to clarify the spatial relationship between GLI1(+) cells and blood vessels during the expansion process. In vitro proliferation assays were performed to further validate the effects of SHH (sonic hedgehog) and its downstream component GLI1 on cell proliferation viability. Finally, qRT-PCR was used to verify the changes in proliferation, angiogenesis-related factors, SHH signalling pathway-related factors, and the role of GLI1 cells in the process of skin expansion in mice. The number of GLI1(+) cells increased during dilation and were attached to the outer membrane of the vessel. The epidermis was thickened and the dermis thinned after the dilated skin was taken, while the epidermal thickening was suppressed and the dermis became thinner after the GLI1 cells were inhibited. The non-inhibited group showed a significant increase in PCNA positivity with prolonged dilation compared to the GANT61(GLI specificity inhibitor) inhibited group; CD31 immunofluorescence showed a significant increase in the number of dilated skin vessels and a significant decrease in the number of vessels after treatment with GANT61 inhibitor. In vitro proliferation results showed that SHH signalling activator significantly increased the proliferation viability of GLI1(+) hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells, while GNAT61 significantly inhibited the proliferation viability of GLI1(+) hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. GLI1 is necessary for proliferation and neovascularization in expansion skin of mice through activation of the SHH signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbing Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixuan Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsen Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Xie B, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu W, Song X. Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:189-206. [PMID: 36947026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8+ T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions. EXPERT OPINION Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Regenerative Medicine-Based Treatment for Vitiligo: An Overview. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112744. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disorder with an important effect on the self-esteem and social life of patients. It is the commonest acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by the development of white macules resulting from the selective loss of epidermal melanocytes. The pathophysiology is complex and involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, oxidative stress, intrinsic metabolic dysfunctions, and abnormal inflammatory/immune responses. Although several therapeutic options have been proposed to stabilize the disease by stopping the depigmentation process and inducing durable repigmentation, no specific cure has yet been defined, and the long-term persistence of repigmentation is unpredictable. Recently, due to the progressive loss of functional melanocytes associated with failure to spontaneously recover pigmentation, several different cell-based and cell-free regenerative approaches have been suggested to treat vitiligo. This review gives an overview of clinical and preclinical evidence for innovative regenerative approaches for vitiligo patients.
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Song H, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang L, Liu Y, Wang T. Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib combined with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for patients with refractory vitiligo in real‐world clinical practice. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15821. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Song
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
| | - Zhonghui Hu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China
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Luan C, Hu Y, Ju M, Huang D, Zhang RL, Zhang XH, Tian PP, Zhu Y, Zhuang C, Zhang JA, Chen K. Treatment of vitiligo with 308-nm light emitting diode: Our experience from a two-year follow-up of Chinese patients. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:489-494. [PMID: 35075714 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A light emitting diode (LED), with a wavelength of 308 nm, has been utilized in the dermatologic treatment of vitiligo. OBJECTIVES We investigated the efficacy and safety of 308-nm LED for use in the treatment of vitiligo. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 70 stable-stage vitiligo patients (with a total of 99 lesions) who received 308-nm LED treatment at the Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from June 2018 to June 2020. Treatment efficacy was evaluated after 8 treatment sessions, 16 treatment sessions, and the final treatment session, to estimate the percentage of re-pigmentation in the treated area. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data analysis. RESULTS Based on the final treatment session analysis of all 99 lesions, 0 lesions showed no response, 21 lesions showed poor response, 29 lesions showed moderate response, 23 lesions showed good response, and 26 lesions showed excellent response. The efficacy rate was 49.49%, and there was a significant correlation between the six distinct anatomical regions treated and re-pigmentation grade (χ2 = 13.419, p = .009). Among these regions, facial lesions showed the best response to treatment, while the hands and feet lesions showed the poorest response. CONCLUSIONS The clinical efficacy of 308-nm LED treatment is limited based on the treatment area. It demonstrated significant practical application in the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Ju
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan-Pan Tian
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhuang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-An Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Marchioro HZ, Castro CCSD, Fava VM, Sakiyama PH, Dellatorre G, Miot HA. Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:478-490. [PMID: 35643735 PMCID: PMC9263675 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disease whose pathogenesis results from the interaction of genetic components, metabolic factors linked to cellular oxidative stress, melanocyte adhesion to the epithelium, and immunity (innate and adaptive), which culminate in aggression against melanocytes. In vitiligo, melanocytes are more sensitive to oxidative damage, leading to the increased expression of proinflammatory proteins such as HSP70. The lower expression of epithelial adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, facilitates damage to melanocytes and exposure of antigens that favor autoimmunity. Activation of the type 1-IFN pathway perpetuates the direct action of CD8+ cells against melanocytes, facilitated by regulatory T-cell dysfunction. The identification of several genes involved in these processes sets the stage for disease development and maintenance. However, the relationship of vitiligo with environmental factors, psychological stress, comorbidities, and the elements that define individual susceptibility to the disease are a challenge to the integration of theories related to its pathogenesis.
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Dong J, Huang X, Ma LP, Qi F, Wang SN, Zhang ZQ, Wei SN, Gao L, Liu F. Baricitinib is Effective in Treating Progressing Vitiligo in vivo and in vitro. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221105370. [PMID: 35663493 PMCID: PMC9160904 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, in treating patient with progressing vitiligo, and to further explore the regulation of baricitinib on melanocytes (MCs) in vitro. Methods Four patients with progressing vitiligo were treated with oral baricitinib for a total of 12 weeks. MCs were cultured in vitro and irradiated by high-dose ultraviolet B (UVB, 150mJ/cm2) to make an MC damaged model (MC-Ds). Baricitinib was added at a final concentration of 25 μM. Dopamine staining and NaOH method were used to measure the tyrosinase activity and melanin level, respectively, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA levels of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Results Significant re-pigmentation was observed in the week 12 without obvious side effects. Depigmentation occurred in 2 patients at the 3-month follow-up. Laboratory research found that higher doses of UVB irradiation (150mJ/cm2) could decrease melanin content of MCs, baricitinib (25 μM) could significantly promote tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and TYR, TRP-1 gene expression of MC-Ds. Conclusion Our preliminary study showed that baricitinib was effective and safe in treating progressing vitiligo. Baricitinib could promote tyrosinase activity, melanin content and TYR, TRP1 gene expression of MC-Ds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Ma
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Qin Zhang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Nan Wei
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Wu X, Lu X, Wang C, Xiang L, Zhang C. Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes in Vitiligo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071116. [PMID: 35406685 PMCID: PMC8997611 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmented disease with unclear pathogenesis. Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been linked to a variety of autoimmune disorders; however, there have been no reports exploring the involvement of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in vitiligo using bioinformatics methodologies. In this study, RNA-sequencing technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the Human Autophagy Database (HADb) was overlapped to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in stable non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). Bioinformatics analyses were conducted with R packages and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). DEARGs were further confirmed with qRT-PCR. Critical autophagy markers were detected with Western blotting analysis. We identified a total of 39 DEARGs in vitiligo lesions. DEARGs-enriched canonical pathways, diseases and bio functions, upstream regulators, and networks were discovered. qRT-PCR confirmed the significant increases in FOS and RGS19 in vitiligo lesions. Lower microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) II/LC3I ratio and higher sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) expression were found in vitiligo lesions. In conclusion, this study provided a new insight that autophagy dysregulation appeared in stable vitiligo lesions and might be involved in the etiology of vitiligo by taking part in multiple pathways and bio functions.
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Cios A, Ciepielak M, Szymański Ł, Lewicka A, Cierniak S, Stankiewicz W, Mendrycka M, Lewicki S. Effect of Different Wavelengths of Laser Irradiation on the Skin Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052437. [PMID: 33670977 PMCID: PMC7957604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of systems enabling the emission of waves of a certain length and intensity has revolutionized many areas of life, including medicine. Currently, the use of devices emitting laser light is not only an indispensable but also a necessary element of many diagnostic procedures. It also contributed to the development of new techniques for the treatment of diseases that are difficult to heal. The use of lasers in industry and medicine may be associated with a higher incidence of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to injury to the body. The most exposed to laser irradiation is the skin tissue. The low dose laser irradiation is currently used for the treatment of various skin diseases. Therefore appropriate knowledge of the effects of lasers irradiation on the dermal cells’ metabolism is necessary. Here we present current knowledge on the clinical and molecular effects of irradiation of different wavelengths of light (ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, red, and infrared (IR) on the dermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cios
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Martyna Ciepielak
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Szczepan Cierniak
- Department of Patomorphology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wanda Stankiewicz
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (M.C.); (W.S.)
| | - Mariola Mendrycka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: Mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107784. [PMID: 33316286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long, successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive diseases are etiologically diverse, but most involve disturbances in local (and occasionally systemic) inflammatory cells and/or abnormalities in keratinocytes that trigger inflammation. UV-based phototherapy works by regulating the inflammatory component and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic cells. This results in a fascinating and complex network of simultaneous events-immediate transcriptional changes in keratinocytes, immune cells, and pigment cells; the emergence of apoptotic bodies; and the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells in skin-that quickly transform the microenvironment of UV-exposed skin. Molecular elements in this system of UV recognition and response include chromophores, metabolic byproducts, innate immune receptors, neurotransmitters and mediators such as chemokines and cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like molecules that simultaneously shape the immunomodulatory effects of UV and their interplay with the microbiota of the skin and beyond. Phototherapy's key effects-proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antipruritic, antifibrotic, propigmentary, and pro-prebiotic-promote clinical improvement in various skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), vitiligo, scleroderma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as prevention of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). As understanding of phototherapy improves, new therapies (UV- and non-UV-based) are being developed that will modify regulatory T-cells (Treg), interact with (resident) memory T-cells and /or utilize agonists and antagonists as well as antibodies targeting soluble molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, and a variety of membrane-associated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. A Framework of Major Tumor-Promoting Signal Transduction Pathways Implicated in Melanoma-Fibroblast Dialogue. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113400. [PMID: 33212834 PMCID: PMC7697272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma cells reside in a complex stromal microenvironment, which is a critical component of disease onset and progression. Mesenchymal or fibroblastic cell type are the most abundant cellular element of tumor stroma. Factors secreted by melanoma cells can activate non-malignant associated fibroblasts to become melanoma associate fibroblasts (MAFs). MAFs promote tumorigenic features by remodeling the extracellular matrix, supporting tumor cells proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and drug resistance. Additionally, environmental factors may contribute to the acquisition of pro-tumorigenic phenotype of fibroblasts. Overall, in melanoma, perturbed tissue homeostasis contributes to modulation of major oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways not only in tumor cells but also in neighboring cells. Thus, targeted molecular therapies need to be considered from the reciprocal point of view of melanoma and stromal cells. Abstract The development of a modified stromal microenvironment in response to neoplastic onset is a common feature of many tumors including cutaneous melanoma. At all stages, melanoma cells are embedded in a complex tissue composed by extracellular matrix components and several different cell populations. Thus, melanomagenesis is not only driven by malignant melanocytes, but also by the altered communication between melanocytes and non-malignant cell populations, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), also referred as melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) in the case of melanoma, are the most abundant stromal cells and play a significant contextual role in melanoma initiation, progression and metastasis. As a result of dynamic intercellular molecular dialogue between tumor and the stroma, non-neoplastic cells gain specific phenotypes and functions that are pro-tumorigenic. Targeting MAFs is thus considered a promising avenue to improve melanoma therapy. Growing evidence demonstrates that aberrant regulation of oncogenic signaling is not restricted to transformed cells but also occurs in MAFs. However, in some cases, signaling pathways present opposite regulation in melanoma and surrounding area, suggesting that therapeutic strategies need to carefully consider the tumor–stroma equilibrium. In this novel review, we analyze four major signaling pathways implicated in melanomagenesis, TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and Hyppo signaling, from the complementary point of view of tumor cells and the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652666246
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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Yoon JH, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Kim TH, Seo CH, Sung YK, Kim KH. BMP4-Induced Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Neural Crest Stem Cells into Precursor Melanocytes from Hair Follicle Bulge. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:409-416. [PMID: 33911776 PMCID: PMC7992575 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder, for which, repigmentation treatment with combined follicular unit extraction (FUE) graft and narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) is considered superior to micro-punch graft therapy. BMP4 can induce MITF expression in Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), and α-MSH subsequently promotes the differentiation of MITF-expressing cells along the melanocyte lineage. Objective To investigate why FUE grafting is superior to epidermal mini grafting in promoting hair follicles (HF) melanocyte cell survival and longevity, we planned the in vitro experiments HF bulge NCSCs differentiate into melanocyte precursors under the co-treatment of BMP4 and α-MSH. Methods Cells that migrated from the HF bulge of scalp were cultured and assessed using immunofluorescence. Transcriptome analysis was performed on RNA sequencing results. Results Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes the proliferation and survival of NCSCs, with spontaneous differentiation into SOX10+/SOX2+ glial progenitors, but not into SOX10+/MITF+ precursor melanocytes. Both BMP4 and α-MSH promoted the differentiation into MITF-expressing cells. RNA sequencing revealed a downregulation in neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and sermaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), and upregulation in WNT10A. Furthermore, FUE grafting had a source of reservoir melanocytes superior to mini- grafting in treatment for vitiligo. Conclusion We obtained SOX10+/MITF+ precursor melanocytes through an induction of differentiation along the melanocyte lineage by BMP4 and α-MSH. According to the RNA sequencing results that NRG1 and SEMA3C were downregulated and WNT10A was upregulated, we postulated that HF NCSCs differentiated into melanocyte by co-treatment of BMP4 and α-MSH. Overall, FUE grafting is a more robust and substitutive treatment option for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeong-Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Bellei B, Papaccio F, Filoni A, Caputo S, Lopez G, Migliano E, Picardo M. Extracellular fraction of adipose tissue as an innovative regenerative approach for vitiligo treatment. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:695-703. [PMID: 31066942 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common, disfiguring autoimmune disease that negatively affects patients' self-esteem and quality of life. Current treatments are moderately effective in reversing disease and promoting melanocyte regeneration. Thus, therapeutic advanced strategies are emerging from regenerative medicine. It has recently emerged that adipose tissue secretome may be used as a cell-free therapy in skin regeneration since paracrine functions of adipose-derived stem cells alone are responsible for most of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in several animal disease models. In this study, we tested the effect of adipose tissue extracellular fraction (AT-Ex) isolated from lipoaspirates on dermal and epidermal vitiligo cells in vitro. Using this experimental model, we demonstrated that molecules secreted by adipose tissue ameliorate the capability to counteract oxidative stress by a physiological stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and positively impact on cell proliferation. Due to the presence of Wnt-secreted factors, AT-Ex treatment promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3β inactivation and consequently Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Collectively, our findings show that AT-Ex could be useful as a natural approach to improve treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caputo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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24
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Goldstein NB, Steel A, Barbulescu CC, Koster MI, Wright MJ, Jones KL, Gao B, Ward B, Woessner B, Trottier Z, Pakieser J, Hu J, Lambert KA, Shellman YG, Fujita M, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Melanocyte Precursors in the Hair Follicle Bulge of Repigmented Vitiligo Skin Are Controlled by RHO-GTPase, KCTD10, and CTNNB1 Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:638-647.e13. [PMID: 32800877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In repigmentation of human vitiligo, the melanocyte (MC) precursors in the hair follicle bulge proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to repopulate the depigmented epidermis. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of pathways and signals in the bulge that control the repigmentation process. Using biopsies from patients with vitiligo, we have selectively harvested, by laser capture microdissection, MC and keratinocyte precursors from the hair follicle bulge of untreated vitiligo skin and vitiligo skin treated with narrow-band UVB. The captured material was subjected to whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing. With this strategy, we found that repigmentation in the bulge MC precursors is driven by KCTD10, a signal with unknown roles in the skin, and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) and RHO guanosine triphosphatase [RHO GTPase, RHO], two signaling pathways previously shown to be involved in pigmentation biology. Knockdown studies in cultured human MCs of RHOJ, the upmost differentially expressed RHO family component, corroborated with our findings in patients with vitiligo, identified RHOJ involvement in UV response and melanization, and confirmed previously identified roles in melanocytic cell migration and apoptosis. A better understanding of mechanisms that govern repigmentation in MC precursors will enable the discovery of molecules that induce robust repigmentation phenotypes in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Steel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael J Wright
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Sequencing and Microarray Core, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian Ward
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian Woessner
- Sequencing and Microarray Core, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Trottier
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jen Pakieser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karoline A Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Denver Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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25
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Lee JH, Eun SH, Kim SH, Ju HJ, Kim GM, Bae JM. Excimer laser/light treatment of alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analyses. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:460-469. [PMID: 32745343 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excimer laser/light (EL) has been reported to be effective for alopecia areata (AA), but its treatment response has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE To determine the treatment response and safety of EL treatment of AA. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science (from inception to December 31, 2018) was conducted to identify prospective clinical studies assessing the treatment response of EL for AA. The primary outcome was cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth (hair regrowth ≥75%); random-effects meta-analyses using generic inverse variance weighting were performed to estimate treatment responses. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019121092). RESULTS Of 52 records initially identified, 13 full-text articles were finally assessed in terms of eligibility. A total of 9 prospective clinical studies (129 AA patients) including 5 controlled clinical trials were identified. Cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth was achieved in 50.2% (95% confidence interval 31.5%-68.9%; 8 studies). EL treatment significantly improved hair regrowth compared with untreated controls (relative risk 7.83; 95% confidence interval 2.11-29.11; 5 controlled clinical trials). No serious adverse effect was noted. CONCLUSIONS EL treatment appeared to produce a favorable therapeutic response in AA patients. The use of EL should be encouraged for AA patients with the advantages of the non-invasiveness and no systemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hye Eun
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyong Moon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Bellei B, Picardo M. Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100981. [PMID: 31733332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although senescence was originally described as an in vitro acquired cellular characteristic, it was recently recognized that senescence is physiologically and pathologically involved in aging and age-related diseases in vivo. The definition of cellular senescence has expanded to include the growth arrest caused by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage, inadequate mitochondria function, activated oncogene or tumor suppressor genes and oxidative stress. While senescence in normal aging involves various tissues over time and contributes to a decline in tissue function even with healthy aging, disease-induced premature senescence may be restricted to one or a few organs triggering a prolonged and more intense rate of accumulation of senescent cells than in normal aging. Organ-specific high senescence rate could lead to chronic diseases, especially in post-mitotic rich tissue. Recently, two opposite acquired pathological conditions related to skin pigmentation were described to be associated with premature senescence: vitiligo and melasma. In both cases, it was demonstrated that pathological dysfunctions are not restricted to melanocytes, the cell type responsible for melanin production and transport to surrounding keratinocytes. Similar to physiological melanogenesis, dermal and epidermal cells contribute directly and indirectly to deregulate skin pigmentation as a result of complex intercellular communication. Thus, despite senescence usually being reported as a uniform phenotype sharing the expression of characteristic markers, skin senescence involving mainly the dermal compartment and its paracrine function could be associated with the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions and with the exacerbated activity of melanocytes in the hyperpigmentation spots of melasma. This suggests that the difference may arise in melanocyte intrinsic differences and/or in highly defined microenvironment peculiarities poorly explored at the current state of the art. A similar dualistic phenotype has been attributed to intratumoral stromal cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts presenting a senescent-like phenotype which influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. Here, we present a framework dissecting senescent-related molecular alterations shared by vitiligo and melasma patients and we also discuss disease-specific differences representing new challenges for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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27
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Huang C, Li P, Wang B, Deng Y, Li J, Mao M, Jian D. Multi‐Factors Associated With Efficacy and Adverse Events of Fractional Erbium:YAG Laser‐Assisted Delivery of Topical Betamethasone for Stable Vitiligo: A Retrospective Analysis. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:590-596. [PMID: 31820470 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Yuxuan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Mengping Mao
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
| | - Dan Jian
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road Changsha Hunan 410008 China
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28
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Harnessing the Power of Regenerative Therapy for Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:29-37. [PMID: 31196751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) are common autoimmune conditions characterized by white spots on the skin (vitiligo) and bald spots on the scalp (AA), which significantly impact patients' lives by damaging their appearance and function. Melanocytes are the target of immune destruction in vitiligo and are hypothesized to be the site of immune attack in AA. This inflammatory process can be partially reversed by immunosuppressive drugs. Both conditions demonstrate regenerative components that are just now being identified. In this review, we focus on the regenerative medicine aspects of vitiligo and AA, using experimental data from human, mouse, and in vitro models, summarizing the key pathways involved in repopulation of the epidermis with melanocytes in vitiligo and in regrowth of hair follicles in AA. We also discuss treatments that may activate these pathways. Of the regenerative treatments, JAK inhibitors and bimatoprost stimulate repopulation of depleted cells in both diseases, intralesional injections of autologous concentrated platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil showed some benefit in AA, and phototherapy with narrowband UVB was shown to be effective especially in vitiligo. Finally, we discuss future treatments based on the mobilization of stem cells to regenerate anagen hair follicles in AA and intraepidermal melanocytes in vitiligo.
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29
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Larribère L, Utikal J. Stem Cell-Derived Models of Neural Crest Are Essential to Understand Melanoma Progression and Therapy Resistance. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:111. [PMID: 31118886 PMCID: PMC6506783 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neural crest (NC) cells are early precursors of several lineages including melanocytes. Along their differentiation from multipotent cells to mature melanocytes, NC cells will go through successive steps which require either proliferative or motile capacities. For example, they will undergo Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in order the separate from the neural tube and migrate to their final location in the epidermis (Larribere and Utikal, 2013; Skrypek et al., 2017). The differentiated melanocytes are the cells of origin of melanoma tumors which progress through several stages such as radial growth phase, vertical growth phase, metastasis formation, and often resistance to current therapies. Interestingly, depending on the stage of the disease, melanoma tumor cells share phenotypes with NC cells (proliferative, motile, EMT). These phenotypes are tightly controlled by specific signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs) which tend to be reactivated during the onset of melanoma. In this review, we summarize first the main TFs which control these common phenotypes. Then, we focus on the existing strategies used to generate human NCs. Finally we discuss how identification and regulation of NC-associated genes provide an additional approach to improving current melanoma targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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30
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Cui T, Zhang W, Li S, Chen X, Chang Y, Yi X, Kang P, Yang Y, Chen J, Liu L, Jian Z, Li K, Wang G, Gao T, Song P, Li C. Oxidative Stress-Induced HMGB1 Release from Melanocytes: A Paracrine Mechanism Underlying the Cutaneous Inflammation in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2174-2184.e4. [PMID: 30998983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disorder caused by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. The generation and the skin infiltration of autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells triggered by oxidative stress play a critical role in vitiligo. High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a classic damage-associated molecular pattern molecule with strong proinflammatory effects in inflammatory reactions. A previous study reported an enhanced expression of HMGB1 in vitiligo lesions, but the role of HMGB1 in cutaneous inflammation of vitiligo is still unknown. In the present study, we initially found that HMGB1 was released from the nucleus of melanocytes in vitiligo perilesional skin. Furthermore, cultured normal human melanocytes could release HMGB1 under treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, HMGB1 facilitated the secretion of CXCL16 and IL-8 from keratinocytes by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products and activating NF-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Subsequently, HMGB1 led to the formation of chemotaxis for the migration of CD8+ T cells from patients with vitiligo by increasing the release of CXCL16 from keratinocytes. Additionally, HMGB1 promoted the maturation of dendritic cells from patients with vitiligo. Altogether, our study demonstrates that HMGB1 released from melanocytes contributes to the formation of oxidative stress-induced autoimmunity in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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31
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Li L, Liang Y, Zhang D, Wang C, Pan N, Hong J, Xiao H, Xie Z. The 308-nm excimer laser stimulates melanogenesis via the wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in B16 cells. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 30:826-830. [PMID: 30661431 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1572861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The mechanism of the 308-nm excimer laser in vitiligo treatment has not yet been adequately studied. In this study, we explored the role of the 308-nm excimer laser in treatment of vitiligo and the molecular mechanisms underlying melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes after 308-nm excimer laser radiation. Materials and methods: The B16 cells were irradiated at doses of 0 mJ/cm2, 100 mJ/cm2, 300 mJ/cm2 and 600 mJ/cm2 using a 308-nm excimer laser and then cultured for an additional 24, 48 or 72 hours. Melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in cells were measured by biochemical methods. The expression of tyrosinase, MITF, Wnt3α and β-catenin was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Cell irradiation with the 308-nm excimer laser not only significantly elevated the melanin content (p < .01) but also stimulated the activity of tyrosinase (p < .01). The expressions of tyrosinase and MITF were also significantly increased in cells after 308-nm excimer laser irradiation. We also defined the signaling pathway by which the 308-nm excimer laser stimulates melanin biosynthesis. Increased Wnt3α and β-catenin expression was observed by Western blot analysis. Conclusion: Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway likely led to the activation of MITF and tyrosinase transcription, as well as, the subsequent induction of melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Yanping Liang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Nannan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Jiqiong Hong
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Hewei Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
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32
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of skin pigmentation that produces significant psychological impact especially in those with skin of color. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy, which was first used in vitiligo in 1997 by Westerhof and Nieuweboer-Krobotova, has emerged as one of the safest and most effective therapy for this dermatosis. The light source used for NB-UVB phototherapy is the TL-01 lamp, and the most common model of the NB-UVB phototherapy device is the upright in-office booth or chamber which has 24-48 such lamps. In recent years, there have been several advances in the understanding of the mechanism of action of NB-UVB and the use of combination treatments, many of which increase the efficacy of NB-UVB. In 2017, the Vitiligo Working Group made vital recommendations on the dosage, frequency, and safety of NB-UVB in vitiligo. Furthermore, home phototherapy devices are gaining popularity as they lead to an improved patient compliance. There is still need for large multicenter randomized controlled trials to assess benefits of home phototherapy in vitiligo and studies investigating additional benefits of phototherapy following surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sujay Khandpur
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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33
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Filipp FV, Birlea S, Bosenberg MW, Brash D, Cassidy PB, Chen S, D'Orazio JA, Fujita M, Goh BK, Herlyn M, Indra AK, Larue L, Leachman SA, Le Poole C, Liu-Smith F, Manga P, Montoliu L, Norris DA, Shellman Y, Smalley KSM, Spritz RA, Sturm RA, Swetter SM, Terzian T, Wakamatsu K, Weber JS, Box NF. Frontiers in pigment cell and melanoma research. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:728-735. [PMID: 30281213 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we identify emerging frontiers in clinical and basic research of melanocyte biology and its associated biomedical disciplines. We describe challenges and opportunities in clinical and basic research of normal and diseased melanocytes that impact current approaches to research in melanoma and the dermatological sciences. We focus on four themes: (1) clinical melanoma research, (2) basic melanoma research, (3) clinical dermatology, and (4) basic pigment cell research, with the goal of outlining current highlights, challenges, and frontiers associated with pigmentation and melanocyte biology. Significantly, this document encapsulates important advances in melanocyte and melanoma research including emerging frontiers in melanoma immunotherapy, medical and surgical oncology, dermatology, vitiligo, albinism, genomics and systems biology, epidemiology, pigment biophysics and chemistry, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian V Filipp
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California
| | - Stanca Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Douglas Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Boon-Kee Goh
- Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Skin Physicians Private Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Lionel Larue
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, UMR 3347, CNRS, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Caroline Le Poole
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- CNB-CSIC, CIBERER-ISCIII, Campus de Cantoblanco, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yiqun Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tamara Terzian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Neil F Box
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Low-dose UVB therapy is comparable with conventional UVB phototherapy for treatment of vitiligo: A pilot study. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:218-220. [PMID: 30227989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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