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Jiang L, Yi Q, Sun Z, Lin Y. ZNT1 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of HaCaT Cells Infected with HPV Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Indian J Dermatol 2024; 69:201. [PMID: 38841228 PMCID: PMC11149793 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_775_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Condyloma acuminatum (CA), which is a highly contagious sexually transmitted illness generated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes resulting in verrucous lesions. Although solute carrier family 30 member 1 (ZNT1) is highly expressed in CA tissues, the function of ZNT1 in CA remains unclear. Methods HPV transfection was performed in HaCaT to simulate the CA pathological environment. The mRNA and protein levels were monitored using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Cell viability was found using the MTT test. Cell invasion and migration were probed using the transwell and wound healing. Results ZNT1 expression was up-regulated in CA tissues, and HPV transfection increased the expression of ZNT1. Overexpression of ZNT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of Human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) transfected with HPV. Meanwhile, ZNT1 knockdown repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT that HPV transfected. Further research displayed that ZNT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT transfected with HPV through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion Our research confirmed that ZNT1 regulated the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT transfected with HPV through the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing a new target for the effective remedy of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- From the Dermatological STD Clinic, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 1-1101 Juxiangxincheng, No. 109 Xiangyin Lane, Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yi
- From the Dermatological STD Clinic, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 1-1101 Juxiangxincheng, No. 109 Xiangyin Lane, Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 1-1101 Juxiangxincheng, No. 109 Xiangyin Lane, Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 1-1101 Juxiangxincheng, No. 109 Xiangyin Lane, Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Petrucelli MF, Martins-Santana L, Rossi A, Martinez-Rossi NM. Molecular Signaling and Metabolic Responses during the Interaction between Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) and the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:72. [PMID: 38248981 PMCID: PMC10820588 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is the leading causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. Keratinocytes are the first line of defense that drives an immune response against fungal invasion. Host-specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger immunological pathways. Fungal cell wall components are the primary sources of fungal PAMPs, and some pathogens increase cell wall rearrangement to evade the immune system. Glycolysis and enhanced lactate levels are critical for improving host immune responses to fungal infections. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we evaluated the transcriptional responses of human genes involved in fungal recognition and glycolytic metabolism and fungal cell-wall-related genes in a co-culture model of human keratinocytes with T. rubrum. We observed the upregulation of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and glycolytic genes. Complementarily, we measured intra- and extracellular glucose levels and the increase in lactate production in the co-culture supernatant. We noted a distinct transcriptional regulation pattern of fungal cell-wall-related genes from fungal growth on keratin as the primary carbon source compared to co-culture with human keratinocytes. Our results showed new insights into the transcriptional adaptation of keratinocytes, particularly in regulating genes involved in sensing and metabolic processes, during the interaction with T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (L.M.-S.); (A.R.)
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Ye J, Zheng L, He Y, Qi X. Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e368. [PMID: 37719443 PMCID: PMC10501338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high-risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, with 70% of cervical cancer cases associated with high-risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a significant financial and psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate HPV infection and halt the progression of precancerous lesions remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying HPV-related cervical lesions, including the viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, and host and environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment methods for HPV-related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Our focus is on immunotherapy, encompassing HPV therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and advanced adoptive T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the commonly employed drugs and other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized in clinical practice for managing HPV infection and associated cervical lesions. Gene editing technology is currently undergoing clinical research and, although not yet employed officially in clinical treatment of cervical lesions, numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. Therefore, it holds promise as a precise treatment strategy for HPV-related cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Lab MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Gu Z, Liu J, Qin L, Zhang Y, Cui W, Huang H, Liu L, Cao Y, Zhang H. WTAP-mediated m6A modification of IFNE is required for antiviral defense in condyloma acuminata. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 111:43-51. [PMID: 37516644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-ε is essential in combating viral infections, particularly in epithelial cells and protected mucosal tissues. Its protective effects have been demonstrated against HSV2, Zika virus, HIV and SARS-COV2. However, the specific expression and role of IFN-ε in skin keratinocytes and HPV infection are still not fully understood and require further investigation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the functions and expression mechanism of IFN-ε in keratinocytes during HPV infection and the progression of condyloma acuminata. METHODS Keratinocytes isolated from biopsied CA warts and normal skins samples were analyzed by MeRIP-seq analysis. IFN-ε and WTAP in CA warts and normal skins were analyzed by immunostaining and qPCR. RESULTS In this study, we identified IFN-ɛ was markedly upregulated in CA warts and HPV-infected keratinocytes. IFN-ɛ expression also showed negatively correlation with the size of CA warts (R=-0.4646, P = 0.009). IFN-ɛ suppressed the susceptibility of HPV infection directly. m6A analysis reveals WTAP is a key m6A writer promoting the m6A modification of IFNE mRNA. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that IFN-ɛ is an important Type I IFN cytokine involved in the development of genital warts. Furthermore, we found that HPV infection affects the m6A modifications of IFNE through a mechanism dependent on WTAP. This study provides insights into the innate immune response of the host to HPV infection and may contribute to the development of future strategies for regulating innate immunity to treat genital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenya Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huayu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchun Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhong Y, Wei J, Song W, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Liu H, Chen X, Huang X, Zeng K. Identification of novel biomarkers and key pathways of condyloma acuminata. Genomics 2022; 114:110303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li Z, Xiao Z, Feng Y, Wang Q, Teng M. Mechanism of a new photosensitizer (TBZPy) in the treatment of high-risk human papillomavirus-related diseases. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102591. [PMID: 34670154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus infection is closely related to the development of several diseases, including cervical cancer and condyloma acuminatum. We recently designed a new photosensitizer, 1-triphenylaminebenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4-yl)styryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide salt (TBZPy), which shows good photodynamic properties. In this study, we explored the mechanism of action of the TBZPy photosensitizer and its potential application in the treatment of high-risk human papillomavirus-related diseases. METHODS HeLa cells (infected by the high-risk human papillomavirus strain HPV18) were treated with TBZPy-photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL; pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9; and the mitochondrial stress protein heat shock protein 60 were examined by western blotting. RESULTS TBZPy-PDT inhibited the viability and promoted reactive oxygen species production, lactate dehydrogenase release, and apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro. TBZPy-PDT also promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, TBZPy-PDT downregulated the expression of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of TBZPy-PDT against human papillomavirus-related diseases. These findings provide a foundation for using this novel photosensitizer to treat diseases associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingjun Feng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Muzhou Teng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
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Barber GC, Chong BF. SnapshotDx Quiz: October 2020. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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