1
|
Zhao W, Hu X, Kong F, Tang J, Yan D, Wang J, Liu Y, Sun Y, Sheng R, Chen P. Progress in Research on White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Ultrathin Emitting Layers. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:626. [PMID: 38793199 PMCID: PMC11123088 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) hold vast prospects in the fields of next-generation displays and solid-state lighting. Ultrathin emitting layers (UEMLs) have become a research hotspot because of their unique advantage. On the basis of simplifying the device structure and preparation process, they can achieve electroluminescent performance comparable to that of doped devices. In this review, we first discuss the working principles and advantages of WOLEDs based on UEML architecture, which can achieve low cost and more flexibility by simplifying the device structure and preparation process. Subsequently, the successful applications of doping and non-doping technologies in fluorescent, phosphorescent, and hybrid WOLEDs combined with UEMLs are discussed, and the operation mechanisms of these WOLEDs are emphasized briefly. We firmly believe that this article will bring new hope for the development of UEML-based WOLEDs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhao
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Fankang Kong
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jihua Tang
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Duxv Yan
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jintao Wang
- Institute of Information Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yuru Liu
- Institute of Engineering Training Center, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yuanping Sun
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ren Sheng
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (W.Z.); (X.H.); (F.K.); (J.T.); (D.Y.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan S, Hu S, Wei B. Research on the High Light Out-Coupling Efficiency Deep-Blue Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diode through FDTD Optical Simulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1282. [PMID: 37049375 PMCID: PMC10097390 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We have studied high light out-coupling efficiency top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) under the guidance of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. TOLED achieves an extraordinarily high light extraction efficiency at 468 nm, in deep-blue regions, of 49.70%, which is approximately 3.5 times that of the bottom light-emitting diode (BOLED) by changing the thickness of the organic layer and the position of the light-emitting layer in the FDTD simulation. Based on the simulation results, the TOLED with ultrahigh efficiency and narrow full width at half maximum is successfully fabricated, and the maximum external quantum efficiency of TOLED is almost 3.3 times that of the BOLED, which is perfectly consistent with the FDTD simulation results. Meanwhile, the shift of the electroluminescence spectrum of the TOLED is restricted within 10° in the angular-dependence test (0° to 80°). The optimized performance of the OLED indicates a new method to develop a high-performance device under the guidance of simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saihu Pan
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Suhao Hu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moon J, Lee K, Park SK, Joo CW, Shin JW, Lee J, Han JH, Cho NS. Random wrinkle structures for spectrum preserved warm white organic light emitting diodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Chen ZY, Zhang RJ, Wang YP, Yin D, Liu YF, Bi YG, Feng J. Efficient and stretchable organic light-emitting devices based on spontaneously formed disordered wrinkles. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3744-3747. [PMID: 35913304 DOI: 10.1364/ol.462931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a facile, scalable strategy to introduce spontaneously formed disordered wrinkles into organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) to enhance light extraction and realize stretchability of the devices. The luminance and current efficiency of the wrinkled OLEDs are improved by 37% and 18%, respectively, compared to the planar device. Meanwhile, broadband light scattering induced by the disordered wrinkles results in angle-stable electroluminescent spectra at wide viewing angles for the wrinkled OLEDs. The disordered wrinkles enable the OLEDs to be stretchable and withstand hundreds of stretching-releasing cycles at strain between 0% and 5%. This study provides a simple method to realize stretchable OLEDs with high efficiency.
Collapse
|
5
|
Park Y, Choi HR, Jeon Y, Kim H, Shin JW, Huh CH, Park KC, Choi KC. Cell proliferation effect of deep-penetrating microcavity tandem NIR OLEDs with therapeutic trend analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10935. [PMID: 35768569 PMCID: PMC9243069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long wavelengths that can deeply penetrate into human skin are required to maximize therapeutic effects. Hence, various studies on near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) have been conducted, and they have been applied in numerous fields. This paper presents a microcavity tandem NIR OLED with narrow full-width half-maximum (FWHM) (34 nm), high radiant emittance (> 5 mW/cm2) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) (19.17%). Only a few papers have reported on biomedical applications using the entire wavelength range of the visible and NIR regions. In particular, no biomedical application studies have been reported in the full wavelength region using OLEDs. Therefore, it is worth researching the therapeutic effects of using OLED, a next-generation light source, and analyzing trends for cell proliferation effects. Cell proliferation effects were observed in certain wavelength regions when B, G, R, and NIR OLEDs were used to irradiate human fibroblasts. The results of an in-vitro experiment indicated that the overall tendency of wavelengths is similar to that of the cytochrome c oxidase absorption spectrum of human fibroblasts. This is the first paper to report trends in the cell proliferation effects in all wavelength regions using OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeong JC, Woo KY, Cho H, Cho YH, Cho NS, Yang SY, Moon J. Extracting internal modes of top emission organic light emitting diodes by using internal random mesoscopic wrinkles. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Dong C, Fu X, Cao L, Amoah S, Gundogdu K, Li J, So F. Multi-mode Organic Light-Emitting Diode to Suppress the Viewing Angle Dependence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31667-31676. [PMID: 32538607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A typical top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has a strong microcavity effect because of the two reflective electrodes. The cavity effect causes a serious color shift with the viewing angles and restricts the organic layer thickness. To overcome these drawbacks, we design a multi-mode OLED structure with dual-dielectric spacer layers, which extend the cavity length by more than 10 times. This design completely eliminates the intrinsic cavity effect caused by the top and bottom boundaries and provides freedom for the organic layer thickness. We demonstrate these effects in a white multi-mode OLED using a white emitter, which shows a negligible angular chromaticity shift of Δuv = 0.006 from 0 to 70° and a Lambertian emission profile. The simple design and the perfect angular color profiles make the multi-mode OLED structure promising in large-area displays and solid-state lighting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Linyu Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Stephen Amoah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taki K, Tsuda I, Yonemura Y. Double-Sided Nanowrinkle Structure for Anti-Glare Film Prepared by Controlling Inhibition Reactions of Radical Photopolymerization. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Taki
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa University
| | - Ikumi Tsuda
- School of Natural Systems, Kanazawa University
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spontaneously formed organic wrinkle structure for top-emitting organic light emitting diodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Xiao P, Huang J, Yu Y, Liu B. Recent Developments in Tandem White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Molecules 2019; 24:E151. [PMID: 30609748 PMCID: PMC6337303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are promising for the lighting and displays field since their current efficiency, external quantum efficiency and lifetime can be strikingly enhanced compared with single-unit devices. In this invited review, we have firstly described fundamental concepts of tandem device architectures and their use in WOLEDs. Then, we have summarized the state-of-the-art strategies to achieve high-performance tandem WOLEDs in recent years. Specifically, we have highlighted the developments in the four types of tandem WOLEDs (i.e., tandem fluorescent WOLEDs, tandem phosphorescent WOLEDs, tandem thermally activated delayed fluorescent WOLEDs, and tandem hybrid WOLEDs). Furthermore, we have introduced doping-free tandem WOLEDs. In the end, we have given an outlook for the future development of tandem WOLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Yicong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Baiquan Liu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellent for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|