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Zhang H, Wang J, Chen S. 220 V/50 Hz Compatible Bipolar Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2312334. [PMID: 38236142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alternating current (AC)-driven quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are superior to direct current-driven QLEDs because they can be directly integrated into household AC electricity and have high stability. However, achieving high-performance AC-driven QLEDs remains challenging. In this work, a bipolar QLED with coplanar electrodes is realized by horizontally connecting a regular QLED and an inverted QLED in series using an Al bridging layer. The bipolar QLED can be turned on with either a positive or a negative bias voltage, with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.9%. By replacing the Al with Ag, the resistances of the electron transport layers are effectively reduced, and thus the bipolar QLED shows an enhanced brightness of 16370 cd m-2 at 15 V. By connecting multiple bipolar QLEDs in series, the resulting light source can be directly driven by a 220 V/50 Hz household power supply without the need for back-end electronics. The bipolar QLED can also be realized by vertically stacking a regular QLED and an inverted QLED with a metallic intermediate connection layer. It is demonstrated that the coplanar or vertical bipolar QLEDs could find potential applications in household AC electricity play-and-plug solid-state lighting and single- or double-sided displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Bala F, Almekhlafi M, Singh N, Alhabli I, Ademola A, Coutts SB, Deschaintre Y, Khosravani H, Appireddy R, Moreau F, Phillips S, Gubitz G, Tkach A, Catanese L, Dowlatshahi D, Medvedev G, Mandzia J, Pikula A, Shankar J, Williams H, Field TS, Manosalva A, Siddiqui M, Zafar A, Imoukhoude O, Hunter G, Benali F, Horn M, Hill MD, Shamy M, Sajobi TT, Buck BH, Swartz RH, Menon BK, Poppe AY. Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase versus alteplase in stroke patients with carotid tandem lesions: Results from the AcT trial. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:322-330. [PMID: 37731173 PMCID: PMC10903116 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231205208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid tandem lesions ((TL) ⩾70% stenosis or occlusion) account for 15-20% of acute stroke with large vessel occlusion. AIMS We investigated the safety and efficacy of intravenous tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg) versus intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) in patients with carotid TL. METHODS This is a substudy of the alteplase compared with the tenecteplase trial. Patients with ⩾70% stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and concomitant occlusion of the intracranial ICA, M1 or M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery on baseline computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. Primary outcome was 90-day-modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1. Secondary outcomes were mRS 0-2, mortality, and symptomatic ICH (sICH). Angiographic outcomes were successful recanalization (revised Arterial Occlusive Lesion (rAOL) 2b-3) on first and successful reperfusion (eTICI 2b-3) on final angiographic acquisitions. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was performed. RESULTS Among 1577 alteplase versus tenecteplase randomized controlled trial (AcT) patients, 128 (18.8%) had carotid TL. Of these, 93 (72.7%) underwent intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular thrombectomy (IVT + EVT), while 35 (27.3%) were treated with IVT alone. In the IVT + EVT group, tenecteplase was associated with higher odds of 90-day-mRS 0-1 (46.0% vs. 32.6%, adjusted OR (aOR) 3.21; 95% CI = 1.06-9.71) compared with alteplase. No statistically significant differences in rates of mRS 0-2 (aOR 1.53; 95% CI = 0.51-4.55), initial rAOL 2b-3 (16.3% vs. 28.6%), final eTICI 2b-3 (83.7% vs. 85.7%), and mortality (18.0% vs. 16.3%) were found. SICH only occurred in one patient. There were no differences in outcomes between thrombolytic agents in the IVT-only group. CONCLUSION In patients with carotid TL treated with EVT, intravenous tenecteplase may be associated with similar or better clinical outcomes, similar angiographic reperfusion rates, and safety outcomes as compared with alteplase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzi Bala
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mohammed Almekhlafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nishita Singh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alhabli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ayoola Ademola
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yan Deschaintre
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Houman Khosravani
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramana Appireddy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Gord Gubitz
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Luciana Catanese
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George Medvedev
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Fraser Health Authority, New Westminster, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mandzia
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Pikula
- Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay Shankar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Thalia S Field
- Vancouver Stroke Program, Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Atif Zafar
- St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gary Hunter
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Faysal Benali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - MacKenzie Horn
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michel Shamy
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tolulope T Sajobi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian H Buck
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexandre Y Poppe
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Li S, Zheng Z, Ju J, Cheng S, Chen F, Xue Z, Ma L, Wang Z. A Generic Strategy to Stabilize Wide Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Tandem Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307701. [PMID: 38061761 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Efficient wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are essential for fully maximizing the potential of tandem solar cells. However, these cells currently face challenges such as high photovoltage losses and the presence of phase segregation, which impede the attainment of their expected efficiency and stability. Herein, the root cause of halide segregation is investigated, uncovering a close association with the presence of locally aggregated lead iodide (PbI2 ), particularly at the perovskite/C60 interface. Kelvin-probe atomic force microscopy results indicate that the remaining PbI2 at the interface leads to potential electrical differences between the domain surface and boundaries, which drives the formation of halide segregation. By reacting the surface PbI2 residue with ethanediamine dihydroiodide (EDAI2 ) at proper temperature, it is possible to effectively mitigate the phase segregation. By applying this surface reaction strategy in WBG inverted cells, a notable improvement of ≈100 mV is achieved in photovoltage over a wide range of WBG cells (1.67-1.78 eV), resulting in a champion efficiency of 23.1% (certified 22.95%) for 1.67 eV cells and 19.7% (certified 18.81%) for 1.75 eV cells. Furthermore, efficiency of 26.1% is demonstrated in a monolithic all-perovskite tandem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Jiaqi Ju
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Siyang Cheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zexu Xue
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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Han N, Ma L, Zhao L, Xu G, Jia Y, Wang H. The Dilator-Dotter technique can successfully treat tandem lesions of posterior circulation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37044. [PMID: 38277540 PMCID: PMC10817093 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied the Dilator-Dotter technique, a catheter-based angioplasty, to cross through severely stenotic or occluded vertebral arteries during mechanical thrombectomy, and we explored its efficacy and safety in treating tandem lesions of posterior circulation. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with acute stroke caused by tandem lesions of posterior circulation treated with the Dilator-Dotter technique and thrombectomy between July 2017 and December 2021. In addition to collecting clinical, radiographic, and procedural data from patient records, we also collected information about surgical complications and outcome. We enrolled 9 patients for this study. In all cases, the vertebral artery (VA) on the affected side was crossed through via the Dilator-Dotter technique, and mechanical thrombectomy was successfully performed. The average time from groin puncture to revascularization (TICI 2B-3) was 26 minutes (range 16-50 minutes). Eight patients (89%) achieved complete recanalization with TICI 3, and only 1 patient suffered from thrombus escape to the posterior cerebral artery. Eight patients underwent VA stenting, while the remaining patient was excluded from this procedure because a postoperative brain CT scan recorded obvious staining of the contrast medium within the infarcted area. Five patients had modified Rankin Scale scores ≤ 3 at the 3-month follow-up examination, and 2 patients died due to postoperative cerebral hemorrhage and severe ischemia. The Dilator-Dotter technique may represent a safe and effective treatment for tandem lesions of posterior circulation. Using this method, the lesions can be rapidly recanalized and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neurointerventional department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Neurointerventional department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Neurointerventional department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yangjuan Jia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neurology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Streby KA, Parisi MT, Shulkin BL, LaBarre B, Bagatell R, Diller L, Grupp SA, Matthay KK, Voss SD, Yu AL, London WB, Park JR, Yanik GA, Naranjo A. Impact of diagnostic and end-of-induction Curie scores with tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplants for metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30418. [PMID: 37199022 PMCID: PMC10511015 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic mIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scans are an integral component of response assessment in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. The role of end-of-induction (EOI) Curie scores (CS) was previously described in patients undergoing a single course of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) as consolidation therapy. OBJECTIVE We now examine the prognostic significance of CS in patients randomized to tandem HDC and AHCT on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) trial ANBL0532. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of mIBG scans obtained from patients enrolled in COG ANBL0532 was performed. Evaluable patients had mIBG-avid, International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4 disease, did not progress during induction therapy, consented to consolidation randomization, and received either single or tandem HDC (n = 80). Optimal CS cut points maximized the outcome difference (≤CS vs. >CS cut-off) according to the Youden index. RESULTS For recipients of tandem HDC, the optimal cut point at diagnosis was CS = 12, with superior event-free survival (EFS) from study enrollment for patients with CS ≤ 12 (3-year EFS 74.2% ± 7.9%) versus CS > 12 (59.2% ± 7.1%) (p = .002). At EOI, the optimal cut point was CS = 0, with superior EOI EFS for patients with CS = 0 (72.9% ± 6.4%) versus CS > 0 (46.5% ± 9.1%) (p = .002). CONCLUSION In the setting of tandem transplantation for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, CS at diagnosis and EOI may identify a more favorable patient group. Patients treated with tandem HDC who exhibited a CS ≤ 12 at diagnosis or CS = 0 at EOI had superior EFS compared to those with CS above these cut points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A. Streby
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marguerite T. Parisi
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Barry L. Shulkin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Adjunct Professor of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brian LaBarre
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics & Data Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Diller
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan A. Grupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephan D. Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice L. Yu
- University of California in San Diego, San Diego, California
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wendy B. London
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie R. Park
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory A. Yanik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics & Data Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Fernández-Gómez M, Gallo-Pineda F, Hidalgo-Barranco C, Castro-Luna G, Martínez-Sánchez P. Accuracy of Computed Tomography Angiography for Diagnosing Extracranial Mural Lesions in Patients with Acute Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Correlation with Digital Subtraction Angiography. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1169. [PMID: 37511782 PMCID: PMC10381416 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracranial carotid mural lesions (CML), caused by atherosclerosis or dissection, are frequently observed in acute internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, often requiring angioplasty or stenting. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in differentiating extracranial CML from thromboembolic etiology in acute ICA occlusion in patients eligible for endovascular treatment. Two neuroradiologists retrospectively studied patients with apparent extracranial ICA occlusion on CTA. Patients were divided into two groups: thromboembolism and CML, based on findings from CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). CTA sensitivity and specificity were calculated using DSA as the gold standard. Occlusive patterns and cervical segment widening were evaluated for atherosclerosis, dissection, and thromboembolism etiologies. CTA had a sensitivity of 84.91% (74.32-95.49%) and a specificity of 95.12% (87.31-100%) in detecting extracranial CML. Atherosclerosis was the most common cause, distinguishable with high accuracy using CTA (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in occlusive patterns between dissection and thromboembolism (p = 0.568). Cervical segment widening was only observed in dissection cases due to mural hematoma. Conclusions: CTA accurately differentiates extracranial CML from thromboembolic etiology in acute ICA occlusion. The pattern of the occlusion and the artery widening help to establish the location and the etiology of the occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Fernández-Gómez
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Félix Gallo-Pineda
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Carlos Hidalgo-Barranco
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Martínez-Sánchez
- Stroke Centre, Department of Neurology, Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería, 04009 Almería, Spain
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Mohamad IS, Doroody C, Alkharasani WM, Norizan MN, Chelvanathan P, Shahahmadi SA, Amin N. Elucidating the Effects of Interconnecting Layer Thickness and Bandgap Variations on the Performance of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell by wxAMPS. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114106. [PMID: 37297240 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the pathways for integration of perovskite and silicon solar cells through variation of the properties of the interconnecting layer (ICL). The user-friendly computer simulation software wxAMPS was used to conduct the investigation. The simulation started with numerical inspection of the individual single junction sub-cell, and this was followed by performing an electrical and optical evaluation of monolithic 2T tandem PSC/Si, with variation of the thickness and bandgap of the interconnecting layer. The electrical performance of the monolithic crystalline silicon and CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite tandem configuration was observed to be the best with the insertion of a 50 nm thick (Eg ≥ 2.25 eV) interconnecting layer, which directly contributed to the optimum optical absorption coverage. These design parameters improved the optical absorption and current matching, while also enhancing the electrical performance of the tandem solar cell, which benefited the photovoltaic aspects through lowering the parasitic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ili Salwani Mohamad
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Camellia Doroody
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Natashah Norizan
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | | | - Seyed Ahmad Shahahmadi
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nowshad Amin
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
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8
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Yahia MI, Marnat G, Finitsis S, Sibon I, Olivot JM, Pop R, Anadani M, Richard S, Gory B. Acute carotid stenting plus aspirin during thrombectomy of tandem occlusions: A matched case-control study. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199231175375. [PMID: 37229632 DOI: 10.1177/15910199231175375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute carotid artery stenting (CAS) for ischemic stroke patients with anterior circulation tandem occlusion requires periprocedural antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis. However, due to the lack of randomized trials and inconsistent published results, there is no reliable information regarding the safety of additional antiplatelet treatment. Therefore, we compared the safety and functional outcomes of patients treated with acute CAS plus Aspirin during tandem occlusions thrombectomy with isolated intracranial occlusions patients treated with thrombectomy alone. METHODS Two prospectively acquired mechanical databases from August 2017 to December 2021 were reviewed. Patients were included if they had carotid atherosclerotic tandem occlusions treated with acute CAS and Aspirin (intravenous bolus 250 mg) during thrombectomy. Any antiplatelet agent was added after thrombectomy and before the 24-h control imaging. This group was compared with a matched group of isolated intracranial occlusions treated with thrombectomy alone. RESULTS A total of 1557 patients were included and 70 (4.5%) had an atherosclerotic tandem occlusion treated with acute CAS plus Aspirin during thrombectomy. In exact coarse matched weight adjusted analysis, the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was similar in both groups (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 0.66-14.04; P = 0.150), parenchymal hematoma type 2 (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.24-5.39; P = 0.856), any intracerebral hemorrhage (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.75-4.53; P = 0.182), and 90-day mortality (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.24-2.60; P = 0.708). Rates of early neurological improvement and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0-2 were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Acute CAS plus Aspirin during thrombectomy for tandem occlusion stroke appears safe. Randomized trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Ismaël Yahia
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Gaultier Marnat
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephanos Finitsis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ahepa Hospital, Thessaoniki, Greece
| | - Igor Sibon
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Raoul Pop
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHRU Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammad Anadani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sébastien Richard
- Department of Neurology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
- CIC-P 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Benjamin Gory
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, IADI, Nancy, France
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Alanazi TI. TCAD Device Simulation of All-Polymer Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Potential for Tandem vs. Single Junction Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092217. [PMID: 37177362 PMCID: PMC10180871 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of indoor photovoltaics makes it feasible to harvest energy from artificial light sources. Although single-junction indoor photovoltaics have demonstrated exceptional efficacy when using LED lighting, there is still a need for more comprehensive testing of tandem structures. Herein, the first systematic TCAD simulation study on the potential for tandem all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) for indoor applications is provided. The presented all-PSCs are based on experimental work in which the top wide bandgap subcell comprises a polymer blend PM7:PIDT, while the bottom narrow bandgap subcell has a polymer blend PM6:PY-IT. Standalone and tandem cells are simulated under AM1.5G solar radiation, and the simulation results are compared with measurements to calibrate the physical models and material parameters revealing PCE values of 10.11%, 16.50%, and 17.58% for the front, rear, and tandem cells, respectively. Next, we assessed the performance characteristics of the three cells under a white LED environment for different color temperatures and light intensities. The results showed a superior performance of the front cell, while a deterioration in the performance was observed for the tandem cell, reflecting in a lower PCE of 16.22% at a color temperature of 2900 K. Thus, an optimized tandem for outdoor applications was not suitable for indoor conditions. In order to alleviate this issue, we propose designing the tandem for indoor lightening by an appropriate choice of thicknesses of the top and bottom absorber layers in order to achieve the current matching point. Reducing the top absorber thickness while slightly increasing the bottom thickness resulted in a higher PCE of 27.80% at 2900 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek I Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 73222, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Salem MS, Shaker A, Abouelatta M, Saeed A. Full Optoelectronic Simulation of Lead-Free Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030784. [PMID: 36772085 PMCID: PMC9918906 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic and perovskite semiconductor materials are considered an interesting combination thanks to their similar processing technologies and band gap tunability. Here, we present the design and analysis of perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) by using a full optoelectronic simulator (SETFOS). A wide band gap lead-free ASnI2Br perovskite top subcell is utilized in conjunction with a narrow band gap DPPEZnP-TBO:PC61BM heterojunction organic bottom subcell to form the tandem configuration. The top and bottom cells were designed according to previous experimental work keeping the same materials and physical parameters. The calibration of the two cells regarding simulation and experimental data shows very good agreement, implying the validation of the simulation process. Accordingly, the two cells are combined to develop a 2T tandem cell. Further, upon optimizing the thickness of the front and rear subcells, a current matching condition is satisfied for which the proposed perovskite/organic TSC achieves an efficiency of 13.32%, Jsc of 13.74 mA/cm2, and Voc of 1.486 V. On the other hand, when optimizing the tandem by utilizing full optoelectronic simulation, the tandem shows a higher efficiency of about 14%, although it achieves a decreased Jsc of 12.27 mA/cm2. The study shows that the efficiency can be further improved when concurrently optimizing the various tandem layers by global optimization routines. Furthermore, the impact of defects is demonstrated to highlight other possible routes to improve efficiency. The current simulation study can provide a physical understanding and potential directions for further efficiency improvement for lead-free perovskite/organic TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Salem
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Communication and Electronics Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modern Science and Arts University (MSA), Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shaker
- Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Abouelatta
- Electronics and Electrical Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saeed
- Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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11
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Park M, Hwang S, Ju SY. The Effects of Lengths of Flavin Surfactant N-10-Alkyl Side Chains on Promoting Dispersion of a High-Purity and Diameter-Selective Single-Walled Nanotube. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3380. [PMID: 36234506 PMCID: PMC9565467 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavin with defined helical self-assembly helps to understand chemical designs for obtaining high-purity semiconducting (s)-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a diameter (dt)-selective manner for high-end applications. In this study, flavins containing 8, 12, 16, and 20 n-alkyl chains were synthesized, and their single/tandem effects on dt-selective s-SWNT dispersibility were investigated at isomolarity. Flavins with n-dodecyl and longer chain lengths (FC12, FC16, and FC20) act as good surfactants for stable SWNT dispersions whereas n-octyl flavin (FC8) exhibits poor dispersibility owing to the lack of SWNT buoyancy. When used with small-dt SWNT, FC8 displays chirality-selective SWNT dispersion. This behavior, along with various flavin helical motifs, prompts the development of criteria for 'side chain length (lS)' required for stable and dt-selective SWNT dispersion, which also explains lS-dependent dt-enrichment behavior. Moreover, SWNT dispersions with flavins with dodecyl and longer lS exhibit increased metallic (m)-SWNT, background absorption-contributing carbonaceous impurities (CIs) and preferential selectivity of s-SWNT with slightly larger dt. The increased CIs that affect the SWNT quantum yield were attributed to a solubility parameter. Furthermore, the effects of flavin lS, sonication bath temperature, centrifugal speed, and surfactant concentration on SWNT purity and s-/m-SWNT ratio were investigated. A tandem FC8/FC12 provides fine-tuning of dt-selective SWNT dispersion, wherein the FC8 ratio governs the tendency towards smaller dt. Kinetic and thermodynamic assemblies of tandem flavins result in different sorting behaviors in which wide dt-tunability was demonstrated using kinetic assembly. This study highlights the importance of appropriate side chain length and other extrinsic parameters to obtain dt-selective or high-purity s-SWNT.
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12
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McDonald C, Sai H, Svrcek V, Kogo A, Miyadera T, Murakami TN, Chikamatsu M, Yoshida Y, Matsui T. In Situ Grown Nanocrystalline Si Recombination Junction Layers for Efficient Perovskite-Si Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells: Toward a Simpler Multijunction Architecture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:33505-33514. [PMID: 35849506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite-Si tandem is an attractive avenue to attain greater power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their respective single-junction solar cells. However, such devices generally employ complex stacks with numerous deposition steps, which are rather unattractive from an industrial perspective. Here, we develop a simplified tandem architecture consisting of a perovskite n-i-p stack on a silicon heterojunction structure without applying the typically used indium-tin-oxide (ITO) recombination junction (RJ) layer between the top and bottom cells. It is demonstrated that an n-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) grown in situ on an amorphous silicon hole contact layer of the bottom cell acts as an efficient RJ layer, leading to a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of >1.8 V and a PCE of 21.4% without optimizing the optical design. Compared to the tandem cell with an ITO RJ layer, the nc-Si:H RJ layer not only improves light management but also achieves a higher VOC due to superior contact properties with an overlying SnO2 electron transport layer of the perovskite top cell. Omitting the costly material and its deposition step offers the opportunity toward realizing industrially feasible high-efficiency tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McDonald
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sai
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Vladimir Svrcek
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kogo
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsui
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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13
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Spence M, Hammond R, Pockett A, Wei Z, Johnson A, Watson T, Carnie MJ. A Comparison of Different Textured and Non-Textured Anti-Reflective Coatings for Planar Monolithic Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:5974-5982. [PMID: 35647496 PMCID: PMC9131309 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction solar cells offer a route to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction devices. In a few short years, silicon-perovskite tandems have significantly passed the efficiency of the best silicon single-junction cells. For scalable solution processing of silicon-perovskite tandem devices, with the avoidance of vacuum processing steps, a flat silicon sub-cell is normally required. This results in a flat top surface that can lead to higher optical reflection losses than conformal deposition on textured silicon bottom cells. To overcome this, textured anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) can be used on top of the finished cell, with textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a promising candidate. In this work, we vary the texture geometry and film thickness of PDMS anti-reflective foils to understand the effect of these parameters on reflectance of the foil. The best film is selected, and anti-reflective performance is compared with two common planar ARCs-lithium fluoride (LiF) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) showing considerable reduction in reflectance for a non-textured silicon-perovskite tandem cell. The application of a PDMS film is shown to give a 3-5% increase in integrated J SC in each sub-cell of a silicon-perovskite tandem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spence
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Richard Hammond
- IQE
Silicon Compounds, Beech
House, Pascal Close, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 0LW, UK
| | - Adam Pockett
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Zhengfei Wei
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Andrew Johnson
- IQE
Europe Ltd., Pascal Close,
St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3
0LW, UK
| | - Trystan Watson
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Matthew J. Carnie
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
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14
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Assar A, Martinho F, Larsen J, Saini N, Shearer D, Moro MV, Stulen F, Grini S, Engberg S, Stamate E, Schou J, Vines L, Canulescu S, Platzer-Björkman C, Hansen O. Gettering in PolySi/SiO x Passivating Contacts Enables Si-Based Tandem Solar Cells with High Thermal and Contamination Resilience. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:14342-14358. [PMID: 35297597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction solar cells in a tandem configuration could further lower the costs of electricity if crystalline Si (c-Si) is used as the bottom cell. However, for direct monolithic integration on c-Si, only a restricted number of top and bottom cell architectures are compatible, due to either epitaxy or high-temperature constraints, where the interface between subcells is subject to a trade-off between transmittance, electrical interconnection, and bottom cell degradation. Using polySi/SiOx passivating contacts for Si, this degradation can be largely circumvented by tuning the polySi/SiOx stacks to promote gettering of contaminants admitted into the Si bottom cell during the top cell synthesis. Applying this concept to the low-cost top cell chalcogenides Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), CuGaSe2 (CGSe), and AgInGaSe2 (AIGSe), fabricated under harsh S or Se atmospheres above 550 °C, we show that increasing the heavily doped polySi layer thickness from 40 to up to 400 nm prevents a reduction in Si carrier lifetime by 1 order of magnitude, with final lifetimes above 500 μs uniformly across areas up to 20 cm2. In all cases, the increased resilience was correlated with a 99.9% reduction in contaminant concentration in the c-Si bulk, provided by the thick polySi layer, which acts as a buried gettering layer in the tandem structure without compromising the Si passivation quality. The Si resilience decreased as AIGSe > CGSe > CZTS, in accordance with the measured Cu contamination profiles and higher annealing temperatures. An efficiency of up to 7% was achieved for a CZTS/Si tandem, where the Si bottom cell is no longer the limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Assar
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Filipe Martinho
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jes Larsen
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nishant Saini
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denver Shearer
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcos V Moro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Stulen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Grini
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Engberg
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eugen Stamate
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Schou
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Vines
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stela Canulescu
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Platzer-Björkman
- Division of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ole Hansen
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Li Y, Huang W, Zhao D, Wang L, Jiao Z, Huang Q, Wang P, Sun M, Yuan G. Recent Progress in Organic Solar Cells: A Review on Materials from Acceptor to Donor. Molecules 2022; 27:1800. [PMID: 35335164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, organic solar cells (OSCs) have drawn broad interest owing to their advantages such as being low cost, flexible, semitransparent, non-toxic, and ideal for roll-to-roll large-scale processing. Significant advances have been made in the field of OSCs containing high-performance active layer materials, electrodes, and interlayers, as well as novel device structures. Particularly, the innovation of active layer materials, including novel acceptors and donors, has contributed significantly to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement in OSCs. In this review, high-performance acceptors, containing fullerene derivatives, small molecular, and polymeric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, highly efficient donor materials designed for fullerene- and NFA-based OSCs are also presented. Additionally, motivated by the incessant developments of donor and acceptor materials, recent advances in the field of ternary and tandem OSCs are reviewed as well.
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16
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Mizuno H, Makita K, Sai H, Mochizuki T, Matsui T, Takato H, Müller R, Lackner D, Dimroth F, Sugaya T. Integration of Si Heterojunction Solar Cells with III-V Solar Cells by the Pd Nanoparticle Array-Mediated "Smart Stack" Approach. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11322-11329. [PMID: 35119838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the way to fabricate two-terminal tandem solar cells using Si heterojunction (SHJ) bottom cells and GaAs-relevant III-V top cells by "smart stack", an approach enabling the series connection of dissimilar solar cells through Pd nanoparticle (NP) arrays. It was suggested that placing the Pd NP arrays directly on typical SHJ cells results in poor tandem performance because of the insufficient electrical contacts and/or deteriorated passivation quality of the SHJ cells. Therefore, hydrogenated nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si:H) layers were introduced between Pd NPs and SHJ cells to improve the electrical contacts and preserve the passivation quality. Such nc-Si:H-capped SHJ cells were integrated with InGaP/AlGaAs double-junction cells, and a certified efficiency of 27.4% (under AM 1.5 G) was achieved. In addition, this paper addresses detailed analyses of the 27.4% cell. It was revealed that the cell had a relatively large gap at the smart stack interface, which limited the short-circuit current density (thereby the efficiency) of the cell. Therefore, higher efficiency would be expected by reducing the interfacial gap distance, which is governed by the height of the Pd NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Mizuno
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiike-dai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Kikuo Makita
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sai
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Mochizuki
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiike-dai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsui
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Takato
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiike-dai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ralph Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - David Lackner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Frank Dimroth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Takeyoshi Sugaya
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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17
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Elsmani MI, Fatima N, Jallorina MPA, Sepeai S, Su'ait MS, Ahmad Ludin N, Mat Teridi MA, Sopian K, Ibrahim MA. Recent Issues and Configuration Factors in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells towards Large Scaling Production. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3186. [PMID: 34947535 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented development of perovskite-silicon (PSC-Si) tandem solar cells in the last five years has been hindered by several challenges towards industrialization, which require further research. The combination of the low cost of perovskite and legacy silicon solar cells serve as primary drivers for PSC-Si tandem solar cell improvement. For the perovskite top-cell, the utmost concern reported in the literature is perovskite instability. Hence, proposed physical loss mechanisms for intrinsic and extrinsic instability as triggering mechanisms for hysteresis, ion segregation, and trap states, along with the latest proposed mitigation strategies in terms of stability engineering, are discussed. The silicon bottom cell, being a mature technology, is currently facing bottleneck challenges to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) greater than 26.7%, which requires more understanding in the context of light management and passivation technologies. Finally, for large-scale industrialization of the PSC-Si tandem solar cell, the promising silicon wafer thinning, and large-scale film deposition technologies could cause a shift and align with a more affordable and flexible roll-to-roll PSC-Si technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide deliberate guidance on critical fundamental issues and configuration factors in current PSC-Si tandem technologies towards large-scale industrialization. to meet the 2031 PSC-Si Tandem road maps market target.
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18
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Jia Z, Zhao Y, Wang P, Han J, Zhao S, Li X. Simultaneous Stenting for Symptomatic Tandem Extracranial and Intracranial Posterior Circulation Stenoses: Long-Term Outcomes and Procedural Experience. Front Neurol 2021; 12:724985. [PMID: 34531817 PMCID: PMC8438130 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.724985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have reported on simultaneous endovascular stenting for tandem posterior circulation (PC) stenoses and its long-term outcomes. Thus, our aim was to investigate the safety and efficacy of simultaneous stenting in patients with symptomatic tandem extra- and intracranial PC stenoses. From September 2014 to June 2018, 16 such patients with symptomatic stenoses who underwent simultaneous stent placement were analyzed. The primary outcome was occurrence of any stroke, TIA, or death within 30 days after the procedure. The secondary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and the occurrence of in-stent restenosis ≥50% during follow-up. Technical success was defined as stent coverage of all tandem lesions and residual stenosis <30%. Clinical success was determined based on any occurrence of neurological events or death within 3 months after the procedure. All stents (19 intracranial and 14 extracranial) were placed with a technical success rate of 100%. One patient experienced a pontine ischemic stroke 2 days after the procedure and had recovered well at discharge. One patient experienced a minor complication of groin hematoma. The clinical success rate was 93.75% (15/16). During a median follow-up of 36.0 ± 11.0 months, two patients developed ISR ≥50% at the 1-year follow-up. None of the patients experienced stroke, TIA, or death after discharge during follow-up. Simultaneous stenting for symptomatic tandem extra- and intracranial PC stenoses is safe and feasible. Its impact on long-term stroke prevention is promising, and further study of a larger patient population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichang Jia
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jintao Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shilu Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Wang Y, Chen H, Zhai J. Gap Confinement Effect of a Tandem Nanochannel System and Its Application in Salinity Gradient Power Generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:41159-41168. [PMID: 34403239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an important nanofluidic device, an artificial ion nanochannel could selectively transport ions inside its nanoconfinement space and the surface charge of the pore wall. Here, confinement effects were realized by tandem nanochannel units, which kept their cascade gaps less than 500 nm. Within these gaps, ionic conductance was governed by the surface charge density of the channel unit. Cations could be sufficiently selected and enriched within this confined space, which improves the cation transfer number of the system. Therefore, the tandem nanochannel system could greatly improve the diffusion potential and energy conversion efficiency in the salinity gradient power generation process. Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations were introduced to numerically simulate the ionic transport behavior and confirmed the experimental results. Finally, the gap confinement effect was introduced in the porous cellulose acetate membrane tandem nanochannel system, and a high output power density of 4.72 W/m2 and energy conversion efficiency of 42.22% were achieved under stacking seven channel units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huaxiang Chen
- China National Petroleum Corporation Energy East Road, Petrochemical Research Institute, Shahe Town, Changping District, Beijing 102200, P.R.China
| | - Jin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Smart Bioinspired Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Park H, Park SH, Lee SW, Kang Y, Kim D, Son HJ, Lee HS. Novel Polymer-Based Organic/c-Si Monolithic Tandem Solar Cell: Enhanced Efficiency using Interlayer and Transparent Top Electrode Engineering. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100305. [PMID: 34347333 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tandem solar cells which are electrically connected with various photoactive materials have the potential to solve the current challenges by exceeding the theoretically limited efficiency of single junction solar cells. Here the first monolithic organic/silicon tandem cell is reported based on a semitransparent polymer on a crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate. Herein, experimental results are presented for four-terminal (4-T) and monolithic two-terminal (2-T) organic/c-Si tandem cells using organic cells with an inverted n-i-p structure and c-Si cells with an n-type TOPCon structure with detailed analysis. The best 4-T tandem cell efficiency is 15.22%, and 2-T results show that the top (organic) and bottom (c-Si) cells are electrically connected by an open-circuit voltage over 1.4 V. Further, a simulated efficiency of over 20% using the organic/c-Si tandem is achieved, implying the tandem efficiency can be enhanced through further improvement of electric and optical characteristics with the optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJung Park
- Institute for Energy Research, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Energy and Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmook Kang
- Energy and Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Energy and Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Seok Lee
- Energy and Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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21
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Song R, Hou C, Yang C, Yang X, Guo Q, Shan X. Modeling, Validation, and Performance of Two Tandem Cylinder Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Water Flow. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12080872. [PMID: 34442494 PMCID: PMC8400392 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies a novel enhanced energy-harvesting method to harvest water flow-induced vibration with a tandem arrangement of two piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) in the direction of flowing water, through simulation modeling and experimental validation. A mathematical model is established by two individual-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom models, coupled with the hydrodynamic force obtained by computational fluid dynamics. Through the simulation analysis, the variation rules of vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, power generation and the distribution of flow field are obtained. And experimental tests are performed to verify the numerical calculation. The experimental and simulation results show that the upstream piezoelectric energy harvester (UPEH) is excited by the vortex-induced vibration, and the maximum value of performance is achieved when the UPEH and the vibration are resonant. As the vortex falls off from the UPEH, the downstream piezoelectric energy harvester (DPEH) generates a responsive beat frequency vibration. Energy-harvesting performance of the DPEH is better than that of the UPEH, especially at high speed flows. The maximum output power of the DPEH (371.7 μW) is 2.56 times of that of the UPEH (145.4 μW), at a specific spacing between the UPEN and the DPEH. Thereupon, the total output power of the two tandem piezoelectric energy harvester systems is significantly greater than that of the common single PEH, which provides a good foreground for further exploration of multiple piezoelectric energy harvesters system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (R.S.); (C.H.); (C.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chengwei Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (R.S.); (C.H.); (C.Y.); (X.Y.)
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chongqiu Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (R.S.); (C.H.); (C.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianhai Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (R.S.); (C.H.); (C.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qianjian Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (R.S.); (C.H.); (C.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaobiao Shan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (X.S.)
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Pagano L, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Troilo F, Pennacchietti V, Nardella C, Toto A, Gianni S. Probing the Effects of Local Frustration in the Folding of a Multidomain Protein. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167087. [PMID: 34089717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of protein folding is primarily based on experimental data obtained from isolated domains. In fact, because of their complexity, multidomain proteins have been elusive to the experimental characterization. Thus, the folding of a domain in isolation is generally assumed to resemble what should be observed for more complex structural architectures. Here we compared the folding mechanism of a protein domain in isolation and in the context of its supramodular multidomain structure. By carrying out an extensive mutational analysis we illustrate that while the early events of folding are malleable and influenced by the absence/presence of the neighboring structures, the late events appear to be more robust. These effects may be explained by analyzing the local frustration patterns of the domain, providing critical support for the funneled energy landscape theory of protein folding, and highlighting the role of protein frustration in sculpting the early events of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Goyal UD, Mehta PP, Samreth S, Gloss J, Cui H, Roe D, Dougherty S. Reproducibility of vaginal immobilization balloons in situ overnight for cervical cancer brachytherapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2021; 13:280-5. [PMID: 34122567 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2021.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of vaginal immobilization balloons placed into the vagina for immobilization of tandem and ovoid (T+O) applicator during high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy delivery has been used at our institution, and seems to have improved our patient comfort, decreased procedure time, and minimized applicator misplacement. We aimed to show that these balloons, while originally marketed for single-day use, are safe and maintain applicator positioning/dosimetry when left in situ overnight for treatment delivery on sequential days. Material and methods Forty-two paired computed tomography (CT) scans from thirteen patients who underwent T+O HDR treatments on sequential days with vaginal immobilization balloons in situ overnight were retrospectively compared to calculate mean change of balloon volumes and balloon/T+O distance to bony landmarks. Dosimetric planning was retroactively performed on day 2 using CT scan of each pair, and the change in estimated radiation delivery to the bladder and rectum was compared. Results No statistically significant overnight changes were found in balloon volumes or anterior balloon positioning. The posterior balloon shifted -0.29 ±0.46 cm (p = 0.03) to the anterior public symphysis and 0.32 ±0.50 cm (p = 0.01) to the right femoral head. The tandem shifted 0.37 ±0.39 cm (p = 0.002) to the pubic symphysis. There was no significant difference found in radiation delivered to the bladder or rectum between the paired scans. Conclusions This study showed minimal change in balloon volumes, balloons/T+O positioning, or in radiation dose to bladder and rectum when the applicator remained overnight. These findings support that inflatable vaginal immobilization balloons remaining in situ overnight for additional HDR T+O treatments on sequential days, is safe and provides stable dosimetry.
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Bangash KA, Kazmi SAA, Farooq W, Ayub S, Musarat MA, Alaloul WS, Javed MF, Mosavi A. Thickness Optimization of Thin-Film Tandem Organic Solar Cell. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12050518. [PMID: 34062988 PMCID: PMC8147926 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymer solar cells also known as organic solar cells (OSCs) have drawn attention due to their cynosure in industrial manufacturing because of their promising properties such as low weight, highly flexible, and low-cost production. However, low η restricts the utilization of OSCs for potential applications such as low-cost energy harvesting devices. In this paper, OSCs structure based on a triple-junction tandem scheme is reported with three different absorber materials to enhance the absorption of photons which in turn improves the η, as well as its correlating performance parameters. The investigated structure gives the higher value of η = 14.33% with Jsc = 16.87 (mA/m2), Voc = 1.0 (V), and FF = 84.97% by utilizing a stack of three different absorber layers with different band energies. The proposed structure was tested under 1.5 (AM) with 1 sun (W/m2). The impact of the top, middle, and bottom subcells’ thickness on η was analyzed with a terse to find the optimum thickness for three subcells to extract high η. The optimized structure was then tested with different electrode combinations, and the highest η was recorded with FTO/Ag. Moreover, the effect of upsurge temperature was also demonstrated on the investigated schematic, and it was observed that the upsurge temperature affects the photovoltaic (PV) parameters of the optimized cell and η decreases from 14.33% to 11.40% when the temperature of the device rises from 300 to 400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ali Bangash
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (K.A.B.); (S.A.A.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Syed Asfandyar Ali Kazmi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (K.A.B.); (S.A.A.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Waqas Farooq
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (K.A.B.); (S.A.A.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Saba Ayub
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Ali Musarat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Wesam Salah Alaloul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Amir Mosavi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Informatics, J. Selye University, 94501 Komarno, Slovakia
- Information Systems, University of Siegen, Kohlbettstraße 15, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (A.M.)
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25
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Tschirka J, Bach M, Kisis I, Lemmen J, Gnoth MJ, Gründemann D. Transporter tandems: precise tools for normalizing active transporter in the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2020; 477:4191-206. [PMID: 33073844 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transport efficiency (TE) describes the performance of a transport protein for a specific substrate. To compare the TE of different transporters, the number of active transporters in the plasma membrane must be monitored, as it may vary for each transporter and experiment. Available methods, like LC-MS quantification of tryptic peptides, fail to discriminate inactive intracellular transporters or, like cell-surface biotinylation followed by affinity chromatography and Western blotting, are imprecise and very laborious. We wanted to normalize active transporters by the activity of a second transporter. A transporter tandem, generated by joining two transporter cDNAs into a single open reading frame, should guarantee a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. Here we created a series of tandems with different linkers between the human ergothioneine (ET) transporter ETT (gene symbol SLC22A4) and organic cation transporter OCT2 (SLC22A2). The linker sequence strongly affected the expression strength. The stoichiometry was validated by absolute peptide quantification and untargeted peptide analysis. Compared with wild-type ETT, the normalized ET clearance of the natural variant L503F was higher (f = 1.34); G462E was completely inactive. The general usefulness of the tandem strategy was demonstrated by linking several transporters with ETT; every construct was active in both parts. Transporter tandems can be used - without membrane isolation or protein quantification - as precise tools for transporter number normalization, to identify, for example, relevant transporters for a drug. It is necessary, however, to find suitable linkers, to check the order of transporters, and to verify the absence of functional interference by saturation kinetics.
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Kaushik M, Liew ZH, Sewa DW, Phua GC, Cao L, Krishnamoorthy TL, Ng SY, Lim AEL, Ng LC, Koniman R, Teo SH, Tan HK. Description of parallel and sequential configurations for concurrent therapeutic plasma exchange and continuous kidney replacement therapy in adults. J Clin Apher 2020; 36:211-218. [PMID: 33220117 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) are extracorporeal therapeutic procedures often implemented in management of patients. Critically ill patients may be afflicted with disease processes that require both TPE and CKRT. Performing TPE discontinuous with CKRT is technically easier, however, it disrupts CKRT and may compromise with CKRT efficiency or hemofilter life. Concurrent TPE with CKRT offers several advantages including simultaneous control of disease process and correction of electrolyte, fluid, and acid-base disturbances that may accompany TPE. Additionally, TPE may be performed by either centrifugation method or membrane plasma separation method. The technical specifications of these methods may influence the methodology of concurrent connections. This report describes and reviews two different approaches to circuit arrangements when establishing concurrent TPE and CKRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kaushik
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhong Hong Liew
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duu-Wen Sewa
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ghee Chee Phua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shin Yi Ng
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy Ee Lin Lim
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Choo Ng
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Riece Koniman
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Hooi Teo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Khim Tan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Lu S, Chen C, Tang J. Possible top cells for next-generation Si-based tandem solar cells. Front Optoelectron 2020; 13:246-255. [PMID: 36641575 PMCID: PMC9743844 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Si-based solar cells, which have the advantages of high efficiency, low manufacturing costs, and outstanding stability, are dominant in the photovoltaic market. Currently, state-of-the-art Si-based solar cells are approaching the practical limit of efficiency. Constructing Si-based tandem solar cells is one available pathway to break the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction silicon solar cells. Various top cells have been explored recently in the construction of Si-based tandem devices. Nevertheless, many challenges still stand in the way of extensive commercial application of Si-based tandem solar cells. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of representative Si-based tandem solar cells with different top cells, such as III-V solar cells, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, cadmium telluride (CdTe)-related solar cells, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS)-related solar cells, and amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, and we analyze the main bottlenecks for their next steps of development. Subsequently, we suggest several potential candidate top cells for Si-based tandem devices, such as Sb2S3, Se, CdSe, and Cu2O. These materials have great potential for the development of high-performance and low-cost Si-based tandem solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaicheng Lu
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jiang Tang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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Cheng P, Wang HC, Zheng R, Zhu Y, Dai S, Li Z, Chen CH, Zhao Y, Wang R, Meng D, Zhu C, Wei KH, Zhan X, Yang Y. Enabling High-Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002315. [PMID: 32803823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large-bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow-bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large-bandgap donor to realize a high open-circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet-visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large-bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the (photo) conductivity and finally limits the hole-transporting property of the rear subcell. In this work, a simple and effective way is proposed to resolve this critical issue. To ensure sufficient photogenerated holes in the rear subcell, a small amount of an infrared-absorbing polymer donor as a third component is introduced, which provides a second hole-generation and transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects. Finally, the short-circuit current density of the two-terminal tandem organic photovoltaic is significantly enhanced from 10.3 to 11.7 mA cm-2 (while retaining the open-circuit voltage and fill factor) to result in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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29
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Teixeira IF, Homsi MS, Geonmonond RS, Rocha GFSR, Peng YK, Silva IF, Quiroz J, Camargo PHC. Hot Electrons, Hot Holes, or Both? Tandem Synthesis of Imines Driven by the Plasmonic Excitation in Au/CeO 2 Nanorods. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1530. [PMID: 32759860 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Solar-to-chemical conversion via photocatalysis is of paramount importance for a sustainable future. Thus, investigating the synergistic effects promoted by light in photocatalytic reactions is crucial. The tandem oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines is an attractive route to synthesize imines. Here, we unravel the performance and underlying reaction pathway in the visible-light-driven tandem oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline employing Au/CeO2 nanorods as catalysts. We propose an alternative reaction pathway for this transformation that leads to improved efficiencies relative to individual CeO2 nanorods, in which the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation in Au nanoparticles (NPs) plays an important role. Our data suggests a synergism between the hot electrons and holes generated from the LSPR excitation in Au NPs. While the oxygen vacancies in CeO2 nanorods trap the hot electrons and facilitate their transfer to adsorbed O2 at surface vacancy sites, the hot holes in the Au NPs facilitate the α-H abstraction from the adsorbed benzyl alcohol, evolving into benzaldehyde, which then couples with aniline in the next step to yield the corresponding imine. Finally, cerium-coordinated superoxide species abstract hydrogen from the Au surface, regenerating the catalyst surface.
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Singh M, Santbergen R, Syifai I, Weeber A, Zeman M, Isabella O. Comparing optical performance of a wide range of perovskite/silicon tandem architectures under real-world conditions. Nanophotonics 2020; 10:2043-2057. [PMID: 36406046 PMCID: PMC9646241 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since single junction c-Si solar cells are reaching their practical efficiency limit. Perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells hold the promise of achieving greater than 30% efficiencies. In this regard, optical simulations can deliver guidelines for reducing the parasitic absorption losses and increasing the photocurrent density of the tandem solar cells. In this work, an optical study of 2, 3 and 4 terminal perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells with c-Si solar bottom cells passivated by high thermal-budget poly-Si, poly-SiOx and poly-SiCx is performed to evaluate their optical performance with respect to the conventional tandem solar cells employing silicon heterojunction bottom cells. The parasitic absorption in these carrier selective passivating contacts has been quantified. It is shown that they enable greater than 20 mA/cm2 matched implied photocurrent density in un-encapsulated 2T tandem architecture along with being compatible with high temperature production processes. For studying the performance of such tandem devices in real-world irradiance conditions and for different locations of the world, the effect of solar spectrum and angle of incidence on their optical performance is studied. Passing from mono-facial to bi-facial tandem solar cells, the photocurrent density in the bottom cell can be increased, requiring again optical optimization. Here, we analyse the effect of albedo, perovskite thickness and band gap as well as geographical location on the optical performance of these bi-facial perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells. Our optical study shows that bi-facial 2T tandems, that also convert light incident from the rear, require radically thicker perovskite layers to match the additional current from the c-Si bottom cell. For typical perovskite bandgap and albedo values, even doubling the perovskite thickness is not sufficient. In this respect, lower bandgap perovskites are very interesting for application not only in bi-facial 2T tandems but also in related 3T and 4T tandems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Singh
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Santbergen
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Indra Syifai
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Weeber
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- TNO Energy Transition, Solar Energy, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Miro Zeman
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olindo Isabella
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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Torgerson CD, Hiller DA, Strobel SA. The asymmetry and cooperativity of tandem glycine riboswitch aptamers. RNA 2020; 26:564-580. [PMID: 31992591 PMCID: PMC7161355 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073577.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycine riboswitches utilize both single- and tandem-aptamer architectures. In the tandem system, the relative contribution of each aptamer toward gene regulation is not well understood. To dissect these contributions, the effects of 684 single mutants of a tandem ON switch from Bacillus subtilis were characterized for the wild-type construct and binding site mutations that selectively restrict ligand binding to either the first or second aptamer. Despite the structural symmetry of tandem aptamers, the response to these mutations was frequently asymmetrical. Mutations in the first aptamer often significantly weakened the K1/2, while several mutations in the second aptamer improved the amplitude. These results demonstrate that this ON switch favors ligand binding to the first aptamer. This is in contrast to the tandem OFF switch variant from Vibrio cholerae, which was previously shown to have preferential binding to its second aptamer. A bioinformatic analysis of tandem glycine riboswitches revealed that the two binding pockets are differentially conserved between ON and OFF switches. Altogether, this indicates that tandem ON switch variants preferentially utilize binding to the first aptamer to promote helical switching, while OFF switch variants favor binding to the second aptamer. The data set also revealed a cooperative glycine response when both binding pockets were maximally stabilized with three GC base pairs. This indicates a cooperative response may sometimes be obfuscated by a difference in the affinities of the two aptamers. This conditional cooperativity provides an additional layer of tunability to tandem glycine riboswitches that adds to their versatility as genetic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Torgerson
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - David A Hiller
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Scott A Strobel
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Ding Z, Ye X, Zhang L, Sun Y, Ni Z, Liu H, Xu J, Dong F. Evaluation of the Performance of the Ultrasound (US) Elastographic Q-Analysis Score Combined With the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System for Malignancy Risk Stratification in Prostate Nodules Based on Transrectal US-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fusion Imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:2991-2998. [PMID: 30937942 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study retrospectively evaluated the prognostic performance of the ultrasound elastographic Q-analysis score (EQS) combined with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for malignancy risk stratification in prostate nodules based on transrectal ultrasound-magnetic resonance imaging fusion imaging. METHODS Sixty-two patients who were suspected to have PCa between October 2017 and May 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. The performance of the EQS and PI-RADS was evaluated by patients' receiver operating characteristic curves in differentiating malignant and benign prostate nodules. The combination of the EQS and PI-RADS methods for prostate imaging was evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-two prostate nodules in 62 patients were included. All of the patients underwent biopsy; 29 cases were prostate cancer, and the rest were benign prostate lesions. Both the EQS and PI-RADS were significantly higher in malignant nodules than in benign nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Youden index of an EQS cutoff of 2.05 were 86.2%, 81.8%, 85.9%, 4.73, 0.169, 80.6%, 87.1%, and 68%, respectively. The corresponding numbers for a PI-RADS cutoff of 4 were 82.7%, 69.7%, 84.2%, 2.72, 0.25, 70.6%, 82.1%, and 52.4%. The "tandem" method had a higher diagnostic specificity (87.9%), positive likelihood ratio (6.55), and positive predictive value (85.1%). The "parallel" method had a higher diagnostic sensitivity (96.5%), negative likelihood ratio (0.06), and negative predictive value (95.2%). CONCLUSIONS both the EQS and PI-RADS had good diagnostic performance in differentiating between malignant and benign prostate lesions. The combination of the EQS and PI-RADS improved the diagnostic performance to a certain degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqin Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhipeng Ni
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fajin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Balsdon A, Timotin E, Hunter R, Diamond K. Stability of Intracavitary Applicator Placement for HDR Brachytherapy of Cervix Cancer. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:441-448. [PMID: 31311722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is often treated with a combination of external beam radiation therapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. An intrauterine ring and tandem applicator is used for intracavitary brachytherapy. The dose is prescribed to the high-risk clinical target volume. The goals of this study were to investigate the stability of intracavitary applicator placement during patient transfer and to evaluate the dosimetric impact of displacement. METHODS Fourteen patients with cervical cancer were analyzed. Three sets of orthogonal fluoroscopic radiographs were obtained in the high-dose-rate suite after the insertion and before treatment: pre-computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the lithotomy position, pre-CT fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the legs down position, and post-CT fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the legs down position. Applicator position after CT was compared with the pre-CT radiographs to determine if the position changed during patient transfer. The displacement was measured in the anterior-posterior, medio-lateral, and superior-inferior directions, as well as the degree of pitch, roll, and yaw. To study the impact of applicator shifts on dose to organs at risk (OARs), the ring and tandem applicator was shifted virtually in the BrachyVision treatment planning system. The OARs studied included the small bowel, sigmoid colon, rectum, and bladder. Five millimeter shifts were made in the superior-inferior, medio-lateral, and anterior-posterior direction. Three degree rotations were made in the pitch, yaw, and roll directions. Applicator shifts were analyzed in only one direction at a time. The dosimetric impact on OARs was evaluated by comparing the original and shifted/rotated plans to dose-volume histogram-based criteria. RESULTS The average displacements were 1.9 ± 0.5 mm laterally, 3.0 ± 0.6 mm longitudinally, and 9.5 ± 1.5 mm anterior-posterior. The average applicator rotation on the posterior-anterior radiograph was 1.0 ± 0.2° and 2.6 ± 0.6° on the lateral radiograph. Five millimeter anterior-posterior shifts had the greatest effect on dose to OARs. On average, 5 mm anterior shifts had the greatest effect on the small bowel dose, where there was a 13.7% (79.6 cGy) increase in D2cc. Five millimeter anterior shifts also affected bladder dose, with a 36.5% (141.1 cGy) increase in D2cc. Five millimeter POST shifts increased the rectal D2cc by 28.6% (168.7 cGy). Other directional shifts had negligible effects on dose. The largest effect on OAR dose arising from rotations was to the sigmoid colon, when the applicator rotated in the POST pitch direction. As a result, the dose increased by 4.7% (7.6 cGy). All other rotations had minimal impact on OAR doses. CONCLUSION Patient transfer resulted in applicator shifts and rotations that had a measurable effect on dose to OARs. The displacements were the result of either a direct shift or rotation of the applicator. Additional tracking of these shifts and rotations may clarify the sources of these unwanted motions and suggest possible mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Balsdon
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy Department, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emilia Timotin
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Hunter
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Diamond
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Siccoli A, Staartjes VE, De Wispelaere MP, Vergroesen PPA, Schröder ML. Tandem Disc Herniation of the Lumbar and Cervical Spine: Case Series and Review of the Epidemiological, Pathophysiological and Genetic Literature. Cureus 2019; 11:e4081. [PMID: 31019859 PMCID: PMC6467429 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and cervical disc herniation (CDH) represent a relevant public health problem. Patients with symptomatic tandem herniations of the cervical and lumbar spine are rare and not described in the literature. In these patients, certain variables may predispose the development of disc herniation which could increase the understanding of the development of disc herniations. Our aim is to present the first case series of tandem disc herniation, and to elucidate whether tandem herniation is attributable to a certain propensity for disc herniation or not. Methods From a prospective registry, patients with symptomatic tandem disc herniations were included, and the literature was reviewed on the comparative pathophysiology, genetics, and epidemiology of disc herniation and disc degeneration. Results Out of 3,156 patients with disc herniations in our registry, 16 presented with symptomatic tandem LDH and CDH that required discectomy. Therefore, we estimate the incidence of tandem disc herniation at 0.51% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26% - 0.75%) in the surgical population. The mean number of degenerated lumbar discs was 2.1 ± 1.1. Compared to the 1,241 patients with isolated LDH, no investigated factors were significantly associated with tandem herniations. Conclusion From a genetic, pathophysiological, and epidemiological position, disc herniation is not commonly a consequence of disc degeneration. Rather, degeneration and herniation seem to exist as two separate and distinctly different processes. Based on the literature, it is tenable that tandem disc herniation does not deviate from the normal pathophysiology, but rather occurs in the rare case that two individual herniated discs coincide.
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Rougier PR, Marsande J, James M, Brachet M. Biomechanical Study of Tandem Stance in Healthy Young Adults: Effects of Weight-Bearing and Limb Dominance. J Mot Behav 2019; 51:603-609. [PMID: 30600782 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2018.1545217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Postural strategies of healthy young adults to control tandem stance were investigated through the calculation of the relative contribution of the two loading-unloading (LU) and pressure-distribution (PD) mechanisms and the two legs for controlling the resultant center-of-pressure (CPRes) displacements. Weight-bearing asymmetry and limb dominance were also studied. For antero-posterior and medio-lateral CPRes displacements, LU and PD mechanisms mainly contribute, respectively. A significant LU contribution is nonetheless observed for medio-lateral control, due to a lateral gap between the CP positions under each foot despite a strict sagittal alignment for the two feet. Moreover, for medio-lateral control, the respective involvement of the two legs is related to the level of weight-bearing asymmetry, whereas the front leg mainly controls the antero-posterior sway. By specifying potential effects of body-weight asymmetry and limb dominance, to a better testing of patients with deficiencies in lateral sway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice R Rougier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université de Savoie, Domaine Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac , Le Bourget du Lac cedex , France
| | - Jeanne Marsande
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université de Savoie, Domaine Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac , Le Bourget du Lac cedex , France
| | - Max James
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université de Savoie, Domaine Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac , Le Bourget du Lac cedex , France
| | - Manu Brachet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université de Savoie, Domaine Scientifique de Savoie-Technolac , Le Bourget du Lac cedex , France
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Abstract
Tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are promising for the lighting and displays field since their current efficiency, external quantum efficiency and lifetime can be strikingly enhanced compared with single-unit devices. In this invited review, we have firstly described fundamental concepts of tandem device architectures and their use in WOLEDs. Then, we have summarized the state-of-the-art strategies to achieve high-performance tandem WOLEDs in recent years. Specifically, we have highlighted the developments in the four types of tandem WOLEDs (i.e., tandem fluorescent WOLEDs, tandem phosphorescent WOLEDs, tandem thermally activated delayed fluorescent WOLEDs, and tandem hybrid WOLEDs). Furthermore, we have introduced doping-free tandem WOLEDs. In the end, we have given an outlook for the future development of tandem WOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Yicong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Baiquan Liu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellent for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Santos EH, Carvalho C, Terzi CM, Nakagaki S. Recent Advances in Catalyzed Sequential Reactions and the Potential Use of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Catalysts. Molecules 2018; 23:E2796. [PMID: 30373300 PMCID: PMC6278483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes of porphyrins and of other similar tetrapyrrolic macrocycles are extensively explored as catalysts for different chemical processes, and the development of solid catalysts for heterogeneous processes using molecules with the ability to act as multifunctional catalysts in one-pot reactions is increasing and can lead to the wider use of this class of molecules as catalysts. This mini review focuses on the application of this class of complexes as catalysts in a variety of sequential one-pot reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Henrique Santos
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Charles Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Machado Terzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise, Departamento de Química, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil.
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Tang W, Zhao Z, Chong Y, Wu C, Liu Q, Yang J, Zhou R, Lian ZX, Liang G. Tandem Enzymatic Self-Assembly and Slow Release of Dexamethasone Enhances Its Antihepatic Fibrosis Effect. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9966-9973. [PMID: 30285414 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many chronic liver diseases will advance to hepatic fibrosis and, if without timely intervention, liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-inflammation could be a standard therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis treatment, but a "smart" strategy of hepatic fibrosis-targeted, either self-assembly or slow release of an anti-inflammation drug ( e.g., dexamethasone, Dex), has not been reported. Herein, we rationally designed a hydrogelator precursor Nap-Phe-Phe-Lys(Dex)-Tyr(H2PO3)-OH (1-Dex-P) and proposed a tandem enzymatic strategy of self-assembly and slow release of Dex, with which the precursor exhibited much stronger antihepatic fibrosis effect than Dex both in vitro and in vivo. Enzymatic and cell experiments validated that 1-Dex-P was first dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase to yield Nap-Phe-Phe-Lys(Dex)-Tyr-OH (1-Dex), which self-assembled into nanofiber 1-Dex. The nanofiber was then hydrolyzed by esterase to transform into nanofiber 1, accompanied by slow release of Dex. We anticipate that our "smart" tandem enzymatic strategy could be widely employed to design more sophisticated drug delivery systems to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy than free drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Chong
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Chengfan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Qingzhi Liu
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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Kanda H, Shibayama N, Uzum A, Umeyama T, Imahori H, Ibi K, Ito S. Effect of Silicon Surface for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Flat or Textured? ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:35016-35024. [PMID: 30215502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite and textured silicon solar cells were integrated into a tandem solar cell through a stacking method. To consider the effective structure of silicon solar cells for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, the optic and photovoltaic properties of textured and flat silicon surfaces were compared using mechanical-stacking-tandem of two- and four-terminal structures by perovskite layers on crystal silicon wafers. The reflectance of the texture silicon surface in the range of 750-1050 nm could be reduced more than that of the flat silicon surface (from 2.7 to 0.8%), which resulted in increases in average incident photon to current conversion efficiency values (from 83.0 to 88.0%) and current density (from 13.7 to 14.8 mA/cm2). Using the texture surface of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, the significant conversion efficiency of 21.4% was achieved by four-terminal device, which was an increase of 2.4% from that of SHJ solar cells alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanda
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Abdullah Uzum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon 61080 , Turkey
| | | | | | - Koji Ibi
- Choshu Industry Co., Ltd. , 3740 Shin-Yamanoi , Sanyo-Onoda 757-0003 , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
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Wang Y, Ren H, Zhao H. Expanding the boundary of biocatalysis: design and optimization of in vitro tandem catalytic reactions for biochemical production. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:115-129. [PMID: 29411648 PMCID: PMC6112242 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysts have been increasingly used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and medicinal compounds due to significant advances in enzyme discovery and engineering. To mimic the synergistic effects of cascade reactions catalyzed by multiple enzymes in nature, researchers have been developing artificial tandem enzymatic reactions in vivo by harnessing synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools. There is also growing interest in the development of one-pot tandem enzymatic or chemo-enzymatic processes in vitro due to their neat and concise catalytic systems and product purification procedures. In this review, we will briefly summarize the strategies of designing and optimizing in vitro tandem catalytic reactions, highlight a few representative examples, and discuss the future trend in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 6180
| | - Hengqian Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 6180
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 6180
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Osorio DS, Dunkel IJ, Cervone KA, Goyal RK, Lo KS, Finlay JL, Gardner SL. Tandem thiotepa with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue in patients with recurrent, refractory, or poor prognosis solid tumor malignancies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26776. [PMID: 28905508 PMCID: PMC6816488 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and tolerability of tandem courses of high-dose thiotepa with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AHCR) in patients with recurrent, refractory solid tumors who were ineligible for a single course of high-dose therapy due to greater than minimal residual disease. Patients with decreased hearing or poor renal function were eligible. PROCEDURE Thiotepa was administered intravenously at a dose of 200 mg/m2 /day (6.67 mg/kg/day) daily for 3 days followed by AHCR. A second course of thiotepa was given 4 weeks later provided blood counts recovered sufficiently without evidence of tumor progression. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients received 96 courses. Thirty-eight (65%) patients received two courses of therapy. Twenty-seven courses (28%) were administered completely in the outpatient setting. A toxic mortality rate of 3.4% was observed. Five of 26 patients with medulloblastoma were alive at a median of 35 months, whereas 21 patients died at a median of 11.7 months. Four of five patients with central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS GCT) were alive 68-103 months following AHCR. CONCLUSIONS Two cycles of high-dose thiotepa with AHCR were well tolerated even in these heavily pretreated patients. This therapy may provide prolonged survival in patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors, particularly medulloblastoma and CNS GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Osorio
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ira J. Dunkel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan L. Finlay
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Abstract
Reactions that form a C-C bond make up a foundational pillar of synthetic organic chemistry. In addition, organocatalysis has emerged as an easy, environmentally-friendly way to promote this type of bond formation. Since around 2000, organocatalysts have been used in a variety of C-C bond-forming reactions including Michael and aldol additions, Mannich-type reactions, and Diels-Alder reactions, to name a few. Many of these methodologies have been refined and further developed to include cascade and domino processes. This review will focus on recent advances in this area with an emphasis on methodologies having applications in the synthesis of biologically-significant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo S Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, P.O. Box 495016, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, USA.
| | - Lindsey O Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, P.O. Box 495016, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, USA.
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Guo F, Karl A, Xue QF, Tam KC, Forberich K, Brabec CJ. The fabrication of color-tunable organic light-emitting diode displays via solution processing. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e17094. [PMID: 30167215 PMCID: PMC6062041 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electroluminescent devices based on organic semiconductors have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in flat-panel displays. The conventional display pixel consisting of side-by-side arrayed red, green and blue subpixels represents the mature technology but bears an intrinsic deficiency of a low pixel density. Constructing an individual color-tunable pixel that comprises vertically stacked subpixels is considered an advanced technology. Although color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been fabricated using the vacuum deposition of small molecules, the solution processing of conjugated polymers would enable a much simpler and inexpensive manufacturing process. Here we present the all-solution processing of color-tunable OLEDs comprising two vertically stacked polymer emitters. A thin layer of highly conducting and transparent silver nanowires is introduced as the intermediate charge injection contact, which allows the emission spectrum and intensity of the tandem devices to be seamlessly manipulated. To demonstrate a viable application of this technology, a 4-by-4 pixelated matrix color-tunable display was fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Andre Karl
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Qi-Fan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Cheong Tam
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Karen Forberich
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Gasperi T, Miceli M, Campagne JM, Marcia de Figueiredo R. Non-Covalent Organocatalyzed Domino Reactions Involving Oxindoles: Recent Advances. Molecules 2017; 22:E1636. [PMID: 28961217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of spirooxindole architectures with several functionalities and stereogenic centers in bioactive molecules has been appealing for the development of novel methodologies seeking their preparation in high yields and selectivities. Expansion and refinement in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis have made possible the development of straightforward strategies that address these two requisites. In this review, we illustrate the current state-of-the-art in the field of spirooxindole synthesis through the use of non-covalent organocatalysis. We aim to provide a concise overview of very recent methods that allow to the isolation of unique, densely and diversified spirocyclic oxindole derivatives with high structural diversity via the use of cascade, tandem and domino processes.
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45
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Abstract
Microsatellite repeat DNA is best known for its length mutability, which is implicated in several neurological diseases and cancers, and often exploited as a genetic marker. Less well-known is the body of work exploring the widespread and surprisingly diverse functional roles of microsatellites. Recently, emerging evidence includes the finding that normal microsatellite polymorphism contributes substantially to the heritability of human gene expression on a genome-wide scale, calling attention to the task of elucidating the mechanisms involved. At present, these are underexplored, but several themes have emerged. I review evidence demonstrating roles for microsatellites in modulation of transcription factor binding, spacing between promoter elements, enhancers, cytosine methylation, alternative splicing, mRNA stability, selection of transcription start and termination sites, unusual structural conformations, nucleosome positioning and modification, higher order chromatin structure, noncoding RNA, and meiotic recombination hot spots.
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46
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Duong T, Mulmudi HK, Wu Y, Fu X, Shen H, Peng J, Wu N, Nguyen HT, Macdonald D, Lockrey M, White TP, Weber K, Catchpole K. Light and Electrically Induced Phase Segregation and Its Impact on the Stability of Quadruple Cation High Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:26859-26866. [PMID: 28738159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite material with a bandgap of 1.7-1.8 eV is highly desirable for the top cell in a tandem configuration with a lower bandgap bottom cell, such as a silicon cell. This can be achieved by alloying iodide and bromide anions, but light-induced phase-segregation phenomena are often observed in perovskite films of this kind, with implications for solar cell efficiency. Here, we investigate light-induced phase segregation inside quadruple-cation perovskite material in a complete cell structure and find that the magnitude of this phenomenon is dependent on the operating condition of the solar cell. Under short-circuit and even maximum power point conditions, phase segregation is found to be negligible compared to the magnitude of segregation under open-circuit conditions. In accordance with the finding, perovskite cells based on quadruple-cation perovskite with 1.73 eV bandgap retain 94% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the maximum power point, while the cell only retains 82% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the open-circuit condition. This result highlights the need to have standard methods including light/dark and bias condition for testing the stability of perovskite solar cells. Additionally, phase segregation is observed when the cell was forward biased at 1.2 V in the dark, which indicates that photoexcitation is not required to induce phase segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Duong
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Hemant Kumar Mulmudi
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - YiLiang Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Xiao Fu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Heping Shen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Jun Peng
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Nandi Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Lockrey
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas P White
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Klaus Weber
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Kylie Catchpole
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
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Langmar O, Saccone D, Amat A, Fantacci S, Viscardi G, Barolo C, Costa RD, Guldi DM. Designing Squaraines to Control Charge Injection and Recombination Processes in NiO-based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:2385-2393. [PMID: 28318143 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of a new family of squaraines (SQs) and their application in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is presented. In particular, two sets of SQs were designed featuring either two or four anchoring carboxylic groups combined with either oxygen or dicyanovinyl central groups. The SQs were characterized by using a joint theoretical, photophysical, and electrochemical approach. Importantly, the presence of different central groups forces a frozen cis (dicyanovinyl group) or a trans (oxygen group) SQ conformation. Based on the latter, the current work enables a direct comparison between cis and trans isomers as well as the impact of a different number of anchors. Considering their electron-accepting and light-harvesting character, they were tested in NiO-based DSSCs. Photocurrent-voltage, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed. By virtue of their different symmetry, stereochemistry, and number of carboxylic groups, altered adsorption behavior onto NiO electrodes as well as diverse charge injection and charge recombination dynamics were noted under operation conditions. SQs with four linkers in a frozen cis isomerism show the best charge collection properties among the investigated SQs, providing a valuable guideline for the molecular design of future SQs for p-type DSSCs. In addition, we assembled tandem DSSCs featuring SQ/NiO photocathodes and N719/TiO2 photoanodes. The IPCE of the resulting tandem DSSCs implies light harvesting throughout most of the visible part of the solar spectrum owing to the complementary absorption features of SQ and N719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Langmar
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Saccone
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Amat
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CLHYO, CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Fantacci
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CLHYO, CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Viscardi
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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48
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Crisp RW, Pach GF, Kurley JM, France RM, Reese MO, Nanayakkara SU, MacLeod BA, Talapin DV, Beard MC, Luther JM. Tandem Solar Cells from Solution-Processed CdTe and PbS Quantum Dots Using a ZnTe-ZnO Tunnel Junction. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1020-1027. [PMID: 28068765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We developed a monolithic CdTe-PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (Eg = 1.5 eV)-PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe-PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe-ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm2 in prototype devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Crisp
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gregory F Pach
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - J Matthew Kurley
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ryan M France
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew O Reese
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Bradley A MacLeod
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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49
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Werner J, Geissbühler J, Dabirian A, Nicolay S, Morales-Masis M, Wolf SD, Niesen B, Ballif C. Parasitic Absorption Reduction in Metal Oxide-Based Transparent Electrodes: Application in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:17260-17267. [PMID: 27338079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are commonly used in a wide spectrum of device applications, thanks to their interesting electronic, photochromic, and electrochromic properties. Their environmental sensitivity, exploited for gas and chemical sensors, is however undesirable for application in optoelectronic devices, where TMOs are used as charge injection or extraction layers. In this work, we first study the coloration of molybdenum and tungsten oxide layers, induced by thermal annealing, Ar plasma exposure, or transparent conducting oxide overlayer deposition, typically used in solar cell fabrication. We then propose a discoloration method based on an oxidizing CO2 plasma treatment, which allows for a complete bleaching of colored TMO films and prevents any subsequent recoloration during following cell processing steps. Then, we show that tungsten oxide is intrinsically more resilient to damage induced by Ar plasma exposure as compared to the commonly used molybdenum oxide. Finally, we show that parasitic absorption in TMO-based transparent electrodes, as used for semitransparent perovskite solar cells, silicon heterojunction solar cells, or perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, can be drastically reduced by replacing molybdenum oxide with tungsten oxide and by applying a CO2 plasma pretreatment prior to the transparent conductive oxide overlayer deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Werner
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Geissbühler
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CSEM, PV-Center, Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Dabirian
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Monica Morales-Masis
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Niesen
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CSEM, PV-Center, Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CSEM, PV-Center, Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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50
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Hu M, Bi C, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Huang J. Stabilized Wide Bandgap MAPbBr x I 3-x Perovskite by Enhanced Grain Size and Improved Crystallinity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2016; 3:1500301. [PMID: 27774406 PMCID: PMC5064729 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The light instability of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x is one of the biggest challenges for its application in tandem solar cells. Here we show that an improved crystallinity and grain size of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x films could stabilize these materials under one sun illumination, improving both the efficiency and stability of the wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
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