1
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Kolipaka T, Khairnar P, Phatale V, Pandey G, Famta P, Shah S, Asthana A, Nanduri S, Raghuvanshi RS, Srivastava S. Multifaceted roles of pollen in the management of cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123278. [PMID: 37516214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery of microparticles demonstrates shortcomings like aggregation, decreased loading capacity and batch-to-batch variation, which limits its scale-up. Later, porous structures gained attention because of their large surface-to-volume ratio, high loading capacity and ability to carry biomacromolecules, which undergo degradation in GIT. But there are pitfalls like non-uniform particle size distribution, the impact of porogen properties, and harsh chemicals. To circumvent these drawbacks, natural carriers like pollen are explored in drug delivery, which withstands harsh environments. This property helps to subdue the acid-sensitive drug in GIT. It shows uniform particle size distribution within the species. On the other side, they contain phytoconstituents like flavonoids and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological applications. Therefore, pollen has the capability as a carrier system and therapeutic agent. This review focuses on pollen's microstructure, composition and utility in cancer management. The extraction strategies, characterisation techniques and chemical structure of sporopollenin exine capsule, its use in the oral delivery of antineoplastic drugs, and emerging cancer treatments like photothermal therapy, immunotherapy and microrobots have been highlighted. We have mentioned a note on the anticancer activity of pollen extract. Further, we have summarised the regulatory perspective, bottlenecks and way forward associated with pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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2
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Khann B, Polpanich D, Opaprakasit P, Wongngam Y, Thananukul K, Kaewsaneha C. Fabrication of Sacha Inchi Oil-Loaded Microcapsules Employing Natural-Templated Lycopodium clavatum Spores and Their Pressure-Stimuli Release Behavior. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20937-20948. [PMID: 37323417 PMCID: PMC10268288 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric particles have attracted vast attention for use in various fields, especially as drug carriers and cosmetics, due to their excellent ability to protect active ingredients from the environment until reaching a target site. However, these materials are commonly produced from conventional synthetic polymers, which impose adverse effects on the environment due to their non-degradable nature, leading to waste accumulation and pollution in the ecosystem. This work aims to utilize naturally occurring Lycopodium clavatum spores to encapsulate sacha inchi oil (SIO), which contains active compounds with antioxidant activity, by applying a facile passive loading/solvent diffusion-assisted method. Sequential chemical treatments by acetone, potassium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid were employed to remove native biomolecules from the spores before encapsulation effectively. These are mild and facile processes compared to other synthetic polymeric materials. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the clean, intact, and ready-to-use microcapsule spores. After the treatments, the structural morphology of the treated spores remained significantly unchanged compared to the untreated counterparts. With an oil/spore ratio of 0.75:1.00 (SIO@spore-0.75), high encapsulation efficiency and capacity loading values of 51.2 and 29.3%, respectively, were obtained. Using antioxidant assay (DPPH), the IC50 of SIO@spore-0.75 was 5.25 ± 3.04 mg/mL, similar to that of pure SIO (5.51 ± 0.31 mg/mL). Under pressure stimuli (1990 N/cm3, equivalent to a gentle press), a high amount of SIO was released (82%) from the microcapsules within 3 min. At an incubation time of 24 h, cytotoxicity tests showed a high cell viability of 88% at the highest concentration of the microcapsules (10 mg/mL), reflecting biocompatibility. The prepared microcapsules have a high potential for cosmetic applications, especially as functional scrub beads in facial washing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunthoeurn Khann
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National
Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Yodsathorn Wongngam
- National
Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kamonchanok Thananukul
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Chariya Kaewsaneha
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn
International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
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3
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Zhao D, Li Y, Zhang Z, Xu T, Ye C, Shi T, Wang Y. Extraordinary microcarriers derived from spores and pollens. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1121-1139. [PMID: 36637068 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spores and pollens refer to the reproductive cells of seed plants and asexually reproducing sporophytes, exhibiting a natural core-shell structure and exquisite surface morphology. They possess extraordinary dimensional homogeneity, porosity, amphiphilicity and adhesion. Their sporopollenin exine layer endows them with chemically stable, UV resistant, and biocompatible properties, which can also be facilely functionalized due to sufficient groups on the surface. The unique characteristics of spores and pollens have facilitated a wide range of applications in drug carriers, biological imaging, food science, microrobotics, environmental purification, flexible electronics, cell scaffolds, 3D printing materials and biological detection. This review showcases the common structural composition and physicochemical properties of spores and pollens, describes the extraction and processing methods, and summarizes the recent research on their applications in various fields. Following these sections, this review analyzes the existing challenges in spores and pollen research and provides a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danshan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Tianqiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Yuetong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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4
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Kerienė I, Šaulienė I, Šukienė L, Judžentienė A, Ligor M, Buszewski B. Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in Betula and Pinus Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:356. [PMID: 36679068 PMCID: PMC9865354 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the pollen of anemophilous Betula and Pinus were determined. Spectrophotometric, high-performance thin-layer and liquid chromatography methods were applied. Free phenolic compounds (free PC) and phenolic compounds bound to the cell wall (bound PC) were analysed in the pollen extracts. Regardless of the pollen species, their content was 20% higher than that in bound PC extracts. Pinus pollen extracts contained 2.5 times less phenolic compounds compared to Betula. Free PC extraction from the deeper layers of Pinus pollen was minimal; the same content of phenolic compounds was obtained in both types of extracts. The bioactivity of pollen (p < 0.05) is related to the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Betula free PC and in bound PC, and only in free PC extracts of Pinus. Rutin, chlorogenic and trans-ferulic acids were characterised by antioxidant activity. Phenolic acids accounted for 70−94%, while rutin constituted 2−3% of the total amount in the extracts. One of the dominant phenolic acids was trans-ferulic acid in all the Betula and Pinus samples. The specific compounds were vanillic and chlorogenic acids of Betula pollen extracts, while Pinus extracts contained gallic acid. The data obtained for the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Betula and Pinus pollen can be useful for modelling food chains in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kerienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Laura Šukienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania
| | - Asta Judžentienė
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
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5
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Spore exines increase vitamin D clinical bioavailability by mucoadhesion and bile triggered release. J Control Release 2022; 350:244-255. [PMID: 35973473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are microcapsules derived from the outer shells (exines) of plant spore and pollen grains. This work reports the first clinical study on healthy volunteers to show enhanced bioavailability of vitamin D encapsulated in SpECs from Lycopodium clavatum L. spore grains vs vitamin D alone, and the first evidence (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) of mechanisms to account for the enhancement and release of the active in the small intestine. Evidence for mucoadhesion of the SpECs contributing to the mechanism of the enhancement is based on: (i) release profile over time of vitamin D in a double blind cross-over human study showing significant release in the small intestine; (ii) in vivo particle counting data in rat showing preferred retention of SpECs vs synthetic beads; (iii) ex vivo99mTc labelling and counting data using rat small intestine sections showing preferred retention of SpECs vs synthetic beads; (iv) in vitro mucoadhesion data. Triggered release by bile in the small intestine was shown in vitro using solid state NMR and HPLC.
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6
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Atalay FE, Culum AA, Kaya H, Gokturk G, Yigit E. Different Plant Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Their Multifunctional Usage. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1348-1360. [PMID: 35201750 PMCID: PMC8941510 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) are highly resistant to heat and various acids and bases. They are also cheap, highly porous, eco-friendly polymer biomaterials with stable microencapsulation capacity. Due to their strong and uniquely shaped exine layers, they can allow growth on metal oxide materials, as a biotemplate for use in different applications. In this study, first, a single SEC extraction method was applied to three different pollens from Pinus, Fraxinus excelsior, and Tilia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) measurements both before and after the extraction process were performed to observe changes in surface area, morphology, porous structure, and degradation properties. The protein content and removal were analyzed by elemental and spectrophotometric analyses. Then, SECs were loaded by passive and centrifuge loading for drug delivery, and the loading capacities were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. The method was successful in opening the pores and maintaining the structural integrity of SECs. It was determined that the morphology and porosity affected the encapsulation efficiency. According to the loading capacities, Tilia SECs were the most efficient SECs for both loading methods. In addition, three different SECs were hydrothermally coated with cobalt and then heat-treated to obtain a metal oxide structure. A CO3O4 supercapacitor electrode constructed using CO3O4-F. excelsior SEC powder had the best surface area parameters. The electrode showed a maximum specific capacity of 473 F/g for over 3000 continuous cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Ersoy Atalay
- Department of Physics, The Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Asiye Culum
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44210 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44210 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gunay Gokturk
- Department of Physics, The Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emel Yigit
- Department of Biology, The Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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7
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Cojocaru R, Mannix O, Capron M, Miller CG, Jouneau PH, Gallet B, Falconet D, Pacureanu A, Stukins S. A biological nanofoam: The wall of coniferous bisaccate pollen. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabd0892. [PMID: 35138906 PMCID: PMC8827650 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The outer layer of the pollen grain, the exine, plays a key role in the survival of terrestrial plant life. However, the exine structure in different groups of plants remains enigmatic. Here, modern and fossil coniferous bisaccate pollen were examined to investigate the detailed three-dimensional structure and properties of the pollen wall. X-ray nanotomography and volume electron microscopy are used to provide high-resolution imagery, revealing a solid nanofoam structure. Atomic force microscopy measurements were used to compare the pollen wall with other natural and synthetic foams and to demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the wall in this type of pollen are retained for millions of years in fossil specimens. The microscopic structure of this robust biological material has potential applications in materials sciences and also contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary success of conifers and other plants over geological time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Cojocaru
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Oonagh Mannix
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Capron
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
- Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter, ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Giles Miller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Benoit Gallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stephen Stukins
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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8
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Design of sporopollenin-based functional ingredients for gastrointestinal tract targeted delivery. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Zarzycki PK, Lewandowska L, Fenert B, Piaskowski K, Kobaka J. Investigation of Hybrid Methods for Elimination of Brilliant Blue Dye from Water Phase Using Various Nanomaterials Combined with Activated Sludge and Duckweed. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1747. [PMID: 34361133 PMCID: PMC8308175 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this experimental work is screening of different natural and synthetic nanomaterials and biopolymers that may improve elimination of stable micropollutants from water phase. In this work, as a target chemical acting as the micropollutant molecule, the Brilliant Blue (BB) dye was selected. We tested different active matrices dispersed in water phase including activated carbon (AC), lyophilized graphene oxide (GO), β-cyclodextrin (CD), raw dandelion pappus (DP), microcrystalline cellulose(MC), and raw pine pollen (PP), as well as two types of Egyptian Blue mineral pigments (EB1 and EB2). Graphene oxide and Egyptian Blue nanomaterials were synthesized in our laboratory. We investigated potential application of such nanoparticles and biopolymer conglomerates as additives that may tune the activated sludge (AS) microorganisms or duckweed water plant (DW) and increase efficiency of micropollutants removal from wastewater. Studied nanomaterials/biopolymers were used in two different experimental modes involving real activated sludge microorganisms (24 h experiment) as well as duckweed plant (16 day experiment). Quantitative data of BB were obtained using microfluidic type device based on micro-TLC plate. This approach enabled direct determination of target component without sample pre-treatment like pre-concentration or pre-purification. Within single analytical run calibration line, retention standard spots (methyl red) and multiple samples were analyzed simultaneously. Due to the multivariate nature of these experiments, quantitative data were explored with chemometric tools including AHC (agglomerative hierarchical clustering), PCA (principal component analysis), and FA (factor analysis). Experimental data and multivariate calculations revealed that BB is strongly resistant on biodegradation, however, inclusion complexes formation with β-cyclodextrinmay induce degradation of this dye in the presence of duckweed. It is hoped that results of our experimental work can be used for designing of future experiments for fast screening of different additives and improvement of technological processes, focusing on purification of sewage and water from micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (L.L.); (B.F.); (K.P.)
| | - Lucyna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (L.L.); (B.F.); (K.P.)
| | - Bożena Fenert
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (L.L.); (B.F.); (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Piaskowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (L.L.); (B.F.); (K.P.)
| | - Janusz Kobaka
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
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10
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Wu D, Liang Y, Pei Y, Li B, Liang H. Plant exine capsules based encapsulation strategy: A high loading and long-term effective delivery system for nobiletin. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108691. [PMID: 31882107 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The properties of high loading capacity and long-term absorption are of great significance in the field of nutraceuticals or drugs delivery. Herein, we developed an innovative method to achieve these expected effects using plant exine capsules, a kind of natural pollen grains, which could provide large internal cavities for loading and robust exine against harsh conditions. In our work, we firstly made a soluble mixture of glycerol monostearate (GM) and nobiletin (NOB) inside the cavities of plant exine capsules by ultrasound with high temperature to obtain a supersaturated state of NOB, which could be characterized by XRD, DSC and FTIR. After that, the loaded capsules were cooled to room temperature. Alginate hydrogels were then selected for encapsulating and further controlling NOB release in simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. As a result, it demonstrated that our approach was able to reach an extremely high NOB loading capacity of 770 ± 40 mg/g using sunflower pollen grains (SPGs). Meanwhile, the existence of GM, SPGs and alginate hydrogels all retarded the release of the NOB synergistically, thus taking a slow release effect in the stomach while a long-term effective absorption in the intestine. Taken together, our processing method of encapsulating hydrophobic nutraceuticals provides an important insight for broadening the applications of nutraceutical or drug encapsulation and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youyan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaqiong Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China; Functional Food Engineering & Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China.
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11
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Deng Z, Pei Y, Wang S, Zhou B, Li J, Hou X, Li J, Li B, Liang H. Carboxymethylpachymaran entrapped plant-based hollow microcapsules for delivery and stabilization of β-galactosidase. Food Funct 2019; 10:4782-4791. [PMID: 31313784 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) as a dietary supplement can alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance. However, β-Gal is deactivated due to the highly acidic conditions and proteases in the digestive tract. In this work, β-Gal was encapsulated into L. clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) to fabricate an oral-controlled release system and increase the stability of β-Gal in the digestive tract. The SEC extraction process was optimized. A 3-hour vacuum loading was determined as the optimal loading time. Five different initial ratios of SECs : β-Gal were optimized with the maximum enzyme retention rate reaching 79.40 ± 1.96%. Furthermore, β-Gal-loaded SECs entrapped in carboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) could control the release of β-Gal under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGC). The optimal enzyme retention rate reached 65.33 ± 1.46% within 24 h under SGC. Collectively, these results indicated that the entrapped SECs could be used as an effective oral delivery vehicle of β-Gal to improve its performance as a dietary supplement in the digestion of lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Fan TF, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Ibrahim MS, Miyako E, Cho NJ. Species-Specific Biodegradation of Sporopollenin-Based Microcapsules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9626. [PMID: 31270392 PMCID: PMC6610089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporoderms, the outer layers of plant spores and pollen grains, are some of the most robust biomaterials in nature. In order to evaluate the potential of sporoderms in biomedical applications, we studied the biodegradation in simulated gastrointestinal fluid of sporoderm microcapsules (SDMCs) derived from four different plant species: lycopodium (Lycopodium clavatum L.), camellia (Camellia sinensis L.), cattail (Typha angustifolia L.), and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.). Dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to investigate the morphological characteristics of the capsules, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate their chemical properties. We found that SDMCs undergo bulk degradation in a species-dependent manner, with camellia SDMCs undergoing the most extensive degradation, and dandelion and lycopodium SDMCs being the most robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael G Potroz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Shahrudin Ibrahim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eijiro Miyako
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
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Prabhakar AK, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Jung H, Park JH, Cho NJ. Macromolecular Microencapsulation Using Pine Pollen: Loading Optimization and Controlled Release with Natural Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28428-28439. [PMID: 30048107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pine pollen offers an all-natural multicavity structure with dual hollow air sacs, providing ample cargo capacity available for compound loading. However, the pollen exhibits reduced permeability because of the presence of a thin natural water-proofing layer of lipidic compounds. Herein, we explore the potential for compound loading within pine pollen and the potential for developing all-natural formulations for targeted delivery to the intestinal tract. Removal of the surface-adhered lipidic compounds is shown to improve surface wetting, expose nanochannel structures in the outer pollen shell and enhance water uptake throughout the whole pollen structure. Optimization of loading parameters enabled effective compound loading within the outer pollen shell sexine structure, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) serving as a representative protein. All-natural oral delivery formulations for targeted intestinal delivery are developed based on tableting of BSA-loaded defatted pine pollen, with the incorporation of xanthan gum as a natural binder, or ionotropically cross-linked sodium alginate as an enteric coating. Looking forward, the large cargo capacity, ease of compound loading, competitive cost, abundant availability, and extensive historical usage as food and medicine make pine pollen an attractive microencapsulant for a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Prabhakar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Michael G Potroz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Haram Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , 637459 , Singapore
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Uddin MJ, Gill HS. From allergen to oral vaccine carrier: A new face of ragweed pollen. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:286-294. [PMID: 29729407 PMCID: PMC6223656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of vaccines is highly desirable, yet it has met with limited success. Previously we developed allergen-free pollen grains as a novel approach for oral vaccination. We showed that spores of Lycopodium clavatum can be used for oral vaccination. However, it is unknown if pollens of other species can be similarly used as an oral vaccine carrier. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated common ragweed (RW) pollen (Ambrosia elatior) for its oral vaccination potential. Allergen-free RW pollens were prepared from natural pollens through chemical treatment. Eight weekly oral doses of ovalbumin (OVA) formulated with treated RW generated strong systemic (anti-OVA IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) and mucosal (anti-OVA IgA) immune responses that sustained for at least three months after vaccination. Mucosal IgA against OVA was found in the lung lavage, feces, saliva, and vaginal secretion. Moreover, three and half months after the last immunization OVA-specific plasma cells were found in the bone marrow that actively secreted IgG and IgG1 antibodies. No IgE against RW-specific proteins was detected in the serum. Overall, RW pollen demonstrated potential for oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jasim Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Lee J, Park SJ, Park CS, Kwon OS, Chung SY, Shim J, Lee CS, Bae J. Effect of a Surfactant in Microcapsule Synthesis on Self-Healing Behavior of Capsule Embedded Polymeric Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E675. [PMID: 30966709 PMCID: PMC6404118 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in self-healing membranes containing functional microcapsules in relation to challenges involving water treatment membranes. In this study, a self-healing membrane has been prepared by incorporating microcapsules with a polyurethane (PU) shell and a diisocyanate core in a poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane. Depending on the characteristics of the microcapsule, to precisely quantify the self-healing behavior and performance of the produced microcapsule embedded membranes, it is important to understand the effect of a used surfactant on microcapsule synthesis. It is noteworthy that mixed surfactants have been employed to control and tailor the size and morphology of microcapsules during the synthetic process, and the surfactant system employed was one of the most dominant parameters for affecting the healing capability of microcapsule embedded membranes. Various techniques including microscopy (optical and electron), thermal analyses (DSC and TGA), and water flux measurements have been employed. This article provides essential and important information for future research into the subtle relation between microcapsule properties with varied synthetic parameters and the self-healing behavior of membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seon Joo Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Chul-Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - So Young Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
| | - Jongwon Shim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Nanobiotechnology (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST) 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Joonwon Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
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Corliss MK, Bok CK, Gillissen J, Potroz MG, Jung H, Tan EL, Mundargi RC, Cho NJ. Preserving the inflated structure of lyophilized sporopollenin exine capsules with polyethylene glycol osmolyte. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Fan T, Park JH, Pham QA, Tan EL, Mundargi RC, Potroz MG, Jung H, Cho NJ. Extraction of cage-like sporopollenin exine capsules from dandelion pollen grains. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6565. [PMID: 29700313 PMCID: PMC5920053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen-based microcapsules such as hollow sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) have emerged as excellent drug delivery and microencapsulation vehicles. To date, SECs have been extracted primarily from a wide range of natural pollen species possessing largely spherical geometries and uniform surface features. Nonetheless, exploring pollen species with more diverse architectural features could lead to new application possibilities. One promising class of candidates is dandelion pollen grains, which possess architecturally intricate, cage-like microstructures composed of robust sporopollenin biopolymers. Here, we report the successful extraction and macromolecular loading of dandelion SECs. Preservation of SEC morphology and successful removal of proteinaceous materials was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, elemental CHN analysis, dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Among the tested processing schemes, acidolysis using 85% (v/v) phosphoric acid refluxed at 70 °C for 5 hours yielded an optimal balance of intact particle yield, protein removal, and preservation of cage-like microstructure. For proof-of-concept loading, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was encapsulated within the dandelion SECs with high efficiency (32.23 ± 0.33%). Overall, our findings highlight how hollow microcapsules with diverse architectural features can be readily prepared and utilized from plant-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quynh Anh Pham
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raghavendra C Mundargi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael G Potroz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haram Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore, Singapore.
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