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Zhu R, Yao X, Li W. Langerhans cells and skin immune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250280. [PMID: 39030782 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the key antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis in normal conditions and respond differentially to environmental and/or endogenous stimuli, exerting either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Current knowledge about LCs mainly originates from studies utilizing mouse models, whereas with the development of single-cell techniques, there has been significant progress for human LCs, which has updated our understanding of the phenotype, ontogeny, differentiation regulation, and function of LCs. In this review, we delineated the progress of human LCs and summarized LCs' function in inflammatory skin diseases, providing new ideas for precise regulation of LC function in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection and Immunity, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department, of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Briot J, Pons C, Foucher A, Goudounèche D, Gaudenzio N, Donovan M, Bernard D, Méchin MC, Simon M. Prolyl Endopeptidase Is Involved in Filaggrinolysis and Cornification. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00435-4. [PMID: 38879153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
FLG is a well-known biomarker of atopic dermatitis and skin dryness. Its full proteolysis (or filaggrinolysis) produces the major constituents of the natural moisturizing factor. Some proteases/peptidases remain to be identified in this multistep process. Mining 16 omics analyses, we identified prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) as a candidate peptidase. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal analysis demonstrated its localization in the granular and deep cornified layers, where it colocalized with FLG. Tandem mass spectroscopy and fluorescent quenching activity assays showed that PREP cleaved several synthetic peptides derived from the FLG sequence, at the carboxyl side of an internal proline. Deimination of these peptides increased PREP enzymatic efficiency. Specific inhibition of PREP in reconstructed human epidermis using benzyloxycarbonyl-pro-prolinal induced the accumulation of FLG monomers. Downregulation of PREP expression in reconstructed human epidermis using RNA interference confirmed the impact of PREP on FLG metabolism and highlighted a more general role of PREP in keratinocyte differentiation. Indeed, quantitative global proteomic, western blotting, and RT-qPCR analyses showed a strong reduction in the expression of bleomycin hydrolase, known to be involved in filaggrinolysis, and of several other actors of cornification such as loricrin. Consequently, at the functional level, the transepidermal electric resistance was drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Briot
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Pons
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Foucher
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France; Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark Donovan
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Marie-Claire Méchin
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Simon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France.
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Macrophage Functions in Psoriasis: Lessons from Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5306. [PMID: 38791342 PMCID: PMC11121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic autoimmune/autoinflammatory disease that can be well studied in established mouse models. Skin-resident macrophages are classified into epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal macrophages and are involved in innate immunity, orchestration of adaptive immunity, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis due to their ability to constantly shift their phenotype and adapt to the current microenvironment. Consequently, both macrophage populations play dual roles in psoriasis. In some circumstances, pro-inflammatory activated macrophages and Langerhans cells trigger psoriatic inflammation, while in other cases their anti-inflammatory stimulation results in amelioration of the disease. These features make macrophages interesting candidates for modern therapeutic strategies. Owing to the significant progress in knowledge, our review article summarizes current achievements and indicates future research directions to better understand the function of macrophages in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
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Korhonen E. Inflammasome activation in response to aberrations of cellular homeostasis in epithelial cells from human cornea and retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 281:3-68. [PMID: 38386419 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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Chan AA, Tran PT, Lee DJ. Quantitative Aggregation of Microbiome Sequencing Data Provides Insights into the Associations between the Skin Microbiome and Psoriasis. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100249. [PMID: 38282647 PMCID: PMC10810833 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although prior studies have reported distinct skin microbiome profiles associated with psoriasis, differences in methods and analyses limit generalizable conclusions. Individual studies have actually reported conflicting findings; for example, Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus have been significantly associated with both psoriatic lesions and healthy skin. Qualitative reviews have attempted to summarize this body of work, but there is great variability across the studies' findings and methods. To better unify these data, we created a meta-analysis of all publicly available datasets by utilizing a uniform bioinformatics pipeline and reference database to investigate associations of the skin microbiome in psoriasis. A total of 977 skin swab samples (341 lesional, 295 nonlesional, and 341 healthy) from 6 studies were analyzed. The aggregated analysis revealed a higher relative abundance of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium simulans, among others, from patients with psoriasis than those from healthy swab samples; in addition, Cutibacterium acnes, Lawsonella unclassified, and S warneri were significantly higher in healthy samples. Furthermore, comparison of functional pathways predicted from 16S gene markers showed that L-ornithine biosynthesis and L-histidine biosynthesis were lower in psoriatic lesions than in healthy controls. Taken together, this meta-analysis allows for a more generalizable association between the skin microbiome and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick T Tran
- Division of Dermatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Delphine J Lee
- The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Takaya K, Asou T, Kishi K. Development of a Novel Senolysis Approach Targeting the Senescent Fibroblast Marker HTR2A via Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:147-158. [PMID: 37345689 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal remodeling of collagen and extracellular matrix caused by the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts in the dermis is the most likely cause of skin aging. Therefore, the application of "senolysis," in which only senescent cells are cleared from the body, has a potential in the development of antiaging treatments for skin. However, markers that label senescent fibroblasts only reflect the state of senescence, and it is important to develop markers as therapeutic targets to aid senolysis application. We investigated the potential of serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A), which is involved in melanin production in response to ultraviolet light, as a senescent cell marker. The results showed that HTR2A is upregulated in aging dermal fibroblasts but is expressed at low levels in proliferating young cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated the presence of many HTR2A-positive cells in the aging cell population and few in the young cells. Furthermore, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assays revealed that HTR2A preferentially sensitizes senescent fibroblasts and specifically damages only senescent cells by natural killer cells that recognize it. In conclusion, selective labeling of the novel senescent cell marker, HTR2A, could preferentially eliminate senescent cells and may contribute to the future development of novel skin senolysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Asou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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