1
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Deng J, Pan T, Wang D, Hong Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, An Z, Li L, Alfano G, Li G, Dolcetti L, Evans R, Vicencio JM, Vlckova P, Chen Y, Monypenny J, Gomes CADC, Weitsman G, Ng K, McCarthy C, Yang X, Hu Z, Porter JC, Tape CJ, Yin M, Wei F, Rodriguez-Justo M, Zhang J, Tejpar S, Beatson R, Ng T. The MondoA-dependent TXNIP/GDF15 axis predicts oxaliplatin response in colorectal adenocarcinomas. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:2080-2108. [PMID: 39103698 PMCID: PMC11393413 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, the standard of care treatment for cancer patients with advanced disease, has been increasingly recognized to activate host immune responses to produce durable outcomes. Here, in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) we identify oxaliplatin-induced Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP), a MondoA-dependent tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15). GDF15 is a negative prognostic factor in CRC and promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit CD8 T-cell activation. Intriguingly, multiple models including patient-derived tumor organoids demonstrate that the loss of TXNIP and GDF15 responsiveness to oxaliplatin is associated with advanced disease or chemotherapeutic resistance, with transcriptomic or proteomic GDF15/TXNIP ratios showing potential as a prognostic biomarker. These findings illustrate a potentially common pathway where chemotherapy-induced epithelial oxidative stress drives local immune remodeling for patient benefit, with disruption of this pathway seen in refractory or advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Medical Pathology Centre (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Centre (CEDTC), Translational Medicine Research Centre (TMRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yourae Hong
- Digestive Oncology Unit and Centre for Human Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwen An
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luigi Dolcetti
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Evans
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Petra Vlckova
- Cell Communication Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yue Chen
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics Facility, The James Black Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zedong Hu
- Digestive Oncology Unit and Centre for Human Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna C Porter
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Tape
- Cell Communication Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Medical Pathology Centre (MPC), Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Centre (CEDTC), Translational Medicine Research Centre (TMRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Centre, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, London, UK.
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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2
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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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Tigu AB, Bancos A. The Role of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8974-8988. [PMID: 37998740 PMCID: PMC10670124 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of diseases with a low incidence, high degree of heterogeneity, and a dismal prognosis in most cases. Because of the low incidence of these diseases, there have been few therapeutic novelties developed over time. Nevertheless, this fact is changing presently as epigenetic modifiers have been shown to be recurrently mutated in some types of PTCLs, especially in the cases of PTCLs not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), T follicular helper (TFH), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). These have brought about more insight into PTCL biology, especially in the case of PTCLs arising from TFH lymphocytes. From a biological perspective, it has been observed that ten-eleven translocators (TET2) mutated T lymphocytes tend to polarize to TFH, while Tregs lose their inhibitory properties. IDH2 R172 was shown to have inhibitory effects on TET2, mimicking the effects of TET2 mutations, as well as having effects on histone methylation. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) loss-of-function, although it was shown to have opposite effects to TET2 from an inflammatory perspective, was also shown to increase the number of T lymphocyte progenitors. Aside from bringing about more knowledge of PTCL biology, these mutations were shown to increase the sensitivity of PTCLs to certain epigenetic therapies, like hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Thus, to answer the question from the title of this review: We found the Achilles heel, but only for one of the Achilles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Bancos
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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4
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Lai P, Liu F, Liu X, Sun J, Wang Y. Differential molecular programs of cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and CD30-positive transformed mycosis fungoides. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270365. [PMID: 37790936 PMCID: PMC10544577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discriminating between cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (cALCL) and CD30-positive transformed mycosis fungoides (CD30+ TMF) is challenging, particularly when they arise in the context of pre-existing mycosis fungoides. The development of molecular diagnostic tools was hampered by the rarity of both diseases and the limited understanding of their pathogenesis. Methods In this study, we established a cohort comprising 25 cALCL cases and 25 CD30+ TMF cases, with transcriptomic data obtained from 31 samples. We compared the clinicopathological information and investigated the gene expression profiling between these two entities. Furthermore, we developed an immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithm to differentiate these two entities clinically. Results Our investigation revealed distinct clinicopathological features and unique gene expression programs associated with cALCL and CD30+ TMF. cALCL and CD30+ TMF displayed marked differences in gene expression patterns. Notably, CD30+ TMF demonstrated enrichment of T cell receptor signaling pathways and an exhausted T cell phenotype, accompanied by infiltration of B cells, dendritic cells, and neurons. In contrast, cALCL cells expressed high levels of HLA class II genes, polarized towards a Th17 phenotype, and exhibited neutrophil infiltration. An IHC algorithm with BATF3 and TCF7 staining emerged as potential diagnostic markers for identifying these two entities. Conclusions Our findings provide valuable insights into the differential molecular signatures associated with cALCL and CD30+ TMF, which contribute to their distinct clinicopathological behaviors. An appropriate IHC algorithm could be used as a potential diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingru Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
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5
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Aziz S, Yalan L, Raza MA, Lemin J, Akram HMB, Zhao W. GSK126 an inhibitor of epigenetic regulator EZH2 suppresses cardiac fibrosis by regulating the EZH2-PAX6-CXCL10 pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:87-100. [PMID: 36469862 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological companion of various cardiovascular diseases. To date, the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in cancer has been well demonstrated including in renal carcinoma and its inhibitors have entered the stage of phase I/II clinical trials. However, the precise mechanism of EZH2 in cardiac diseases is largely unclear. In the current study, we first found that EZH2 expression was increased in Ang-II-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and mouse heart homogenates following isoproterenol (ISO) administration for 21 days, respectively. Ang-II induces CFs activation and increased collagen-I, collagen-III, α-SMA, EZH2, and trimethylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) expressions can be reversed by EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) and EZH2 siRNA. The ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in vivo which were also related to the upregulation of EZH2 and its downstream target, H3K27me3, could be recovered by GSK126. Furthermore, the upregulation of EZH2 induces the decrease of paired box 6 (PAX6) and C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) "which" were also reversed by GSK126 treatment. In summary, the present evidence strongly suggests that GSK126 could be a therapeutic intervention, blunting the development and progression of myocardial fibrosis in an EZH2-PAX6-CXCL10-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Aziz
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Li Yalan
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmer Raza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiao Lemin
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hafiz Muhamamd Bilal Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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6
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German B, Ellis L. Polycomb Directed Cell Fate Decisions in Development and Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 36135315 PMCID: PMC9497807 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of transcription regulators highly conserved throughout evolution. Their principal role is to epigenetically modify chromatin landscapes and control the expression of master transcriptional programs to determine cellular identity. The two mayor PcG protein complexes that have been identified in mammals to date are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). These protein complexes selectively repress gene expression via the induction of covalent post-translational histone modifications, promoting chromatin structure stabilization. PRC2 catalyzes the histone H3 methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), inducing heterochromatin structures. This activity is controlled by the formation of a multi-subunit complex, which includes enhancer of zeste (EZH2), embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED), and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12). This review will summarize the latest insights into how PRC2 in mammalian cells regulates transcription to orchestrate the temporal and tissue-specific expression of genes to determine cell identity and cell-fate decisions. We will specifically describe how PRC2 dysregulation in different cell types can promote phenotypic plasticity and/or non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, inducing the development of highly aggressive epithelial neuroendocrine carcinomas, including prostate, small cell lung, and Merkel cell cancer. With this, EZH2 has emerged as an important actionable therapeutic target in such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz German
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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7
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1230-1238. [PMID: 35933601 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methylated enzyme. It trimethylates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to regulate epigenetic processes. Recently, studies showed excessive expression of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic sclerosis. Moreover, epigenetic modification of EZH2 regulates differentiation and proliferation of different immune cells. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases. Collection of the evidence may provide a basis for further understanding the role of EZH2 and give potential for targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Wang HY, Nayak A, Nunez-Cruz S, Slupianek A, Liu X, Basappa J, Fan JS, Chekol S, Nejati R, Bogusz AM, Turner SD, Swaminathan K, Wasik MA. Induction of Transcriptional Inhibitor HES1 and the Related Repression of Tumor-Suppressor TXNIP Are Important Components of Cell-Transformation Program Imposed by Oncogenic Kinase NPM-ALK. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1186-1198. [PMID: 35640677 PMCID: PMC9379685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports that hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1), known to repress gene transcription in progenitor cells of several cell lineages, was strongly expressed in cells and tissues of T-cell lymphoma expressing the oncogenic chimeric tyrosine kinase nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK; ALK+ T-cell lymphoma (TCL)]. The structural analysis of the Orange domain of HES1 indicated that HES1 formed a highly stable homodimer. Of note, repression of HES1 expression led to inhibition of ALK+ TCL cell growth in vivo. The expression of the HES1 gene was induced by NPM-ALK through activation of STAT3, which bound to the gene's promoter and induced the gene's transcription. NPM-ALK also directly phosphorylated HES1 protein. In turn, HES1 up-regulated and down-regulated in ALK+ TCL cells, the expression of numerous genes, protein products of which are involved in key cell functions, such as cell proliferation and viability. Among the genes inhibited by HES1 was thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), encoding a protein implicated in promotion of cell death in various types of cells. Accordingly, ALK+ TCL cells and tissues lacked expression of TXNIP, and its transcription was co-inhibited by HES1 and STAT3 in an NPM-ALK-dependent manner. Finally, the induced expression of TXNIP induced massive apoptotic cell death of ALK+ TCL cells. The results reveal a novel NPM-ALK-controlled pro-oncogenic regulatory network and document an important role of HES and TXNIP in the NPM-ALK-driven oncogenesis, with the former protein displaying oncogenic and the latter tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hong Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anindita Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Selene Nunez-Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Artur Slupianek
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnvesly Basappa
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seble Chekol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Agata M Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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9
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Hara N, Sawada Y. Epigenetics of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073538. [PMID: 35408897 PMCID: PMC8998216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications rarely occur in isolation (as single “epigenetic modifications”). They usually appear together and form a network to control the epigenetic system. Cutaneous malignancies are usually affected by epigenetic changes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the epigenetic changes associated with cutaneous lymphomas. In this review, we focused on cutaneous T-cell lymphomas such as mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. With regard to epigenetic changes, we summarize the detailed chemical modifications categorized into DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation. We also summarize the epigenetic modifications and characteristics of the drug for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Furthermore, we discuss current research on epigenetic-targeted therapy against cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Although the current method of treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors does not exhibit sufficient therapeutic benefits in all cases of CTCL, epigenetic-targeted combination therapy might overcome this limitation for patients with CTCL.
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10
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Sun S, Yu F, Xu D, Zheng H, Li M. EZH2, a prominent orchestrator of genetic and epigenetic regulation of solid tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188700. [PMID: 35217116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is regarded as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The histone methyltransferase, Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of numerous solid tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of EZH2 in cancer immunotherapeutic resistance remains unknown. EZH2 orchestrates the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Profound epigenetic and transcriptomic changes induced by EZH2 in tumor cells and immune cells mobilize the elements of the TME, leading to immune-suppressive activity of solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the dynamic functions of EZH2 on the different components of the TME, including tumor cells, T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. Several ongoing anti-tumor clinical trials using EZH2 inhibitors have also been included as translational perspectives. In conclusion, based combinational therapy to enable ICB could offer a survival benefit in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Feng Yu
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America.
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11
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Li Y, Yu M, Yin J, Yan H, Wang X. Enhanced Calcium Signal Induces NK Cell Degranulation but Inhibits Its Cytotoxic Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:347-357. [PMID: 34911773 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanism of NK cell activation is still unclear, the strict calcium dependence remains the hallmark for lytic granule secretion. A plethora of studies claiming that impaired Ca2+ signaling leads to severely defective cytotoxic granule exocytosis accompanied by weak target cell lysis has been published. However, there has been little discussion about the effect of induced calcium signal on NK cell cytotoxicity. In our study, we observed that small-molecule inhibitor UNC1999, which suppresses global H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) of human NK cells, induced a PKD2-dependent calcium signal. Enhanced calcium entry led to unbalanced vesicle release, which resulted into fewer target cells acquiring lytic granules and subsequently being killed. Further analyses revealed that the ability of conjugate formation, lytic synapse formation, and granule polarization were normal in NK cells treated with UNC1999. Cumulatively, these data indicated that induced calcium signal exclusively enhances unbalanced degranulation that further inhibits their cytotoxic activity in human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China;
| | - Minghang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
- Department of Immunology, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Divergent Effects of EZH1 and EZH2 Protein Expression on the Prognosis of Patients with T-Cell Lymphomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121842. [PMID: 34944658 PMCID: PMC8698684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are highly heterogeneous and their prognosis is poor under the currently available therapies. Enhancers of zeste homologue 1 and 2 (EZH1/2) are histone H3 lysine-27 trimethyltransferases (H3K27me3). Despite the rapid development of new drugs inhibiting EZH2 and/or EZH1, the molecular interplay of these proteins and the impact on disease progression and prognosis of patients with T-cell lymphomas remains insufficiently understood. In this study, EZH1/2 mutation status was evaluated in 33 monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphomas by next generation sequencing and EZH1/2 and H3K27me3 protein expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in 46 T-cell lymphomas. Correlations with clinicopathologic features were analyzed and survival curves generated. No EZH1 mutations and one (3%) EZH2 missense mutation were identified. In univariable analysis, high EZH1 expression was associated with an improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) whereas high EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression were associated with poorer OS and PFS. Multivariable analysis revealed EZH1 (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.183; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.044–0.767; p = 0.020;) and EZH2 (HR = 8.245; 95% CI: 1.898–35.826; p = 0.005) to be independent, divergent prognostic markers for OS. In conclusion, EZH1/2 protein expression had opposing effects on the prognosis of T-cell lymphoma patients.
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13
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Liu Z, Jia Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Fu R. Role of EZH2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and immune-cancer interactions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103547. [PMID: 34843930 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, methylation modification has been determined to be vital for the biological regulation of normal cells, tumor cells, and tumor microenvironment immune cells. Enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2), a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), catalyzes the trimethylation of the downstream gene in the tri-methylates histone three lysine 27 (H3K27me3) position, which causes chromatin pyknosis, and thus, silences the expression of related genes. In this paper, we reviewed the role of EZH2 in regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and the immune cell function in tumor microenvironment, summarized all types of existing EZH2 inhibitors and the main clinical trials, and proposed relevant ideas for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Yue Jia
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
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14
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Lai P, Wang Y. Epigenetics of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: biomarkers and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:34-51. [PMID: 33628583 PMCID: PMC7877166 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of skin-homing non-Hodgkin lymphomas. There are limited options for effective treatment of patients with advanced-stage CTCL, leading to a poor survival rate. Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations are involved in virtually all key cancer-associated pathways and are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. In recent years, the epigenetic hallmarks of CTCL have been gradually elucidated and their potential values in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention have been clarified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the best-studied epigenetic modifications in CTCL, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and chromatin remodelers. These epigenetic regulators are essential in the development of CTCL and provide new insights into the clinical treatments of this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
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15
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Shao FF, Chen BJ, Wu GQ. The functions of EZH2 in immune cells: Principles for novel immunotherapies. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:77-87. [PMID: 33040370 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0520-311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is aberrantly expressed or mutated in multiple types of cancer cells and plays an oncogenic role in tumorigenesis and development in most cancers. Results from pilot clinical studies have implied that EZH2 inhibitors have therapeutic potential against some cancers. However, the exact mechanisms by which EZH2 plays oncogenic roles and EZH2 inhibition exerts anticancer effects are incompletely understood. To date, the findings of studies focusing on EZH2 and cancer cells have failed to fully explain the observations in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, recent studies about the roles of EZH2 in cancers have shifted from cancer cells to immune cells. The human immune system is a complex network comprising multiple subpopulations of immune cells. Immune cells communicate and interact with cancer cells during cancer development and treatment, dictating the fate of cancer cells. Elucidating the roles of EZH2 in immune cells, especially in cancer patients, promises the identification of novel immunotherapeutic strategies or priming of existing immunotherapies against cancer. Hence, we reviewed the studies focusing on the involvement of EZH2 in various immune cells, aiming to provide ideas for immunotherapies targeting EZH2 in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Shao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo-Jin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Stolearenco V, Levring TB, Nielsen HM, Lindahl L, Fredholm S, Kongsbak-Wismann M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Buus TB, Nastasi C, Hu T, Gluud M, Côme CRM, Krejsgaard T, Iversen L, Bonefeld CM, Grønbæk K, Met Ö, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Geisler C. The Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein TXNIP Is a Putative Tumour Suppressor in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Dermatology 2020; 237:283-290. [PMID: 32799209 DOI: 10.1159/000509159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is involved in cellular metabolism and cell proliferation, and recently, deficient expression of TXNIP has been associated with progression and poor outcome for cancer patients. OBJECTIVES To assess TXNIP expression and function in malignant T cells from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). METHODS CTCL-derived malignant (MyLa2059, PB2B) and non-malignant (MyLa1850) cell lines were analysed by Western blotting and qPCR for TXNIP expression. Subsequently, the malignant CTCL cell lines were treated with GSK126 - an inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase activity or assessed by bisulphite sequencing for TXNIP promoter methylation. Methylation was also assessed with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5AZA). Finally, TXNIP was overexpressed in the malignant PB2B cell line via plasmid transduction, and the effect of TXNIP was further analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We report on low expression of TXNIP protein in all cell lines representing different subtypes and stages of CTCL when compared to non-malignant T cells. Epigenetic silencing and other mechanisms were involved in the repression of TXNIP whereas forced expression of TXNIP strongly inhibited proliferation of malignant T cells. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic silencing and other as yet unknown mechanisms repress TXNIP expression in malignant T cells. As forced expression of TXNIP inhibits malignant proliferation, we propose that TXNIP is a putative tumour suppressor in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Stolearenco
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine B Levring
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Myrtue Nielsen
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Fredholm
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kongsbak-Wismann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tengpeng Hu
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe R M Côme
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Gluud M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gjerdrum LMR, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Andersen MH, Bonefeld CM, Krejsgaard T, Litvinov IV, Iversen L, Becker JC, Persson JL, Koralov SB, Litman T, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051229. [PMID: 32414221 PMCID: PMC7281391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially devastating primary skin malignancies. Despite decades of intense research efforts, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. In the early stages, both clinical and histopathological diagnosis is often difficult due to the ability of CTCL to masquerade as benign skin inflammatory dermatoses. Due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, it is also difficult to predict which patients will respond to therapy or progress towards severe recalcitrant disease. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression and putative pathological roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRs in CTCL. We also focus on the interplay between miRs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and oncogenic signaling pathways in malignant T cells as well as the impact of miRs in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential use of miRs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose that the combined use of miR-modulating compounds with epigenetic drugs may provide a novel avenue for boosting the clinical efficacy of existing anti-cancer therapies in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M. Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Charlotte Menne Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Thorbjorn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Niels Odum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2875-7879
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18
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Li B, Chng WJ. EZH2 abnormalities in lymphoid malignancies: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31752930 PMCID: PMC6868783 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which along with other PRC2 components mediates gene expression suppression via the methylation of Histone H3 at lysine 27. Recent studies have revealed a dichotomous role of EZH2 in physiology and in the pathogenesis of cancer. While it plays an essential role in the development of the lymphoid system, its deregulation, whether due to genetic or non-genetic causes, promotes B cell- and T cell-related lymphoma or leukemia. These findings triggered a boom in the development of therapeutic EZH2 inhibitors in recent years. Here, we discuss physiologic and pathogenic function of EZH2 in lymphoid context, various internal causes of EZH2 aberrance and how EZH2 modulates lymphomagenesis through epigenetic silencing, post-translational modifications (PTMs), orchestrating with surrounding tumor micro-environment and associating with RNA or viral partners. We also summarize different strategies to directly inhibit PRC2-EZH2 or to intervene EZH2 upstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Soltan MY, Sumarni U, Assaf C, Langer P, Reidel U, Eberle J. Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Indirubin Derivative-Induced Cell Death in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051158. [PMID: 30866411 PMCID: PMC6429192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may develop a highly malignant phenotype in its late phase, and patients may profit from innovative therapies. The plant extract indirubin and its chemical derivatives represent new and promising antitumor strategies. This first report on the effects of an indirubin derivative in CTCL cells shows a strong decrease of cell proliferation and cell viability as well as an induction of apoptosis, suggesting indirubin derivatives for therapy of CTCL. As concerning the mode of activity, the indirubin derivative DKP-071 activated the extrinsic apoptosis cascade via caspase-8 and caspase-3 through downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP. Importantly, a strong increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed as an immediate early effect in response to DKP-071 treatment. The use of antioxidative pre-treatment proved the decisive role of ROS, which turned out upstream of all other proapoptotic effects monitored. Thus, reactive oxygen species appear as a highly active proapoptotic pathway in CTCL, which may be promising for therapeutic intervention. This pathway can be efficiently activated by an indirubin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Soltan
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt.
| | - Uly Sumarni
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Catalysis at the University of Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Reidel
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Ma H, O’Connor OA, Marchi E. New directions in treating peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL): leveraging epigenetic modifiers alone and in combination. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:137-146. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1583102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ma
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen A. O’Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Prieto-Torres L, Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Onaindia A, Ara M, Requena L, Piris MÁ. CD30-positive primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders: molecular alterations and targeted therapies. Haematologica 2019; 104:226-235. [PMID: 30630983 PMCID: PMC6355473 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common subgroup of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. They include two clinically different entities with some overlapping features and borderline cases: lymphomatoid papulosis and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Molecular studies of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma reveal an increasing level of heterogeneity that is associated with histological and immunophenotypic features of the cases and their response to specific therapies. Here, we review the most significant genetic, epigenetic and molecular alterations described to date in primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Socorro M Rodriguez-Pinilla
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid.,Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, CIBERONC, Madrid
| | - Arantza Onaindia
- Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander
| | - Mariano Ara
- Dermatology Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Á Piris
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid.,Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, CIBERONC, Madrid
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23
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Qiu L, Liu F, Yi S, Li X, Liu X, Xiao C, Lian CG, Tu P, Wang Y. Loss of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is an Epigenetic Biomarker in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2388-2397. [PMID: 29803640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA hydroxymethylation at the 5 position of cytosine (5-hmC) is a product of the TET family of DNA hydroxylases. Accumulating evidence shows that loss of 5-hmC is critical for various biological and pathological processes. However, its level in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the loss of 5-hmC is an epigenetic hallmark of CTCL, with diagnostic and prognostic implications. Immunohistochemistry staining on 90 mycosis fungoides (MF) samples showed a significant decrease of 5-hmC staining in CD4+ T cells in patch and tumor stages, especially in MF with large cell transformation, compared with benign inflammatory dermatoses. The 5-hmC staining level decreased with disease progression and showed remarkable loss in the large cells of large cell transformed MF samples, regardless of the CD30 positivity. Furthermore, 5-hmC decrease was correlated to poor overall survival in our patient cohort. Pharmacological augments of global 5-hmC with l-ascorbic acid in CTCL cell lines led to remarkable 5-hmC accumulation and promoted apoptosis in CTCL cell lines, as well as in patient-derived CTCL cells. In conclusion, 5-hmC is an epigenetic mark of predictive value in MF prognosis. Restoration of 5-hmC levels in MF may serve as a therapeutic regimen in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Yi
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Guo Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.
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