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Xu L, Xu L, Lan J, Li Y, Li Q, Wang A, Guo Y, Ang YS, Quhe R, Lu J. Sub-5 nm Ultrathin In 2O 3 Transistors for High-Performance and Low-Power Electronic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38676632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin oxide semiconductors are promising candidates for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible transistors and monolithic three-dimensional integration. Experimentally, ultrathin indium oxide (In2O3) field-effect transistors (FETs) with thicknesses down to 0.4 nm exhibit an extremely high drain current (104 μA/μm) and transconductance (4000 μS/μm). Here, we employ ab initio quantum transport simulation to investigate the performance limit of sub-5 nm gate length (Lg) ultrathin In2O3 FETs. Based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) criteria for high-performance (HP) devices, the scaling limit of ultrathin In2O3 FETs can reach 2 nm in terms of on-state current, delay time, and power dissipation. The wide bandgap nature of ultrathin In2O3 (3.0 eV) renders it a suitable candidate for ITRS low-power (LP) electronics with Lg down to 3 nm. Notably, both the HP and LP ultrathin In2O3 FETs exhibit superior energy-delay products as compared to those of other common 2D semiconductors such as monolayer MoS2 and MoTe2. These findings unveil the potential of ultrathin In2O3 in HP and LP nanoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lianqiang Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Jun Lan
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yida Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aili Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang University─University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ruge Quhe
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kaur D, Rakhi, Posti R, Singh J, Roy D, Sarkar S, Kumar M. Nanopatterning Induced Si Doping in Amorphous Ga 2O 3 for Enhanced Electrical Properties and Ultra-Fast Photodetection. Small 2024:e2309277. [PMID: 38618656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Ga2O3 has emerged as a promising material for the wide-bandgap industry aiming at devices beyond the limits of conventional silicon. Amorphous Ga2O3 is widely being used for flexible electronics, but suffers from very high resistivity. Conventional methods of doping like ion implantation require high temperatures post-processing, thereby limiting their use. Herein, an unconventional method of doping Ga2O3 films with Si, thereby enhancing its electrical properties, is reported. Ion-beam sputtering (500 eV Ar+) is utilized to nanopattern SiO2-coated Si substrate leaving the topmost part rich in elemental Si. This helps in enhancing the carrier conduction by increasing n-type doping of the subsequently coated 5 nm amorphous Ga2O3 films, corroborated by room-temperature resistivity measurement and valence band spectra, respectively, while the nanopatterns formed help in better light management. Finally, as proof of concept, metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photoconductor devices fabricated on doped, rippled films show superior properties with responsivity increasing from 6 to 433 mA W-1 while having fast detection speeds of 861 µs/710 µs (rise/fall time) as opposed to non-rippled devices (377 ms/392 ms). The results demonstrate a facile, cost-effective, and large-area method to dope amorphous Ga2O3 films in a bottom-up approach which may be employed for increasing the electrical conductivity of other amorphous oxide semiconductors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damanpreet Kaur
- Functional and Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rakhi
- Surface Modification and Application Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Raghvendra Posti
- Spintronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Surface Modification and Application Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Debangsu Roy
- Spintronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Surface Modification and Application Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Functional and Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
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Dai Y, Ge X, Shi B, Wang P, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Enhancing Ultraviolet Stability and Performance of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Through Ultraviolet Light-Absorbing Passivator. Small Methods 2024:e2301793. [PMID: 38501843 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light (UV) has caused tremendous damage to perovskite solar cells (PSCs), degrading the perovskite and shortening their lifetime. Defects act as non-radiative recombination sites, accelerate the degradation process, reduce the efficiency of the device and weaken the stability of solar cell. In this work, to realize efficient and stable p-i-n wide bandgap solar cells under UV, a synergetic strategy utilizing UV light-absorbing passivator, (Trifluoroacetyl) benzotriazole (TFABI), enhance UV photostability and regulate the defect passivation is proposed. By using TFABI, the degradation of the perovskite absorption layer under UV light is suppressed, spectral response is enhanced and the Pb vacancy defects are passivated. As a result, the target device achieves an efficiency of 21.54%, exhibiting excellent long-term stability under 365 nm UV irradiation. After 60 h of irradiation, it retains 85% of its initial value (60 mW cm-2 , RH 25-30%, 25 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Biao Shi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Pengyang Wang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, National Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Jang WJ, Jang HW, Kim SY. Recent Advances in Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells: Focus on Lead-Free Materials for Tandem Structures. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300207. [PMID: 37203293 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A tandem solar cell, which is composed of a wide bandgap (WBG) top sub-cell and a narrow bandgap (NBG) bottom subcell, harnesses maximum photons in the wide spectral range, resulting in higher efficiency than single-junction solar cells. WBG (>1.6 eV) perovskites are currently being studied a lot based on lead mixed-halide perovskites, and the power conversion efficiency of lead mixed-halide WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reaches 21.1%. Despite the excellent device performance of lead WBG PSCs, their commercialization is hampered by their Pb toxicity and low stability. Hence, lead-free, less toxic WBG perovskite absorbers are needed for constructing lead-free perovskite tandem solar cells. In this review, various strategies for achieving high-efficiency WBG lead-free PSCs are discussed, drawing inspiration from prior research on WBG lead-based PSCs. The existing issues of WBG perovskites such as VOC loss are discussed, and toxicity issues associated with lead-based perovskites are also addressed. Subsequently, the natures of lead-free WBG perovskites are reviewed, and recently emerged strategies to enhance device performance are proposed. Finally, their applications in lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells are introduced. This review presents helpful guidelines for eco-friendly and high-efficiency lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Wang F, Xu W, Lu H, Lv L, Sha H, Jiang X, Wu S, Wang S. Wide-Bandgap Rare-Earth Iodate Single Crystals for Superior X-Ray Detection and Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206833. [PMID: 36950744 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based X-ray detectors with low detectable thresholds become critical in medical radiography applications. However, their performance is generally limited by intrinsic defects or unresolved issues of materials, and developing a novel scintillation semiconductor for low-dose X-ray detection is a highly urgent objective. Herein, a high-quality rare-earth iodate Tm(IO3 )3 single crystal grown through low-cost solution processing is reported with a wide bandgap of 4.1 eV and a large atomic number of 53.2. The roles of IO and TmO groups for charge transport in the Tm(IO3 )3 are revealed with the structural difference between the [101] and [ 1 ¯ 01 ] $[{\bar{1}}01]$ crystal orientations. Based on anisotropic responses of material properties and detection performances, it is found that the [ 1 ¯ 01 ${\bar{1}}01$ ] orientation, the path with fewer IO groups, achieves a high resistivity of 1.02 × 1011 Ω cm. Consequently, a single-crystal detector exhibits a low dark current and small baseline drifting due to the wide bandgap, high resistivity and less ion migration of Tm(IO3 )3 , resulting in a low detection limit of 85.2 nGyair s-1 . An excellent X-ray imaging performance with a high sensitivity of 4406.6 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 is also shown in the Tm(IO3 )3 device. These findings provide a new material design perspective for high-performance X-ray imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xieming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyuan Sha
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shaofan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuaihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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Mularso KT, Jeong JY, Han GS, Jung HS. Recent Strategies for High-Performing Indoor Perovskite Photovoltaics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:259. [PMID: 36678012 PMCID: PMC9865625 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of digital technology has made our lives more advanced as a society familiar with the Internet of Things (IoT). Solar cells are among the most promising candidates for power supply in IoT sensors. Perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs), which have already attained 25% and 40% power conversion efficiencies for outdoor and indoor light, respectively, are the best candidates for self-powered IoT system integration. In this review, we discuss recent research progress on PPVs under indoor light conditions, with a focus on device engineering to achieve high-performance indoor PPVs (Id-PPVs), including bandgap optimization and defect management. Finally, we discuss the challenges of Id-PPVs development and its interpretation as a potential research direction in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvian T. Mularso
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill Sang Han
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Pan L, Zhan T, Zhang Y, Li J, Wu Y, He Z, Cai P, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Wide Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Based on Difluorobenzoxadiazole for Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200591. [PMID: 35962718 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wide bandgap polymers with a donor-acceptor alternating structure play a key role in constructing high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). However, only a handful of high-performance polymers are available owing to the limited choices of acceptor units. 5,6-Difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (ffBX) is a promising acceptor unit with high ionization potential, and can afford high charge carrier mobility and strong aggregation for the resulting polymers. Historically, ffBX was successfully used in constructing high-performance polymer donors for fullerene-based OSCs. However, this unit is far less been explored in non-fullerene OSCs. In this work, we report three ffBX-based wide bandgap polymers (Oc00, Oc25, and Oc50) with varied solubilizing side chain content for application in non-fullerene OSCs. The polymers show matched energy levels and complementary optical absorption with the state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptor Y6. Moreover, the polymer solubility, solid state packing, and bulk-heterojunction morphology were finely tuned via side chain engineering. Encouragingly, a decent efficiency of 14.25% was realized by the polymer Oc25 when blended with Y6 due to the efficient charge transport and favorable active layer morphology. These results suggest the promising prospect of ffBX in constructing high-performance polymer donors for non-fullerene OSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langheng Pan
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhan
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB Eindhoven, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of the polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Li Y, Li R, Lin Q. Engineering the Non-Radiative Recombination of Mixed-Halide Perovskites with Optimal Bandgap for Indoor Photovoltaics. Small 2022; 18:e2202028. [PMID: 35616062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics have attracted increasing attention, since they can provide sustainable energy through the recycling of photon energy from household dim lighting. However, solar cells exhibiting high performance under sunlight may not perform well under indoor light conditions, mainly due to the mismatch of the irradiance spectrum. In particular, most of the indoor light sources emit visible photons with negligible near-infrared irradiance. According to the detailed balance theory, the optimal bandgap for indoor photovoltaics should be relatively larger, considering the trade-off between photocurrent and photovoltage losses. In this work, a systematic comparison of the theoretical limits of the conventional and indoor photovoltaics is presented. Then the non-radiative recombination losses are reduced by a synergetic treatment with Pb(SCN)2 and PEABr, resulting relatively high open circuit voltage of 1.29 V and power conversion efficiency of 17.32% under 1 sun illumination. Furthermore, the devices are fully characterized under weak indoor light (1000 lux, 4000 K LED) achieving a high efficiency of 37.18%, which is promising for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Li
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, 255123, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, 255123, P. R. China
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9
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Bi P, Zhang S, Ren J, Chen Z, Zheng Z, Cui Y, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang T, Li J, Xu Y, Qin J, An C, Ma W, Hao X, Hou J. A High-Performance Nonfused Wide-Bandgap Acceptor for Versatile Photovoltaic Applications. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108090. [PMID: 34784077 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap (WBG) nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with nonfused conjugated structures play a critical role in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Here, NFAs named GS-OEH, GS-OC6, and GS-ISO, with optical bandgaps larger than 1.70 eV, are synthesized without using the fused ring structures. Compared with GS-OEH and GS-OC6, GS-ISO exhibits much stronger crystallinity, leading to a smaller energetic disorder and a larger exciton diffusion coefficient. GS-ISO also possesses a higher electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 1.0 × 10-2 . The OPV cell based on PBDB-TF:GS-ISO demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.62% under the standard one sun illumination. Besides, the PBDB-TF:GS-ISO-based cell with effective area of 1.0 cm2 exhibits a PCE of 28.37% under 2700 K illumination of 500 lux. A tandem OPV cell using PBDB-TF:GS-ISO as the front subcell shows an outstanding efficiency of 19.10%. Importantly, the GS-ISO-based OPV cell exhibits promising stability under the continuous illumination of simulated sunlight. This study indicates that the molecular design strategy demonstrated in this work has great superiority in developing nonfused NFAs and also that GS-ISO is a promising WBG acceptor for versatile photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Bae H, Park TJ, Noh J, Chung W, Si M, Ramanathan S, Ye PD. First demonstration of robust tri-gate β-Ga 2O 3nano-membrane field-effect transistors. Nanotechnology 2021; 33:125201. [PMID: 34852337 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano-membrane tri-gateβ-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) field-effect transistors (FETs) on SiO2/Si substrate fabricated via exfoliation have been demonstrated for the first time. By employing electron beam lithography, the minimum-sized features can be defined with the footprint channel width of 50 nm. For high-quality interface betweenβ-Ga2O3and gate dielectric, atomic layer-deposited 15 nm thick aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was utilized with tri-methyl-aluminum (TMA) self-cleaning surface treatment. The fabricated devices demonstrate extremely low subthreshold slope (SS) of 61 mV dec-1, high drain current (IDS) ON/OFF ratio of 1.5 × 109, and negligible transfer characteristic hysteresis. We also experimentally demonstrated robustness of these devices with current-voltage (I-V) characteristics measured at temperatures up to 400 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagyoul Bae
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Tae Joon Park
- Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Jinhyun Noh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Wonil Chung
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Mengwei Si
- Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Peide D Ye
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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11
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Singh AK, Huang SY, Chen PW, Chiang JL, Wuu DS. The Effect of Annealing Ambience on the Material and Photodetector Characteristics of Sputtered ZnGa 2O 4 Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2316. [PMID: 34578633 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spinel ZnGa2O4 films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates at the substrate temperature of 400 °C by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Post thermal annealing was employed at the annealing temperature of 700 °C in order to enhance their crystal quality. The effect of thermal annealing on the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of ZnGa2O4 films was systematically investigated in various ambiences, such as air, nitrogen, and oxygen. The X-ray diffraction patterns of annealed ZnGa2O4 films showed the crystalline structure to have (111) crystallographic planes. Transmission electron micrographs verified that ZnGa2O4 film annealed under air ambience possesses a quasi-single-crystalline structure. This ZnGa2O4 film annealed under air ambience exhibited a smooth surface, an excellent average transmittance above 82% in the visible region, and a wide bandgap of 5.05 eV. The oxygen vacancies under different annealing ambiences were revealed a substantial impact on the material and photodetector characteristics by X-ray photoelectron spectrum investigations. ZnGa2O4 film exhibits optimal performance as a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector when annealed under air ambience. Under these conditions, ZnGa2O4 film exhibits a higher photo/dark current ratio of ~104 order, as well as a high responsivity of 2.53 A/W at the bias of 5 V under an incident optical light of 240 nm. These results demonstrate that quasi-single-crystalline ZnGa2O4 films have significant potential in deep-ultraviolet applications.
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12
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He K, Kumar P, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. A Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor Composed of Benzodithiophene and Oxime-Substituted Thiophene for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:26441-26450. [PMID: 34034487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxime-substituted thiophene (TO) is used as an acceptor (A) unit to copolymerize with the benzodithiophene (BDT) donor (D) unit to form a novel D-A polymer donor, PBDTTO, which has a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO) of -5.60 eV and a wide bandgap of 2.03 eV, forming complementary absorption and matching energy levels with the narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors. Organic solar cells using PBDTTO and Y6 as the donor and acceptor, respectively, exhibited a JSC of 27.03 mA cm-2, a VOC of 0.83 V, and a fill factor of 0.59, reaching a high power conversion efficiency of 13.29%. The unencapsulated devices show good long-term stability in ambient air. Compared with the acceptor monomers used in other high-performance BDT-based D-A polymer donors, which are synthesized tediously in low yields, the TO acceptor monomer can be conveniently synthesized in only two steps with a high overall yield of 70%. These results demonstrate that TO unit can be used as a promising acceptor unit for developing BDT-based D-A polymer donors at low cost while maintaining high photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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13
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Mballo A, Srivastava A, Sundaram S, Vuong P, Karrakchou S, Halfaya Y, Gautier S, Voss PL, Ahaitouf A, Salvestrini JP, Ougazzaden A. Towards P-Type Conduction in Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Doping Study and Electrical Measurements Analysis of hBN/AlGaN Heterojunctions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:211. [PMID: 33467590 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reliable p-doped hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) could enable wide bandgap optoelectronic devices such as deep ultra-violet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs), solar blind photodiodes and neutron detectors. We report the study of Mg in h-BN layers as well as Mg h-BN/AlGaN heterostructures. Mg incorporation in h-BN was studied under different biscyclopentadienyl-magnesium (Cp2Mg) molar flow rates. 2θ-ω x-ray diffraction scans clearly evidence a single peak, corresponding to the (002) reflection plane of h-BN with a full-width half maximum increasing with Mg incorporation in h-BN. For a large range of Cp2Mg molar flow rates, the surface of Mg doped h-BN layers exhibited characteristic pleats, confirming that Mg doped h-BN remains layered. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis showed Mg incorporation, up to 4 × 1018 /cm3 in h-BN. Electrical conductivity of Mg h-BN increased with increased Mg-doping. Heterostructures of Mg h-BN grown on n-type Al rich AlGaN (58% Al content) were made with the intent of forming a p-n heterojunction. The I-V characteristics revealed rectifying behavior for temperatures from 123 to 423 K. Under ultraviolet illumination, photocurrent was generated, as is typical for p-n diodes. C-V measurements evidence a built-in potential of 3.89 V. These encouraging results can indicate p-type behavior, opening a pathway for a new class of wide bandgap p-type layers.
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14
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Lee JH, Chen CH, Lin BY, Lan YH, Huang YM, Chen NJ, Huang JJ, Volyniuk D, Keruckiene R, Grazulevicius JV, Wu YR, Leung MK, Chiu TL. Bistriazoles with a Biphenyl Core Derivative as an Electron-Favorable Bipolar Host of Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:49895-49904. [PMID: 33095574 PMCID: PMC7735670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-quality host materials are indispensable for the construction in the emitting layer of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially in a guest and host system. The good carrier transport and energy transfer between the host and emitters are out of necessity. In this work, a wide bandgap and bipolar organic compound, 2,2'-bis(4,5-diphenyl-(1,2,4)-triazol-3-yl)biphenyl (BTBP), conjugating two electron-transporting triazole moieties on a hole-transporting biphenyl core, was synthesized and characterized. The wide bandgap of 4.0 eV makes the promise in efficient energy transfer between the host and various color emitters to apply as the universal host, especially for blue emitters. The close electron and hole mobilities perform the same order of 10-5 cm2·V-1·s-1, identified as bipolar behavior and benefited for carrier balance at low bias. Although carrier transportation belongs to bipolar behavior at a low electrical field, the electron mobility is much faster than the hole one at a high electrical field and belongs to electron-transporting behavior. Employing the BTBP as the host matrix mixed with a phosphor dopant, iridium(III)bis[4,6-di-fluorophenyl-pyridinato-N,C2]picolinate, a high-efficiency sky-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was achieved with a maximum current efficiency of 65.9 cd/A, maximum power efficiency of 62.8 lm/W, and maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Haw Lee
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yen Lin
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lan
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Mei Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jing Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Jiun Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Keruckiene
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yuh-Renn Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Man-kit Leung
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Lung Chiu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
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15
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Rafie Borujeny E, Sendetskyi O, Fleischauer MD, Cadien KC. Low Thermal Budget Heteroepitaxial Gallium Oxide Thin Films Enabled by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44225-44237. [PMID: 32865966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the applicability of atomic layer deposition (ALD) in producing highly oriented crystalline gallium oxide films on foreign substrates at low thermal budgets. The effects of substrate, deposition temperature, and annealing process on formation of crystalline gallium oxide are discussed. The Ga2O3 films exhibited a strong preferred orientation on the c-plane sapphire substrate. The onset of formation of crystalline gallium oxide is determined, at which only two sets of planes, i.e., α-Ga2O3 (006) and β-Ga2O3 (4̅02), are present parallel to the surface. More specifically, this work reports, for the first time, that epitaxial gallium oxide films on sapphire start to form at deposition temperatures ≥ 190 °C by using an optimized plasma-enhanced ALD process such that α-Ga2O3 (006)∥α-Al2O3 (006) and β-Ga2O3 (2̅01)∥α-Al2O3 (006). Both α-Ga2O3 (006) and β-Ga2O3 (2̅01) planes are polar planes (i.e., consisting of only one type of atom, either Ga or O) and, therefore, favorable to form by ALD at such low deposition temperatures. Ellipsometry and van der Pauw measurements confirmed that the crystalline films have optical and electrical properties close to bulk gallium oxide. The film grown at 277 °C was determined to have superior properties among as-deposited films. Using TEM to locate α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 domains in the as-deposited crystalline films, we proposed a short annealing scheme to limit the development of α-Ga2O3 domains in the film and produce pure β-Ga2O3 films via an energy-efficient process. A pure β-Ga2O3 phase on sapphire with β-Ga2O3 (2̅01)∥α-Al2O3 (006) was successfully achieved by using the proposed process at the low annealing temperature of 550 °C preceded by the low deposition temperature of 190 °C. The results of this work enable epitaxial growth of gallium oxide thin films, with superior material properties offered by ALD, not only with potential applications as a high-performance material in reducing global energy consumption but also with an energy-efficient fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rafie Borujeny
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor - Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Oles Sendetskyi
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Research Centre, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Michael D Fleischauer
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Research Centre, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Kenneth C Cadien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor - Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
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16
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Si M, Andler J, Lyu X, Niu C, Datta S, Agrawal R, Ye PD. Indium-Tin-Oxide Transistors with One Nanometer Thick Channel and Ferroelectric Gating. ACS Nano 2020; 14:11542-11547. [PMID: 32833445 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate high-performance indium-tin-oxide (ITO) transistors with a channel thickness down to 1 nm and ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 as gate dielectric. An on-current of 0.243 A/mm is achieved on submicron gate-length ITO transistors with a channel thickness of 1 nm, while it increases to as high as 1.06 A/mm when the channel thickness increases to 2 nm. A raised source/drain structure with a thickness of 10 nm is employed, contributing to a low contact resistance of 0.15 Ω·mm and a low contact resistivity of 1.1 × 10-7 Ω·cm2. The ITO transistor with a recessed channel and ferroelectric gating demonstrates several advantages over 2D semiconductor transistors and other thin-film transistors, including large-area wafer-size nanometer thin-film formation, low contact resistance and contact resistivity, an atomic thin channel being immune to short channel effects, large gate modulation of high carrier density by ferroelectric gating, high-quality gate dielectric and passivation formation, and a large bandgap for the low-power back-end-of-line complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Si
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joseph Andler
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Lyu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chang Niu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Suman Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rakesh Agrawal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peide D Ye
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Ying H, Liu Y, Dou Y, Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Cheng YB, Zhong J. Surfactant-assisted doctor-blading-printed FAPbBr 3 films for efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells. Front Optoelectron 2020; 13:272-281. [PMID: 36641574 PMCID: PMC9743887 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have generated wide interest due to the rapid development of their photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. However, the majority of the reported devices have been fabricated via spin coating with a device area of < 1 cm2. In this study, we fabricated a wide-bandgap formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) film using a cost-effective, high-yielding doctor-blade-coating process. The effects of different surfactants, such as 1-α-phosphatidylcholine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied during the printing process. Accompanying the optimization of the blading temperature, crystal sizes of over 10 µm and large-area perovskite films of 5 cm × 5 cm were obtained using this method. The printed FAPbBr3 solar cells exhibited a short-circuit current density of 8.22 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.175 V, and an efficiency of 7.29%. Subsequently, we replaced the gold with silver nanowires as the top electrode to prepare a semitransparent perovskite solar cell with an average transmittance (400-800 nm) of 25.42%, achieving a high-power efficiency of 5.11%. This study demonstrates efficient doctor-blading printing for preparing large-area FAPbBr3 films that possess high potential for applications in building integrated photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangkai Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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18
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Tang Y, Sun H, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Su M, Zhou X, Wu X, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu B, Chen W, Liao Q, Woo HY, Guo X. A New Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Large Open-Circuit Voltage. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901773. [PMID: 31728295 PMCID: PMC6839623 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) that leads to a consistent increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs). To achieve better compatibility with high-performance NF-SMAs, the direction of molecular design for donor polymers is toward wide bandgap (WBG), tailored properties, and preferentially ecofriendly processability for device fabrication. Here, a weak acceptor unit, methyl 2,5-dibromo-4-fluorothiophene-3-carboxylate (FE-T), is synthesized and copolymerized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) to afford a series of nonhalogenated solvent processable WBG polymers P1-P3 with a distinct side chain on FE-T. The incorporation of FE-T leads to polymers with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.60-5.70 eV, a complementary absorption to NF-SMAs, and a planar molecular conformation. When combined with the narrow bandgap acceptor ITIC-Th, the solar cell based on P1 with the shortest methyl chain on FE-T achieves a PCE of 11.39% with a large V oc of 1.01 V and a J sc of 17.89 mA cm-2. Moreover, a PCE of 12.11% is attained for ternary cells based on WBG P1, narrow bandgap PTB7-Th, and acceptor IEICO-4F. These results demonstrate that the new FE-T is a highly promising acceptor unit to construct WBG polymers for efficient NF-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- eFlexPV Limited (China)Room 228, Block 11, Jin Xiu Da Di, No. 121 Hu Di Pai Song Yuan Sha Community, Guanhu Street, Longhua DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Weipeng Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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Ye T, Jin S, Kang C, Tian C, Zhang X, Zhan C, Lu S, Kan Z. Comparison Study of Wide Bandgap Polymer (PBDB-T) and Narrow Bandgap Polymer (PBDTTT-EFT) as Donor for Perylene Diimide Based Polymer Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:613. [PMID: 30619822 PMCID: PMC6302911 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives as a kind of promising non-fullerene-based acceptor (NFA) have got rapid development. However, most of the relevant developmental work has focused on synthesizing novel PDI-based structures, and few paid attentions to the selection of the polymer donor in PDI-based solar cells. Wide bandgap polymer (PBDB-T) and narrow bandgap polymer (PBDTTT-EFT) are known as the most efficient polymer donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs). While PBDB-T is in favor with non-fullerene acceptors achieving power conversion efficiency (PCE) more than 12%, PBDTTT-EFT is one of the best electron donors with fullerene acceptors with PCE up to 10%. Despite the different absorption profiles, the working principle of these benchmark polymer donors with a same electron acceptor, specially PDI-based acceptors, was rarely compared. To this end, we used PBDB-T and PBDTTT-EFT as the electron donors, and 1,1'-bis(2-methoxyethoxyl)-7,7'-(2,5-thienyl) bis-PDI (Bis-PDI-T-EG) as the electron acceptor to fabricate PSCs, and systematically compared their differences in device performance, carrier mobility, recombination mechanism, and film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengling Ye
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Jin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Cong Kang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Tian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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20
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Hu Z, Wang Z, Kapil G, Ma T, Iikubo S, Minemoto T, Yoshino K, Toyoda T, Shen Q, Hayase S. Solution-Processed Air-Stable Copper Bismuth Iodide for Photovoltaics. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:2930-2935. [PMID: 29920992 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-based solar cells have been under intensive interest as an efficient non-toxic absorber in photovoltaics. Within this new family of semiconductors, we herein report a new, long-term stable copper bismuth iodide (CuBiI4 ). A solutionprocessed method under air atmosphere is used to prepare the material. The adopted HI-assisted dimethylacetamide (DMA) co-solvent can completely dissolve CuI and BiI3 powders with high concentration compared with other organic solvents. Moreover, the high vapor pressure of tributyl phosphate, selected for the solvent vapor annealing (SVA), enables complete low-temperature (≤70 °C) film preparation, resulting in a stable, uniform, dense CuBiI4 film. The average grain size increases with the precursor concentration, greatly improving the photoluminescence lifetime and hall mobility; a carrier lifetime of 3.03 ns as well as an appreciable hall mobility of 110 cm2 V-1 s-1 were obtained. XRD illustrates that the crystal structure is cubic (space group Fd3m) and favored in the [1 1 1] direction. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of CuBiI4 was also investigated. A wide bandgap (2.67 eV) solar cell with 0.82 % power conversion efficiency is presented, which exhibits excellent long-term stability over 1008 h under ambient conditions. This air-stable material may give an application in future tandem solar cells as a stable short-wavelength light absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Zhen Wang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Gaurav Kapil
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iikubo
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Takashi Minemoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, 899-2192, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Waka-matsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
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21
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Guo B, Li W, Guo X, Meng X, Ma W, Zhang M, Li Y. High Efficiency Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thick Active Layer and Large Area. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1702291. [PMID: 28737017 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, high-efficiency nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) are developed based on a thiazolothiazole-containing wide bandgap polymer PTZ1 as donor and a planar IDT-based narrow bandgap small molecule with four side chains (IDIC) as acceptor. Through thermal annealing treatment, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 11.5% with an open circuit voltage (Voc ) of 0.92 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 16.4 mA cm-2 , and a fill factor of 76.2% is achieved. Furthermore, the PSCs based on PTZ1:IDIC still exhibit a relatively high PCE of 9.6% with the active layer thickness of 210 nm and a superior PCE of 10.5% with the device area of up to 0.81 cm2 . These results indicate that PTZ1 is a promising polymer donor material for highly efficient fullerene-free PSCs and large-scale devices fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wanbin Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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22
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Lin Y, Chen B, Zhao F, Zheng X, Deng Y, Shao Y, Fang Y, Bai Y, Wang C, Huang J. Matching Charge Extraction Contact for Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 28466976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells are needed to boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells to beyond Schottky-Queisser limit, but they suffer from a larger open circuit voltage (VOC ) deficit than narrower bandgap ones. Here, it is shown that one major limitation of VOC in WBG perovskite solar cells comes from the nonmatched energy levels of charge transport layers. Indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) with higher-lying lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital is needed for WBG perovskite solar cells, while its energy-disorder needs to be minimized before a larger VOC can be observed. A simple method is applied to reduce the energy disorder by isolating isomer ICBA-tran3 from the as-synthesized ICBA-mixture. WBG perovskite solar cells with ICBA-tran3 show enhanced VOC by 60 mV, reduced VOC deficit of 0.5 V, and then a record stabilized power conversion efficiency of 18.5%. This work points out the importance of matching the charge transport layers in perovskite solar cells when the perovskites have a different composition and energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yehao Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Chunru Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). Ongoing improvements in the power conversion efficiency of OSCs have been achieved, which were mainly attributed to the design and synthesis of novel conjugated polymers with different architectures and functional moieties. Among various conjugated polymers, the development of wide-bandgap (WBG) polymers has received less attention than that of low-bandgap and medium-bandgap polymers. Here, we briefly summarize recent advances in WBG polymers and their applications in organic photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as tandem, ternary, and non-fullerene solar cells. Addtionally, we also dissuss the application of high open-circuit voltage tandem solar cells in PV-driven electrochemical water dissociation. We mainly focus on the molecular design strategies, the structure-property correlations, and the photovoltaic performance of these WBG polymers. Finally, we extract empirical regularities and provide invigorating perspectives on the future development of WBG photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cai
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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24
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Yu T, Xu X, Li Y, Li Z, Peng Q. Side-Chain Influence of Wide-Bandgap Copolymers Based on Naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b]bispyrazine and Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene for Efficient Photovoltaic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:18142-18150. [PMID: 28488430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported new types of wide-bandgap copolymers, PBDTA-NPz, PBDTT-NPz, PBDTF-NPz, and PBDTP-NPz, on the basis of the naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b]bispyrazine (NPz) acceptor building block for efficient photovoltaic applications. The influencing factors of the introduced side chains, including alkoxyl, alkylthienyl, alkylfuryl, and alkoxylphenyl, were investigated in detail. These copolymers possessed wide bandgaps ranging from 1.79 to 1.88 eV with different nonconjugated or conjugated side chains. They also possessed deep highest-occupied molecular orbital levels of less than -5.25 eV, which allowed the achievement of high Voc's from their polymer solar cells (PSCs). The X-ray diffraction results indicated their excellent crystallinity and molecular stacking features, especially for PBDTF-NPz containing alkylfuryl side chains. Their photovoltaic performances were measured using bulk-heterojunction single-junction PSCs with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al under the same processing conditions. Different side chains of NPz-based copolymers induced largely different device performances. Without the additive, 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), the primary PBDTA-NPz, PBDTT-NPz, PBDTF-NPz, and PBDTP-NPz devices showed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 4.53, 6.09, 7.06, and 3.49%, respectively. On adding 3 vol % DIO, the device performances were elevated to a higher level. The PBDTF-NPz devices exhibited the highest PCE of 8.63%, which resulted in improved Voc, Jsc, and FF values caused by their inherent properties. Our results indicated that NPz is a potential acceptor unit to construct high-powered wide-bandgap copolymers for efficient PSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zuojia Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang G, Yang G, Yan H, Kim JH, Ade H, Wu W, Xu X, Duan Y, Peng Q. Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Novel Wide Bandgap Small Molecular Acceptor. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1606054. [PMID: 28256755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide bandgap small molecular acceptor, SFBRCN, containing a 3D spirobifluorene core flaked with a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) and end-capped with highly electron-deficient (3-ethylhexyl-4-oxothiazolidine-2-yl)dimalononitrile (RCN) units, has been successfully synthesized as a small molecular acceptor (SMA) for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). This SMA exhibits a relatively wide optical bandgap of 2.03 eV, which provides a complementary absorption to commonly used low bandgap donor polymers, such as PTB7-Th. The strong electron-deficient BT and RCN units afford SFBRCN with a low-lying LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level, while the 3D structured spirobifluorene core can effectively suppress the self-aggregation tendency of the SMA, thus yielding a polymer:SMA blend with reasonably small domain size. As the results of such molecular design, SFBRCN enables nonfullerene PSCs with a high efficiency of 10.26%, which is the highest performance reported to date for a large bandgap nonfullerene SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guofang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Joo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Kong WY, Wu GA, Wang KY, Zhang TF, Zou YF, Wang DD, Luo LB. Graphene-β-Ga 2 O 3 Heterojunction for Highly Sensitive Deep UV Photodetector Application. Adv Mater 2016; 28:10725-10731. [PMID: 27748975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A deep UV light photodetector is assembled by coating multilayer graphene on beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2 O3 ) wafer. Optoelectronic analysis reveals that the heterojunction device is virtually blind to light illumination with wavelength longer than 280 nm, but is highly sensitive to 254 nm light with very good stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Kong
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Guo-An Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Kui-Yuan Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Bao Luo
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
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27
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Bai Q, Liu H, Yao L, Shan T, Li J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lu P, Yang B, Ma Y. Adjusting Nitrogen Atom Orientations of Pyridine Ring in Tetraphenylsilane-Based Hosts for Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:24793-24802. [PMID: 27579808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four wide bandgap host materials, namely, 9-(4-diphenyl(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)silyl-phenyl)-9H-carbazole (CSmP), 9-(4-diphenyl(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)silylphenyl)-9H-carbazole (CSoP), 9-(4-diphenyl(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)silylphenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (DCSmP), and 9-(4-(diphenyl(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)silyl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (DCSoP), have developed by incorporation of pyridine with varied N atom orientation and carbazole/dimer carbazole units into the tetraphenylsilane skeleton for blue phosphorescent light-emitting diodes. These host materials all possess wide bandgap (3.54-3.64 eV) and high triplet energies (2.77-2.95 eV). As revealed by the absorption and emission spectra, theoretical calculations, and CV measurements, the N atom orientation exerts a strong influence on the LUMO energy level and electron-transportation behaviors without deterioring the photophysical properties. Among them, DCSmP with 3-pyridyl substituent manifests the best electron-transporting capability. The FIrpic-doped blue phosphorescent device using DCSmP as host material exhibits excellent electroluminescence performance with a maximum current efficiency of 40.1 cd A(-1) and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.0%. The current efficiency and external quantum efficiency are improved 3-fold, higher than those fabricated from DCSpP with 4-pyridyl as substituent, demonstrating an effective strategy for large improvement in device performance by a subtle change in molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Hu M, Bi C, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Huang J. Stabilized Wide Bandgap MAPbBr x I 3-x Perovskite by Enhanced Grain Size and Improved Crystallinity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2016; 3:1500301. [PMID: 27774406 PMCID: PMC5064729 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The light instability of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x is one of the biggest challenges for its application in tandem solar cells. Here we show that an improved crystallinity and grain size of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x films could stabilize these materials under one sun illumination, improving both the efficiency and stability of the wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA
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Xia T, Cao Y, Oyler NA, Murowchick J, Liu L, Chen X. Strong microwave absorption of hydrogenated wide bandgap semiconductor nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:10407-13. [PMID: 25915720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interactions in the microelectronvolt (μeV) or microwave region have numerous important applications in both civil and military fields, such as electronic communications, signal protection, and antireflective coatings on airplanes against microwave detection. Traditionally, nonmagnetic wide-bandgap metal oxide semiconductors lack these μeV electronic transitions and applications. Here, we demonstrate that these metal oxides can be fabricated as good microwave absorbers using a 2D electron gas plasma resonance at the disorder/order interface generated by a hydrogenation process. Using ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles as examples, we show that large absorption with reflection loss values as large as -49.0 dB (99.99999%) is obtained in the microwave region. The frequency of absorption can be tuned with the particle size and hydrogenation condition. These results may pave the way for new applications for wide bandgap semiconductors, especially in the μeV regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - Yinghui Cao
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Nathan A Oyler
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - James Murowchick
- §Department of Geosciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
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