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Liu M, Lu F, Feng J. Aging and homeostasis of the hypodermis in the age-related deterioration of skin function. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:443. [PMID: 38914551 PMCID: PMC11196735 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues in the hypodermis, the crucial stem cell reservoir in the skin and the endocrine organ for the maintenance of skin homeostasis undergo significant changes during skin aging. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has recently been recognized as an important organ for both non-metabolic and metabolic health in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Defective differentiation, adipogenesis, improper adipocytokine production, and immunological dissonance dysfunction in dWAT lead to age-associated clinical changes. Here, we review age-related alterations in dWAT across levels, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of aging. We also discuss the pathogenic changes involved in age-related fat dysfunction and the unfavorable consequences of accelerated skin aging, such as chronic inflammaging, immunosenescence, delayed wound healing, and fibrosis. Research has shown that adipose aging is an early initiation event and a potential target for extending longevity. We believe that adipose tissues play an essential role in aging and form a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related skin diseases. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zeng Q, Gong Y, Zhu N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Qin L. Lipids and lipid metabolism in cellular senescence: Emerging targets for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102294. [PMID: 38583577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a kind of cellular state triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli, which is mainly characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Once senescent cells accumulate in tissues, they may eventually accelerate the progression of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, chronic lung diseases, cancers, etc. Recent studies have shown that the disorders of lipid metabolism are not only related to age-related diseases, but also regulate the cellular senescence process. Based on existing research evidences, the changes in lipid metabolism in senescent cells are mainly concentrated in the metabolic processes of phospholipids, fatty acids and cholesterol. Obviously, the changes in lipid-metabolizing enzymes and proteins involved in these pathways play a critical role in senescence. However, the link between cellular senescence, changes in lipid metabolism and age-related disease remains to be elucidated. Herein, we summarize the lipid metabolism changes in senescent cells, especially the senescent cells that promote age-related diseases, as well as focusing on the role of lipid-related enzymes or proteins in senescence. Finally, we explore the prospect of lipids in cellular senescence and their potential as drug targets for preventing and delaying age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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3
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Rad AN, Grillari J. Current senolytics: Mode of action, efficacy and limitations, and their future. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111888. [PMID: 38040344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state characterized by its near-permanent halted cell cycle and distinct secretory phenotype. Although senescent cells have a variety of beneficial physiological functions, progressive accumulation of these cells due to aging or other conditions has been widely shown to provoke deleterious effects on the normal functioning of the same or higher-level biological organizations. Recently, erasing senescent cells in vivo, using senolytics, could ameliorate diseases identified with an elevated number of senescent cells. Since then, researchers have struggled to develop new senolytics each with different selectivity and potency. In this review, we have gathered and classified the proposed senolytics and discussed their mechanisms of action. Moreover, we highlight the heterogeneity of senolytics regarding their effect sizes, and cell type specificity as well as comment on the exploited strategies to improve these features. Finally, we suggest some prospective routes for the novel methods for ablation of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nayeri Rad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Sarandy MM, Gonçalves RV, Valacchi G. Cutaneous Redox Senescence. Biomedicines 2024; 12:348. [PMID: 38397950 PMCID: PMC10886899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of skin cell senescence involves the role of environmental stressors (UV, O3, cigarette smoke, particulate matter, etc.), lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.) as well as genetic factors (metabolic changes, hormonal, etc.). The common mechanism of action of these stressors is the disturbance of cellular redox balance characterized by increased free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and when these overload the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, it can lead to an oxidative stress cellular condition. The main redox mechanisms that activate cellular senescence in the skin involve (1) the oxidative damage of telomeres causing their shortening; (2) the oxidation of proteomes and DNA damage; (3) an a in lysosomal mass through the increased activity of resident enzymes such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) as well as other proteins that are products of lysosomal activity; (4) and the increased expression of SASP, in particular pro-inflammatory cytokines transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. However, the main targets of ROS on the skin are the proteome (oxi-proteome), followed by telomeres, nucleic acids (DNAs), lipids, proteins, and cytoplasmic organelles. As a result, cell cycle arrest pathways, lipid peroxidation, increased lysosomal content and dysfunctional mitochondria, and SASP synthesis occur. Furthermore, oxidative stress in skin cells increases the activity of p16INK4A and p53 as inhibitors of Rb and CDks, which are important for maintaining the cell cycle. p53 also promotes the inactivation of mTOR-mediated autophagic and apoptotic pathways, leading to senescence. However, these markers alone cannot establish the state of cellular senescence, and multiple analyses are encouraged for confirmation. An updated and more comprehensive approach to investigating skin senescence should include further assays of ox-inflammatory molecular pathways that can consolidate the understanding of cutaneous redox senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang J, Yu H, Man M, Hu L. Aging in the dermis: Fibroblast senescence and its significance. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14054. [PMID: 38040661 PMCID: PMC10861215 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is characterized by changes in its structural, cellular, and molecular components in both the epidermis and dermis. Dermal aging is distinguished by reduced dermal thickness, increased wrinkles, and a sagging appearance. Due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a series of aging events, including imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, accumulation of senescent fibroblasts, loss of cell identity, and chronic inflammation mediated by senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These events are regulated by signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Senescent fibroblasts can induce and accelerate age-related dysfunction of other skin cells and may even cause systemic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the role of dermal fibroblasts in cutaneous aging and inflammation. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which dermal fibroblasts influence cutaneous aging and inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Haoyue Yu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mao‐Qiang Man
- Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangdongChina
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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6
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Zhu H, Shen F, Liao T, Qian H, Liu Y. Immunosenescence and macrophages: From basics to therapeutics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 165:106479. [PMID: 37866656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Ageing decreases the function of the immune system and increases susceptibility to some chronic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Senescence cells, which produce senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), can activate the innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages are among the most abundant innate immune cell types in senescent microenvironments. Senescence-associated macrophages, recruited by SASPs, play a vital role in establishing the essential microenvironments for maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, it's important to note that these senescence-associated macrophages can also influence senescent processes, either by enhancing or impeding the functions of tissue-resident senescent cells. In this discussion, we describe the potential targets of immunosenescence and shed light on the probable mechanisms by which macrophages influence cellular senescence. Furthermore, we analyze their dual function in both clearing senescent cells and modulating age-related diseases. This multifaceted influence operates through processes including heightened inflammation, phagocytosis, efferocytosis, and autophagy. Given the potential off-target effects and immune evasion mechanisms associated with traditional anti-ageing strategies (senolytics and senomorphics), 'resetting' immune system tolerance or targeting senescence-related macrophage functions (i.e., phagocytotic capacity and immunosurveillance) will inform treatment of age-related diseases. Therefore, we review recent advances in the use of macrophage therapeutics to treat ageing and age-associated disorders, and outline the key gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China
| | | | - Tingting Liao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, China.
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7
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Czyz CM, Kunth PW, Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Hammers CM, Hundt JE. Requisite instruments for the establishment of three-dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents-A methods review. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1870-1883. [PMID: 37605856 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three-dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3-J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE-depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Marie Czyz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Werner Kunth
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Matthias Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Liu M, Lu F, Feng J. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue derivatives in skin photoaging. Regen Med 2023; 18:869-883. [PMID: 37743749 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaging, the primary cause of exogenous skin aging and predominantly caused by ultraviolet radiation, is an essential type of skin aging characterized by chronic skin inflammation. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, skin barrier homeostasis, collagen denaturation and pigmentation are the main contributors to it. As a composite tissue rich in matrix and vascular components, adipose tissue derivatives have been recently gaining attention as potential therapeutic agents for various human diseases with fat-processing technology upgrades. This review analyzes both 'minimally treated' and 'nonminimally treated' fat derivatives to give an overview of the preclinical and clinical relevance of adipose tissue derivatives for antiphotoaging application, highlighting their good clinical prospects as well as discussing their safety and potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
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9
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Sharma R, Diwan B. Lipids and the hallmarks of ageing: From pathology to interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111858. [PMID: 37652278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are critical structural and functional architects of cellular homeostasis. Change in systemic lipid profile is a clinical indicator of underlying metabolic pathologies, and emerging evidence is now defining novel roles of lipids in modulating organismal ageing. Characteristic alterations in lipid metabolism correlate with age, and impaired systemic lipid profile can also accelerate the development of ageing phenotype. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the extent of lipids as regulators of the modern hallmarks of ageing viz., cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, telomere attrition, genome instability, proteostasis and autophagy, epigenetic alterations, and stem cells dysfunctions. Current evidence on the modulation of each of these hallmarks has been discussed with emphasis on inherent age-dependent deficiencies in lipid metabolism as well as exogenous lipid changes. There appears to be sufficient evidence to consider impaired lipid metabolism as key driver of the ageing process although much of knowledge is yet fragmented. Considering dietary lipids, the type and quantity of lipids in the diet is a significant, but often overlooked determinant that governs the effects of lipids on ageing. Further research using integrative approaches amidst the known aging hallmarks is highly desirable for understanding the therapeutics of lipids associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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10
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Wang L, Zhang H, Xiao X, Wang S, Zhao RC. Small Extracellular Vesicles Maintain Homeostasis of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Least Through Excreting Harmful Lipids. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:565-579. [PMID: 37262010 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an essential role in multiple physiological processes in vivo and a promising cell-based therapy for various diseases. Nonetheless, MSCs suffer from senescence with expansion culture, leading to a limitation for their clinical application. Recently, it was reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are involved in regulation of senescence in tumor cells and fibroblasts. However, the biological roles of sEVs in senescent MSCs (Sen MSCs) are poorly understood. In this study, we established a replicative senescence model of MSCs by successive passages and compared the phenotypic changes between presenescent MSCs (Pre-Sen MSCs) and Sen MSCs and found that Sen MSCs exhibited a diminished adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential and elevated senescence-associated secretory phenotype levels. In addition, we found that sEV secretion was increased in Sen MSCs, and inhibition of sEV secretion led to apoptosis, DNA damage, and decreased cell viability, suggesting that increased sEV secretion plays an important role in maintaining Sen MSC homeostasis. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms, metabolomic profiling of Pre-Sen MSC-derived sEVs (Pre-Sen-sEVs) and Sen MSC-derived sEVs (Sen-sEVs) was performed. The results showed that lipid metabolites were significantly increased in Sen-sEVs and these significantly upregulated lipid metabolites were shown to be toxic for inducing cellular senescence and apoptosis in previous studies. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment of differential metabolites between Pre-Sen-sEVs and Sen-sEVs mainly in 25 signaling pathways, of which 21 metabolic pathways have been shown to be closely associated with senescence. Taken together, our findings suggested that increased sEV secretion maintains Sen MSC homeostasis, at least in part, by excreting harmful lipids, thus providing new insights into the regulation of senescence by sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College; Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Giroud J, Bouriez I, Paulus H, Pourtier A, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Pluquet O. Exploring the Communication of the SASP: Dynamic, Interactive, and Adaptive Effects on the Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10788. [PMID: 37445973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex cell state that can occur during physiological ageing or after exposure to stress signals, regardless of age. It is a dynamic process that continuously evolves in a context-dependent manner. Senescent cells interact with their microenvironment by producing a heterogenous and plastic secretome referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Hence, understanding the cross-talk between SASP and the microenvironment can be challenging due to the complexity of signal exchanges. In this review, we first aim to update the definition of senescence and its associated biomarkers from its discovery to the present day. We detail the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of SASP at multiple levels and develop how SASP can orchestrate microenvironment modifications, by focusing on extracellular matrix modifications, neighboring cells' fate, and intercellular communications. We present hypotheses on how these microenvironmental events may affect dynamic changes in SASP composition in return. Finally, we discuss the various existing approaches to targeting SASP and clarify what is currently known about the biological effects of these modified SASPs on the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Giroud
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Pasteur Institute of Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Inès Bouriez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Hugo Paulus
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Albin Pourtier
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Pasteur Institute of Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Pasteur Institute of Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
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12
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Kleissl L, Weinmüllner R, Lämmermann I, Dingelmaier-Hovorka R, Jafarmadar M, El Ghalbzouri A, Stary G, Grillari J, Dellago H. PRPF19 modulates morphology and growth behavior in a cell culture model of human skin. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1154005. [PMID: 37214773 PMCID: PMC10196211 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The skin provides one of the most visual aging transformations in humans, and premature aging as a consequence of oxidative stress and DNA damage is a frequently seen effect. Cells of the human skin are continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging factors, which can cause DNA damage in all phases of the cell cycle. Increased levels of DNA damage and/or defective DNA repair can, therefore, accelerate the aging process and/or lead to age-related diseases like cancer. It is not yet clear if enhanced activity of DNA repair factors could increase the life or health span of human skin cells. In previous studies, we identified and characterized the human senescence evasion factor (SNEV)/pre-mRNA-processing factor (PRPF) 19 as a multitalented protein involved in mRNA splicing, DNA repair pathways and lifespan regulation. Here, we show that overexpression of PRPF19 in human dermal fibroblasts leads to a morphological change, reminiscent of juvenile, papillary fibroblasts, despite simultaneous expression of senescence markers. Moreover, conditioned media of this subpopulation showed a positive effect on keratinocyte repopulation of wounded areas. Taken together, these findings indicate that PRPF19 promotes cell viability and slows down the aging process in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kleissl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmüllner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Stary
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Dellago
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sochorová M, Kremslehner C, Nagelreiter I, Ferrara F, Lisicin MM, Narzt M, Bauer C, Stiegler A, Golabi B, Vávrová K, Gruber F. Deletion of NRF2 disturbs composition, morphology, and differentiation of the murine tail epidermis in chronological aging. Biofactors 2023; 49:684-698. [PMID: 36772996 PMCID: PMC10946746 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
NRF2 is a master regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative damage in mammals and of multiple pathways relevant in the mammalian aging process. In the epidermis of the skin NRF2 contributes additionally to the formation of an antioxidant barrier to protect from environmental insults and is involved in the differentiation process of keratinocytes. In chronological aging of skin, the capacity for antioxidant responses and the ability to restore homeostasis after damage are impaired. Surprisingly, in absence of extrinsic stressors, NRF2 deficient mice do not show any obvious skin phenotype, not even at old age. We investigated the differences in chronological epidermal aging of wild type and NRF2-deficient mice to identify the changes in aged epidermis that may compensate for absence of this important transcriptional regulator. While both genotypes showed elevated epidermal senescence markers (increased Lysophospholipids, decreased LaminB1 expression), the aged NRF2 deficient mice displayed disturbed epidermal differentiation manifested in irregular keratin 10 and loricrin expression. The tail skin displayed less age-related epidermal thinning and a less pronounced decline in proliferating basal epidermal cells compared to the wildtype controls. The stratum corneum lipid composition also differed, as we observed elevated production of barrier protective linoleic acid (C18:2) and reduced abundance of longer chain saturated lignoceric acid (C24:0) among the stratum corneum fatty acids in the aged NRF2-deficient mice. Thus, despite epidermal differentiation being disturbed in aged NRF2-deficient animals in homeostasis, adaptations in keratinocyte proliferation and barrier lipid synthesis could explain the lack of a more severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sochorová
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | | | | | - Christina Bauer
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katerina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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14
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Wan J, Liao Z, Dong B, Jiang S, Lei T. Targeting senescent dermal fibroblasts responsible for hyperactive melanocytes in melasma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023:00029330-990000000-00549. [PMID: 37057732 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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15
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Nosrati F, Grillari J, Azarnia M, Nabiuni M, Moghadasali R, Karimzadeh L, Lämmermann I. The expression of fibrosis-related genes is elevated in doxorubicin-induced senescent human dermal fibroblasts, but their secretome does not trigger a paracrine fibrotic response in non-senescent cells. Biogerontology 2023; 24:293-301. [PMID: 36648709 PMCID: PMC10006027 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is associated with the aging process of most of our organs, and organ aging correlates with the chronic accumulation of senescent cells. Fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts proliferate and deposit pathological amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to progressive tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. Fibroblasts play a key role in fibrosis, especially in the skin where fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type in the dermis and are mainly responsible for the synthesis of ECM. This study aims to investigate how senescent fibroblasts and their secretome influence dermal fibrosis. Here we used human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated with doxorubicin (doxo) to induce senescence. The senescent phenotype of these stress-induced premature senescent (SIPS) cells was confirmed with several markers. The expression of pro-fibrotic genes was quantified and finally, the impact of their secretome on the fibrotic response of non-senescent fibroblasts was assessed. Doxorubicin treatment, induced senescence in fibroblasts which has been confirmed with elevated senescence-associated β- galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, absence of BrdU incorporation, upregulation of p21, and loss of Lamin b1. Expression levels of the pro-fibrotic genes ACTA2 and FN1 increased in SIPS cells, but in contrast to studies using lung fibroblasts the secretome of these cells failed to induce a paracrine fibrotic response in non-senescent cells. In general, these results suggest that these senescent cells are potentially profibrotic, and their accumulation can trigger fibrosis in organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Nosrati
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mahnaz Azarnia
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latifeh Karimzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Rockfish Bio AG, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Takaya K, Asou T, Kishi K. Identification of Apolipoprotein D as a Dermal Fibroblast Marker of Human Aging for Development of Skin Rejuvenation Therapy. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:42-50. [PMID: 36571249 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of skin aging is that senescent fibroblasts accumulate within the dermis and subcutaneous fat to cause abnormal tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix dysfunction, triggering a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). A novel therapeutic approach to prevent skin aging is to specifically eliminate senescent dermal fibroblasts; this requires the identification of specific protein markers for senescent cells. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidant responses and is abundantly expressed in tissues affected by age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. However, its behavior and role in skin aging remain unclear. In this study, we examined whether ApoD functions as a marker of aging using human dermal fibroblast aging models. In cellular senescence models induced through replicative aging and ionizing radiation exposure, ApoD expression was upregulated at the gene and protein levels and correlated with senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the decreased uptake of the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine, which was concomitant with the upregulation of SASP genes. Furthermore, ApoD-positive cells were found to be more abundant in the aging human dermis using fluorescence flow cytometry. These results suggest that ApoD is a potential clinical marker for identifying aging dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Asou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Smythe P, Wilkinson HN. The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043950. [PMID: 36835363 PMCID: PMC9963692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as an important barrier against the harsh extrinsic environment. Alongside preventing desiccation, chemical damage and hypothermia, this barrier protects the body from invading pathogens through a sophisticated innate immune response and co-adapted consortium of commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota. These microorganisms inhabit distinct biogeographical regions dictated by skin physiology. Thus, it follows that perturbations to normal skin homeostasis, as occurs with ageing, diabetes and skin disease, can cause microbial dysbiosis and increase infection risk. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in skin microbiome research, highlighting pertinent links between skin ageing, the microbiome and cutaneous repair. Moreover, we address gaps in current knowledge and highlight key areas requiring further exploration. Future advances in this field could revolutionise the way we treat microbial dysbiosis associated with skin ageing and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisleigh Smythe
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Holly N. Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Correspondence:
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18
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Damiani T, Bonciarelli S, Thallinger GG, Koehler N, Krettler CA, Salihoğlu AK, Korf A, Pauling JK, Pluskal T, Ni Z, Goracci L. Software and Computational Tools for LC-MS-Based Epilipidomics: Challenges and Solutions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:287-303. [PMID: 36625108 PMCID: PMC9835057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tito Damiani
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Bonciarelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gerhard G. Thallinger
- Institute
of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria,
| | - Nikolai Koehler
- LipiTUM,
Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, Technical
University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Arif K. Salihoğlu
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ansgar Korf
- Bruker Daltonics
GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstraße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Josch K. Pauling
- LipiTUM,
Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, Technical
University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Center of
Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy,
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy,
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19
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Gruber F, Ogrodnik M. This Old Neighborhood Made M1 this Way. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3131-3132. [PMID: 36182528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Christian Doppler Laboratory for Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence of the Skin (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Chen J, Deng JC, Zemans RL, Bahmed K, Kosmider B, Zhang M, Peters-Golden M, Goldstein DR. Age-induced prostaglandin E 2 impairs mitochondrial fitness and increases mortality to influenza infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6759. [PMID: 36351902 PMCID: PMC9643978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs the immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV), resulting in increased mortality to IAV infections in older adults. However, the factors within the aged lung that compromise host defense to IAV remain unknown. Using a murine model and human samples, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as such a factor. Senescent type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are overproducers of PGE2 within the aged lung. PGE2 impairs the proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs), critical cells for defense against respiratory pathogens, via reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and mitophagy. Importantly, blockade of the PGE2 receptor EP2 in aged mice improves AM mitochondrial function, increases AM numbers and enhances survival to IAV infection. In conclusion, our study reveals a key mechanism that compromises host defense to IAV, and possibly other respiratory infections, with aging and suggests potential new therapeutic or preventative avenues to protect against viral respiratory disease in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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21
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Wahlmueller M, Narzt MS, Missfeldt K, Arminger V, Krasensky A, Lämmermann I, Schaedl B, Mairhofer M, Suessner S, Wolbank S, Priglinger E. Establishment of In Vitro Models by Stress-Induced Premature Senescence for Characterizing the Stromal Vascular Niche in Human Adipose Tissue. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101459. [PMID: 36294893 PMCID: PMC9605485 DOI: 10.3390/life12101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting as the largest energy reservoir in the body, adipose tissue is involved in longevity and progression of age-related metabolic dysfunction. Here, cellular senescence plays a central role in the generation of a pro-inflammatory environment and in the evolution of chronic diseases. Within the complexity of a tissue, identification and targeting of senescent cells is hampered by their heterogeneity. In this study, we generated stress-induced premature senescence 2D and 3D in vitro models for the stromal vascular niche of human adipose tissue. We established treatment conditions for senescence induction using Doxorubicin (Dox), starting from adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which we adapted to freshly isolated microtissue-stromal vascular fraction (MT-SVF), where cells are embedded within their native extracellular matrix. Senescence hallmarks for the established in vitro models were verified on different cellular levels, including morphology, cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-βgal) and gene expression. Two subsequent exposures with 200 nM Dox for six days were suitable to induce senescence in our in vitro models. We demonstrated induction of senescence in the 2D in vitro models through SA-βgal activity, at the mRNA level (LMNB1, CDK1, p21) and additionally by G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in ASCs. Significant differences in Lamin B1 and p21 protein expression confirmed senescence in our MT-SVF 3D model. MT-SVF 3D cultures were composed of multiple cell types, including CD31, CD34 and CD68 positive cells, while cell death remained unaltered upon senescence induction. As heterogeneity and complexity of adipose tissue senescence is given by multiple cell types, our established senescence models that represent the perivascular niche embedded within its native extracellular matrix are highly relevant for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Wahlmueller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- MorphoMed GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- MorphoMed GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Missfeldt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Arminger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Krasensky
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Rockfish Bio AG, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schaedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mairhofer
- Department of Hematology and Internal Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Susanne Suessner
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- MorphoMed GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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22
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Nanić L, Cedilak A, Vidaček NŠ, Gruber F, Huzak M, Bader M, Rubelj I. In Vivo Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing Using Cell Micro-Transplantation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091955. [PMID: 36145701 PMCID: PMC9501230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues alters tissue homeostasis and affects wound healing. It is also considered to be the main contributing factor to aging. In addition to losing their ability to divide, senescent cells exert detrimental effects on surrounding tissues through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). They also affect stem cells and their niche, reducing their capacity to divide which increasingly reduces tissue regenerative capacity over time. The aim of our study was to restore aged skin by increasing the fraction of young cells in vivo using a young cell micro-transplantation technique on Fischer 344 rats. Employing the same technique, we also used wild-type skin fibroblasts and stem cells in order to heal Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bulosa (DDEB) wounds and skin blistering. Results: We demonstrate that implantation of young fibroblasts restores cell density, revitalizes cell proliferation in the dermis and epidermis, rejuvenates collagen I and III matrices, and boosts epidermal stem cell proliferation in rats with advancing age. We were also able to reduce blistering in DDEB rats by transplantation of skin stem cells but not skin fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our intervention proves that a local increase of young cells in the dermis changes tissue homeostasis well enough to revitalize the stem cell niche, ensuring overall skin restoration and rejuvenation as well as healing DDEB skin. Our method has great potential for clinical applications in skin aging, as well as for the treatment of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nanić
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cedilak
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Škrobot Vidaček
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miljenko Huzak
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zhou M, Li C, Han X, Yu B, Yan XZ, Zhang Y, Yang XJ. Lipidomic analysis reveals altered lipid profiles of gingival tissues with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1192-1202. [PMID: 35924763 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of lipids in periodontitis has not been well studied. Thus, this study aimed to explore periodontitis-associated lipid profile changes and identify differentially expressed lipid metabolites in gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissues from 38 patients with periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 38 periodontally healthy individuals (control group) were collected. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based non-targeted metabolomics platform was used to identify and compare the lipid profiles of the two groups. The distribution and expression of related proteins were subsequently analyzed via immunohistochemistry to further validate the identified lipids. RESULTS Lipid profiles significantly differed between the two groups, and 20 differentially expressed lipid species were identified. Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), diacylglycerols (DGs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) were significantly upregulated, while triacylglycerols (TGs) were downregulated in the periodontitis group. Moreover, the staining intensity of ABHD5/CGI-58, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and sPLA2-IIA was significantly stronger in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis than in those of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS LysoPCs, DGs, and PEs were significantly upregulated, whereas TGs were downregulated in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. Correspondingly, the immunohistochemical staining of ABHD5/CGI-58, sPLA2, and sPLA2-IIA in gingival tissues was consistent with the downstream production of lipid classes (lysoPCs, TGs, and DGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Han
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Yu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Yan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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24
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Mosca S, Ottaviani M, Briganti S, Cardinali G, Filoni A, Cameli N, Zaccarini M, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M. Sebocytes contribute to melasma onset. iScience 2022; 25:103871. [PMID: 35252805 PMCID: PMC8891974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a hyperpigmentary disorder with photoaging features, whose manifestations appear on specific face areas, rich in sebaceous glands (SGs). To explore the SGs possible contribution to the onset, the expression of pro-melanogenic and inflammatory factors from the SZ95 SG cell line exposed to single or repetitive ultraviolet (UVA) radiation was evaluated. UVA up-modulated the long-lasting production of α-MSH, EDN1, b-FGF, SCF, inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Irradiated SZ95 sebocyte conditioned media increased pigmentation in melanocytes and the expression of senescence markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors regulating melanogenesis in fibroblasts cultures. Cocultures experiments with skin explants confirmed the role of sebocytes on melanogenesis promotion. The analysis on sebum collected from melasma patients demonstrated that in vivo sebocytes from lesional areas express the UVA-activated pathways markers observed in vitro. Our results indicate sebocytes as one of the actors in melasma pathogenesis, inducing prolonged skin cell stimulation, contributing to localized dermal aging and hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Hamsanathan S, Gurkar AU. Lipids as Regulators of Cellular Senescence. Front Physiol 2022; 13:796850. [PMID: 35370799 PMCID: PMC8965560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.796850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are key macromolecules that perform a multitude of biological functions ranging from maintaining structural integrity of membranes, energy storage, to signaling molecules. Unsurprisingly, variations in lipid composition and its levels can influence the functional and physiological state of the cell and its milieu. Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest and is a hallmark of the aging process, as well as several age-related pathologies. Senescent cells are often characterized by alterations in morphology, metabolism, chromatin remodeling and exhibit a complex pro-inflammatory secretome (SASP). Recent studies have shown that the regulation of specific lipid species play a critical role in senescence. Indeed, some lipid species even contribute to the low-grade inflammation associated with SASP. Many protein regulators of senescence have been well characterized and are associated with lipid metabolism. However, the link between critical regulators of cellular senescence and senescence-associated lipid changes is yet to be elucidated. Here we systematically review the current knowledge on lipid metabolism and dynamics of cellular lipid content during senescence. We focus on the roles of major players of senescence in regulating lipid metabolism. Finally, we explore the future prospects of lipid research in senescence and its potential to be targeted as senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Hamsanathan
- Aging Institute of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aditi U. Gurkar
- Aging Institute of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Aditi U. Gurkar,
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26
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Liu RF, Hu L, Wu JN, Wang JX, Wang XY, Liu ZY, Zhao QD, Li WJ, Song XD, Xiao JH. Changes in tumor suppressors and inflammatory responses during hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in rat fibroblasts. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:77-89. [PMID: 35109720 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2037582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and senescence are processes induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to establish a cellular model of rapid proliferation and senescence of rat tail-tip fibroblasts by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), a well-known oxidant. On this basis, changes in oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell cycle of fibroblasts were studied. After H2O2 treatment, cell counting and flow cytometry results showed that 50μM of H2O2 for 12h and 100μM for 8h effectively promoted fibroblast proliferation, while 500μM rapidly led to cell cycle arrest. In addition, stimulation with H2O2 at a concentration of 50μM also promoted the inflammatory effects of the cells. At a concentration of 100μM H2O2, the cellular antioxidant system began to collapse at 8h and began to affect cellular activity. 500μM of H2O2 at 4h the levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a marker of senescence and oxidative stress, were almost positive in fibroblasts. In addition, we found that the risk of fibroblasts carcinogenesis increased with increased H2O2 stimulation. The results of this study indicate that H2O2 can cause rapid proliferation and senescence of fibroblasts and that its mechanism of action may be mainly through influencing cellular antioxidant systems, cellular inflammatory responses and cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lan- Hu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun-Nan Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi-Da Zhao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu-Dong Song
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xiao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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27
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Sharma R, Diwan B, Sharma A, Witkowski JM. Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components. Biogerontology 2022; 23:699-729. [PMID: 36261747 PMCID: PMC9581456 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging is strongly associated with the observable deleterious effects of human aging. Our understanding of the causes, effects, and therapeutics of aging immune cells has long been considered within the sole purview of immunosenescence. However, it is being progressively realized that immunosenescence may not be the only determinant of immunological aging. The cellular senescence-centric theory of aging proposes a more fundamental and specific role of immune cells in regulating senescent cell (SC) burden in aging tissues that has augmented the notion of senescence immunotherapy. Now, in addition, several emerging studies are suggesting that cellular senescence itself may be prevalent in aging immune cells, and that senescent immune cells exhibiting characteristic markers of cellular senescence, similar to non-leucocyte cells, could be among the key drivers of various facets of physiological aging. The present review integrates the current knowledge related to immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells per se, and aims at providing a cohesive overview of these two phenomena and their significance in immunity and aging. We present evidence and rationalize that understanding the extent and impact of cellular senescence in immune cells vis-à-vis immunosenescence is necessary for truly comprehending the notion of an 'aged immune cell'. In addition, we also discuss the emerging significance of dietary factors such as phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria, fatty acids, and micronutrients as possible modulators of immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Evidence and opportunities related to nutritional bioactive components and immunological aging have been deliberated to augment potential nutrition-oriented immunotherapy during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- grid.464631.20000 0004 1775 3615Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037 India
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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28
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Sochorová M, Vávrová K, Fedorova M, Ni Z, Slenter D, Kutmon M, Willighagen EL, Letsiou S, Töröcsik D, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Zoratto S, Kremslehner C, Gruber F. Research Techniques Made Simple: Lipidomic Analysis in Skin Research. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:4-11.e1. [PMID: 34924150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although lipids are crucial molecules for cell structure, metabolism, and signaling in most organs, they have additional specific functions in the skin. Lipids are required for the maintenance and regulation of the epidermal barrier, physical properties of the skin, and defense against microbes. Analysis of the lipidome-the totality of lipids-is of similar complexity to those of proteomics or other omics, with lipid structures ranging from simple, linear, to highly complex structures. In addition, the ordering and chemical modifications of lipids have consequences on their biological function, especially in the skin. Recent advances in analytic capability (usually with mass spectrometry), bioinformatic processing, and integration with other dermatological big data have allowed researchers to increasingly understand the roles of specific lipid species in skin biology. In this paper, we review the techniques used to analyze skin lipidomics and epilipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sochorová
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Slenter
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Egon L Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Töröcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuele Zoratto
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Csekes E, Račková L. Skin Aging, Cellular Senescence and Natural Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12641. [PMID: 34884444 PMCID: PMC8657738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate with age and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Natural polyphenols exert many health benefits, including ameliorative effects on skin aging. By affecting molecular pathways of senescence, polyphenols are able to prevent or delay the senescence formation and, consequently, avoid or ameliorate aging and age-associated pathologies of the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in skin aging and cellular senescence, and to summarize the recent in vitro studies related to the anti-senescent mechanisms of natural polyphenols carried out on keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Aged skin in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Csekes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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30
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Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Mosieniak G. A common signature of cellular senescence; does it exist? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101458. [PMID: 34500043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response, which can be evoked in all type of somatic cells by different stimuli. Senescent cells accumulate in the body and participate in aging and aging-related diseases mainly by their secretory activity, commonly known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype-SASP. Senescence is typically described as cell cycle arrest. This definition stems from the original observation concerning limited cell division potential of human fibroblasts in vitro. At present, the process of cell senescence is attributed also to cancer cells and to non-proliferating post-mitotic cells. Many cellular signaling pathways and specific and unspecific markers contribute to the complex, dynamic and heterogeneous phenotype of senescent cells. Considering the diversity of cells that can undergo senescence upon different inducers and variety of mechanisms involved in the execution of this process, we ask if there is a common signature of cell senescence. It seems that cell cycle arrest in G0, G1 or G2 is indispensable for cell senescence; however, to ensure irreversibility of divisions, the exit from the cell cycle to the state, which we call a GS (Gero Stage), is necessary. The DNA damage, changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin rearrangement are involved in signaling pathways leading to altered gene transcription and secretion of SASP components. Thus, nuclear changes and SASP are vital features of cell senescence that, together with temporal arrest in the cell cycle (G1 or/and G2), which may be followed by polyploidisation/depolyploidisation or exit from the cell cycle leading to permanent proliferation arrest (GS), define the signature of cellular senescence.
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31
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Pils V, Ring N, Valdivieso K, Lämmermann I, Gruber F, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Ogrodnik M. Promises and challenges of senolytics in skin regeneration, pathology and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111588. [PMID: 34678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The research of the last two decades has defined a crucial role of cellular senescence in both the physiology and pathology of skin, and senescent cells have been detected in conditions including development, regeneration, aging, and disease. The pathophysiology of cellular senescence in skin is complex as the phenotype of senescence pertains to several different cell types including fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes, among others. Paradoxically, the transient presence of senescent cells is believed to be beneficial in the context of development and wound healing, while the chronic presence of senescent cells is detrimental in the context of aging, diseases, and chronic wounds, which afflict predominantly the elderly. Identifying strategies to prevent senescence induction or reduce senescent burden in the skin could broadly benefit the aging population. Senolytics, drugs known to specifically eliminate senescent cells while preserving non-senescent cells, are being intensively studied for use in the clinical setting. Here, we review recent research on skin senescence, on the methods for the detection of senescent cells and describe promises and challenges related to the application of senolytic drugs. This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Ring
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Valdivieso
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannnes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Sharma R. Perspectives on the dynamic implications of cellular senescence and immunosenescence on macrophage aging biology. Biogerontology 2021; 22:571-587. [PMID: 34490541 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An intricate relationship between impaired immune functions and the age-related accumulation of tissue senescent cells is rapidly emerging. The immune system is unique as it undergoes mutually inclusive and deleterious processes of immunosenescence and cellular senescence with advancing age. While factors inducing immunosenescence and cellular senescence may be shared, however, both these processes are fundamentally different which holistically influence the aging immune system. Our understanding of the biological impact of immunosenescence is relatively well-understood, but such knowledge regarding cellular senescence in immune cells, especially in the innate immune cells such as macrophages, is only beginning to be elucidated. Tissue-resident macrophages are long-lived, and while functioning in tissue-specific and niche-specific microenvironments, senescence in macrophages can be directly influenced by senescent host cells which may impact organismal aging. In addition, evidence of age-associated immunometabolic changes as drivers of altered macrophage phenotype and functions such as inflamm-aging is also emerging. The present review describes the emerging impact of cellular senescence vis-à-vis immunosenescence in aging macrophages, its biological relevance with other senescent non-immune cells, and known immunometabolic regulators. Gaps in our present knowledge, as well as strategies aimed at understanding cellular senescence and its therapeutics in the context of macrophages, have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
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33
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Rossiter H, Copic D, Direder M, Gruber F, Zoratto S, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Kremslehner C, Sochorová M, Nagelreiter IM, Mlitz V, Buchberger M, Lengauer B, Golabi B, Sukseree S, Mildner M, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Autophagy protects murine preputial glands against premature aging, and controls their sebum phospholipid and pheromone profile. Autophagy 2021; 18:1005-1019. [PMID: 34491140 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1966716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preputial glands are large lipid and hormone secreting sebaceous organs of mice, and present a convenient model for the investigation of biological processes in sebocytes. Suppression of ATG7-dependent macroautophagy/autophagy in epithelial cells of murine skin causes enlargement of hair follicle-associated sebaceous glands and alters the lipid profile of sebum. We have now extended these studies to the preputial glands and find that autophagy significantly delays the onset of age-related ductal ectasia, influences lipid droplet morphology and contributes to the complete dissolution of the mature sebocytes during holocrine secretion. Single cell RNA sequencing showed that many genes involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response were downregulated in immature and mature epithelial cells of ATG7-deficient glands. When analyzing the lipid composition of control and mutant glands, we found that levels of all phospholipid classes, except choline plasmalogen, were decreased in the mutant glands, with a concomitant accumulation of diacyl glycerides. Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) demonstrated that phospholipid species, specifically the dominant phosphatidylcholine (PC 34:1), were decreased in immature and mature sebocytes. In addition, we found a strong reduction in the amounts of the pheromone, palmityl acetate. Thus, autophagy in the preputial gland is not only important for homeostasis of the gland as a whole and an orderly breakdown of cells during holocrine secretion, but also regulates phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as pheromone production.AbbreviationsATG7: autophagy related 7; BODIPY: boron dipyrromethene; DAG: diacyl glycerides; DBI: diazepam binding inhibitor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; KRT14: keratin 14; HPLC-MS: high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MSI: mass spectrometric imaging; ORO: Oil Red O; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PG: preputial gland; PLIN2: perilipin 2; PtdIns: phosphatidylinositol; PL: phospholipids; POPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC; PS: phosphatidylserine; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcribed PCR; SG: sebaceous gland; scRNAseq: single-cell RNA sequencing; TAG: triacylglycerides; TLC: thin layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragan Copic
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuele Zoratto
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Michaela Sochorová
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela-Mariana Nagelreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Lengauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Supawadee Sukseree
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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34
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Gruber F, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Kremslehner C, Schosserer M. The Skin Epilipidome in Stress, Aging, and Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607076. [PMID: 33551998 PMCID: PMC7859619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are highly diverse biomolecules crucial for the formation and function of cellular membranes, for metabolism, and for cellular signaling. In the mammalian skin, lipids additionally serve for the formation of the epidermal barrier and as surface lipids, together regulating permeability, physical properties, acidification and the antimicrobial defense. Recent advances in accuracy and specificity of mass spectrometry have allowed studying enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications of lipids-the epilipidome-multiplying the known diversity of molecules in this class. As the skin is an organ that is frequently exposed to oxidative-, chemical- and thermal stress, and to injury and inflammation, it is an ideal organ to study epilipidome dynamics, their causes, and their biological consequences. Recent studies uncover loss or gain in biological function resulting from either specific modifications or the sum of the modifications of lipids. These studies suggest an important role for the epilipidome in stress responses and immune regulation in the skin. In this minireview we provide a short survey of the recent developments on causes and consequences of epilipidomic changes in the skin or in cell types that reside in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Florian Gruber,
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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