1
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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Bioactive lipids in the skin barrier mediate its functionality in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108681. [PMID: 38897295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our skin protects us from external threats including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens and chemicals, and prevents excessive trans-epidermal water loss. These varied activities are reliant on a vast array of lipids, many of which are unique to skin, and that support physical, microbiological and immunological barriers. The cutaneous physical barrier is dependent on a specific lipid matrix that surrounds terminally-differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. Sebum- and keratinocyte-derived lipids cover the skin's surface and support and regulate the skin microbiota. Meanwhile, lipids signal between resident and infiltrating cutaneous immune cells, driving inflammation and its resolution in response to pathogens and other threats. Lipids of particular importance include ceramides, which are crucial for stratum corneum lipid matrix formation and therefore physical barrier functionality, fatty acids, which contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface and regulate the microbiota, as well as the stratum corneum lipid matrix, and bioactive metabolites of these fatty acids, involved in cell signalling, inflammation, and numerous other cutaneous processes. These diverse and complex lipids maintain homeostasis in healthy skin, and are implicated in many cutaneous diseases, as well as unrelated systemic conditions with skin manifestations, and processes such as ageing. Lipids also contribute to the gut-skin axis, signalling between the two barrier sites. Therefore, skin lipids provide a valuable resource for exploration of healthy cutaneous processes, local and systemic disease development and progression, and accessible biomarker discovery for systemic disease, as well as an opportunity to fully understand the relationship between the host and the skin microbiota. Investigation of skin lipids could provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and help identify new targets for interventions. Development and improvement of existing in vitro and in silico approaches to explore the cutaneous lipidome, as well as advances in skin lipidomics technologies, will facilitate ongoing progress in skin lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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2
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3199-3225. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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3
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Liu F, Deng M, Li J, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Lv L, Li Y, Du H, Zhang C, Li J, Wang B. Silk fibroin biohydrogel composites for loading and ordered release of multiple active ingredients with enhanced bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133251. [PMID: 38945708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive hydrogels are currently receiving significant attention. In this study, silk fibroin tyramine-modified gelatin hydrogels (SF-TG) with varying degrees of tyramine root substitution were explored. The physicochemical property and biocompatibility of low degree of substitution tyramine-modified gelatin hydrogel (SF-LTG) and high degree of substitution tyramine-modified gelatin hydrogel (SF-HTG) were compared. The results showed that SF-LTG possessed better mechanical property and higher biocompatibility. Thus, SF-LTG was selected as a bioactive matrix and loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); subsequently, curcumin-coupled chitosan rods (CCCRs-EGF) enriched with epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added to obtain SF-LTG-bFGF@CCCRs-EGF hydrogels. The results showed that SF-LTG-bFGF@CCCRs-EGF retained the basic structural and mechanical properties of the SF-LTG matrix gel material and underwent multiple loading and orderly release with different activities while displaying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-cellular proliferation activities and orderly regulation of activity during wound healing. Therefore, the SF-LTG-bFGF@CCCRs-EGF hydrogel is of great value in healing complex wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312451, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312451, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yefeng Deng
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lianpeng Lv
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yichang Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Du
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junting Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312451, China.
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4
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Zhai S, Chen L, Liu H, Wang M, Xue J, Zhao X, Jiang H. Skin barrier: new therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus - a narrative review. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38855995 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The current incidence of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is approximately 70%, especially in those receiving dialysis, which negatively affects their work and private lives. The CKD-aP pathogenesis remains unclear, but uremic toxin accumulation, histamine release, and opioid imbalance have been suggested to lead to CKD-aP. Current therapeutic approaches, such as opioid receptor modulators, antihistamines, and ultraviolet B irradiation, are associated with some limitations and adverse effects. The skin barrier is the first defense in preventing external injury to the body. Patients with chronic kidney disease often experience itch due to the damaged skin barrier and reduced secretion of sweat and secretion from sebaceous glands. Surprisingly, skin barrier-repairing agents repair the skin barrier and inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, maintain skin immunity, and ameliorate the micro-inflammatory status of afferent nerve fibers. Here, we summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment status of CKD-aP and explore the possibility of skin barrier repair in CKD-aP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Zhai
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Central for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Xue
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Central for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dwivedi A, Mazumder A, Pullmannová P, Paraskevopoulou A, Opálka L, Kováčik A, Macháček M, Jančálková P, Svačinová P, Peterlik H, Maixner J, Vávrová K. Lipid Monolayer on Cell Surface Protein Templates Functional Extracellular Lipid Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307793. [PMID: 38243890 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
When the ancestors of men moved from aquatic habitats to the drylands, their evolutionary strategy to restrict water loss is to seal the skin surface with lipids. It is unknown how these rigid ceramide-dominated lipids with densely packed chains squeeze through narrow extracellular spaces and how they assemble into their complex multilamellar architecture. Here it is shown that the human corneocyte lipid envelope, a monolayer of ultralong covalently bound lipids on the cell surface protein, templates the functional barrier assembly by partly fluidizing and rearranging the free extracellular lipids in its vicinity during the sculpting of a functional skin lipid barrier. The lipid envelope also maintains the fluidity of the extracellular lipids during mechanical stress. This local lipid fluidization does not compromise the permeability barrier. The results provide new testable hypotheses about epidermal homeostasis and the pathophysiology underlying diseases with impaired lipid binding to corneocytes, such as congenital ichthyosis. In a broader sense, this lipoprotein-mediated fluidization of rigid (sphingo)lipid patches may also be relevant to lipid rafts and cellular signaling events and inspire new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Dwivedi
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Anisha Mazumder
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pullmannová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Paraskevopoulou
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jančálková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Svačinová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Herwig Peterlik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Maixner
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 50005, Czech Republic
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6
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Paraskevopoulos G, Fandrei F, Kumar Pratihast A, Paraskevopoulou A, Panoutsopoulou E, Opálka L, Singh Mithu V, Huster D, Vávrová K. Effects of imidazolium ionic liquids on skin barrier lipids - Perspectives for drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:449-462. [PMID: 38183811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have great potential to facilitate transdermal and topical drug delivery. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of amphiphilic ILs 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide (C8MIM) and 3-dodecyl-1-methylimidazolium bromide (C12MIM) in skin barrier lipid models in comparison to their complex effects in human skin. C8MIM incorporated in a skin lipid model was a better permeation enhancer than C12MIM for water and model drugs, theophylline and diclofenac. Solid state 2H NMR and X-ray diffraction indicated that both ILs prefer the cholesterol-rich regions in skin lipids without significantly perturbing their lamellar arrangement and that C8MIM induces the formation of an isotropic lipid phase to a greater extent compared to C12MIM. C12MIM applied topically to the lipid model or human skin as a pretreatment was more potent than C8MIM. When co-applied with the drugs to human skin, aqueous C12MIM was more potent than C8MIM in enhancing theophylline permeation, but neither IL affected (even decreased) diclofenac permeation. Thus, the IL's ability to permeabilize skin lipid barrier is strongly modulated by its ability to reach the site of action and its interactions with drug and solvent. Such an interplay is far from trivial and requires detailed investigation to realize the full potential of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraskevopoulos
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ferdinand Fandrei
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ajit Kumar Pratihast
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Paraskevopoulou
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eleni Panoutsopoulou
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Wang Q, Liang X, Shen L, Xu H, Wang Z, Redshaw C, Zhang Q. Double Cross-Linked Hydrogel Dressings Based on Triblock Copolymers Bearing Antifreezing, Antidrying, and Inherent Antibacterial Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:388-399. [PMID: 38149581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections typically invade the living tissue of wounds, thereby aggravating the inflammatory response, delaying wound healing, or causing further complications. In this paper, the antibacterial hydrogel (PNVBA) with antifreezing and antidrying properties was prepared by a two-step method using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (VBIMBr), and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA). PNVBA hydrogels exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 280 mg·g-1 for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and can adhere to the surface of different materials through ion-dipole or hydrogen-bonding interactions. Meanwhile, the PNVBA hydrogels exhibited high viscoelasticity and good adhesion after freezing at -20 °C or heating at 70 °C for 24 h with a sterilizing rate of up to 98% against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, a survival rate of up to 90% after incubation with L929 cells over 24 h was observed. Therefore, this inherent antibacterial hydrogel can be used as an excellent alternative material for wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull Hu6 7RX, U.K
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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8
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Jančálková P, Kopečná M, Kurka M, Kováčik A, Opálka L, Sagrafena I, Vávrová K. Skin Barrier Fine Tuning through Low-Temperature Lipid Chain Transition. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2427-2435.e3. [PMID: 37394058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The lipids in the mammalian stratum corneum (SC) adopt an unusually rigid arrangement to form a vital barrier preventing water loss and harmful environmental impacts. Just above the physiological temperature, a subset of barrier lipids undergoes a phase transition from a very tight orthorhombic to a looser hexagonal arrangement and vice versa. The purpose of this lipid transition in skin physiology is unknown. Permeability experiments on isolated human SC indicated that the transition affects the activation energy for a model compound that prefers lateral movement along lipid layers but not for water or a large polymer that would cross the SC through the pore pathway. The orthorhombic phase content of SC lipids, as determined by infrared spectroscopy, was also modulated by (de)hydration. Spontaneous rearrangement of human SC lipid monolayers into 10 nm higher multilamellar islets at 32-37 °C but not at room temperature was revealed by atomic force microscopy. Our findings add to our knowledge of fundamental skin physiology suggesting a fine temperature- and hydration-controlled switch from fluid lipids (required for lipid barrier assembly) to rigid and tightly packed lipids in the mature SC (necessary for the water and permeability barriers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Jančálková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kopečná
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kurka
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Sagrafena
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Catalán V, Castro M, Cabrera R, Silva-Pinto V, Castro A, Lecaros C. Paleodermatology: Dermatoscopic findings of "Niño del Plomo" an Incan mummy in Chile. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 42:74-77. [PMID: 38156100 PMCID: PMC10753061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Catalán
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Castro
- National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Morphology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Cabrera
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Silva-Pinto
- National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile
- Doctoral Programme in Mediterranean Geography and History from Prehistory and Modern Age, Early Modern History Department, Faculty of History and Geography, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alex Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Lecaros
- Dermatology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Wlaschek M, Singh K, Maity P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. The skin of the naked mole-rat and its resilience against aging and cancer. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 216:111887. [PMID: 37993056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) Heterocephalus glaber (from the Greek/latin words ἕτερος, heteros = divergent, κεφαλή, kephalē = head and glabra = hairless) was first described by Rüppell (Fig. 1) and belongs to the Hystricognath (from the Greek words ὕστριξ, hystrix = porcupine and γνάθος, gnathos = jaw) as a suborder of rodents. NMR are characterized by the highest longevity among rodents and reveal a profound cancer resistance. Details of its skin-specific protective and resistance mechanisms against aging and carcinogenesis have so far not been adequately characterized. Recently, our knowledge of NMR skin biology was complemented and expanded by published data using state-of-the art histological and molecular techniques. Here we review and integrate novel published data regarding skin morphology and histology of the aging NMR and the underlying mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. We relate this data to the longevity of the NMR and its resistance to neoplastic transformation and discuss further open questions to understand its extraordinary longevity. In addition, we will address the exposome, defined as "the total of all non-genetic, endogenous and exogenous environmental influences" on the skin, respiratory tract, stomach, and intestine. Finally, we will discuss in perspective further intriguing possibilities arising from the interaction of skin with other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Matsui T. Epidermal Barrier Development via Corneoptosis: A Unique Form of Cell Death in Stratum Granulosum Cells. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:43. [PMID: 38132711 PMCID: PMC10744242 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal development is responsible for the formation of the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis. The establishment of the epidermal barrier is a critical aspect of mammalian development. Proper formation of the epidermis, which is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, is essential for the survival of terrestrial vertebrates because it acts as a crucial protective barrier against external threats such as pathogens, toxins, and physical trauma. In mammals, epidermal development begins from the embryonic surface ectoderm, which gives rise to the basal layer of the epidermis. This layer undergoes a series of complex processes that lead to the formation of subsequent layers, including the stratum intermedium, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. The stratum corneum, which is the topmost layer of the epidermis, is formed by corneoptosis, a specialized form of cell death. This process involves the transformation of epidermal keratinocytes in the granular layer into flattened dead cells, which constitute the protective barrier. In this review, we focus on the intricate mechanisms that drive the development and establishment of the mammalian epidermis to gain insight into the complex processes that govern this vital biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsui
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Cell Biology of the Skin, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1, Katakura-cho, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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12
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Norlén L. Molecular Organization of the Skin Barrier. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv13356. [PMID: 37987626 PMCID: PMC10680981 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections allows for investigation directly in situ of the molecular architecture of skin. Recently, this technique has contributed to the elucidation of the molecular organization of the skin's permeability barrier and its stepwise formation process. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the procedure for cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections, its analysis using atomic detail molecular dynamics modelling and electron microscopy simulation, and its application in the investigation of the barrier structure and formation process of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Norlén
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Bouwstra JA, Nădăban A, Bras W, McCabe C, Bunge A, Gooris GS. The skin barrier: An extraordinary interface with an exceptional lipid organization. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101252. [PMID: 37666282 PMCID: PMC10841493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The barrier function of the skin is primarily located in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. The SC is composed of dead cells with highly organized lipid lamellae in the intercellular space. As the lipid matrix forms the only continuous pathway, the lipids play an important role in the permeation of compounds through the SC. The main lipid classes are ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Analysis of the SC lipid matrix is of crucial importance in understanding the skin barrier function, not only in healthy skin, but also in inflammatory skin diseases with an impaired skin barrier. In this review we provide i) a historical overview of the steps undertaken to obtain information on the lipid composition and organization in SC of healthy skin and inflammatory skin diseases, ii) information on the role CERs, CHOL and FFAs play in the lipid phase behavior of very complex lipid model systems and how this knowledge can be used to understand the deviation in lipid phase behavior in inflammatory skin diseases, iii) knowledge on the role of both, CER subclasses and chain length distribution, on lipid organization and lipid membrane permeability in complex and simple model systems with synthetic CERs, CHOL and FFAs, iv) similarity in lipid phase behavior in SC of different species and complex model systems, and vi) future directions in modulating lipid composition that is expected to improve the skin barrier in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreea Nădăban
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Clare McCabe
- School of Engineering & Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Annette Bunge
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Sutter CH, Azim S, Wang A, Bhuju J, Simpson AS, Uberoi A, Grice EA, Sutter TR. Ligand Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Upregulates Epidermal Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase and Glucosylceramides. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1964-1972.e4. [PMID: 37004877 PMCID: PMC10529782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Ligand activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) accelerates keratinocyte differentiation and the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier. Several classes of lipids, including ceramides, are critical to the epidermal permeability barrier. In normal human epidermal keratinocytes, the AHR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, increased RNA levels of ceramide metabolism and transport genes: uridine diphosphate glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG), ABCA12, GBA1, and SMPD1. Levels of abundant skin ceramides were also increased by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. These included the metabolites synthesized by UGCG, glucosylceramides, and acyl glucosylceramides. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence analysis and luciferase reporter assays identified UGCG as a direct AHR target. The AHR antagonist, GNF351, inhibited the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated RNA and transcriptional increases. Tapinarof, an AHR ligand approved for the treatment of psoriasis, increased UGCG RNA, protein, and its lipid metabolites hexosylceramides as well as increased the RNA expression of ABCA12, GBA1, and SMPD1. In Ahr-null mice, Ugcg RNA and hexosylceramides were lower than those in the wild type. These results indicate that the AHR regulates the expression of UGCG, a ceramide-metabolizing enzyme required for ceramide trafficking, keratinocyte differentiation, and epidermal permeability barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Hayes Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anyou Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jyoti Bhuju
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Sanegene Bio USA, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia S Simpson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aayushi Uberoi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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15
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Zou JX, Chua W, Ser Z, Wang SM, Chiang GSH, Sanmugam K, Tan BY, Sobota RM, Li H. Detection of Bacterial Neutral Ceramidase in Diabetic Foot Ulcers with an Optimized Substrate and Chemoenzymatic Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307553. [PMID: 37340712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Ceramidases (CDases) are important in controlling skin barrier integrity by regulating ceramide composition and affording downstream signal molecules. While the functions of epidermal CDases are known, roles of neutral CDases secreted by skin-residing microbes are undefined. Here, we developed a one-step fluorogenic substrate, S-B, for specific detection of bacterial CDase activity and inhibitor screening. We identified a non-hydrolyzable substrate mimic, C6, as the best hit. Based on C6, we designed a photoaffinity probe, JX-1, which efficiently detects bacterial CDases. Using JX-1, we identified endogenous low-abundance PaCDase in a P. aeruginosa monoculture and in a mixed skin bacteria culture. Harnessing both S-B and JX-1, we found that CDase activity positively correlates with the relative abundance of P. aeruginosa and is negatively associated with wound area reduction in clinical diabetic foot ulcer patient samples. Overall, our study demonstrates that bacterial CDases are important regulators of skin ceramides and potentially play a role in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xia Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wisely Chua
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zheng Ser
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Shi Mei Wang
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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16
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Ito Y, Amagai M. Dissecting skin microbiota and microenvironment for the development of therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 74:102311. [PMID: 37019058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a pivotal barrier between the human body and the environment, and is a habitat for numerous microorganisms. While host-microbiota interactions in the skin are essential for homeostasis, disturbances in microbial composition and the abnormal growth of certain bacteria are associated with various diseases. Here, we identify strains and communities of skin commensals that contribute to or impair skin barrier function. Furthermore, we discuss the skin microenvironments suitable for specific microbiota that exert therapeutic effects and suggest focus areas for the prospective development of therapeutic strategies using bacterial agents. Finally, we highlight recent efforts to treat skin diseases associated with live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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17
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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Current insights into skin lipids and their roles in cutaneous health and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:83-90. [PMID: 36574279 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The unique and complex array of cutaneous lipids include essential components of the skin structure and signalling molecules mediating homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding skin lipid biology and metabolism can support our comprehension of health and disease, including systemic conditions with cutaneous involvement. RECENT FINDINGS Lipids found on the skin surface, produced by both the host and resident microbes, maintain and regulate the skin microbiome and the epidermal barrier, whilst altered contributions from either source can be detrimental to skin health. The unique lipid composition of the epidermal barrier is essential for its function, and recent studies have expanded our understanding of epidermal ceramide production. This has been supported by improved models available for skin research, including organotypic skin models enabling in-vitro production of complex acylceramides for the first time, and model systems facilitating in-silico exploration of the lipid profile changes observed in clinical samples. Studies have revealed further involvement of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids in cutaneous inflammation, as well as immune regulation in both healthy and diseased skin. SUMMARY Skin lipids offer exciting opportunities as therapeutic targets for many conditions, whether through topical interventions or nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences
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18
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de Szalay S, Wertz PW. Protective Barriers Provided by the Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043145. [PMID: 36834554 PMCID: PMC9961209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and consists of an epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The skin surface area is often stated to be about 1.8 to 2 m2 and represents our interface with the environment; however, when one considers that microorganisms live in the hair follicles and can enter sweat ducts, the area that interacts with this aspect of the environment becomes about 25-30 m2. Although all layers of the skin, including the adipose tissue, participate in antimicrobial defense, this review will focus mainly on the role of the antimicrobial factors in the epidermis and at the skin surface. The outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is physically tough and chemically inert which protects against numerous environmental stresses. It provides a permeability barrier which is attributable to lipids in the intercellular spaces between the corneocytes. In addition to the permeability barrier, there is an innate antimicrobial barrier at the skin surface which involves antimicrobial lipids, peptides and proteins. The skin surface has a low surface pH and is poor in certain nutrients, which limits the range of microorganisms that can survive there. Melanin and trans-urocanic acid provide protection from UV radiation, and Langerhans cells in the epidermis are poised to monitor the local environment and to trigger an immune response as needed. Each of these protective barriers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Szalay
- Sarah de Szalay Consulting, LLC, Wesy Milford, NJ 07480, USA
| | - Philip W. Wertz
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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An J, Tsopmejio ISN, Wang Z, Li W. Review on Extraction, Modification, and Synthesis of Natural Peptides and Their Beneficial Effects on Skin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020908. [PMID: 36677965 PMCID: PMC9863410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, functional nutrients with a size between those of large proteins and small amino acids, are easily absorbed by the human body. Therefore, they are seeing increasing use in clinical medicine and have revealed immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which could make them effective in healing skin wounds. This review sorted and summarized the relevant literature about peptides during the past decade. Recent works on the extraction, modification and synthesis of peptides were reviewed. Importantly, the unique beneficial effects of peptides on the skin were extensively explored, providing ideas for the development and innovation of peptides and laying a knowledge foundation for the clinical application of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing An
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | | | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84533304 (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84533304 (W.L.)
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20
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Prado-Mantilla A, Lechler T. Polarity in skin development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:317-336. [PMID: 37100522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that forms the outermost layer of the skin. Its primary function is to act as a barrier, keeping pathogens and toxins out and moisture in. This physiological role has necessitated major differences in the organization and polarity of the tissue as compared to simple epithelia. We discuss four aspects of polarity in the epidermis - the distinctive polarities of basal progenitor cells as well as differentiated granular cells, the polarity of adhesions and the cytoskeleton across the tissue as keratinocytes differentiate, and the planar cell polarity of the tissue. These distinctive polarities are essential for the morphogenesis and the function of the epidermis and have also been implicated in regulating tumor formation.
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21
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González-Ramírez EJ, Etxaniz A, Alonso A, Goñi FM. Phase behaviour of C18-N-acyl sphingolipids, the prevalent species in human brain. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112855. [PMID: 36137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis of the N-acyl components of sphingolipids in different mammalian tissues had revealed that brain tissue differed from all the other samples in that SM contained mainly C18:0 and C24:1N-acyl chains, and that the most abundant Cer species was C18:0. Only in the nervous system was C18:0 found in sizable proportions. The high levels of C18:0 and C16:0, respectively in brain and non-brain SM, were important because SM is by far the most abundant sphingolipid in the plasma membrane. In view of these observations, the present paper is devoted to a comparative study of the properties of C16:0 and C18:0 sphingolipids (SM and Cer) pure and in mixtures of increasing complexities, using differential scanning calorimetry, confocal microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles, and correlative fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy of supported lipid bilayers. Membrane rigidity was measured by force spectroscopy. It was found that in mixtures containing dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, i.e. representing the lipids predominant in the outer monolayer of cell membranes, lateral inhomogeneities occurred, with the formation of rigid domains within a continuous fluid phase. Inclusion of saturated Cer in the system was always found to increase the rigidity of the segregated domains. C18:0-based sphingolipids exhibit hydrocarbon chain-length asymmetry, and some singularities observed with this N-acyl chain, e.g. complex calorimetric endotherms, could be attributed to this property. Moreover, C18:0-based sphingolipids, that are typical of the excitable cells, were less miscible with the fluid phase than their C16:0 counterparts. The results could be interpreted as suggesting that the predominance of C18:0 Cer in the nervous system would contribute to the tightness of its plasma membranes, thus facilitating maintenance of the ion gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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22
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Lundborg M, Wennberg C, Lidmar J, Hess B, Lindahl E, Norlén L. Skin permeability prediction with MD simulation sampling spatial and alchemical reaction coordinates. Biophys J 2022; 121:3837-3849. [PMID: 36104960 PMCID: PMC9674988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular-level understanding of skin permeation may rationalize and streamline product development, and improve quality and control, of transdermal and topical drug delivery systems. It may also facilitate toxicity and safety assessment of cosmetics and skin care products. Here, we present new molecular dynamics simulation approaches that make it possible to efficiently sample the free energy and local diffusion coefficient across the skin's barrier structure to predict skin permeability and the effects of chemical penetration enhancers. In particular, we introduce a new approach to use two-dimensional reaction coordinates in the accelerated weight histogram method, where we combine sampling along spatial coordinates with an alchemical perturbation virtual coordinate. We present predicted properties for 20 permeants, and demonstrate how our approach improves correlation with ex vivo/in vitro skin permeation data. For the compounds included in this study, the obtained log KPexp-calc mean square difference was 0.9 cm2 h-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Lidmar
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berk Hess
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; Department of Physics, Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Norlén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Nădăban A, Gooris GS, Beddoes CM, Dalgliesh RM, Bouwstra JA. Phytosphingosine ceramide mainly localizes in the central layer of the unique lamellar phase of skin lipid model systems. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100258. [PMID: 35931203 PMCID: PMC9421324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the lipid arrangement within the skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC), is important for advancing knowledge on the skin barrier function. The SC lipid matrix consists of ceramides (CERs), cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which form unique crystalline lamellar phases, referred to as the long periodicity phase (LPP) and short periodicity phases. As the SC lipid composition is complex, lipid model systems that mimic the properties of native SC are used to study the SC lipid organization and molecular arrangement. In previous studies, such lipid models were used to determine the molecular organization in the trilayer structure of the LPP unit cell. The aim of this study was to examine the location of CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine (CER NP) in the unit cell of this lamellar phase and compare its position with CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (CER NS). We selected CER NP as it is the most prevalent CER subclass in the human SC, and its location in the LPP is not known. Our neutron diffraction results demonstrate that the acyl chain of CER NP was positioned in the central part of the trilayer structure, with a fraction also present in the outer layers, the same location as determined for the acyl chain of CER NS. In addition, our Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy results are in agreement with this molecular arrangement, suggesting a linear arrangement for the CER NS and CER NP. These findings provide more detailed insight into the lipid organization in the SC lipid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nădăban
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Beddoes
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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Zhang Q, Zhang M, Wang T, Chen X, Li Q, Zhao X. Preparation of aloe polysaccharide/honey/PVA composite hydrogel: Antibacterial activity and promoting wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:249-258. [PMID: 35568151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a moist and sterile environment is conducive to accelerating wound healing. To develop a natural wound dressing with good water retention capacity and antibacterial activity, we prepared a novel natural multifunctional hydrogel for infected wound healing, which combines the advantages of Aloe polysaccharide (AP) and honey. AP was extracted from Aloe barbadensis, and its structure was characterized by fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. AP is an acetylated mannan composed of (1 → 4)β-Manp, which is acetylated at C-2, C-3 and C-6 positions. AP/Honey@PVA hydrogel was prepared by cross-linking AP, honey, PVA with borax, which has good mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility for blood cells, NIH-3T3 cells and L929 cells. The hydrogels showed significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, as well as accelerated the healing of infected full-thickness wound. This study reveals the structure of AP and proves that AP and honey composite hydrogel has potential application prospect in the therapy of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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